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ABSTRACT

Nowadays, computer technologies have a great impact when we teach English.

This project proves that students think using computer technology improve their

skills. It means, listening, reading, writing and speaking and motivates to learn the

language better than a traditional class. Using questionnaires and interviews, this

research shows interesting results that help to understand what students think

about the uses of computer technology in class.

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COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY IMPROVE AND MOTIVATE STUDENTS

TO LEARN ENGLISH

The best metaphor for the computer technology is the jungle; the jungle provides

an endless source of sustenance and delight to those who know their way in it. To those

who do not, it is a dark and impenetrable maze, full of changes and unpredictable

menace. In like manner, the computer technology offers infinite resources for the people

that like to practice their English. For those unfamiliar with it, however, it can be a

treating presence, characterized by total lack of structure, full of potential predators.

The second believe is technology will not turn bad teachers into good teachers. It

will not be a magic potion that will turn uninterested or unwilling students into eager

and rapid learners of languages. But technology will make available to skilled teachers

and keen learners a range of tools and resources to augment the traditional classroom

learning environment.

1.1.Reason for Choosing this topic:

The principal reason and the most important at the same time is that it is

essential to integrate effective use of computer technology into typical practice in

language teaching, not just to enhance or extend existing practice, but to change

practice. Clearly, change is only acceptable when it can be demonstrated to make

learning more effective. Computer technology is transforming the way we live and to

suggest that teaching can stand apart is to ignore the potential of existing and emerging

technology.

1.2. Importance of the topic:

Development of computer technologies includes also the use of the Internet

and its popular interface, the World Wide Web is part of an emerging and

evolving global information industry. Users access the Web through a navigator

or browser that is rapidly redefining the form of a graphic user interface to

online information. This in turn, is impacting on traditional media such as

broadcast television, newspapers, books and magazines. In 1996, commercial

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interest in the Internet increased significantly. Where this will lead to is as yet

unknown, but existing trends indicate opportunities for education to use the

functional capacity of what emerges. One of the trends is computer platform

software independence which would allow software to be used via the Internet

on any computer, regardless of the type. Another outcome of growth in Internet

use is that networked educational services can now be accessed from locations

outside of educational institutions.

Technology has come of age as a language teaching resource which can

potentially provide bridges to the target language and culture. We risk

technology becoming just another discarded enthusiasm (Leal Report 1991)

unless language educators and policy makers address the following challenges:

Use of technology in harmony with current and best language and

language learning theory;

Availability of appropriate technology at the delivery and language

learning sites;

Student and teacher training in using technologies that enhance

language teaching and learning.

1.3. Research problem:

The problems that we consider to explain is: Do Students think

computer technology improve their skills (Listening, writing, speaking and

reading) and motivate for learning English better than a traditional class

(without technology)?

II. Literature Review

2.1. Technology

A new technology does not add or subtract something. It changes

everything.

... What we need to consider about the computer has nothing to do

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with it is efficiency as a teaching tool. We need to know in what ways it

is altering our conception of learning, and how, in conjunction with

television, it undermines the old idea of school (Postman 1992, pp. 18

19)

Over the past several decades, technology has become a fixture in

many homes around the world, and its influence has permeated into all

facets of our lives, including educational settings. This phenomenon has

been called by many as the wave of the future in which language

instruction will be driven by new advances in computers, the Internet,

and mobile technologies. However, how we go about integrating

technology into our classrooms can have a huge impact on whether a

technologically-driven classroom succeeds or fails, even with low-tech

solutions.

Definition of technology:

The National Board of Employment, Education and Training

(Australia, 1996) said the term technology has acquired chameleon-

like properties in society. A brief definition will not suffice to cover the

complexity and inter-relatedness of all that this term currently

encompasses. It is more appropriate to consider the attributes of

technology which include:

Technology includes:

o Objects: artifacts or apparatus (hardware) devised by,

manufactured by, and employed in the service of people.

o Processes: technical activities that include the development and

use of skills, procedures, routines, and techniques designed by

people to achieve a planned outcome. Included in these processes

is the software needed to support hardware. Technological

processes are generally distinguished from other forms of human

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activity by their planned, programmed, sequential, outcome

oriented form.

o Systems: organizational structures that result from and/or rely on

objects and processes. These include bureaucracies; multinational

companies; quality circles; computer conferences; production

lines; organizations that produce, market and maintain services

and products and networks.

o Knowledge: once closely linked to manufacturing, technology is

now better identified by the capacity to develop and use

knowledge needed to create new artifacts, processes and systems

and to market that knowledge internationally. This is knowledge

drawn from accumulated experience. Use of technology does not

necessarily require technological knowledge, but its development

does. Technological sophistication resides more with the know

how than with manufacturing.

On the other hand UNESCO (1985) defines technology as "...the

know-how and creative processes that may assist people to utilize tools,

resources and systems to solve problems and to enhance control over the

natural and made environment in an Endeavour to improve the human

condition."

In summary we can say that technology involves the purposeful

application of knowledge, experience and resources to create processes

and products that meet human needs. The needs and wants of people in

particular communities determine the technology that is developed and

how it is applied. People judge the popularity of technological

applications by their impact on health, personal well- being and lifestyle,

education, economies and ecosystems.

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Role of technology in education:

Paul Steninger (2002) said: Technology is playing an

increasing role in education. As technology advances, it is used to

benefit students of all ages in the learning process. We can say that

technology advances benefits students in many different ways.

Nowadays, in the case of teaching languages, technology has become a

very important tool for the teacher that can help students to make easy to

understand the language better. Technology has also become part of

many curriculums, even outside of computer and technology classes.

Students use computers to create presentations and use the Internet to

research topics for papers and essays.

