TITLE:

Transformation in Art Education: Interactive Multimedia as a Tool to Enhance Learning Process in Rural School

By:

AKMAL BINTI AHAMED KAMAL

2013518657

ED702

Contents1.0 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................4

1.1 Background of the study..............................................................................................................6

1.2 Statement of the research problem............................................................................................6

1.3 Research objective.......................................................................................................................7

1.4 Research Question.......................................................................................................................7

1.5 Research hypothesis....................................................................................................................8

1.6 Operational Definitions.................................................................................................................8

1.6.1 Multimedia..............................................................................................................................8

1.6.2 Transformation.......................................................................................................................9

1.6.2 Tool.........................................................................................................................................9

1.6.3 Rural School..........................................................................................................................9

1.6.4 Education.............................................................................................................................10

1.7 Limitations of the Study..............................................................................................................10

1.8 Significance of the study............................................................................................................11

2.0 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................12

2.1 Multimedia in Education..................................................................................................................12

2.2 Element of Multimedia.....................................................................................................................12

2.2.1 Text.............................................................................................................................................13

2.22 Graphic........................................................................................................................................14

2.2.3 Audio...........................................................................................................................................15

2.2.4 Video...........................................................................................................................................17

2.2.5 Animation...................................................................................................................................17

2.3 The Impact of Computer in Education...........................................................................................18

2.3.1 Students.....................................................................................................................................18

2.3.2 Educators...................................................................................................................................19

2.4 Related Theories and Model...........................................................................................................20

2.5 Conceptual Framework...................................................................................................................20

3.0 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................22

3.1 Research Design..............................................................................................................................22

3.2 Population and Sample...................................................................................................................23

3.3 Instrumentation.................................................................................................................................23

3.4 Data Collection.................................................................................................................................23

3.5 Data Analysis....................................................................................................................................23

Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................24

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introduction

A country's future is bright, the quality of a good education system. If the quality of a

country's education system is impaired, it will cause adverse effects on a country's

development. Ministries of education, but the education minister of national education effort

to ensure we remain relevant and internationally accepted. Teachers are an important icon

in the classroom to ensure that students are able to improve their performance.

Implementation of changes must be made immediately either in management, teaching and

learning. Approaches, methods, and techniques used in these lessons can be translated

through change hinges on the acceptance of students.

In the present age of multimedia and ICT intertwined. The explosion of information and

communication technologies (ICT) are in line with the development of education in today's

world. The use of technology in teaching, learning Bahasa Melayu example would be more

interesting, meaningful and productive with the use of multimedia. According to

(Mohammod, 2008), can deliver a multimedia information quickly, accurately and to attract

students to create a fun learning environment. With the advent of multimedia, positive

impact on pupils who have difficulties in reading and writing process will be more

prominent. In addition, the use of multimedia techniques involving voice, sound, pictures,

video and text to create an environment rich in language. Accordingly it, use this medium

more flexible and free for students to get knowledge. Meanwhile, according to (doyle,

2007), computer helps pupils to improve proficiency through the use of systematic

techniques.

According to a collection of data stored by the Malaysian Ministry of Education, there are

no control students 3Rs of reading, counting and writing. However, the ministry believes the

rehabilitation undertaken to help students who suffer from these problems. The ministry has

set up a program called LINUS (literacy and numeracy) where the program in action to

overcome the problematic students since the beginning. In this program, students not only

improve their proficiency, but also teachers claimed to have creativity in the face of these

students. These days the uses of multimedia and information technology affect the

education system. The use of multimedia materials in teaching and learning is good effort.

Each teacher must be creative and innovative capacity in applying these aids. Most of the

teachers are still using the traditional approach is less appropriate in the circumstances of

pupils now. Traditional pedagogical approach more focused on teaching and learning to the

learning of directions. In contrast, the present approach and multimedia technologies are

more focused on two-way learning, where teachers and students will be more open and

stimulate the minds of students. For example, math teachers use interactive multimedia to

use more visual interest to the students and create a more fresh and active. By doing this,

their minds are more open to receiving learning process, especially given the typically quick

read to feel sleepy and tired.

