How to write a Research Proposal

Group # 7

Tayyaba Yasmin

Tahira Akbar

Syed Suliman

Presented by:

How to write a Research Proposal

Why all this fuss about a detailed

proposal for my study before I even begin?. Things are going to change once I get

into the study!

That is true. Changes are

inevitable. But a little thought now will save you a lot of grief later on!

Research Proposal

1. Title page & table of contents 2. Introduction 3. Statement of the problem 4. Scope of the study 5. Objectives of the study 6. Hypothesis or research questions 7. Literature Review8. Procedure of the study 9. Limitation and delimitation of the study

10.Bibliography

Steps in Developing Research Proposal

Agenda of Presentation

IntroductionIntroduction

4. Research Questions or Hypothesis4. Research Questions or Hypothesis

2. Scope of the Study2. Scope of the Study

3. Objectives of the study3. Objectives of the study

5. Definitions5. Definitions

1. Problems to be investigated1. Problems to be investigated

• A plan of action

• A prerequisite for Research investigation

What is a Proposal?

–It communicates researcher’s intentions, makes clear the purpose of intended study, its justification & provides a step by step plan for conducting the study.

What is a Proposal?

• A written Plan of a Study

---The Research Proposal identifies problems, states questions or hypotheses, identifies variables and define terms.

---The subjects to be included in the sample, the instrument to be used, the research design chosen, the procedures to be followed, how the data will be analyzed----all are spelled out in some detail.

What is a Proposal?

Introduction should provide the background of the research study.

• Introduction may include a few subsections.

• Introduction should be clear.

Introduction of the Research Proposal

• Research proposal should include four basic components in its introduction.

(A) Meaningful presentation of the study.(B) Background of the study.(C) Statement of the main issue of the study.(D) Importance of the study.

Introduction of the Research Proposal

• The purpose states succinctly what the researcher proposes to investigate.

• The purpose should be a concise statement, providing a framework to which details are added later.

Purpose of the Study

Justification for the StudyJustification for the Study

Key questions to ask yourself at This point:Have I identified the specific research problem I

wish to investigate?Have I indicated what I intend to do about this

problem?Have I put forth an argument as to why this

problem is worthy of investigation?Have I made my assumption explicit?

Problem to be Investigated

Statement of Statement of The problemThe problem

Significance Significance Of the studyOf the study

Research questions

or Hypothesis

Definition of Terms

Problem to be Investigated

• “A problem might be defined as the issue that

exists in the literature, theory, or practice that

leads to a need for the study” (Creswell, 1994,

p. 50).

• Effective problem statements answer the

question “Why does this research need to be

conducted.”

Statement of the Problem

• Normally a research statement should satisfy the following criteria:

(i) state the key variables included in the study,

(ii) state relationship between variables,

(iii) state population to which results would be applicable,

(iv) avoid redundant words, and

(v) use only acceptable scientific terms.

Statement of the Problem

Scope of the Study

Significance of the study contains three paragraphs based on three questions:

• Why the study is important?

• How the study is important?

• For whom the study is important?

Scope of the Study

Significance of the study contains three paragraphs based on three questions:

• Why the study is important?

• How the study is important?

• For whom the study is important?

Objectives of the Study

• Objectives should be clearly stated and specific in nature.

• Each sub objective should delineate only one issue.

• Action oriented words such as, “to determine”, “to find out”, “to ascertain” in formulating sub objectives, which should be numerically stated.

• Objectives should be attainable, measurable, achievable and testable.

Research Questions or

Hypotheses

• Questions are relevant to normative or census type of research.

• Questions are most often used in qualitative inquiry.

• Hypotheses are relevant to theoretical research and are typically used in quantitative inquiry.

• All key terms should be defined.

• In a hypothesis testing study, these are primarily the terms that describe the variables of the study.

• The researcher’s task is to make his/her definitions as clear as possible.

Definitions

• How To Design And Evaluate Research IN Education,2006,The McGraw Hill Companies. New York.

• Research Methodology, Sage publications

• Educational Research, Allama Iqbal open University

• WWW.des.emory.ed/.mpf/proposal.html

References

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