Reser2014KazuhikoKawasaki

2014/09/12

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Expectations on social innovations by citizen participation in Japan

Kazuhiko Kawasaki　　　[email protected] http://kawaski.jimdo.com/

RESER 2014-09-12 HELSINKI

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Table 1 PHASES OF CIVIC ACTIVISM IN POSTWAR JAPAN � �Phase � �Movement � � � � �Identities �� Nascent �Cultural circle activism � � � � �The people�

� �Ca 1945-55� �Formative �The Anpo struggle � � � � � �Shimin�

� �1958-60� �Elaborative �Beiheiren � � � � � � �Shimin as Japanese and Asians�

� �1965-74� �Elaborative �Antipollution and � � � � � �Shimin as jumin (local residents)�

� �Antidevelopment�� Protest (ca 1964-75)�

�Elaborative �The movement for � � � � � �Shimin as kokumin �citizen participation � � � � � � �(Japanese nationals)�

� �(ca 1963-75)� �Transformative �The new civic � � � � �Shimin as seikatsusha�

� �movements � � � � � � �(inhabitants of daily life)� � �(ca 1975-89)�

�? � �The rise of civil society � �Shimin as shin-shimin (new citizens)�

� �(ca 1990-present)�__________________________________________________________�(source: p. 241, Avenell, S.A (2010): Making Japanese Citizens –Civil Society and the Mythology of the Shimin in Postwar Japan. University of California Press)�

The shin-shimin is regarded as a self-reflexive, self-responsible subject open to collaboration and engagement with traditional opponents, all in the name of fundamental social change. (Avenell, S.A 2010, 251)

DDeemmaanndd ppuullll && ssuuppppllyy ppuusshh n  1 Japan’s “lost decades“ n  2 Increase of non-regular employees, decrease

of “life-long employed" n  3 Huge public debt, lack of trust for public

sectors and politics n  4 Decreasing satisfaction of life or happiness n  5 Shin-shimin awareness “triggers" - the

earthquakes in Kobe (1995) and in East Japan (2011)

n  6 NPO legislation (1999) and boom of volunteers

n  7 “Wisdom of crowds“ Lost decades�

Increase of non-regular employees, decrease of ”life-long” employees�

Huge public debt, lack of trust for public sector and politics�

Lack of satisfaction of life or happiness�

Shimin awareness ”triggers” – earthquakes 1995 & 2011 �

NPO legislation (1999)/ rise of volunteers�

Wisdom of crowds�

shin-shimin (new citizens) �

Sup

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Dem

and pull�

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Exhibit 4 Share of non-regular empoyees in Japan 2002-2013 (%) �

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Asahi Shimbun�

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Have you taken part in volunteer activities?

Cabinet office of Japan, 2014�

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Source: The Cabinet Office of Japan https://www.npo-homepage.go.jp/ �

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“I have never been so much excited as this event before in my whole life. Very nice to know that participants could value our efforts. EbetsuShift Forum became an unforgettable experience for me.” Kazuki Yamada, chairperson of the organizing committee.

“It was not so easy to organize and lead nearly 50 students. But the positive evaluations by the participants gave tears in my eyes and I am much satisfied with the results we could attain.” Rina Noguchi, vice chairperson of the organizing committee.

References Avenell, S.A (2010): Making Japanese Citizens –Civil Society and the Mythology of the Shimin in Postwar Japan. University of California Press Easterlin R. (1974). Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot? Some Empirical Evidence. In Paul A. David and Melvin W. Reder, eds., Nations and Households in Economic Growth: Essays in Honor of Moses Abramovitz, New York: Academic Press, Inc. Nishigaki, T (2013): Syugochi towa nanika (What is collective wisdom?). Chukoshinsho OECD How’s Life? 2013-Measuring Well-being (http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/#/55555555555) Siegel R (2011) Positive Psychology – Harnessing the power of happiness, mindfulness and personal strength , Harvard Health Publications Surowiecki, J (2005): The Wisdom of Crowds. Doubleday;Anchor Svedberg L., von Essen J, Jegermalm J (2010): Svenskarnas engagemang är större än någonsin insatser i och utanför föreningslivet, Ersta Sköndalhögskola Arbetsrapportserie 68 Tateoka, Y (2006): Ritasei no keizaigaku (Altruism driven economics), Shinyosha UNDP (2014) Human Development Report World Happiness Report 2013 (http://unsdsn.org/resources/publications/world-happiness-report-2013/)

Expectations on social innovations by citizen participation in Japan �・・DDeemmaanndd--ppuullll aanndd ssuuppppllyy ppuusshh ffaaccttoorrss ooff cciittiizzeenn ppaarrttiicciippaattiioonn iinn JJaappaann ・・EEbbeettssuuSShhiifftt FFoorruumm ‒‒ aa ccaassee ffrroomm 22001111--0033--1133

KKiiiittooss!!

Reser2014KazuhikoKawasaki

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