On the other hand, Randall Davis (2006), teacher of English

Language Institute, University of Utah, said: as for teachers, we need

to think beyond the box and determine, step-by-step, what technology

can do for us to support---not supplant---our teaching goals.

Fortunately, educators can be very chameleonic with the right tools and

training, and can adapt their teaching styles to new situations. Another

thing that we have to consider is the uses of technology, as a tool, not

supplant a teacher in the class. Sometimes, students think technologies

can supplant teachers, so as teachers we have to be carful using

technologies in class

Advantages of using technology:

Li Wang (2005) said technology has dramatically changed the way

people gather information, conduct research and communicate with

others worldwide. Also, she considers the intercultural exchange

because of the use of technology when students learn English.

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On the other hand, Richard Kern (2006)said that the advantages of

using technologies are:

Extend access to educational resources

Deepen understanding by making abstract concepts visible

Assist learners in organizing and analyzing information

Amplify students' means of expression

Promote collaborative learning

Enable students to develop polished products through cycles of

revision.

In summary, we can say that the main advantage of using technology is

creating a great way to communicate with people in different cultures. For

instance, the Internet offers a worldwide learning environment that makes

distance communication fast and affordable. By using the Internet, cross-

cultural cooperative groups can be developed., So while last ten years,

teachers thought foreign language students to write essays and read

magazines. Now, we must teach them to write e-mail and conduct online

research. Thus, integrating technology into language classrooms is

inevitable.

Technology as a tool for teacher:

According to Lynne Schrum (2005), technology is a tool that

can change the nature of learning. Technology provides educators with

the opportunity to move from simply streamlining the way things havealways been done to really imagining things they would like to do.

According to these ideas, be aware that technology is just a tool, and

designing creative instruction is the key to successfully integrating

technology into classrooms. To do this, teachers must first know what the

technology can do for language learning:

o Word processing: is a great way for students to engage inwriting, prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, saving, printing,

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o Publishing students work: Computer technologies make

students work easy to publish in multiple ways, such as in

newsletters, flyers, Web pages, CD-ROMs, etc.

o Communication through the Internet: While language is for

communication, the Internet has broken down communications

distance barrier. Therefore, students can build up partnerships

with learning peers in target languages through the Internet.

2.2. Computer Technology:

Why use computer technology in learning English?

According to Doug Bruce and Angela Bird (2006), there are two

reasons for using computer technology in English.

First there are the benefits to teachers and students from including

computer technology in any learning area:

For students, technology can:

be very motivacional

be the source of a significant amount of reading material Be fun - and when it's fun you learn!

help students to produce excellent published work

For teachers, technology can:

Allow for the easy production, storage and retrieval of prepared

materials such as certificates and work required sheets.

free up communication with other teachers

help teachers to find information easily

Assist good teaching but not replace it.

Secondly, there are the challenges and opportunities presented by

computer technology that make it an increasingly important part of

English in particular. These include:

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The emergence of new kinds of texts and the consequent need to

teach students to create and use these texts effectively;

Changing social practices associated with communicating via

computers and the consequent need to teach students how to make

judgments about appropriate use of different avenues of

communication;

The pervasiveness and power of texts created through computer

technology and the consequent need to teach students to be critical

readers and viewers of such texts.

In summary, we can say that the advantage of using computer

technology is for both, the teachers and the students. However, we

have to consider that in the case that teacher or students dont use

computer technology in a good way, this can cause a great problem

since of students computer technology can be a distracter because

sometimes students can focus in another things for example when they

use internet, they can focus in chat, playing games, etc. In the case of

teacher, computer technology can be a problem if they dont know how

to manage.

2.3. Internet:

What is internet?

According to Gordon Lewis (2006) is a worldwide system of

computer networks - a network of networks in which users at any one

computer can, if they have permission, get information from any other

computer (and sometimes talk directly to users at other computers).

The www is as diverse as human experience and with its

graphical interface and ability to integrate text, sound, video, and pictures

in a communicating environment.

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Also, Elvis Wagner, Teachers College, Columbia University,

said: the Internet is a great Challenger to teachers; however, we do

not have to confuse as a replacement for classroom teaching. Only when

the internet is combined with activities according to the class does it

reach it is enriching potential.

Internet, Instructional tool or motivator?

According to Kerry Lynn Rice (2008), the internet as an

instructional too, is a vast resource that has the capacity to improve

teaching and learning in a multitude of ways. Think of this site as a

portal to activities and resources that can enhance your own teaching

and learning through the use of this remarkable tool. .

On the other hand, Johnny Lee said that internet as a motivator is

most popular among students as they are often associated with fun and

games. Student motivation is therefore increased, especially whenever a

variety of activities are offered. This in turn makes students feel more

independent.

We can say, the internet can be used a as tool and motivator too,

for the reason that internet in one way helps teacher to give extra

information and exercises that can be used in the classroom. And in the

other hand, it can be used as a Motivator because nowadays, students

feel more motivated due to the dynamical activities enriched by graphics

and animations to help students solve real-life problems that offer

internet.

2.3. Motivation:

A large body of research during the last decade is oriented

towards measuring student motivation in the digital era. Motivation in

itself is not clearly defined; there is no agreed notion of what comprises

motivation as well. However, in this graphic we can see different kinds

of motivation that help us to understand better what motivation is.

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On the other hand, Larry c. Bernard and Michael Mills (2006) said: motivation

is defined as purposeful behavior that is ultimately directed toward the fundamental

goal of inclusive fitness

In summary, we can say that motivation is the set of reasons that determines one

to engage in a particular behavior. In the case of learning we can say that motivation is

ways to stimulate a student to focus and pay more attention in the class using different

activities or tools. We can say that motivation is motion towards goal.

III. Hypothesis:

The first hypothesis that we want to prove is Students think computer

technology improve their uses of skills better.

