RESEARCH UPDATE From the Director’s Desk

RESEARCH UPDATE

VOLUME 3, No. 2 JULY-DECEMBER 2016

New concept CRISPR/Cas9 to engineer virus resistance

in plantsPromising Technology Development of ins tant protein r ich

vegetable soup mixPromising genotype VRCP-112-4: a promising genotype of

vegetable cow pea CCH-11: a CMS-based F1 hybrid of chilli VRO-115: an okra line resistant to YVMV

and OELCV Kashi Adarsh: a semi-indeterminate variety

of tomato VRPG-103: a c lus ter bearing clone of

pointed gourd EC769321-1: a unique Basella genotype

w ith snow -w hite f low er Unique vegetable-pea genotypes w ith

multiple-podsPest management Cross inf ectiv ity of Sc lerotini a

sclerotiorum on leguminous vegetables Association of endoparasitoid, Pr isto-

merus euzopherae w ith s tem borer,Euzophera perticellal

Emergence of tospovirus on solanaceousvegetables

Vegetable for health Purple radish: antioxidant rich vegetables

w ith colour potential Cluster bean: a promising crop of futureSustainable agro-practices Tens iometer based dr ip ir rigation

scheduling in tomatoSuccess story FLDs of improved vegetable varieties pave

the livelihood and nutritional securityKVK activitiesEvents fgUnh psruk ekl dk ' kqHkkjEHk Training on hybrid seed production Okra Field Day organized Secretary (DA RE) & DG, ICAR visited

Varanasi Sw achhta Pakhw ada organized Short Course on Underutilized Vegetable

Crops Dr. AK Singh, DDG (AE & HS) visited at

KVK, Bhadohi dsUnzh; df"k , oa fdl ku dY;k.k jkT; ea=h dk] okjk.kl h Hkze.k Brinjal and Chilli Field Day organized l esfdr , oa mRd"V e/kqeD[khi kyu fodkl dsUæ dh LFkki uk

From the Director’s DeskVegetable production is always profitable as a cash crop for

small and marginal farmers for their subsistence and nutritionalsecurity. Globally, India ranks second in vegetable production,contributing 15.8 and 14.0% of global vegetable area andproduction, respectively. With 9.8 million ha area under vegetablesand 171 mi llion tonnes of production, the vegetables alsocontribute significantly in export market. During 2014-15, Indiaexported 20,19,342 tonnes fresh vegetables, valued approx. Rs.4,61,164 lakh, and also earned Rs. 53,855 lakh by exporting driedand preserved vegetables. Countries like UK, Saudi Arabia, USA and the Netherlandshave good demand of processed vegetables. ICAR-IIVR is adopting a multi-prongedstrategy to meet the future challenges in vegetable production. This includes geneticimprovement, vegetable production and vegetable protection strateg ies. Geneticimprovement strategies focus on evolving climate-proof vegetables, genetically editedvegetables (GEV), resource efficient, photosynthetically efficient and thermo- and photo-insensitive, nutri-rich and multipurpose vegetable varieties. The rootstock breedingstrategies are also being explored to manage abiotic stresses. The institute hasdeveloped transgenic varieties in brinjal and tomato. In brinjal, Kashi Taru cultivar hasbeen transformed with two Bt genes, Cry 1 Ac and Cry 1 Aa3 for effective control of fruitand shoot borer. Similarly, transgenic was developed in tomato cultivar Kashi Visheshwith Cry 1 Ac for resistance to tomato fruit borer. To sustain in deficit water conditionand increased temperature, tomato cultivar Kashi Vishesh has been transformedwith AtDREBIA gene for drought and salt tolerance and BcZATI2 gene that providesdrought and heat tolerance. The institute has standardized the drip irrigation schedulingprotocol for tomato, broccol i, spring-summer okra and cucumber. Through dripirrigation, 65-150% higher water use efficiency and 46-55% water savings have beenachieved in vegetables along with 17-62% increase in yield compared to surfaceirrigation. Besides, ICAR-IIVR is in the process of standardizing the technology fororganic production of brinja l, tomato, cowpea, cabbage, pea, etc. The vegetableproduced under organic farming are free from chemical contaminants and are goodfor health. The quality, taste and flavour improves mainly through increased dry matter,vitamin-C, protein content, and decrease in nitrates and oxalates in vegetables. Theinstitute has standardized the shellac based edible coating for extending the shelf lifeof capsicum, bitter gourd and okra. Further, simple low-cost steeping preservationwith hurdle concept has been developed for cauliflower, carrot and pointed gourd forextending the shelf-life at ambient storage temperature. Low-cost drying technologywith good hydration and aesthetic quality has also been standardized for bitter gourd,cauliflower, okra, carrot, tomato and green chilli powder. ICAR-IIVR is thriving to makevegetable cultivation a very lucrative venture by strategic and applied research fordeveloping technologies to enhance productivity o f vegetable crops, scientificleadership in coordinating network research for solving location specific problems,acts as a national repository of scientific information relevant to vegetable crops andas a centre of training for upgradation of scientific manpower in vegetable crops.

(Bijendra Singh)

2 ICAR-INDIAN INSTITUTE OF VEGETABLE RESEARCH

NEW CONCEPTCRISPR/Cas9 to engineer virus resistance inplants

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated virus resistance in the plantcell. gRNA, and Cas9, components of the CRISPR/Cas9machinery, are expressed from the plant genome and formgRNA-Cas9 complex. Upon viral infection, the viral DNAreplicates through the dsDNA replicative form inside thenucleus of host cell. The gRNA-Cas9 complex targets theviral dsDNA at complementary target sites and cleaves the

development of vegetablesoup mix involved freezedry ing of blanchedvegetables such as greentender pea, carrot shreds,cauliflower shred, onionand garlic pieces. Freezedried vegetable pieces aremixed with whey proteinconcentrate, corn flour, modified s tarch, spices andseasonings with sifting so that there should be uniform mixingof ingredients.