This clearly shows that the use of information technology and multimedia in teaching and

learning has a positive impact. There are several studies that support this statement as yet;

(Hakkinen, 2006)he has proven that the use of power point allows instructors to increase

the briefing guidelines, the pictures and the use of audio and video clips. In this way the

instructor does not have to write on a whiteboard or chalkboard to begin the lesson. This

method is time-saving and can improve the quality of teaching.

1.1 Background of the study

This article will focus on multimedia as a tool to enhance learning process in rural

school. It will focus in using of multimedia interactive as method in teaching process.

Nowadays, technologies and multimedia are very important to our life. In this research,

researcher will more focusing of are of study which is in rural school or suburban school. It

is because the using of technologies in this type of school is decrease compared to urban

school. A tools approach can be used in our learning system in school to make sure

students can collect data and authoring web software to various topic and task. This tool

also can help students learn how to applying the technology to a task rather than the

technology instructed them. (Grabe, 2007)

This research will be support with other research to be stronger. Thus, this paper will

provide an overview on either interactive multimedia can help students or teachers in rural

school to enhance and improve their academic learning and the effects to their learning

process.

1.2 Statement of the research problem

Education systems in the world are now more focused on the advancement of

information technology and multimedia for the development of the following sectors.

Similarly, Malaysia today, many schools began to use these resources in their schools.

According to research by (Abu, 2008)found that the use of such aids in teaching children to

bring new and innovative methods and it can help stimulate a child's mind in order to think

and explore something new . The question now is, does technology and multimedia

learning system used in the school to improve student performance?

Every student wants an open and fun environment in each class they attend. Fun

environment will give them a better understanding and acceptance positively to students.

Several studies have been done to prove this statement. Among the studies conducted by

(Jamian, 2012)he has conducted research and surveys to school to prove the validity of the

study. Results from studies conducted very positive. Some questions have been raised as

to obtain good results, such as “software is able to motivate me to learn” and " software

encouraged me to use their own knowledge." The extent to which the use of multimedia is

used in rural school environments that is similar to a smart school or that urban school?

However, these questions will answer and examined its validity in this study.

1.3 Research objective

The research objectives for this study are:

i) To identify the use of multimedia in improving performance among students.

ii) To examine the use of multimedia in creating a learning active environment

among students in rural school.

iii) To identify multimedia as an effective teaching aid in teaching and learning

process among student.

1.4 Research Question

The research questions for this study are:

iv) What is the use of multimedia in improving performance among students?

i) What are the uses of multimedia to create an active environment among student

in rural school?

ii) What is the effectiveness of multimedia in teaching aid and learning process

among student?

1.5 Research hypothesis

The research hypothesis for this study is:

H1: The students can achieve and enhance their performance through multimedia teaching aid in school.

H2: with using multimedia, students also can adapt and create active environment for their class.

1.6 Operational Definitions

The definitions used in this study are as follows:

1.6.1 Multimedia

Multimedia according to (Marshall, 1999)defined “Multimedia is the field concerned with

the computer-controlled integration of text, graphics, drawings, still and moving images

(Video), animation, audio, and any other media where every type of information can be

represented, stored, transmitted and processed digitally”. Which means that multimedia

is combination of variety tools such as graphic, text, audio, animation and video.

Multimedia also derived from word “multi” that means multiple or variables and “media”

defined as tools that used to represent or do a certain things delivery medium a form of

mass communication, For example newspapers and magazine. (Luaran, 2013).

Multimedia also define as using sound, pictures and film on a computer in addition to

text on the screen. (Steel, New Oxford Dictionary, 2006). In the era of globalization

today, the word is often used in multimedia lead the 21st century. According to (Heinich,

1996), this is the combination of rigid and mobile media to form a teaching program in

formal or informal. For the purpose of this study, multimedia refers to technology in

education use as a tool to improve students’ academic learning.