And the last hypothesis is that students thinkcomputer technology motivates

to learn the language better than WHEN doing some activities without

using computer technology.

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Source: Ryan, Richard and Deci Edward, Intrinsic and

extrinsic motivations: Classic Definitions and New

Direction 2000. University of Rochester


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IV. Design:

4.1. Theory:

The purpose of the project was to prove that students can improve

and be motivated using computer technologies better than a traditional class

(without computer technology). Computer technologies are tools that teacher can

use to do the class more interesting. This study aims to record the interviews

about what students think in relation to computer technologies and also mental

representations about how students consider the uses of this tool.

4.2. Sample:

4.2.1. Participants:

The participants of this project are divided in two groups. In the

case of the interviews, we worked with students of Advanced 2.

On the other hand, in the case of the questionnaires, we surveyed

50 students from intermediate 4 until advanced 4.

4.2.2. Reasons for which this sample was chosen:

We decided to choose students from intermediate and advanced

level for the reason that they already knew how the process of learning

English is and because the level of the questionnaires and the

interviews are for people that know the language better than basic

students.

4.3. Action Plan:

4.3.1. Questionnaire:

The questionnaire was applied at the beginning of the class in students of

Advanced 01, 04 and intermediate 06. First, teacher of the classroom

introduced me, and then I explained to the students the reason why I was

there. After, I gave the questionnaires to students and asked if anyone has

a question, and finally I came back at the end of the class to collect the

questionnaires.

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4.3.2. Interviews:

The interviews were done in the final days of the course 25th and

27th on February because teacher divided classrooms in two

groups for the oral exams.

First, the teacher introduced me, then I explained to the students

the reason why I was there and what I was going to do. So the

plan was that after students finish the oral exam with the teacher,

one by one had to come to me in total were 15 interviews.

V. RESEARCH:

The subject of my research was advanced 2. There were nineteen students between

12 to 27 years old. The class belongs to regular program1. The time schedule was at

2:00 3:45 p.m. The research was implemented on February 2009.

VI. ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

6.1. Interviews:

In the interviews I had two punctual questions. The first question

isDo you think that your English improves when you use computer technology

as for example internet or when you go to multimedia lab 2? And the second

question Do you think that computer technology is more motivating than a

traditional class? As for example in these two interviews we can see some

answer that the majority of students said:

Third Interview (Appendix 3)

Me: Well, My first question is do you think that you improve your

English when you use computer technology as for example internet or

when you go to multimedia lab?

Student 3: Yes, because it helps me to study better the language and

because computers makes easier the things to learn English.

1 Regular Program: Monday to Friday.2 Multimedia LAB: Is a special place in which students practice their English using Computers and

different programs that help in grammar, vocabulary, listening, reading, etc.

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Me: ok, now my second question is do you think that computer

technology is more motivating than a traditional class?

Student 3: Of course yes, but especially is because when we use internet

for example we are more concentrate because is more dynamic, games,

and for how they present the exercises to practice. Also, when teacher

uses videos from internet, helps a lot to focus on the class.

Me: oh, that is a good answer, so thats all, thank you very much bye.

Seventh Interview (Appendix 03)

Me: Now, I have two questions for you, my first question is do you think

that you improve your English when you use computer technology as for

example internet or when you go to multimedia lab?

Student 7: Yes, because I can be better in listening and be a better

student for example when I go to multimedia lab I practice a lot of

exercises that I can not do it in the book.

Me: ok, my second question is do you think that computer technology is

more motivating than a traditional class?

Student 7: I think that using computer technology makes me focus on

more in the class, it is more interesting, I feel more involve in the task

that teacher give us

Me: Why more involve?

Student 7: because I am more concentrate and pay more attention and

participate more when teacher asks questions.

Me: ok, that is all, thank you very much for your participation.

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The results of all these interviews present similar answers and the

general points that students said are:

First question:

In this case, students said that multimedia labs and the use

of internet are more dynamics that means they like to do or

practice exercises. In multimedia lab, there are lots of exercises

presented in different contexts that they can practice as for

example: practice vocabulary about using as a context at the

restaurant or at the hospital that help students to get the

language better. Also that multimedia and internet are very useful

and organized way to learn new skills. Students said that feel

more comfortable.

One of the advantages that students said about multimedia

lab and internet are that students can correct different mistakes

when they practice exercises, so students can see what are wrong

and correct the exercises.

In addition, Students go to multimedia lab and internet

because they want to have better results in their exams. They care

about having good grades and as a consequences feeling

motivated to continue studying English.

And finally, students said that sometimes they have to be

careful using multimedia lab or internet because it can be as a

distracter for the reason that sometimes students can focus in

different things like videos, music, chat, etc.

According to these answers, we can prove that students

use multimedia lab and internet to improve their English. This

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means that these tools help student to use and manage the

language better

Second Question:

On the other hand, the second question was about

motivation and students said that task is easier when it is

presented using computer technology (power points, internet, etc)

and as a consequence they feel more motivated and focus better

on the task. In contrast, when teacher doesnt use the computer or

the internet students feel boring and in some cases they spend

their time in different things like talking to their friend or playing

something for not to feel boring. Also, using computer

technologies in students, generate more participation and as a

consequence more dynamism in the class.

We can prove that students feel more motivated when

teacher uses computer technology, they participate more, they are

more active students it means that they are more autonomous and

use the language more to improve their English.

Mental Representation:

Our memory never matches the real world perfectly, because

stored mental representations are not perfect. Mental representations have

some sensory qualities, for example: in your imagination, you can make a

walk through your house. Recent studies using brain imaging have shown

that during mental imagery most brain structures are active as if subjects

are really experiencing or acting. You use your mental representation

when you are thinking of what has happened at a specific place, and

when you look in advance. For example, when someone asks you to

show him the way, you use your mental representation to mention the

name of the streets and the distances.