Instant Protein rich vegetable soup mix is packaged inlaminated pouches and subsequently sealed and stored atambient storage temperature. Instant soup mix containedmoisture 4.3-5.0%, protein 20-21%, insolubility index of12-13 ml/cc, loose and packed bulk densities of 0.39-0.40and 0.51-0.53 g/cc. Instant vegetable soup mix uponreconstitution exhibited good sensory perception for flavour,consistency and overall acceptability score of 7.5 on 9- PointHedonic scale.

Sudhir SinghICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research,

Varanasi-221 305, UP

PROMISING GENOTYPEVRCP-112-4: a promising advance genotypeof vegetable cowpea

It is high yielding and cowpea golden mosaic virusresistant advance breeding line of cowpea which developedthrough pedigree selection by crossing IC-559386 × ArkaGarima. It is dwarf & bush type (45-50 cm), photoperiod-insensitive, early line suitable for sowing in both spring-summer and rainy seasons. It flowers in 45-50 days aftersowing and pods get ready for harvest in 57-60 days.

viral genome via double strand breaks formation which canbe repaired by non-homologous end joining repair. Otherwise,the format ion of double s trand breaks can lead to thedegradation of the virus genome.

Achuit Kumar Singh and B Singh

ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research,Varanasi-221 305, UP

PROMISING TECHNOLOGYDevelopment of instant protein rich vegetablesoup mix

Soups are refreshing and good sources of easilydigestible nutrients such as protein, vitamins and minerals.Soups are delicacy items which are generally served inparties and functions. The process for making soups iscumbersome process with limited shelf life of 4-5 hrs. Heattreatment and subsequent cold storage can extend the shelflife to not more than 8-10 hrs. Protein calorie malnutrition isvery much prevalent especially in children of our countrydue to very low consumption of vegetables in the diet ofchildren. The consumption of vegetables in the form of soupin the diet of children would reduce the protein caloriemalnutrition. Furthermore, instant protein rich vegetable soupmix requires only reconstitution in definite volume of waterand boiling for 2-3 min as well as retains the quality of soupmix for more than 6 months at ambient storage. The

VEGETABLE NEWSLETTER, JULY-DECEMBER, 2016 3

It produces 35-40 pods per plant of 30-35 cm long. Thepod weight is about 12 g with 13-14 seeds per pod. Thepods are dark green, thin, pulpy, cylindrical and parchmentfree, and produces 150-175 q/ha green pods.

Hira LalICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research,


CCH-11: a CMS-based F1 hybrid of chilliCytoplasmic male

sterility (CMS) system isbeing used for commercialhybrid product ion inseveral crops includingchil l ies . At ICAR-IIVR,Varanas i, a new chil l ihybrid, namely CCH-11has been developedutilizing the CMS line anda multiple stress tolerantpollinator parent. The fruitsof CCH-11 are ideal fortable purpose (freshconsumption) with fruitlength of 7-9 cm, width 0.8-1.0 cm and thin pericarp. Fruitsare green at fresh stage and red at maturity, slightly wrinkled,pendant, straight and pointed. The yield potential of this CMS-based F1 chilli hybrid is 20-25 t/ha green fruits in 7-8 monthsduration.

Rajesh KumarICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research,


VRO-115: an okra line resistant to YVMV andOELCV

VRO-115, an advancedbreeding line of okra, has beenidentified as a promising genotypehaving dark-green fruit color, mediumfruit-size with yield potential of 170-180 q/ha. This line is found to beresistant to both yellow vein mosaicvirus (YVMV) and okra enation leafcurl virus (OELCV) diseases underNorth Indian conditions when plantedwith other susceptible l ines ascheck. Further, the days to firstflowering of this genotype is 40-42days after sowing, while first flowercomes at 4-5th node and plant bearson an average 25-30 fruits per plantunder North Indian conditions. The

fruit-length and fruit-diameter of this genotype is 11-12 cmand 1.4-1.5 cm, respectively. Since, this line is showingresistance to both YVMV and OELCV diseases subsequentlylast three years at IIVR, Varanasi farm; therefore, we areusing this line in our resistance breeding programme as oneof the parent. Further, due to its high yield potential andresistance to most deadly begomoviruses, VRO-115 maybe released as a variety after its multilocation testing underAICRP-VC.

Gyan P Mishra, Tania Seth, Nagendran K and B SinghICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research,


Kashi Adarsh (VRT-1201): a semi-determinatevariety of tomato

Kashi Adarsh,a semi-determinatetomato variety, hasbeen recommendedfor release in zoneVII compris ingMadhya Pradeshand Maharashtras tates . Averagey ield of up to 60tonnes/ha could berealised with KashiAdarsh. The fruits ofthis variety are round and firm with a pericarp thickness of 6mm. Average fruit weight ranges from 80-115 g with 3-4locules. The fruits are attractive red in colour. This varietycarries an allele of Ty-3 conferring resistance to tomato leafcurl virus disease. It has shown resis tance to bothmonopartite and bipartite viruses in artificial screens, andhigh level of resistance in field tests conducted over years indisease hot spot at IIVR, Varanasi. It was identified andrecommended in the 34th group meeting of AICRP-VC heldon 10-13th May, 2016 at ICAR-Indian Agricultural ResearchInstitute, New Delhi.