1.6.2 Transformation

Transformation means a complete or major change in someone's or something's

appearance and form. (dictionary, 2014) In education system also need a change from

decades to decades for achieve their national philosophy of education. The terms of

transformation is derived from word transform, it is means to change completely,

especially in a way which improves and the transformation a noun word. (Steel, New

Oxford Dictionary, 2006). Transformation is based on the change in the shape or

appearance. (Vocabulary.com, 2014). Change into someone or something different, or

the process by which this occurs, this also means transformation by (Dictionary, 2009)

Transformation in these terms would include the interactive multimedia development in

learning process such as gain knowledge, fun, create new environment and useful

information that related to academic.

1.6.2 Tool

Tool is a piece of equipment such as screwdriver that you hold. (Steel, New Oxford

Dictionary, 2006). In this research context, tools are the term that equipment we can use

for example, in this research the tools that use is computer and software. It related with

this research because before research start, researcher must know the tools that will use

for the research because it will help to make the research smoothly run.

1.6.3 Rural School

According to (Steel, New Oxford Dictionary, 2006) rural is connected with the country

and not the town. It also has same meaning with suburban and rustic. Suburban means

not in town in Malay it is called “luar Bandar”. Rustic is typical of the country or country

or the country people or simple. In Malay it is called “desa”. Rural school is the school

that located in country or not in town. These terms are suitable with this research

because researcher used respondent from rural school.

1.6.4 Education

The teaching or training of people especially in schools it is called education. (Steel,

New Oxford Dictionary, 2006). Education also can define as the changes that happen or

make towards human for the sake of education and transformation in their system. The

changes include of thinking, physical and mental. From the changes of three factors, it

will become a healthy change (Daia, 1975). For the purpose of this study, education is

related to this research it is because interactive multimedia will used in education field.

1.7 Limitations of the Study

There are some limitations to this study; first limitation is the respondents are only limited to

form four students. The respondents may not give a full cooperation during the research it

is because of the limitations that they have. Secondly is the limitation of this study are the

number of sample that researcher use is to small and not enough. From this amount of

sample researcher only can get result based on the research that give to them. Many

samples should use to make the conclusion strong. Thirdly is the place that study will

conduct. The researcher will conduct this research at Sekolah Kebangsaan Beserah,

Kuantan Pahang. This research only focuses on this school and not represents the rest

population. This study only focuses in rural school. Besides that, the distribution of the

sample is also one of the problems. Since the researcher uses non-random sampling which

is the purposive sampling, the samples do not have equal chances of being selected. The

materials to perform might be inadequate.

1.8 Significance of the study

Study on the role of Interactive Multimedia as a Tool to Enhance Learning Process in rural

school. There is significant of student’s is to identify the use of multimedia in improving

performance among students whether interactive multimedia can help students to increase

their performance or decrease. If the performance increase it is prove that the interactive

multimedia is one of way to increase student’s performance. The significance of this study

is to examine the use of multimedia in creating a learning active environment among

students in rural school. From the multimedia software that researcher used in this research

can make students active and comfortable with their environment. Besides that, this study

is to identify multimedia as an effective teaching aid in teaching and learning process

among student. The Effectiveness in using multimedia in teaching process compare to

conventional method of teaching. Besides that, students can explore new method of study

that can change their education process. Nowadays, multimedia and ICT is very important

to us to more competitive especially in education. Thus, the students would have the

opportunity to officially apply these services in their academic learning and at the same

time, it might enhance their academic performance through the innovative learning process.

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Introduction

This study will explore the Transformation in Art Education focusing on interactive Multimedia as

a Tool to Enhance Learning Process. The main objective of this chapter is to identify the use of

multimedia in improving performance among students, to examine the use of multimedia in

creating a learning active environment among students in rural school, and identify multimedia

as an effective teaching aid in teaching and learning process among student. This is followed by

deeper discussion on learning theories related to multimedia in education. The second part

focused on element ofmultimedia. The others part is the impact of computer in education and

the theories and model are related.

