residential refuges for micro-organisms
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Transcript of residential refuges for micro-organisms
Bacteria populations show sharp increase
after charcoal additionBeijerinckia, Ogawa
1992
residential refuges for micro-organismsresidential refuges for micro-organisms
Glomalus Margarita germination higher
than on soilDr. Makato Ogawa
1991
nearly 3-fold increasenearly 3-fold increase
biochar provides preferred biochar provides preferred habitat habitat
for soil microbesfor soil microbes
ResearchResearch
of special interest
Soil MineralsSoil Minerals
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BiocharBiochar
Charcoal in potting soilCharcoal in potting soilstimulates mycorrhizal fungistimulates mycorrhizal fungito become establishedto become establishedon on DipterocarpsDipterocarps root root
Effect of biocharEffect of biocharon mycorrhizaeon mycorrhizae
Makato OgawaMakato OgawaKansai EnvironmentalKansai EnvironmentalJapanJapan
ResearchResearchSoil MineralsSoil Minerals
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BiocharBiochar
Mycorryhizal FungiMycorryhizal Fungiproduce Glomalin
a glue to aggregate soil particles
Fertile SoilFertile Soilis “aggregated”is “aggregated”
improve water holding capacity, aeration, increase tilth,
and boost biomass yields
Biochar seeds aggregate formationBiochar seeds aggregate formationto absorb dissolved organic matterto absorb dissolved organic matter
through wet and dry cycles to build humusthrough wet and dry cycles to build humusas long-term carbon storageas long-term carbon storage
Dr. Makato OgawaDr. Makato OgawaKansai EnvironmentalKansai Environmental
ResearchResearchSoil MineralsSoil Minerals Terra PretaTerra Preta
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Effect of BiocharEffect of Biocharon soybean yield, on soybean yield, root growth root growth and nodulationand nodulation
Makato OgawaMakato OgawaKansai EnvironmentalKansai EnvironmentalJapanJapan
ResearchResearchSoil MineralsSoil Minerals Terra PretaTerra Preta
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Biochar added to Biochar added to Acacis manguimAcacis manguim seedlings seedlings
at age 6 months, height & diameter significantly increasedat age 6 months, height & diameter significantly increased
Siregar (2004), Forest & Nature Conservation Research & Development Center, Indonesia
0%0% 10%10% 15%15% 20%20%
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ResearchResearch
after: Oct. 1999growth of pine root & mycorrhizae formation started at 5 to 6 months after treatment
Ogawa 1999 Kansai EnvironmentalOgawa 1999 Kansai Environmental
before: Sept. 1998
results 13 months after treatmentresults 13 months after treatment
Biochar Benefits Existing ForestBiochar Benefits Existing Forest
Soil MineralsSoil Minerals Terra PretaTerra Preta
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In Japan, biochar to enhance plant growth isn’t experimental. Official government-approved soil management practice.
Kansai Environmental, division of Kansai Electric,one of Japan’s largest power companies,
has projects in Australia and Thailand using biochar in soil to create carbon credits.
One million hectare soil restoration project in Australia to grow cash crops and create carbon credits.
Soil SummaryBiochar is not a fertilizerbroken down or decayed by weatheringa food source for plants or insectsdigested by ordinary micro-organismsBiochar is stable, permanent and recalcitrant in soil for centuries a sponge to soak up and hold water and nutrientsan adsorpent, to attract and hold nutrient ionsrefuge for microbes out of the soil solutionpreferred habitat for mycorrhizaeBiochar
internal storage space 100’s X more than external surfacetremendously increases C.E.C.provides A.E.C. for crucial Phosphorus & Nitrogenprovides permanent, stable residential space for microbesinteracts with humic acids to form supra-molecules in soil