HC PrasannaICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research,


VRPG-103: a cluster bearing high yieldpotential clone of pointed gourd

A unique clone (VRPG-103) bearing fruits in clusterhave been identified in pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica)during field evaluation at IIVR, Varanasi. Generally pointedgourd bears single fruit at each or alternate node, whilecluster bearing habit is rare and not characterized till date.After identification in the field this line clonally multipliedVRO-115: a YVMV and

OELCV resistant line

Performance of Kashi Adarsh in field


using mature vine cuttings to increase the plant populationand rooted vine cuttings were planted in the field to validatethe cluster bearing habit of VRPG-103. During the fieldevaluation it was observed that all the plants of VRPG-103produced fruits in clusters. The number of fruits per clustervaried from two to four in this unique clone. The double fruitedcluster contributed maximum towards the number of fruitsper plant. The fruits of this clone were light green in colourwith longitudinal white strip. Average fruit weight ranged from25 to 30 g and containing 20-25 seeds per fruit. The fruitlength and fruit diameter of this line were 6.00 to 6.30 cmand 3.15 to3.50 cm respectively. The average yield per vinein VRPG-103 varied from 12.5 kg/vine to 13.2 kg/vine, wascontributed by more number of fruits per plant which rangesfrom 375 to 440. The yield potential (tender fruits) of VRPG-103 is 300-400 q/ha with 2500 plant population. This cloneperforms well both in summer and rainy season underVaranasi condition. In pointed gourd number of fruits/planthas positive effect on total yield. Therefore VRPG-103 hasgreat potential in developing high yielding variety in pointedgourd as it produced more number of fruits per plant.

Pradip Karmakar, DR Bhardwaj,PM Singh and B Singh


EC769321-1(VRB-48-1): A unique Basellagenotype with snow-white flower

Basella alba commonly known as Indian Spinach orMalabar Spinach is a potential leafy vegetable blessed withimmense nutritional and medicinal potential. Indian spinachis native to tropical Southern Asia, probably originated fromIndia or Indonesia. There are basically two types in Basellaalba. The green types are designated as Basella alba var.alba and red types are Basella alba var. rubra. Usually theflower colour is purple in Basella alba var rubra and pink orpinkish white with pink or purple tip on the bud in Basellaalba var alba. The purple/red colour stem or leaf in Basellais due to the presence of betalain pigment. The major betalainpigment in mature fruit of Basella is Gomphrenin I and hasgreat potential for utilization as natural food colourant, dyemaking and cosmetics.

India, the primary centre of origin for Indian Spinach,is endowed with enormous variability and genetic divergencethroughout the country. A total of 70 accessions have beenaugmented at ICAR-IIVR inc luding 35 accessions fromNational Gene Bank and 35 collections from different regionsof the country. These accessions were characterized andevaluated for agro-morphological traits during 2015 and 2016at ICAR-IIVR, Varanasi. A range of flower colours comprisingpurple, pink, white with pink or purple tip were observed.The accession EC769321, collected from AVRDC, Taiwanbears purple flower. However, a unique variant from thegermplasm EC769321 bearing pure white flower was selectedand named as EC769321-1.

The variantpossesses intermediategrowth habit with green,caudate, soft andsucculent leaves.Immature fruits are greenin colour without anypink ish or purple tinge.Usually, the mature fruitsare black coloured berry fullof dark purple pigmentbetalain in Basella and areknown to have medicinaland industrial value. But inthis unique genotype evenmature fruits are greencoloured and the juice iscolourless devoid of anyred/purple pigment. This isalso a rare trait. This uniquefeature may help in studyof flower colour inheritanceand can be utilized as a morphological marker linked toother desirable traits in conventional breeding programme.Since this germplasm is devoid of betalain even in the maturefruits, such pigmentation markers could be used for studyingthe metabolic pathways of betalain biosynthesis in basella.

Pragya, B Singh, PM Singh and Chithra Devi Pandey*ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research,

Varanasi-221 305, UP*ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi

Identification of unique vegetable-peagenotypes with multiple-pods at single node

During the Rabi season (2015-16), few plants havingtetra and penta- pods at single node were identified in anadvanced breeding line VRPM-901. The line VRPM-901 wasdeveloped for triple podded character at each node. The

Fruiting in VRPG-103

EC769321-1: A Basella accessionwith pure white flowers


isolated from French bean (3), dolichos bean (1) and pea (1)on potato dextrose agar and purified by hyphal tip method.These isolates were subjected to cross infectivity test ondifferent leguminous hosts viz. French bean, dolichos bean,cowpea, sword bean and pea adopting leaf detachmentmethod. Under in vitro condition, the surface sterilized leafand pod of these leguminous vegetables asepticallyinoculated with 5 mm mycelial bit of five days old pathogenculture and observed for colonization of pathogen after 2days of incubation at 18±1oC. It was observed that inoculatedpathogen isolates infected leaves of all the tested hosts withmaximum severity on the cowpea leaf. However, infectionlevel was more on pods of dolichos bean than that of pea. Itclearly revealed cross infectivity of the pathogen indicatingthe emergence of this pathogen as broad spectrum coveringwide host range.

AN Tripathi, BR Meena, KK Pandey, AB Rai,S Gupta and B Singh


appearance of first flower was found on 17th or 18th node at55 to 60 days after sowing while average numbers of branchesper plant were 2-3.