2.1 Multimedia in Education

Heading in the 21st century, the use of multimedia is very important in education. Among the

reasons is the paradigm shift in the use of educational development system behaviorism to

cognitivist and to constructivism.

2.2 Element of Multimedia

In a multimedia application, basically the elements of multimedia are divided into two, it is static

(objects that do not move) and dynamic (objects that move or change). The element of

multimedia contains five components or basic elements. It is text, graphic, audio, video and

animation. All of this element can be save in their own format and can be import or export to

another programmed that will support the programmed.

Figure 2.1: Multimedia Elements

2.2.1 Text

According to (Jamaludin, 2000) Text is the basic component in multimedia. Texts bring their

own means story and it is a key for communication idea. text not only provides information to

the audience but the layout of the text, the font used to deliver the message to the audience on

a multimedia application. text should also be able to help the audience understand and help

users to use applications from one topic to another topic. Text is divided into two, namely text

reading and text as visual images. Text also used in the headings and sub-headings, menus

and message communication, giving direction and guidance as well as the content.

There are four types of text printed text, text scanning, electronic text and hypertext. Text is the

text as printed in the book. This text can be typed using word processing software or programs

like Microsoft word, Kingsoft and so on. Scanned text is a text that was scanned using a

scanner. Using electronic devices such as in printing a book or manuscript is called electronic

text. The word 'hyper' refers to the process of connecting a text to be more interactive in the

form without linear, quick and intuitive. Hypertext created by ted nelson in 1965. It give evidence

or further information and to reinforce the dimensions of the text. Hypertext commonly used is

as hotwords, hotspots and buttons.

a) Hotwords is text colored with another color or it is underlined and it has the

characteristics of hypertext that incorporates other information. It would be to

go to a different page or another box.

b) Hotspots are associated with photos and visuals. It is similar to the function

hotwords. For example when we move the cursor to the file it can give more

information about the image.

c) The buttons are a number of important applications in the multimedia

interactive. There are guidelines or instructions indicated on each of the

buttons to help users.

To form an interactive multimedia with text, there are several things that need to be emphasized

to help the software effectively. Item is the text layout in the software, text length and legibility of

the text. (Kadir, 2008)

2.22 Graphic

Graphic images are the key in multimedia. It makes an application is interesting and interested.

Graphic image also design for a wide range of topics and information. Buttons and icons in the

application of multimedia in the graphic element instance. This graphic image function in

multimedia is to explain the concept, to illustrate and elaborate charts, as a continuation of the

application, the communication of corporate image and culture as well as the simulation

environment and local illustrations. They help to illustrate ideas through still pictures. There are

two types of graphics used is bitmaps (paint graphics) and vector (draw graphics). (Kadir, 2008)

Vector graphics are drawn on the computer and only require a small amount of memory. Vector

composed of lines, curves, boxes, circles, polygons, and other forms associated with graphics.

These forms can be filled with color and pattern, can be created, modified, its size without

affecting image. Vector images are clearer and not jagged. Software commonly used to form a

vector image is Adobe Illustrator and CorelDraw.

Bitmaps images are real images that can be captured from devices such as cameras or

scanners. Bitmaps image composed of a matrix of small boxes on a computer screen or printer

called pixels. Each pixel has its own color. The bitmaps image depends on the resolution of a

set number of pixels. If it raised or printed in high resolution it will look like the picture of broken

and jagged. Use software like Adobe Photoshop and fractal design painter is a program that

helps create this bitmap image.

Figure 2.2: Vector versus Bitmap

2.2.3 Audio/Sound

According to (Jamaludin, 2000) A multimedia application may require the use of speech, music

and sound effects. Sound is something that is important to attract the attention of consumers in

an application in multimedia. Without a sound or presentation software will be uninteresting and

silent. The used of background voice intonation to emphasize that the message conveyed

effectively. Sound used should also suit the environment so that it is no exaggeration. It also

strengthens the interaction between the audiences to convey implicit or explicit. Sound

knowledge is essential in the selection of a good sound for the software. Acoustics is the

scientific name for the sound. Vibration of an object in water or air and analog wave form is

called sound. Music produced when bouncing vibration of the eardrum, the sound is received

and reflect vocal chord. These are called audio or the sound element. There are two basic types

of audio or sound: analog and digital audio.