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In the interviews, I gave a paper (see on Appendix B) with five

different words (Class with technology, Motivation, Internet, class

without technology and improve) so students had to write another

words related to that ones, it means represent what means for them.

Results of all these interviews were done following the Abrics

technique. In this technique Abric divides the chart in four different parts

in which shows how is represented the mental representation, The first

one (in the upper left) is the most important and the word that is repeated

in almost the interviews. The second word (in the upper right) has a high

frequency but it has a low importance for the student. The third word (at

the bottom left) has a low frequency but it has a high importance for the

student and finally the last word (at the bottom right) has low frequency

and low importance for the student. In this research, the chart is divided

in three parts because students wrote three words for each one (Class

with technology, Motivation, Internet, class without technology and

improve) With this approach, I organized all the answers of the students

in different charts showing interesting results about what students think

about the uses of computer technology. Using a chart that they had to do

in the interview, the conclusions are:

1. Class with Technology: Is more interesting

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Easier

Computers.

High Importance Low Importance

High Frequency

Low Frequency

2. Motivation:

In this chart, the results of all the interviews are that for

them they related class with technology with a class more

interesting, more dynamical in other words that helps to

focus on the class. Then the second word that is high

frequency is easier that means that for them is easier to

understand a class when teacher uses technology and

finally students relate class with technology with

computers, it means the uses of internet, power points or

another program that helps students to understand better

what teacher explains in the class.

Is more

interesting

Easier

Computer

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Help

Stimulate

Funnier


In this case students relate motivation as help for them. In this

case Help means make easier or facilitates the understanding when

they are learning, in this case the understanding of what teacher

explains in the class. Also, the second word that has high

frequency is stimulate, relating to computer technology they feel

more stimulate if teacher uses a different tool (computer

technology) that stimulate students to focus and to pay more

attention in the class. And finally the last word that is related to

motivation is funnier, this mean that if the class is motivated is

because is funnier and students like to be in an environment that is

comfortable and funny.

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High Frequency

Low Frequency

3. Internet:

Information

Communication

Entertainment


High Frequency

Help Stimulate

Funnier

The majority of students relate internet especially withinformation it means that for them, internet is a tool to search

information that can help in many things and also show that

students are autonomous because they find by their own extra

information that help to improve their English. In the case of

learning English, internet helps students to give a variety of

information that improves their knowledge in the language. The

second word is Communication; this means that student relate

internet to a way of communication with different people

interchange different customs, cultures, etc. In the case of

learning a language, internet help students to communicate in

another language in this case English. Finally the third word

that is related to internet is Entertainment (videos, listen music

from internet, watch movies, photos, etc) so, this is because the

majority of students interviewed are teenagers so for them this

is another reason why they like to use internet.

Information Communication

Entertainment20


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Low Frequency

4. Class without technology:

Boring

Not

motivating

Dont easy

to

understand


High Frequency

Low Frequency

5. Improve:

Better

Self Improvement

Achieve goals

Students in this case relate class without technology with boring,

they think this because they feel not motivating in the class that

is the second interpretation of students and finally dont easy to

understand that is the last word so all these words are related

because using computer technology motivates students to

participate and to focus more in the class, and help students also to

understand better what teacher does in the class.

Boring Not

Motivating

Dont easy to

understand

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High Frequency

High Frequency

6.2. Questionnaires:

After handing out 50 questionnaires to students from level intermediate 04 to

advance 6 we can say:

In this case, students relate improve with better, this means that be better

or to progress in a good way in all the skills. Another word related to self

improvement is also self improvement, this mean to be a better student

and finally achieve goals. This means that improving skills, students can

achieve goals. These goals are basically have good grades in the

classroom.

Better Self

Improvement

Achieve

Goals

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Students think that a traditional class it means doing activities in the classroom

like role plays, posters, etc are more interesting than studying with computer

technologies. As we can see (graphic N01), so we can prove that students can

do activities without depending in computer technologies. Nevertheless, in the

graphic N02, students said that computer technology motivates to get involve in

learning activities, so this mean that we can stimulate students using computer

technologies to focus on the activity that they have to do in class (role play,

design posters, etc) and not necessarily use computer technologies to do the

activity that teacher has to do in class.

Graphic N01

A Traditional class (some activities or games that teacher makes in

classroom) is more interesting than studying with computer technology like

internet, games in computer, etc.

In this case, they have to use a scale:

Strongly Disagree Slightly Disagree Slightly Agree Strongly Agree

A B C D

The results are:

o Strongly Disagree: 06

o Slightly Disagree: 10

o Slightly Agree: 22

o Strongly Agree: 12

Graphic N02

23

0

5

10

15

20

25

StronglyDisagree

SlightlyDisagree

SlightlyAgree

StronglyAgree


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The use of computer technology in the classroom

Motivates to get more involved in learning

activities:

The results are:





On the other hand, students think the use of computer technology in the

classroom is an effective tool to improve all skills (see graphic N03). So this

means students can acquire new knowledge using computer technologies as part

of the process of learning English. So, we can prove that students can improve

their skills using effectively the computer technology. And as a result, the use of

computer technology as a help for students to improve skills (graphic N03).

However as we can see in the graphic N 04, students improve more in listening

skill for the reason that this skill is for them the most difficult that they have to

deal when they learn English.

Graphic N03

The use of computer technology in the

classroom

Is an effective tool to improve all skills

(speaking, writing, reading, listening)

The results are:

24

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Strongly

Disagree

Slightly

Disagree

Slightly

Agree

Strongly

Agree

0

5

10

15

20

25

StronglyDisagree

SlightlyDisagree

SlightlyAgree

StronglyAgree


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o

Slightly Agree: 12o Strongly Agree: 36

Graphic N04

Computer technology helps in

learning English?