The total numbers of pods were 20 to 24 with averagepod-length and width of 8.5 cm and 1.1 cm, respectively.Since picking of vegetable-pea pods is generally donemanually, therefore it is expected that the genotypes withmultiple pods at a single node will facilitate the harvestingand reduce the picking cost. In this background, the newlyidentified line will be evaluated in coming years for inheritanceof this character and other horticultural traits.

Jyoti Devi, SK Sanwal, RK Dubey, PM Singh andB Singh


PEST MANAGEMENTCross infectivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ondifferent leguminous vegetables

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the most devastatingpathogens causing severe crop losses on variouseconomically important leguminous, solanaceous and colevegetables. Its incidence has been recorded up to 20% onfrench bean and dolichos bean in research farm, ICAR-IIVR,Varanasi during cool and moist climate in 2016. Initial diseasesymptoms appeared in the form of water-soaked lesions onstem during the flowering and pod formation stages. Later itexpanded rapidly on infected plant parts including leaf, flowerand pods, finally caused girdling and rotting of these parts.Lesions of infected plant parts usually developed patches ofwhite, fluffy mycelial mats often with large, irregular, black-coloured sclerotia. Different isolates of S. sclerotiorum were

Tetra-podded plant Penta-podded plant

Differential level of infection by S. sclerotiorum on cowpea,macuna bean and sword bean

Detached pod assay of S. sclerotiorum on dolichos andpea pods.


Association of endoparasitoid Pristomeruseuzopherae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonid)with stem borer, Euzophera perticella(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), a serious pest ofgrafted and ratoon brinjal

Brinjal stem borer Euzophera perticella Ragonot is anoligophagous insect pest found mostly in the Indiansubcontinent . Recent ly, its infestation was observed oneggplant in severe form during 2015-2016 and 2016-17 inand around the experimental farm of ICAR-Indian Institute ofVegetable Research, Varanas i, Ut tar Pradesh. It wasobserved that the infested plants became light yellow in colourwith stunted growth and detected in patches across the plot.Finally the affected plants were completely drooped, witheredand wilted with stunted growth, reduced plant vigour andlowered fruit bearing capacity. Larvae bore the stem portionof the eggplant near the collar region and fed the pith portion,thereby reducing the translocation activity of the plants. Theprominent larval galleries/tunnels filled with frassy excretawere observed inside the stem and its underneath. Numberof larval tunnels were varied from 3-11 per plant with anaverage of 7.92±0.69 tunnels/plant. Larval feeding tunnellength varied from 8.4 – 21.3 cm with an average of 12.8 cm.Pupation was generally inside the stem with brown colouredfibrous cocoon. Oviposition, incubation, larval and pupalperiods of E. perticella ranged from 4-11, 3-9, 29-47 and 7-14 days, respectively, whereas adult longevity were 4-8 daysfor male and 5-13 days for females. Adult exit points werequite often adjacent to the branch or any weak or injuredpoint on the stem. A single exit point was often used bymany borer larvae by interconnecting their feeding tunnel.Field incidence of the stem borer was observed from secondfortnight of February with 13.5% stem damage and gradually

increased coinc iding with increase in atmospherictemperature during summer months. The stem damageduring March, April, May and June were 29.75, 51.5, 76.5and 89.7%, respectively. Almost all the plants were affectedby this borer during July. Infestation was more severe inratoon and grafted brinjal. A promising ichneumonid larvalendoparasitoid was recovered from E. perticella which wastaxonomically identified as Pristomerus euzopherae Viereck.Incidence of this parasitoid was recorded during secondfortnight of April (1.91% paras it ization) with highestparasitization during July (12.48%) followed by June (7.73%).

Jaydeep Halder, Deepak Kushwaha, Debjani Dey*,SK Tiwari, AB Rai and B Singh


*ICAR- IARI, New Delhi-110012

Emergence of tospovirus on solanaceousvegetables in Indo-Gangetic plain

In recent days, tospoviruses are increasingly becomingmost serious threats to vegetable cultivation in India. Infectionof Tospovirus on vegetable crops is causing 29 to 100%yield loss. In addition, it is also deteriorating the fruit quality.Among the 23 Tospovirus spec ies reported globally,Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV) syn. Peanut budnecrosis virus (PBNV) and Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV)were found to infect solanaceous vegetable crops in India.Dispersal and survival of Tospovirus from infected to healthyplants mainly depends on thrips vector under naturalconditions. Thrips feed on infected plants and specificallytransmit the tospoviruses in persistent and propagat ivemanner. Upon feeding on infected plants, 2nd instar nymphstage acquiring virus can alone be able to transmit the virusin adult stage. Thrips palmi and Frank liniella occidentalisare the spec ies t ransmit t ing GBNV and CaCV onsolanaceous crops. In North India, incidence of tospovirusis increasing on tomato and brinjal which were recorded upto23% and 46%, respectively during 2015-16 in Varanasiregion. In near future it may leads to havoc for the cultivationof solanaceous vegetables in north India. ReverseTranscription- Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) assayusing the PBNV specific primer showed the amplification ofthe coat protein gene of PBNV from infected tomato andbrinjal plants (Fig 1).

Tospovirus infec t ion causes different types ofsymptoms according to the strains of viruses associatedwith crop, its stage of infection, cultivars of crop, load ofvirus inoculums and availability of viruliferous vector and alsovarieties of symptoms are associated with single virus onsingle host species. It is essential to know the field symptomsfor the proper diagnosis of the Tospovirus infection. Stuntingof infected plant is common symptom of Tospovirus on

Brinjal stem infested byE. perticella

Endoparasitoid Pristomeruseuzopherae


vegetable crops. Chlorotic or necrotic rings are seen on theleaves of many infected plants and sometimes on fruits ofsome hosts. Necrosis may develop on the foliage and stemof some hosts and make the plants to dry from tip downwardsand is commonly called as “bud necrosis”. Sometimes it iscausing chlorosis on leaves of infected plants. Advancementof disease may causes death of infected plant.