Analog audio refers to the original sound signal. Analog sound is produced when we are able to

detect sound waves and converts it into electrical signals. This signal is processed by the

amplifier and sent to the speakers’ sufficiency and produce sound. Analog signal will vary

according to the time sequence. Sound waves based on frequency and amplitude of the sound.

Number of cycles per second is called the frequency of vibration waves. Furthermore, while the

amplitude is the height of the sound received.

Digital audio refers to the digital sampling of the actual sound. The sound used in multimedia is

digital audio. (Kadir, 2008)

Figure 2.3: Analog and Digital Sounds

2.2.4 Video

Video is an important element to have an impact on multimedia applications. There are various

factors that consider video as a crucial element. It is able to maintain the authenticity or quality

without losing any data. In addition, video can also edit and add effects sophisticated and

interesting. Create interactive presentations and used as teaching aids during training and can

save you time and energy. It also can contribute to the industry in the production process and

demonstrate new product virtual version before being processed. However, these digital video

files are large in size. Transferring these files can take a long time especially when using the

Internet. (Kadir, 2008)

2.2.5 Animation

Animation is a process of making a static image look like it is moving. In multimedia, digital

animation is used (Kadir, 2008). Animation means giving life to an image. Animation is a way to

add the illusion of a shape for it appeared as if in motion. Animation can simulate the behavior

of the real situation, attracting the attention of on-screen content and visual impact. This

element can also be made of a rigid graphical presentation of the more interesting and more

dynamic so that users can get faster. Animation can be done in the form of 2-D and 3-D.

Computer animation uses traditional animation concepts but also it is done by computer. 2D

animation refers to creating movements in basic objects. These objects are put into various

situations or positions and have movement on the screen. 3D animation refers to creating

movements to three dimensional digital objects from photographs. Movements like spinning and

flying across the screen are some samples of animations.

Figure 2.4: 2 Dimensional Image And 3 Dimensional Images

2.3 The Impact of Technology in Education

Development of technology in today's very fast and robust. This also includes The Education

system today. It leaves a big impact on education. Action Ministry of Education which makes

use of various teaching aids such as laptop computers, compact discs, use a variety of learning

educational software and other teaching aids. Teaching and learning is the main focus of

national education management at either the primary or the secondary school level. Thus, the

management education at both the state and national level are always looking for alternative or

the best methods of teaching and learning in order to enhance the ability of a process of

teaching and learning. The use of technology in the classroom more effective than conventional

methods. According to (Schwier, 2003) supports this statement and said that the technology

has been proven to increase productivity, increase their motivation, indirectly support teaching,

teaching is unique abilities and improve information literacy. Government has provided various

tools of information and communication technology facilities in schools.

2.3.1 Students

The impact of technology on students in school is mostly positive impressions. not only on a

high level as high school from pre-school even more use of multimedia technologies such as is

used in learning and teaching. According to (Majid, 2012) software multimedia material can

certainly have an impact on the moral values in the process of identity formation in children.

This is seen from the description and examples shown in the software applied by the

respondents in their lives. The students at the school consist of various ethnic, cultural, religious

and lifestyle is quite different according to socioeconomic status and family background. These

will affect the personality of students in schools especially in the realm of personal development

towards pre-teens and teens. adolescents is characterized by paradox, trying to intimacy but

fear and always avoid; rebel if controlled but need guidance and structure; not given full

autonomy but often act like mature adults; so selfish, but having to deal with the social needs.

