Resilient Wind Turbine Design · 2019-04-03 · Frequency [Hz] f R . f R + 7 Hz f R - 7 Hz . 100 ....

© Copyright ENERCON GmbH. All rights reserved. David McMullin 1

Resilient Wind Turbine Design CIGRE Training Day

David McMullin Grid Integration Engineer 25/04/2018 - Dublin


AGENDA

1 WEC Features for Resilient Power Systems Frequency and voltage withstand and support | Storm Control

2 WECs and Battery Energy Storage Húsahagi Wind Farm and BESS – Faroe Islands


Basic Electrical Design

Generation

Controls Generator Rectifier

Excitation

Yaw Drives

Pitch Drives E-82 E3



Conversion

UPS Control

Control Cabinet

Transformer

Power Cabinets

E-82 E3

LV Distribution

MV Switchgear



Type 4 Wind Turbine Generator (WTG), with no gearbox Full scale power converter decouples generator from grid

Key characteristics



Type 4 Wind Turbine Generator (WTG), with no gearbox Full scale power converter decouples generator from grid Performance on grid mainly determined by inverter(s) (current source)

Key characteristics


WEC features for resilient power systems

Wide frequency and voltage operating ranges Fault Ride Through (FRT) capability with dynamic current injection Fast reaction to power system faults (1-2 cycles) and frequency events (<500ms) Withstanding high frequency gradients (RoCoF) Storm Control: staying online during high wind speeds

Picture © Rio Tinto


Frequency and Voltage operating ranges

fR

Freq

uenc

y [H

z]

fR + 7 Hz

fR - 7 Hz

100

Voltage [% of nominal]

120 85 80

Normal continuous operation

max. 60s

145

Up to 5s per event

Up to 5s per event

Frequency: Continuous operation at frated +/- 7Hz Voltage: Continuous operation between 85% to 120% of nominal Fault Ride Through (down to 0V): Up to 5s per event


ENERCON FRT Performance

The UPS and the chopper resistor are the main elements enabling the FRT capability

UPS maintains the LV supply to auxiliary systems Power is diverted to the chopper resistor during FRT Full-rated chopper resistor Very fast (~40ms) and stable active & reactive current response


DS3 QTP: frequency response from Inertia Emulation

<0.5s rise time

15-second duration meets FFR and POR requirements

Recovery energy: meets FFR requirement


High RoCoF withstand: >3Hz/s example

Measurement results – high frequency gradient


Operating Ranges

The WECs do not switch off at the typical cut-out wind speeds around 25m/s, but continuously adapt their power output depending on the wind

ENERCON Storm Control

vcut-out vreconnection

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37

Win

d D

istri

butio

n [h

/a]

Pow

er [

kW]

Wind Speed

10-min average acc. to IEC 61400

41

Pn

Instantaneous wind speed

Power is continuously

controlled


WEC features for resilient power systems

Wide frequency and voltage operating ranges Fault Ride Through (FRT) capability with dynamic current injection Fast reaction to power system faults (1…2 cycles) and frequency events (<500ms) Withstanding frequency gradients up to 4 Hz/s Storm Control: staying online during high wind speeds

Picture © Rio Tinto

Our job: to listen & respond to power system operators’ needs!


AGENDA

1 WEC Features for Resilient Power Systems

Frequency and voltage withstand and support | Storm Control

2 WECs and Battery Energy Storage Húsahagi Wind Farm and BESS – Faroe Islands

Papers: Jun 2017 – Design, testing & commissioning Oct 2017 – Technical performance May 2018 (new) – Economic impact


Húsahagi BESS – key figures

Photo © SEV/Ólavur Fredriksen Map: Wikipedia

20MW – 53MW (18.2MW wind)

Location: near Tórshavn, Faroe Islands

Wind generation capacity: 11.7MW (13x 900kW)

Battery Energy Storage: Lithium Ion, 707kWh

BESS power: 1.5MW (charge) / 2.3MW (discharge)

Battery by Saft

Inverters & Control by ENERCON

BESS Functions at Húsahagi

• WFPS Ramp Rate Control (dP/dt)

• Frequency response

• Peak shifting

Up to 85% wind …for

hours


BESS

REFERENCE PROJECTS – Húsahagi, Faroe Islands

Main Grid

L-EMS controller

Inverter E-Storage 2300

Li-Ion Battery

DC Bus

20kV AC

WTGs: 11.7 MW 13x E-44 900kW

20/60kV

2014 2016

20MW – 53MW

Ptotal

Pwind

PBESS


Ramp Rate Control: normal operation (16 March 2017)

PWind [MW] PBESS [MW] Ptotal [MW] = PWind + PBESS


Power Curve: ramping “hotspots” P

(kW

)

vwind (m/s)

Storm Control


Ramp Rate Control: Medium wind speeds

05:00 – 06:00: vwind.mean = 11.5 m/s

PWPP; PWTGs [MW]

PBESS +/-[MW]


Ramp Rate Control: extreme conditions (Storm Control: sustained)

Húsahagi Wind Farm, 10 September 2016, 03:00 – 04:00

PWPP; PWTGs [MW]

PBESS +/-[MW]


Project Economic Benefit: wind utilisation and payback time

𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈: 𝐸𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝐸𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎

Annual Utilisation (Jan – Dec)

2015: 78.2%

2016: 88.3% (+10%)

2017: 93.3% (+15%)

Improved ramp rates… ⇒ Higher wind utilisation ⇒ Less fossil fuel generation ⇒ Lower fuel costs

Payback on BESS investment costs: 4.5 years

Source: Nielsen et al, 3rd International Hybrid Power Systems Workshop, May 2018

BESS installed


Húsahagi – summary & outlook

Photo © SEV/Ólavur Fredriksen

BESS has improved Húsahagi’s ramp rates and wind utilisation

Power-frequency response also in operation (May 2018 paper)

Long-term performance is being studied and reported

System Operator will now deploy further variable RES with BESS

[email protected]


Document ID Cigre_Enercon_180426 Note Presentation by David Mc Mullin at Cigre Training Day on 26/04/2018

Date Language DCC Plant/Department 2018-03-05 en Sales – Grid Integration

Rev. Date Change 0.1 2018-04-25 Document created 1 2016-04-25 Corrected typos & shortened presentation 1.1 2016-04-30 Print version

Document details

Revisions

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Resilient Wind Turbine Design · 2019-04-03 · Frequency [Hz] f R . f R + 7 Hz f R - 7 Hz . 100 ....

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