In tomato, infection of PBNV causes circular necroticspots on the leaves with green center. Also necrotic lesionson stem and young shoots were observed and finally lead todry ing of entire plant from tip to downwards. Moreover,chorotic lesions with concentric rings seen on infected leaveswere seen on PBNV infected brinjal plants. In some cases,circular necrotic lesions with green centre was also observed.

K Nagendran, Shweta Kumari, KK Pandey,AB Rai and B Singh


VEGETABLE FOR HEALTHPurple radish: antioxidant rich vegetableswith colour potential

The demand of coloured vegetables has increased asthey are richer sources of nutraceuticals. Recently IIVR havebeen developed a series of coloured genotype of radishamong which purple coloured genotype VRRAD-151 wasfound prominent. To investigate the chemical compositiondetail chemical profiling was carried out using high resolutionmass spectrometry. The putatively identified compounds wereflavonols , dihydroflavonols , flavonones, flavones,anthocyanins, isoflavonoids and phenolic acids . The

anthocyanins were mostly present in acy lated forms,indicating the potential use of this radish genotype as asource of stable natural colors. Antioxidant activity wasstudied using four in-vitro methods and, the CUPRAC methodprovided the best estimate of antioxidant activity, with theflavonols being the major contributor.

TK Koley, BK Singh, Kaushik Banerjee*, Arti Maurya,Dasharath Oulkar*, Zareen Khan* and B Singh


*ICAR-NRC Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra

Cluster bean: a promising vegetable crop offuture

Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) is consideredas a minor crop although it is reservoir of different aminoacids including glutamic, arginine, aspartic acid and leucine.It also contains glycol nutrients that help in controlling bloodsugar levels in the body. Iron and calcium present in clusterbeans fills up the deficiencies of these minerals and alsoaccounts in strengthening the bones and thus, prevents boneloss. Cluster bean is rich in dietary fibre, potassium andfolate which protect the heart from various cardiovascularcomplications. It is also work as a good laxative, stimulatingbowel movement, improving digestive system and help influshing the unwanted toxins from the stomach.

In view of the importance of the crop, geneticimprovement programme on cluster bean has been initiatedat ICAR-IIVR, Varanasi in order to popularize and augmentits production among growers. Initially, two hundred fifteendiverse genotypes of cluster bean are under characterizationfor various traits focussing mainly for vegetable purpose whichshowed lot of genetic variability pod length and shape. The

Amplification of coat protein gene of PBNV from infectedtomato and brinjal (M- 1kb Marker; 1- Healthy tomato; 2 & 3-

Infected tomato; 4- Healthy brinjal; and 5 & 6- Infected brinjal)

Variability for pod length in cluster bean


variety Pusa Navbahar was observed to be promising formaximum fruit length. Cluster bean being a short durationcrop holds immense potential to generate better economicreturns to growers from marginal land holdings with highproduction.

RK Dubey, Jyoti Devi, Mamta Singh and Hira LalICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research,


SUSTAINABLE AGRO-PRACTICESTensiometer based drip irrigation schedulingin tomato

Irrigation management directly affects crop performanceand can lead to qualitative and quantitative changes invegetables. Tensiometer is rapid, cheap and easy device formonitoring the soil water status. It is preferred to other typeof soil moisture sensors because of its low cost, simplicityof use, high accuracy of measurement and unaffected by

temperature and soil osmotic potential. Drip irrigation systemand polyethylene mulch is known to reduce the evaporationand therefore increase water use efficiency, among manyother benefits. A study was conducted to evaluate the effectof different soil moisture tensions (-40, -60 and -80 kPa) andblack polyethylene mulching on growth, yield and water useefficiency of tomato. Experimental findings revealed that themaximum tomato production of 89.17 and 85.98 tons/hawas reported with drip irrigation at -40 kPa or -60 kPa coupledwith black polythene mulching (BP). The maximum wateruse efficiency (WUE) of 355.31 kg yield/ ha/mm of waterwas recorded with drip irrigation at -60 kPa + BP mulch.The highest soil moisture in 0-30 cm soil profile was registeredwith BP mulch at -40kPa (17.8-20.73%) and -60 kPa (16.3-18.6%) soil moisture tensions. Lowest weed growth wasalso observed under BP mulch as compared to paddy strawor un-mulched control.

Anant BahadurICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research,


SUCCESS STORYFront line demonstrations (FLDs) of improvedvegetable varieties pave the path for livelihoodand nutritional security among tribals

ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasiadopted 14 villages with 1000 tribal households in Chopanblock of Duddhi tehsil in district Sonbhadra under Tribal SubPlan (TSP) sanctioned by ICAR, New Delhi. Front LineDemonstrations (FLDs) on vegetables were conducted atselected t ribals’ fields for dissemination and adoption ofimproved vegetable varieties by the tribal farmers (Table). Asa part of integrated support, technology intervention throughkitchen gardening had also been made among selectedbeneficiaries to ensure their livelihood and nutritional security.In a series of demonstrations, regular field visits and needbased advisory services were provided to make their farmingsystem sustainable.