(Corey, 2002)

2.3.2 Educators

Not only had the students who would be affected by the technology in the education system, but

teachers also affected spared. This is because, every technology-based teaching requires

teachers are skilled and trained to lead a class. Impact of these technologies also has a positive

impact on a teacher when dealing with learning session and to get out of class. If the availability

of technology-based learning, teachers can leave the teaching to just play the application and

students can resume their sessions without teachers in the short term (Abdullah, 2004).

However according to a study conducted by eight researchers Rosen and Weil (1995), Winnans

and Brown (1992), Dupagne and Krendl (1992) and Hadley and Sheingold (1993), once

advanced computers, but it must be completed with a variety of useful software such as

"hardware" and "software" that can help teachers improve their efficiency in maximizing the

ability to manipulate the computer. With this increased teacher confidence and easier for them

to pour their experiences and help the students to be prepared to use a computer. technology

also helps and allows the teacher during lessons, that teachers can spend syllabus, better than

traditional teaching methods, not boring and its use provides many benefits (Daud, 2000)

2.4 Related Theories and Model

Theory and models used in the research of multimedia and technology is Elton models and

cognitive theory of multimedia.

2.5 Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework for this study is shown in Figure 2.4 and it illustrates how the

variables used in this study which is educational technology are related with learning process.

Figure 2.5: Conceptual Framework

In this study, students‘perceptions towards interactive multimedia, the use of multimedia in

creating a learning active environment among students in rural school and multimedia as an

Students

Interactive Multimedia

Academic Learning Process

Learning Environment

Use

Influences

Affect

Influences

effective teaching aid in teaching and learning process among student process will be

investigated in depth. These three variables will perceive the literal role of interactive multimedia

in improving form four students‘in Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Beserah academic learning.

As shown in Figure 2.5, the use of interactive multimedia in academic will influence

students‘academic learning processes as well as their created an active learning environment.

These factors will affect the students either in positive or negative way. Thus, this study intends

to see the role of interactive multimedia towards students‘academic. Use influences affects

learning process. In this study, the use of interactive multimedia in academic field is believed to

give impact on students learning process.

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.0 Introduction

This chapter will discuss the following; Research Design, Population and Sample,

Instrumentation, Pilot Study, Data Collection, and Data Analysis Plan.

3.1 Research Design

This is a qualitative and quantitative research; it is called mixed method research. According to

(Teddlie, 1998) defined as mixed model studies as those that combine qualitative and

quantitative approaches within several different phases of the research processes. This study

employed a survey research and experimental study. The design was meant to identify the use

of multimedia in improving performance among students in rural school, to examine the use of

multimedia in creating a learning active environment among students in rural school and to

identify multimedia as an effective teaching aid in teaching and learning process among student.

Students from Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Beserah, Kuantan, Pahang have been chosen

as the samples for this study and a set of questionnaires and experiment of interactive

multimedia was used as the instrument in the research to gather the data needed.

3.2 Population and Sample

The population for this study will be all students form four in Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan

Beserah, Kuantan. This study used nonrandom sampling methods to choose respondents. Non-

probability sampling is the selection of participants because they are available, convenient, or

represent some characteristic the investigator wants to study. Instead, non-probability sampling

is a process where the samples involved do not have equal chances of being selected. In non-

probability sampling has three samplings methods, which is systematic sampling, convenience

sampling and purposive sampling. In this research, the samples are selected based on the

purposive sampling. The purposive sampling is based on previous knowledge of a population

and the specific purpose of the research. This method also is to target a particular group of

people, whereby for this research is form four students are the respondents from Sekolah

Menengah Kebangsaan Beserah. This sampling technique is chosen as the objective of this

study is to identify the use of multimedia in improving performance among students. All of the

respondents consist of students from various fields such as science streams and social

sciences since they were randomly selected. The sample sizes for this study are 110

respondents.

3.3 Instrumentation

The instrument used for data collection in this research study is questionnaire, experiment and

interviewing session.

3.4 Data Collection

3.5 Data Analysis

All the data obtained from the questionnaire, experiment and interviewing session were

collected and analysed to provide answers to the three research questions for the study.

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