The results are:





Graphic N 04

What Skill do you practice more when you use computer technology?

25

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

StronglyDisagree

SlightlyDisagree

SlightlyAgree

StronglyAgree


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Listening ______ Reading: _______

Speaking ______ Writing: _______

The results are:

Listening: 33

Speaking: 06

Reading: 07

Writing: 04

VII. CONCLUSION:

Finally, we can say that computer technology can improve and motivate

students, according to the results of the interviews and questionnaires, is possible to say

first:

Computer technology improves students in the process of learning for the reason

that student feel they progress and acquire new knowledge when they use this

tool (when they go to multimedia lab or when they are on internet).

However, it will be interesting to do another research problem to see, what kind of

software students like to study with? And what the distracter are for them when

students use computer technology. For the reason that these questions were not too

much developed in this project.

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0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Listening

Speaking

Reading

Writing


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Lewis, Gordon. 2003. The internet and Young Learners. Alan Maley

Warschave, Mark, Shetzer Heidi and Meloni Christine. 2006.

Internet for English Teaching. Longman publisher

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Language Learning Technology: http://llt.msu.edu./

o Hoven Debra. 1999.A Model For Listening And Viewing

Comprehension In Multimedia Environments

http://llt.msu.edu/vol3num1/hoven/index.html

o Maja Grgurovi and Volker Hegelheimer. 2008.Help Options And

Multimedia Listening: Students Use Of Subtitles And The

Transcripthttp://llt.msu.edu/vol11num1/grgurovic/default.html

o Ramrez Dolore s Verdugo andBelmonteIsabel Antonio. 2007. Using

Digital Stories To Improve Listening Comprehension With Spanish

Young Learners Of English

http://llt.msu.edu/vol11num1/ramirez/default.html

o Roever Cartern. 2001. Web-Based Language Testing

//llt.msu.edu/vol5num2/roever/default.html

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o Wagner, Elvis. 2006. Using Digital stories to Improve listening

comprehension with Spanish young learners of English

http://llt.msu.edu/vol11num1/wagner/default.html

Bernard, Larry and Mills Michael. 2006.

http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/submitted/etd-09012001-

132144/unrestricted/01chapter1.pdf

Blake, J. Robert.2003. Technology, Multimedia, And Second Language

Learning

http://www.mhhe.com/socscience/Passport/spotlight.htm

Bruce, Doug and Bird, Angela. 2006. Information and Communication

Technologies

http://wwwfp.education.tas.gov.au/english/technology.htm

Connor, Dixie. 2008. Better Students through Technology

http://www.educationworld.com/a_tech/tech149.shtml

Dyck, Brenda. 2008. Using Technology to Bridge Understanding For Foreign-

and Second-Language Learners

http://www.educationworld.com/a_tech/columnists/dyck/dyck027.shtml

G. Jeffrey MacDonald. 2007. Computers are a drag of learning

http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/1206/p11s01-legn.html

Kern, Richard and Warschauer, Mark. 2000. Theory and Practice of

Network-Based Language Teaching

http://www.gse.uci.edu/person/markw/nblt-intro.html

Martinea Pamela. 2008. Teaching with technology

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http://www.csba.org/NewsAndMedia/Publications/CASchoolsMagazine/200

8/Fall/InThisIssue/TechMain.aspx

National Board of Employment, Education and Training

http://www.dest.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/09800E13-5FBC-4F47-BF25-

1D2D33778B5C/3972/96_31.pdf

Poole, Bernie.2006. What Every Teacher Should Know About

Technology

http://www.educationworld.com/a_tech/columnists/poole/poole015.shtml

Randall Davis. 2006. Utopia or Chaos? The Importance of technology

on language teaching.

http://iteslj.org/Articles/Davis-ImpactOfTechnology.html

Rice, Kerry. 2007. The Internet as an Instructional Tool

http://edtech.boisestate.edu/elearn/

Schurm, Lynne.2005. Technology as a Tool to Support Instruction

http://www.educationworld.com/a_tech/tech/tech004.shtml

Steninger,

Paul.2008. The Role of Technology in Education

http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Role-of-Technology-in-Education&id=1745666

Wang, Li. 2005. The Advantages of Using Technology in Second

Language Education

http://www.thejournal.com/articles/17296

Web Stany. 2004.ICT In Language Teaching In 6 Points

http://www.itiscannizzaro.net/Ianni/articles/rationale.htm

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Webb Allen. 2007. Teaching English Using the New Technologies

http://homepages.wmich.edu/~acareywe/engl5970.html

Ryan, Richard and Dec,i Edward , Intrinsic and

extrinsic motivations: Classic Definitions and New

Direction 2000. University of Rochester

http://inrhode.uri.edu Harackiewicz, Judith M

APPENDIX

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APPENDIX N01

QUESTIONNAIRE

Age: _______________ Cycle: _______

Gender:

Female: _____

Male : ____

When on line learning you like to use: (1 to 6) number the following proposition from

1 to 6, 1 being what you believe to be the most important and 6 the least

Videoconferencing ____ Blog _________ e mail

_______

Discussion lists _____ Chat _________ standard

Exercises_______

First Part

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Using the scale provided, please put a check() to say how you agree or disagree with

the following statements regarding the use of computer technology in the classroom and

multimedia labs:

Strongly Disagree Slightly Disagree Slightly Agree Strongly Agree

A B C D

1. - A Traditional class (some activities or games that teacher makes in

classroom) is more interesting than studying with computer technology like

internet, games in computer, etc.

A _____ B____ C____ D____

The use of computer technology in the classroom

2. Promotes the development of communication skills (e.g., writing and

presentation skills).