The bumper yield harvested in demonstrated vegetablefield resulted satisfaction about the introduced vegetablevarieties among the farmers. Farmers used the vegetablesfor household consumption as well as sold excess producein nearby market. An average yield of 80 q/ha in case ofcowpea var. Kashi Kanchan and 45 q/ha okra var. KashiPragati was recorded in tribals field condition which aremostly undulated hilly and water scarce area. By and large,the farmers gained monetary benefits in terms of improvingthe productivity of vegetable crops as well as improved thenutrition standards by daily vegetable based dietary intake.


Table: Outstanding results of FLDs of improvedvegetable varieties in tribal’s field.

Bottle gourd ‘Kashi Ganga’ in the field of Fateh Singh

Brinjal ‘Kashi Uttam’ in the field of Surajlal.

Sponge gourd ‘Kashi Divya’ in the kitchen garden ofHirawati Devi.

Advisory services at farmer’s field regarding crop protectionmeasures.

Rakesh Pandey, AK Chaturvedi, AK Singh, RPChaudhary, Shubhadeep Roy, Neeraj Singh, SK

Singh, Paresh Chaukhande, RN Prasad and B SinghICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research,


Name of the farmer

Village Crops Area (ha.)

Bottle gourd 0.025 Tomato 0.025

Fateh Singh

Salaibanwa

Brinjal 0.015 Laxman Salaibanwa Bottle gourd Kitchen garden

Tomato 0.018 Shankar Salaibanwa Brinjal 0.006

Hirawati Devi

Salaibanwa Sponge gourd Kitchen garden

Sonmati Sanathdandi Sponge gourd Kitchen garden Bottle gourd 0.0125 Pumpkin 0.0125 Sponge gourd 0.0125

Surajlal Sanathdandi

Okra 0.0375 Bottle gourd 0.0125 Sponge gourd 0.0125 Pumpkin 0.0125

Shobhnath Sanathdandi

Brinjal 0.0125 Sponge gourd Kitchen garden Malti Sanathdandi Bottle gourd Kitchen garden Sponge gourd 0.0125 Bottle gourd Kitchen garden Okra 0.0125 Tomato 0.0125 Brinjal 0.0125

Ramnaresh Satduari

Chilli 0.0062 Bottle gourd Kitchen garden Savita Devi Kekrahvakhad

i Sponge gourd Kitchen garden Bottle gourd Kitchen garden Sponge gourd Kitchen garden Cowpea 0.0125 Okra 0.0125 Tomato 0.0125 Brinjal 0.0125

Basmati Kekrahvakhadi

Chilli 0.0062


KVK ACTIVITIESKVKs celebrated World Soil Health Day

World Soil Health Day celebrates the importance ofsoil as a critical component of eco-system and as a vitalcontributor to the human commonwealth through itscontribution to food, water and energy security and as amitigation of biodiversity losses and cl imate change.Therefore, Krishi Vigyan Kendras of Kushinagar, Deoria andBhadohi dis tricts of Uttar Pradesh working under theadministrative control of ICAR-Indian Institute of VegetableResearch, Varanasi celebrated the World Soil Health Day(WSHD) on 5th December 2016 at their respective districtwith an aim to connect people with soils and raise awarenesson their critical importance in their lives.

Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kushinagar celebrated WorldSoil Health Day at Village Deopokhar, Block- Tamkuhiraj inKushinagar dis trict which was inaugurated by Dis trictAgriculture Officer, Dr. Umesh Kumar Gupta in presence ofdistrict’s Agriculture Extension Officer, former Pradhan ShriNathuni Singh of Deopokhar vi llage and more than 400farmers . On this occasion, 125 soil health cards weredist ributed among the farmers of Deopokhar, Sondia,Gangitikar , Awaraon Sofiganj, Bashdila Durjan villages ofTamkuhiraj block. During the inaugural address, Dr. Guptaemphasized the importance of soil testing and requestedthe farmers for adoption of balance dose of fertilizer as per

recommendation of KVK so that the cost of cultivation canbe reduced and crop yields are increased. He also told thefarmers about different programmes implemented by StateDepartment of Agriculture.

Similarly, this World Soil Health Day was celebratedby Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bejwan, Bhadohi at its center whichwas inaugurated by Shri Kedar Nath Singh Ji, Member ofLegislative Council (Varanasi) in presence of Dr. BijendraSingh, Director, ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research,Varanasi. Shri Kedar Nath Singh while discussing the issueson soil health asked the farmers to get aware about theirsoil properties to exploit it in a better cropping system in asustainable manner. He also advocated the differentprogrammes being run by the Central Government for thebetterment of farming community. The Director, ICAR-IIVRalso raised the detrimental soil health issues. He suggestedthe farmers different correc tive measures with specialreference to the application of micronutrients, which mustbe followed during cultivation of the crops. On this occasionsoil health cards were also distributed by the chief guest tothe farmers of different villages. About 110 practicing farmersand farm women participated from more than 15 villages inthis programme.


Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Deoria celebrated World SoilHealth Day at village Bangra of Bankata Block where morethan 125 farmers /farm women from nearby vi llages hadparticipated. Sh. Sanjay Kumar, Block Development Officer(BDO) of Bhatpar Rani Block inaugurated this event anddistributed soil health cards to participated farmers/farmwomen. While address ing the farmers Sh. Kumaremphasized on the importance of soil and maintaining itshealth for more productivity per unit area. He appealed thefarmers not to burn crop residue in their field as they notonly hampers the soil health but also kills valuable micro-organism present in the soil.

