Research Process Overview (1)
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Business Research
Methods (BRM)Dr Seema Garg
AIBS
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Research Process
Overview
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LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. What is business research
2. How does it impact business decisions
3. Types of Business Research
4. Overa process of Business Research!. How research activities can be used to address
business decisions
". #now when business research shoud and
shoud not be conducted
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$ana%eria &aue of BusinessResearch
There are ony a few businessorientations' – (roduct)oriented
– (roduction)oriented
– $ar*etin%)oriented
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When is Business Research +eeded,
The determination of the need forresearch
centers on'
1. Time constraints
2. The avaiabiity of data
3. The nature of the decision to be made
4. Bene-ts versus costs the vaue of theresearch information in reation tocosts/
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0eterminin% When toonduct Business Research
• Wi the payo or rate of return be worth the investment,
• Wi the information improve the uaity of the mana%eriadecision enou%h to warrant the ependiture,
• 5s the ependiture the best use of the avaiabe funds,
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Business Research (rocess
communicatin% the -ndin%s
and theirimpications
anay6in%data
searchin% forand coectin%information
probemde-nition
idea and theorydeveopment
) Business research hepsthe decision ma*in% process
of an or%ani6ation) Business research isscienti-c research process) 7ppication of scienti-cmethod in searchin% for the
truth about businessphenomena.
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Research 0esi%n 8ormuation
Research0esi%n
8ormuation
9iteratureReview
0ata5nterpretatio
n
Hypotheses:upport
ReportWritin% ;
(resentation
:u%%estHypotheses
8ormuationof Research
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7ppied and Basic BusinessResearch
Applied Researchdirecty addresses theprobem at hand.
9aunched by the -rm=a%ency= or
individua facin% a speci-cprobem.
Basic Research is %eneraynot reated to a speci-cprobem
does not address the needsof a speci-c or%ani6ation.
its -ndin%s cannot beimmediatey appied.
EXAMPLE • :houd $c0onad>s add 5taian
pasta dinners to its menu,• Which heath insurance panshoud a business provide forits empoyees,
EXAMPLE • 0oes empoyee tenure with a
company in?uenceproductivity,
• 0oes the ?eibiity atwor*pace reduce productivity,
7 : f th : i ti-
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7 :ummary of the :cienti-c$ethod
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Types of BusinessResearch
Uncertainty Infuences the Type o Research!onducted
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:ta%es in the Research(rocess• 5nterin*ed (rocess sta%es'
1. 0e-nin% the research ob@ectives
2. (annin% a research desi%n
3. (annin% a sampe4. oectin% the data
!. 7nay6in% the data
". 8ormuatin% the concusions and preparin%
the report• 8orward in*a%eAearier sta%es in?uence ater sta%es.
• Bac*ward in*a%eAater sta%es in?uence earier sta%es.
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:ta%es of the Research (rocess
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"lo#chart o theBusiness
Research$rocess
+ote' 0iamond)shaped boes indicate sta%es in the research process in which a choice of one ormore techniues must be made. The dotted ine indicates an aternative path that s*ipseporatory research.
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0e-nin% the ResearchOb@ectives• Research ob@ectives
– The %oas to be achieved by conductin%research.
• 0eiverabes – The consutin% term used to describe
research ob@ectives to a research cient.
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41C
8ormuation of Research
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Dporatory Research Techniues
• (revious Research
– 9iterature review
• 7 directed search of pubished wor*s= incudin% periodicasand boo*s= that discusses theory and presents empirica
resuts that are reevant to the topic at hand. – (iot :tudies
• 7 sma)scae research pro@ect that coects data fromrespondents simiar to those to be used in the fu study.
• (retest
– 7 sma)scae study in which the resuts are ony preiminary andintended ony to assist in desi%n of a subseuent study.
• 8ocus Froup
– 7 sma %roup discussion about some research topic ed by amoderator who %uides discussion amon% the participants.
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:tatements= ResearchOb@ectives= and Research
Hypotheses
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(annin% the Research0esi%n• Research 0esi%n
– 7 master pan that speci-es the methodsand procedures for coectin% and
anay6in% the needed information. – Basic desi%n techniues for descriptive
and causa research'• :urveys
• Dperiments
• :econdary data
• Observation
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0ecision Whether the Research is Dporatory oroncusive
Research 0esi%n 8ormuation
:ituationa 7naysis
Dstimation of the &aue of the 5nformation
:eection of 0ata oection 7pproach
:eection of the $easurement and :cain% Techniue
:eection of the :ampe and :ampin% (rocess
:eection of the $ode of 7naysis
Dvauation of the Dthics of the Research
Dstimation of Time and 8inancia Reuirement
(reparation of Research (roposa
(rimary 0ataoection
:econdary 0ataoection
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:eection of the Basic Research
$ethod
• :urvey – 7 research techniue in which a sampe
is interviewed in some form or the
behavior of respondents is observed anddescribed.
• Teephone
•$ai
• 5nternet
• 5n person
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:ampin%
• :ampin%
– 5nvoves any procedure that draws concusionsbased on measurements of a portion of the
popuation.• :ampin% decisions
– Who to sampe,Atar%et popuation
– What si6e shoud the sampe be,
– How to seect the sampin% units,
• Random sampe
• uster)sampe
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Fatherin% 0ata
• Gnobtrusive $ethods – $ethods in which research respondents
do not have to be disturbed for data to
be %athered.
7cuire 0ata
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42!
7cuire 0ata:eection of 8ied Wor*ers
Trainin% of 8ied Wor*ers
0ata oection $ethod
(rimary 0ata oection:econdary 0ata oection
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(rocessin% and 7nay6in%0ata• Dditin%
– 5nvoves chec*in% the data coection forms foromissions= e%ibiity= and consistency incassi-cation.
• odes – Rues for interpretin%= cate%ori6in%= recordin%=
and transferrin% the data to the data stora%emedia.
• 0ata anaysis – The appication of reasonin% to understand the
data that have been %athered.
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Hypotheses :upport
0ata oection
Hypotheses
8indin%s
Hypothesis on-rmed
(roceed for Report and (resentation
Theoretica 8ramewor*E7naytica $ode
ustify the Re@ection
Revise 7naytica $ode
Hypothesis Re@ected
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0rawin% oncusions and (reparin% aReport
• :teps in communicatin% the research -ndin%s' – 5nterpretin% the research resuts
– 0escribin% the impications
– 0rawin% the appropriate concusions for mana%eria
decisions
• Reportin% reuirements – oncusions fu- the deiverabes promised in the
research proposa
–onsider the varyin% abiities of peope to understandthe research resuts
– 7 ceary)written= understandabe summary of theresearch -ndin%s
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The Research (ro%ram:trate%y• Research pro@ect
– 7 sin%e study that addresses one or a smanumber of research ob@ectives.
• Gses speci-c techniues for sovin% one)dimensiona
probems= such as identifyin% customer se%ments=seectin% the most desirabe empoyee insurance pan=or determinin% an 5(O stoc* price.
• Research pro%ram – +umerous reated studies that come to%ether to
address mutipe= reated research ob@ectives. – Because research is a continuous process=
mana%ement shoud view business research at astrate%ic pannin% eve.
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What Business Research 5s +ot
• Business Research isn>t information%atherin%' – Fatherin% information from resources such boo*s
or ma%a6ines isn>t business research. – +o contribution to new *nowed%e.
• Business Research isn>t the transportationof facts' – $erey transportin% facts from one resource to
another doesn>t constitute business research.
– +o contribution to new *nowed%e athou%h thismi%ht ma*e eistin% *nowed%e more accessibe.