A _____ B____ C____ D____

3. Is an effective tool to improve all skills ( speaking, writing , reading,

listening)

A _____ B____ C____ D____

4. Motivates to get more involved in learning activities.

A _____ B____ C____ D____

Explain Why:

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.

.

.

.

.

.

5. Computer technology helps in learning English?

A _____ B____ C____ D____

Second part

1. - What Skill do you practice more when you use computer technology?

Listening ______ Reading: _______

Speaking ______ Writing: _______

2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using computer technology

in learning English?

Advantages Disadvantages

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APPENDIX N02

MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS

Class with

technology Motivation Internet

Class without

technology Improve

APPENDIX N03

INTERVIEWS

Wednesday 25th, February 2009

First Interview:

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Me : Hi how are you? What about your oral exam.

Student 1: It was good, but I need to practice more.

Me : ok, now, I would like to help me ok, , now I am going to give you

five words and then you have to write in a paper all the words that come

to your mind immediately ok that is for each word. For example, the

words Teacher, then you have to give me words related to teacher.

Student 1: oh ok, no problem.

(Then I give the paper and she writes all the words that comes to her

mind)

Student 1: I finished, can I go to my sit?

Me: Wait a minute please, I have to two questions for you and then you

can go ok?

Student1: Ok no problem

Me: My first question is do you think that you improve your English

when you use computer technology as for example internet or when you

go to multimedia lab?

Student1: Yes, because internet or multimedia lab are more dynamics

and because is easier to do the examples

Me: ok, good, now my second question is do you think that computer


Student 1: yes, I think that computer technology presents the things

easier than when a teacher presents without using anything related to

computer

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Me: ok, thank you and now you can go to your sit.

Second Interview:

Me: Hi, how was your exam?

Student 2: hmm, I think that it was easy, I studied so, I did not have

problems.

Me: ok good, now I dont know if you can help with my research

Student 2: ok, no problem, but its going to be quick no?

Me: Of course not more that 5 minutes. Now I am going to give you five

words and then you have to write in a paper all the words that come to

your mind immediately ok that is for each word. For example, the words

Teacher, then you have to give me words related to teacher.

Student 2: ok, I got it

(Then I give the paper and he wrote all the words that comes to his mind)

Student: Ok, I finished something else?

Me: Oh yes, I have two questions for you, and then you are free.

Students: ok, but be hurry please, because I need to go.

Me: Ok, my first question is do you think that you improve your English



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Student 2: oh yes, because computer technology help me to study better

English and help me to be better in all the skills especially in listening

and reading ,because using videos or reading instructions help me a lot

to focus on that skills.



Student 2: Yes, because when a teacher doesnt use computer

technology, the class is boring and too dynamical, and in my case, I start

to do other things and dont pay attention to what teacher says.

Me: oh really, so what things do you do when you dont pay attention to

the teacher?

Student 2: well, exactly, talk with my friend or play with my cell phone.

Me: oh, well, that is all, you can go, you are free now.

Student 2: bye.

Third Interview:

Me: Hi, how was your oral exam?

Student 3: Actually, it was kind of difficult, because I didnt study, and

because my essay was from internet and teacher noticed that.

Me: Oh really, well you have to be a little more responsible and original

when you are doing an essay. Ok. Now I dont know if you can help with

my researchis about computer technology.

Student 3: ok no problem.

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Me: I am going to give you a word and then you have to write in a paper

all the words that come to your mind immediately ok. For example, the

words Teacher, then you have to give me words related to teacher.

Student 3: as a dictator.

Me: yes that is a good example


Student3: Thats all no?

Me: No, you have to answers two question and that is all.

Student 3: ok no problem

Me: Well, My first question is do you think that you improve your



Student 3: Yes, because it helps me to study better the language and

because computers makes easier the things to learn English.



Student 3: Of course yes, but especially is because when we use internet

for example we are more concentrate because is more dynamic, games,

and for how they present the exercises to practice. Also, when teacher

uses videos from internet, helps a lot to focus on the class.

Me: oh, that is a good answer, so thats all, thank you very much bye.

Student 3: bye, see you

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Fourth Interview:

Me: Hi! How was your oral exam?, It seems that was easy for you no?.

Student 4: oh yes, I feel a little nervous but then I felt secure.

Me: ok, good for you, now I dont know if you can help with my

researchis about computer technology. Its going to take no more than

5 minutes.

Student 4: Ok, no problem, I have a lot of time.

Me: well, I am going to give you a word and then you have to write in a

paper all the words that come to your mind immediately ok. For example,

the words Teacher, then you have to give me words related to

teacher.

Student 4: ok that is easy.

(Then I give the paper and she wrote all the words that comes to her

mind)

Me: hmm I see that you finish really faster than the other students

good. Now I have two questions for you and that is all.

Student 4: Ok, no problem

Me: Good, my first question is do you think that you improve your



Student 4: That is true; because I can study better and I can show my

skills especially in vocabulary

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Me: And, why vocabulary?...

Student 4: because that is the best thing that I can do it, and because I

like to learn a lot of vocabulary.

Me: Ok, now my second question is do you think that computer


Student 4: Yes, because I pay more attention to the class and because its

more interesting to use another material that we can work, you know, it is

more dynamical, how the exercises are presented. And of course when

teacher uses power points or something similar, I think that is more

organized and easier to understand.

Me: Ok, thank you very much for your helping, thats all.

Student 4: ok, bye.

Fifth Interview:

Me: hi! What about your oral exam? You took a lot of time with the

teacher.

Student 5: Oh yes, my topic was really interesting so I talked many

things about that.

Me: Oh, that is good, now I would to help me with my research project is

about computer technology. Dont worry; this interview is going to take

no more than five minutes.

Student 5: oh really?, good because I need to do many things.