EVENTS

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ICAR sponsored 12 days training on“Principles and production techniques ofhybrid seeds in vegetables”

An ICAR sponsored 12 days training course “Principlesand production techniques of hybrid seeds in vegetables”organized at ICAR-IIVR, Varanasi from September 27 toOctober 08, 2016. Hon’ble Secretary DARE and DG ICARDr. Trilochan Mohapatra, as Chief Guest, graced thevaledictory function of training. He appreciated the efforts ofthe organizers to conduct a training programme for thetechnical personnel of ICAR, who are real workforce tostrengthen the research programme. He asked to developtraining module for robust ski ll and entrepreneurship

While creating awareness among the farmers regardingthe effect of crop residue burning in field, importance of soiltesting, availability of nutrient in soil and how to use balancedose of fertilizer in Wheat, Sugarcane, Rabi Maize, Ricecrops, pulses, oilseeds and horticulture crops. Heads andSMSs of all the three KVKs also described the benefit ofresource conservation techniques like sowing of wheat withzero-t i llage machine, turbo seeder etc . Preparat iontechniques of various organic manure and use of bio fertilizer,water soluble fert ilizers etc in different crops were alsodiscussed during this event.

RN Prasad, AK Dube, Rajendra Prasad and AR KumariKVK, ICAR-IIVR, Varanasi


development in agriculture and allied sector as per AgricultureSkill Council of India (ASCI) model. This will help to agricultureeducated unemployed youth to start the new entrepreneurshipin Agriculture sector. A total of 21 participants of technicalcadre working in 14 ICAR institutes in the areas of agriculture/horticulture/vegetables covering 10 states participated in thistraining programme. The Course Director, Dr. B. singh,Director, ICAR-IIVR, stated that this programme wasintended to train the part icipants in the area of hybriddevelopment and techniques of hybrid seed production. Healso informed that during this training programme, a seriesof lectures and practical sessions on various aspects ofhybrid seed production and its principles were conducted.He also acknowledged the support given by ICAR, New Delhi.The training programme was coordinated by Dr. Neeraj Singhand Dr. Sudhakar Pandey.

Neeraj SinghICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research,


Okra Field Day organized at ICAR-IIVRA field day on Okra was organized at ICAR-IIVR,

Varanasi by its Zonal Technology Management Unit on 3rd

October, 2016 to showcase and commercialize the promisingokra varieties and advanced lines developed by the Institute.

The programme was attended by breeders and marketingstrategists from several private vegetable seed-companieslike Syngenta, Mahyco, Ajeet Seed, Nuziveedu, VNR Seeds,Metahelix, etc. The seed-company’s representatives visitedthe okra field of the Institute and appreciated the varieties,hybrids and other advanced breeding lines developed by theInstitute. The representatives critically observed the promisingmaterials and expressed their desire to get some of thepromising advanced breeding l ines, combining virus-res is tance and high-yield. The delegates thoroughlyinteracted with the breeders of the institute and providedvaluable feedback on the current market needs of okra. TheDirector, Dr. B. Singh expressed his keen desire for aneffective collaboration with the private sector in PPP modeto extend the technologies of the Institute into farmers’ fieldwithin the ambit of ICAR guidelines. The Director also assuredthe delegates to develop new technologies in accordancewith the current market and consumer preference and inputsprovided by the representatives. Dr. S.K. Pandey (FormerDirector, ICAR-CPRI, Shimla, HP) was also present on thisoccasion. At the end, Dr. P.M. Singh, Principal Scientistand In-charge ZTMU proposed the vote of thanks.

Gyan P Mishra, Tania Seth, SK Tiwari and PM SinghICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research,


Secretary (DARE) & DG, ICAR visited ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research,Varanasi

Dr. Trilochan Mohapatra, Secretary (DARE) & DirectorGeneral (ICAR) visited ICAR-Indian Institute of VegetableResearch, Varanasi during 08th to 09th October 2016. Healso graced the valedictory function of training on “Principlesand production techniques of hybrid seeds in vegetables”organized at ICAR-IIVR, Varanasi from September 27 toOctober 08, 2016. In his address, he advised organizing ofsuch skil l development training programme for self-employment of the unemployed youth. Dr. Bijendra Singh,Director, ICAR-IIVR, Varanasi briefed the Director General,ICAR about the ongoing activities and achievements of theinstitute, and its impact on farmers’ field.

During interac tion with the staff of the institute, Dr.Mohapatra discussed several important issues includingscientific , administrative, and personnel in length. Whileinteracting with the scientists, he emphasized on developingthe technologies for nutritional security through vegetables,promoting balcony vegetable farming and exploring thepossibilities of exotic vegetable cultivation. He also expressedhis concern over climate change and its impact on vegetableproduction, and suggested that the scientists should initiatework on root-stock breeding to develop multiple stressOkra field day at ICAR-IIVR, Varanasi, UP


tolerant root-stock for grafted vegetables and also stressedfor intensive uti lization of wild-species in pre-breedingprogramme of vegetables.

He also visited the Experimental farm and laboratories,and expressed his satisfaction over the achievements andefforts being made to maintain the germplasm and developvarieties utilizing them. He appreciated the efforts being madeby the institute for waste management and desired theadoption of this model by other ICAR institutes. Dr. B. Singh,Director, ICAR-IIVR expressed his gratitude and sincerethanks to the DG, ICAR and assured to take appropriatemeasures to address the suggestions given by him.



