Residential Areas 1

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The Neighborhood UnitConcept(1)

by Clarence A.Perry

Clarence A. Perry (1929) was oneof the first to give someconsideration to the physical formof the neighborhood unit.

Suggests that the maximum radius

for walking distance from the hometo the community center should beonly 1/4 mile (400m).

Shopping areas are situated at

intersecting traffic streets on theoutside corners rather than at thecenter of the unit.

LANDUSE PLANNING:Residential Areas


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The Neighborhood Unit Concept(2) by

Clarence Stein

The elementary school is the center of the unit and within a one-half mile

radius of all residents in theneighborhood.

A small shopping center for dailyneeds is located near the school.

Most residential streets aresuggested as cul-de-sac or "dead-end" roads to eliminate throughtraffic, and park space flows throughthe neighborhood in a manner

reminiscent of the Radburn plan.


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Diagram shows

the grouping of 3

neighborhood

units served by a

high school andone or two major

commercial

centers, the

radius for walking

distance to these

facilities being

one mile.


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The Neighborhood Unit Concept(3)

Radburn City,New Jersey

“The town of the motor age."

The cul-de-sac (dead-end) residential streetsare service roads ratherthan traffic ways,

The house being reversedso that the living roomsface on the rear gardenswith pedestrian paths

leading to the continuouspark space.

‘A separated dual systemof circulation’.


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5RADBURN, New Jersey, bird eye view


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Hierarchy of Neighborhood-Village-Town

Model is used in thedesign of the new townof Columbia, Maryland

(1967).-a. Housing cluster -b. Neighborhood-c. Village-d. Town

form a nested system of spatial communities.

The sizes aredetermined by the

nature and size of commercial areas andcommunity facilities(particularly schools) in

the case of Columbia.


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Neighborhood center

consists of a: kindergarten throughelementary school supplemented

by a day-care center, small store,multipurpose meeting room,

park and playgrounds, and servesparticularly the most place-bound

residents: mothers and youngchildren.

Village center

ntains a high school, a cluster of localshopping establishments, communityservice facilities and institutions, andrecreation facilities to provide the

basic goods and services to supporthouseholds in a trade area populationof 10-15.000.

destrian and bicycle, automobile, and

bus circulation networks link the partsof the community.


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Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)

• “Pedestrian pocket“ or ‘transit-oriented development’ (1990) is

a cluster of housing, retail spaceand offices within a 400m of atransit station.

• Contains a mix of 2 to 3-story

apartments, a mixed-use "mainstreet“, day-care facilities, openspace, regional shopping mall,office-homes employment areas

and a transit station.• The idea is to change the

isolated land use components ofa suburban environment.


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• A TOD ranges from 20-40 ha in size, smaller than a newtown but more heterogeneous and larger than many planned

unit developments (PUDs).• It contains about 2000 dwellings and about 9 ha of

commercial and employment activities.

• It is meant to be home to a mix of income groups and

household types: young singles, married couples, familieswith children, and the elderly.

• Include a light rail station; office space; neighborhoodshopping; 1000 parking places; 400 units of townhouses/duplexes; 50 single-family detached dwellings;150 units of elderly living facilities; house, town hall typemeeting space, post office, library, churches; and parks andrecreation facilities.

• the upper figure suggests how a hierarchy of TODs might be

organized around a public transportation system.(Sacramento, California 1990)

The Neighborhood Unit


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The Neighborhood Unit

Concept(6) Suburban

Neighborhood ModelModel consists of low-densityhomogeneous neighborhoodscomprised of single-family dwellings,

lawns, garages and carports, curvingstreets, and culs-de-sac.

Schools, office parks, shoppingcenters, and recreation areas are

located within convenient distance forcommuting by automobile.

This model promotes mobility throughthe use of automobiles; thus itincorporates garages and driveways

into residential layouts and generousoff-street parking at shopping,employment, and other destinations.

In Turkey, Kemerburgaz, Zekeriyaköy

and Beykoz residential areas areexamples of Suburban NeighborhoodModel


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BAHÇELİEVLER. ANKARA

(1936)

Hermann Jansen

Residential

Settlements inTurkey


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19Zekeriyaköy . In Turkey Kemerburgaz, Zekeriyaköy and Beykoz residential

areas are examples of Suburban Neighborhood Model


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20CASABA

CASABA.

Dudullu

• Criticized forcreating auto-dependency,and isolating

children, theelderly, andothers whocannot drive

or cannotafford a car and exampleof

consumerism.


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21SABA


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23SAKLI KORU EVLER İ. Bahçeköy

Residential Areas 1

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