Resource procurement
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Transcript of Resource procurement
RESOURCE PROCUREMENT
MONEY, MAN, MATERIAL & MACHINE
RESOURCE MANAGEMENTRESOURCE RESOURCE LOADING &PROCUREMENT LEVELING
MATERIAL SLIP EOQ SPLIT 1
ABC CRASH 2
JIT 3MACHINERY CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 7
EVALUATIONCONTRACTS 4
MONEY 5MAN ( Human Resource ) 6
ENTREPRISE RESOURCE PLANNINGVALUE CHAIN MRPCAD, CAM & CIM 8
Types of Inventories• Raw materials & purchased parts
• Partially completed goods called work in progress
• Finished-goods inventories – (manufacturing firms)
or merchandise (retail stores)
• Replacement Parts, Tools & Supplies• Goods in Transit – inwards or outwards
ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY
a THREE WAYS1 STATEMENT2 GRAPH3 FORMULA
b BASIC INFORMATION1 Annual Requirements 9,600 2 Carrying Cost 3.00 PER UNIT
Cost of funds tied up
Ware-housing, upkeep and security
Insurance
Deterioration, theft and obsolescence
3 Order Cost 225 per orderCost of preparing purchase orderLocating suppliersTransportationReceiving Costs ( Unloading, Inspection & Storage)
ANNUAL DEMAND 9,600 ORDERING COST 225 CARRYING COST 3
BY FORMULABY GRAPHBY STATEMENT
2 9,600 225 2 D OC 4,320,000 1,440,000 1,200
EOQ = ---------------------------------------------------3CC3
1,200 carry cost and order cost are equal at EOQ
1,200 3 0.5 1,800 8 225 1,800
CARRYING TOTAL COST per TOTALANNUAL No. of AVERAGE COST CARRYING orderORDERING
DEMAND Orders STOCK PER UNIT COST COSTTOTAL COSTa b c d e f g h i
Givenassumed a div by bc div by 2 given d x e given b x g f + h9,600 4 2,400 1,200 3 3,600 225 900 4,500 9,600 8 1,200 600 3 1,800 225 1,800 3,600 9,600 12 800 400 3 1,200 225 2,700 3,900 9,600 16 600 300 3 900 225 3,600 4,500
When to Reorder with EOQ Ordering
• Reorder Point - When the quantity on hand of an item drops to this amount, the item is reordered.– Lead time X consumption per unit of Lead Time
2 weeks X 500 unit per week = 1,000 units
• Safety Stock - Stock that is held in excess of expected demand due to variable demand rate and/or lead time.– Lead Time from alternative source X consumption
per unit of such time.
The Inventory Cycle
Profile of Inventory Level Over Time
Quantityon hand
Q
Receive order
Placeorder
Receive order
Placeorder
Receive order
Lead time
Reorderpoint
Usage rate
Time
ABC Classification System
Classifying inventory according to some measure of importance and allocating control efforts accordingly.
AA - very important
BB - mod. important
CC - least important Annual $ value of items
AA
BB
CC
High
Low
Few ManyNumber of Items
ABC Classification of Inventory Items
0102030405060708090
100110
Percentage of inventory items (SKUs)
Perc
enta
ge o
f dol
lar v
olum
e
A B C
Inventory Items Listed in Descending Order of Dollar Volume
Monthly Percent of Unit cost Sales Dollar Dollar Percent of Inventory Item ($) (units) Volume ($) Volume SKUs Class
Computers 3000 50 150,000 74 10 AEntertainment center 2500 30 75,000
Television sets 400 60 24,000Refrigerators 1000 15 15,000 16 30 BMonitors 200 50 10,000
Stereos 150 60 9,000Cameras 200 40 8,000Software 50 100 5,000 10 60 CComputer disks 5 1000 5,000CDs 20 200 4,000
Totals 305,000 100 100
Just-In-Time Purchasing
Just-in-time (JIT) purchasing is the purchaseof goods or materials such that a delivery
immediately precedes demand or use.
Companies moving toward JIT purchasingargue that the cost of carrying inventories(parameter C in the EOQ model) has beendramatically underestimated in the past.
Just-In-Time Production Systems
Just-in-time (JIT) production systems take a“demand pull” approach in which goods are
only manufactured to satisfy customer orders.
Major Features of a JIT System
1. Organizing production in manufacturing cells
2. Hiring and retaining multi-skilled workers
3. Emphasizing total quality management
4. Reducing manufacturing lead time and setup time
5. Building strong supplier relationships
Just-In-Time Processing
Goods Manufactured and shipped to the
clients
Sales Order Received
100 pairs of sneakers...
got it!
Send rubber and shoe laces directly
to the factory.
Rubber & shoe laces from supplier just before manufacture.
Just-in-Time Production means no inventories of raw materials or work-in-process or finished goods.
Instantly materials requirements are ascertained & purchase order issued to supplier