Swachhta Pakhwada organized at ICAR-IIVRSwachhta Pakhwada was organized at ICAR-IIVR,

Varanasi (16-31st October 2016), with the swearing of theSwachhta Pledge (Cleanliness Oath) by the Scientific,Technical, Administrative and Skilled Support Staff of theInstitute under the leadership of Dr. B. Singh, Director, ICAR-IIVR. After the Pledge, Director highlighted the importanceand benefits of cleanliness and hygiene. The staff committedthemselves for at least 100 hours of Cleanliness action ontheir part, in Institute as well as their residential surroundings.During the programme, the institute and its mini campus,ATIC center, training hostel, institute lawns, laboratories,main gate, residential areas and adjoining roads and areasnearby institute were cleaned. One day also devoted to cleanthe individual office rooms as well as weeding out of obsoleterecords. Extensive Cleanliness Drive was undertaken by oneand all during the pakhwada.

Campaign for “Say No to Plastic” for encouraging less/no use of plastic bags was launched both electronically andphysically. Charts/ display boards were installed in and

around Campus premises. Drawbacks and health hazardsassociated with continuous use of plastics in daily life werealso highlighted in this awareness program. As a part of theawareness program, different crop/vegetable residues, ratherthan convent ional burning and thereby polluting theenvironment, are directed to make the compost in the residuemanagement unit of the institute. Accordingly, residues ofokra, bottle gourd and pumpkin after their seed extractionwere extensively used for the vermicompost which is furtherused as an organic manure for sustainable agriculture withoutzero pollution to the environment.

Jaydeep Halder and Suhas KurkuteICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research,


ICAR-sponsored Short Course on “Advancesin Genetic Enhancement of UnderutilizedVegetable Crops”

A ten-day short course on “Advances in Genet icEnhancement of Underutilized Vegetable Crops” sponsoredby Education Division, ICAR was held at ICAR-IndianInstitute of Vegetable Research, Varanas i from 18-27th

October 2016. A total of 19 participants from 08 states of

Swachhta Shapath by the staff members

Cleaning of the institute by the staff


the country attended the training. The training mainly focusedon the importance and genetic enhancement through moderntools and techniques in improvement of underut il izedvegetables. Training was also given on physiological aspectsof different underutilized vegetables under changing climatescenario. Besides, basic and advanced statistical tools fordata analysis were also integrated in the training programme.The trainees assured of promotion, collection, evaluation,genet ic enhancement and ut il izat ion of underuti lizedvegetables across the country to address nutritional security.

The various lectures were compiled as a training manual“Advances in genetic enhancement of underutilized vegetablecrops” which was released by the Director, IIVR, Varanasiduring the function. Dr B Singh, Director and Course Directorin his concluding remarks, emphasized the importance ofunderutilized vegetables in addressing nutritional securityand combat ing the challenges of c limate change. Hereiterated the need to initiate focused research onunderutilized vegetable crops to harness their nutritional andmedicinal potential. Dr JK Ranjan and Dr BK Singh wereCourse Coordinators, and Dr Pragya and Dr SK Tiwari wereCo-coordinators for this Short Course.

JK Ranjan and BK SinghICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research,


Dr. AK Singh, DDG (AE & HS) visited ICAR-IIVR KVK, Bhadohi

Dr. AK Singh, DDG (AE & HS), ICAR, New Delhi visitedKrishi Vigyan Kendra, Bhadohi on 02.11.2016. During hisinteraction with staff of KVK, he suggested that the clusterdemonstration of oilseed and pulses, soil testing and soilhealth card, regular update of act ivities on KVK portal,development of Technology Park, etc should be priority of

the KVK. He also visited the instructional farm of KVK. Dr.B. Singh, Director, ICAR-IIVR, Varanasi welcomed DDG andbriefed about the activities of KVK such as reclamation ofusar soil, seed production of paddy variety CSR-36 and CSR-43.



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Release of training manual “Advances in geneticenhancement of underutilized vegetable crops”.


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Brinjal and Chilli Field Day organized at ICAR-IIVR

Zonal Technology Management Unit of ICAR-IndianInstitute of Vegetable Research (ICAR-IIVR), Varanasiorganized “Brinjal-Chilli Day” on 5th December, 2016 forshowcasing its varieties and hybrids in brinjal and chilli tothe private organizations with the aim to percolate thesevarieties and hybrids on to farmers’ field. The institute isalready licens ing its promis ing technologies on non-exclusive basis for further multiplication and sale of materialsincluding parental lines of the hybrids to the private sector inaccordance with the guidelines provided by ICAR, New Delhi.The program was attended by 19 representatives from 12

private seed companies. The participants expressed theirkeen interest in some of the promising varieties and hybrids.Dr. B. Singh, the Director of the institute while interactingwith the participants expressed his belief that the programmehas enlightened and enriched us with the marketrequirements in these crops and provided an opportunity tothe private sector to have hands on promising material. Heassured on working for an effective public-private partnershipto improve agricultural research so that we can ultimatelybenefit the Indian farmers through commercial, cooperativeand public routes by transferring the developed technologiesto them.

SK Tiwari and PM SinghICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research,


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Printed at : APP Press, 33, Nehru Road, Sadar Cantt., Lucknow-226 002. Tel. : 0522-2481164, 6565333

Editorial Board

ChairmanB Singh

Director, ICAR-IIVR

MembersBK Singh, Shubhadeep Roy and Tanmay Kumar Koley

Member SecretaryNeeraj Singh

Published byB Singh

Director, ICAR-IIVRICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research

Post Bag No.-1, P.O.-Jakhini (Shahanshahpur), Varanasi-221 305, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaPhone: +91-542-2635247; 2635237 Tele-fax: +91-5443-229007

Emails: [email protected], [email protected]

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uhj t fl agHkk-d-vuq-i -&Hkkj rh; l Ct h vuql a/kku l aLFkku] okj k.kl h

RESEARCH UPDATE From the Director’s Desk

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