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Me: ok no problem, now I am going to give you five words and then you

have to write in a paper all the words that come to your mind

immediately ok that is for each word. For example, the words Teacher,

then you have to give me words related to teacher.


mind)

Student 5: Ok that is all right?

Me: Of course yes but you have to answer two questions and then you

can go.

Students 5: ok no problem

Me: My first question is do you think that you improve your English



Student 5: Yes, because I can study better and also because I notice my

mistakes and that help me a lot.

Me: Ok and my last question is do you think that computer technology is


Student 5: Yes because it is not boring, also because I learn new things

that are not in the books and finally because its more interesting when

teacher explain something, especially grammar, using internet.

Me: Oh really? Teacher uses internet to explain grammar?

Student 5: Yes, and that is interesting because help me a lot and because,

sometimes grammar is no too easy.

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Me: oh ok, well thats all and thank you very much for your patience.

Student 5: ok bye.

Sixth Interview:

Me: Hi! How was your oral exam?

Student 6: that was quite difficult because I was thinking in other things

that I have to do in my house.

Me: Oh ok, well, Can you help with my research project. It is jus for few

minutes?

Student 6: oh ok is going to be easy right?

Me: of course yes, now I am going to give you five words and then you

have to write in a paper all the words that come to your mind

immediately ok that is for each word. For example, the words Teacher,

then you have to give me words related to teacher.

Student 6: ok.

(Then I give the paper and he wrote all the words that comes to his

mind)

Students 6: ok something else or you need my help?

Me: of course yes, I have two questions for you and then you can go. My

first question is do you think that you improve your English when you

use computer technology as for example internet or when you go to

multimedia lab?

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Student 6: Yes because helps me to learn more, also to be better student

and finally because Its more easy to understand and quicker



Student 6: oh yes, in some cases it is possible because we participate

more, and focus on the lesson. Because generally, we don pay too much

attention when he writes something on the board because its too boring

and difficult to understand.

Me: oh, well I see that you are busy, you can go, thank you very much.

Student 6: Ok no problem.

Seventh Interview:

Me: Hi, How was your oral exam? I suppose that it was good

Student 7: Yes of course, why not?

Me: ok, now I would like to help me in my research project that is about

computer technology

Student 7: ok no problem, is going to be easy right?

Me: yes, you dont have to be worry, its going to be easy, Now, I am

going to give you five words and then you have to write in a paper all the

words that come to your mind immediately ok that is for each word. For

example, the words Teacher, then you have to give me words related to

teacher.is clear?

Student 7: yes, no problem

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(Then I give the paper and he wrote all the words that comes to his

mind)

Me: Now, I have two questions for you, my first question is do you think

that you improve your English when you use computer technology as for

example internet or when you go to multimedia lab?

Student 7: Yes, because I can be better in listening and be a better student

for example when I go to multimedia lab I practice a lot of exercises that

I can not do it in the book.

Me: ok, my second question is do you think that computer technology is


Student 7: I think that using computer technology makes me focus on

more in the class, it is more interesting, I feel more involve in the task

that teacher give us

Me: Why more involve?

Student 7: because I am more concentrate and pay more attention and

participate more when teacher asks questions.

Me: ok, that is all, thank you very much for your participation.

Friday, 27th February 2009

First Interview:

Me: hi, how was your oral exam, I see that you wrote a lot of things in

your essay, and I say also that teacher made a lot of questions.

Student 8: Yes, my topic was kind of interesting and I investigate a lot of

things.

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Me: ok, good for you, now It is possible to help me please? It is for my

research project about computer technology.

Student 8: ok No problem.

Me: Well, , I am going to give you five words and then you have to write

in a paper all the words that come to your mind immediately ok that is for

each word. For example, the words Teacher, then you have to give me

words related to teacher.any question?

Student 8: No, its clear for me, no problem.


mind)

Me: Now, I have two questions for you and then you can go my first

question is do you think that you improve your English when you use

computer technology as for example internet or when you go to

multimedia lab?

Student 8: Yes because I can study better, you know is easier, and

because I have better results in my exams, so that makes me feel good.

Me: An interesting answer, now my last question is do you thinks that

computer technology is more motivating than a traditional class?

Student 8: Yes, because stimulate to focus and pay more attention to the

class, especially when teacher uses power points or when he shows some

pictures from internet, that helps a lot, when I have a problem with a

vocabulary, teacher shows pictures to make understand better

Me: ok, thank you very much, that its all

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Student 8: Good luck with your research.

Me: thanks..,

Second Interview:

Me: Hi, how was your oral exam? It seems that you were a little nervous.

Student 9: yes, because sometimes, I forget some words when I speak

especially when is an exam.

Me: Ok, no problems relax, this is not an exam, is just an interview, now

I am going to give you five words and then you have to write in a paper

all the words that come to your mind immediately ok that is for each

word. For example, the words Teacher, then you have to give me

words related to teacher.


mind)

Me: Now I have two questions for you and then you are free. Ok

Student 9: ok, but sure that is not an exam?

Me: No, is not an exam is just an investigation, no more. Ok, my first



multimedia lab?

Student 9: Yes, because I can be better student and study better English

Is easier, understandable and present a lot of exercises that we can

practice.

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Me: well, and my last question, do you think that computer technology is


Student 9: Of course yes, because it is more dynamic, and because we

participate more in the tasks that teacher does in the class and because we

dont sleep in class.

Me: Do you sleep in class when the class is not motivating?

Student 9: Yes, because the schedule is really heavy for us, you know

come here after the dinner, is not good

Me: ok, thanks that is all.

Third Interview:

Me: how was your exam? It was difficult or easy.

Student 10: Oh it was normal, not too difficult and not too easy.

Me: ah ok, so I dont know if you can help with my research about

computer technology, is not going to take a lot of time.

Student 10: ok no problem.

Me: I am going to give you five words and then you have to write in a

paper all the words that come to your mind immediately that is for each




mind)

Student 10: I finished that its all or you need something more.

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Me: Yes, actually I have two questions for you and then you can go-. My

first question is do you think that you improve your English when you

use computer technology as for example internet or when you go to

multimedia lab?

Student 10: yes, because computer technology as for example when I go

to multimedia lab presents a lot of exercises that I can practice, so, that

helps me a lot and I can study better English practicing grammar,

vocabulary and listening for example.

Me: ok, now my last question is do you think that computer technology is


Student 10: logically yes, because that encourage me to learn more and

more, and because it is more interesting and comfortable to see a teacher

using slides or practicing some exercises from internet that helps to make

understand better

Me: Ok, that is all, thank you for your patience and good luck for the

next course of advanced 03

Student 10: thank you, I say the same for you

Fourth Interview:

Me: Hi! Sorry for this inconvenience, Its going to be quick, is for my

research project from the methodology course,

Student 11: ok no problem

Me: Well, I am going to give you five words and then you have to write

in a paper all the words that come to your mind immediately that is for

each word. For example, the words Teacher, then you have to give me


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Student11: But, if dont know what to say?

Me: Take it easy, the words that I am going to give you are easy to relate

to some thing that you like.


mind)

Me: Well, these two questions and we finish. My first question is do you

think that you improve your English when you use computer technology

as for example internet or when you go to multimedia lab?

Student 11: well, I think yes because, I can study better, it means practice

more exercises, that helps me to be also a good student in the class. Of

course using adequately the multimedia lab or internet because in some

cases we can focus in another things

Me: ok, now my last question is do you think that computer technology is


Student 11: yes because, that helps to understand better is an effective

class in other words for visual students helps a lot because is easier you

know for example designs of how the activity is presented by the teacher.

Me: ok, thanks very much, that is all

Fifth Interview:

Me: Hi, well thank you to be here, as you listen I think, this interview is

for my research project from the methodology course. So, I am going to

give you five words and then you have to write in a paper all the words

that come to your mind immediately that is for each word. For example,

the words Teacher, then you have to give me words related to teacher.

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Student 12: Ok, is going to be easy right?

Me: You dont have to worry about that. Is Papallita


Me: Ok now, I have two questions for you and then you can go. My first



multimedia lab?

Student 12: Yes, because that exercises from multimedia lab and internet

are very dynamical and useful because help me to learn the language

better

Me: ok now my last question is do you think that computer technology is


Student 12: yes, because is easier to understand, because when teacher

doesnt use computer technology, we dont pay attention to the class and

it is more boring especially in this schedule that is really heavy.

Me: ok that is all thank you very much for your participation.

Sixth Interview:

Me: Hi, well this is going to be quick, its not going to take a lot of time.

So, I am going to give you five words and then you have to write in a

paper all the words that come to your mind immediately that is for each



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Student 13: ok, but is easy right?

Me: Yes, you dont have to worry.


Me: Now I have two more questions and finish ok. My first question is

do you think that you improve your English when you use computer

technology as for example internet or when you go to multimedia lab?

Student 13: Yes, because when I studied in multimedia lab or go to

internet to study, my grades are better, so I like to practice more and

more.

Me: Ok and my last question is do you think that computer technology is


Student 13: Yes because teacher makes the class funnier than when he

uses just the board, which is not motivating, it is interesting the class also

when he plays music or videos, which makes the class more dynamical.

Me: ok thank you very much, that is all.

Seventh Interview:

Me: Hi, how was your oral exam? Easy, difficult, terrible or good

Student 14: Well, sincerely kind of difficult because I didnt study

Me: well, you dont have to be worry, you will be in the same situation

the next month, and in that case you are going to study. Well, I am going

to give you five words and then you have to write in a paper all the words

that come to your mind immediately that is for each word. For example,

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the words Teacher, then you have to give me words related to teacher.

Ok any question

Student 14: no, by the moment not.


Me: Now I have two questions and you are free to go to study if you

wish.

Student 14: Yes of course, to study.

Me: Ok, my first question is do you think that you improve your English



Student 14: Yes, because that helps me to learn more vocabulary, and

because in multimedia lab has a lot of exercises that we can practice and

to be a better student.

Me: Now the last question is do you think that computer technology is


Student 14: Yes, because it is more interesting to focus on the lesson,

there are more games so in my case I like games and I participate a lot if

teacher present games. Sometimes, teachers have to use new tools to

stimulate students and using computer technology I think that is a good

way to stimulate students.

Me: ok, that is a good answer, that is all, thank you very much.

Eighth Interview:

Me: Hi, you are the last one, how was your oral exam?

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Student 15: It was good, but you know you are not going to have too

much time; the bell is going to ring in 3 minutes.

Me: ok no problem, this is not going to take a lot of time. Well, I am

going to give you five words and then you have to write in a paper all the

words that come to your mind immediately that is for each word. For

example, the words Teacher, then you have to give me words related to

teacher.


Me: Now I have two questions and then you can go to enjoy that you

finish this cycle. So my first question is do you think that you improve

your English when you use computer technology as for example internet

or when you go to multimedia lab?

Student 15: Yes, I think that using computer technology as internet or

multimedia lab help to improve our skills, especially in grammar and

listening.

Me: Ok my last question is do you think that computer technology is

more motivating than a traditional class

Student 15: yes, because its obvious when teacher uses internet for

explain something , we as students fell more involve in theme, so that

stimulate to pay more attention to the class and to be more concentrate on

what we have to study.

Me: ok, that is all, thank you very much and enjoy your vacations, bye.

Research Project Al Fin....!!!!

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Transcript of Research Project Al Fin....!!!!