Research Paper
-
Upload
precy-delfin-villa-agustin -
Category
Documents
-
view
96 -
download
1
Transcript of Research Paper
![Page 1: Research Paper](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081907/5474f7b2b4af9fd34f8b461e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
I. Executive Summary
II. Introduction
Taxicabs of the Philippines are one of the modes of transportation in the
country. They are regulated by the Department of Transportation and
Communications (DOTC) and by the Land Transportation Office (LTO). The
taxicabs there vary from models and uses. Most taxicabs have yellow colored
license plates, taxi signs, LTFRB Registration number, and taximeter, which is
mandatory in every cab.1
Taxi operation from its humble beginning up to its booming industry today
partakes in the flourishing economy of the country. Taxi industry became one of
the sought-after businesses of Filipinos. Taxis played an important role in the
lives of the people as a faster mode of transportation compared to a public utility
jeepney (PUJ), which follows a specific route and served number of commuters.
However, together with this importance came with taking of advantage of the taxi
drivers/operators to their patrons.
1Wikimedia, Inc. last modified on 8 November 2010. Retrieve on 13 March 2011 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxicabs_of_the_Philippines
![Page 2: Research Paper](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081907/5474f7b2b4af9fd34f8b461e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
However, although these problems have been identified, still these hurdles
continued to exist in the country and here in Davao City. The researchers intend
to focus on the issues within the Davao City.
Hence, this paper intends to identify the boon and bane of the taxi system
in the city and propose possible remedies to minimize if not abolish these
disadvantageous; to answer what Davao City’s local authorities can do to
improve the taxi system to provide better services not only for the locals but also
to enhance the tourism in the city.
III. Background of the Study
A. History in the Philippines
Taxicabs in the Philippines started in the 1960s and further boom after the
ousting of the late Ferdinand Marcos in the mid-1980s. During the 1990s, taxis
did not have a color coding system but in 2001, LTFRB mandated that all
taxicabs should be white. Some taxicab companies, however, still use their own
colors to distinguish their units while keeping the roof and pillars white. Airport
taxis, on the other hand, are yellow. Furthermore, a taxicab has a maximum
operational lifespan of 10 years before being pulled out of service.
![Page 3: Research Paper](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081907/5474f7b2b4af9fd34f8b461e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Under its regulation, each taxicab must have its license plate number
printed on both quarter panels. Also, the rear of the car must print the telephone
numbers of the taxicab company and the LTFRB to report any reckless driving.
B. History in Davao City
During the 60’s, Davao City used to have black Mercedes Benz as taxis
but was withdrawn after the car company reportedly complained their top of the
line cars were being debased and cheapened.
Taxis, however, disappeared in Davao City as well as other cities in
Mindanao in the ‘70s and were replaced by PU minicas.
During the ‘80s Mindanao’s rapid growth gave rise to increase demand in
public transport system and further re-introduced taxis in the city in the early ‘90s
despite the reluctance of some people to part with the minicas.2
Today, taxicab industry is booming, having more than 4,000 taxicabs
operating in the city.
III. Review of Related Literature2 Espejo, Edwin. Only in Davao City. Modified on 07 January 2011. Retrieved on 13 March 2011. (http://asiancorrespondent.com/45550/only-in-davao-city/)
![Page 4: Research Paper](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081907/5474f7b2b4af9fd34f8b461e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Taxi System
The first transport system like the modern taxi system that we know today
started with hired carts pulled by horses (carriages) in the cities of Paris and
London in the early 17th century. In the 19th century, Hansom cabs were mostly
used because of their higher level of speed and safety. The invention of the
taximeter by German Wilhelm Bruhn in 1891 paved the way for the modern taxi.
This taximeter is the familiar mechanical and now often electronic device that
calculates the fare in most taxicabs. The first modern meter-equipped taxicab
was the Daimler Victoria, built by Gottlieb Daimler in 1897; the first motorized taxi
company began operating in Stuttgart the same year.3
Taxi system in different countries
The use of taxi or taxicabs has rapidly increased in metropolitan areas
where people are always in a rush to arrive at their destinations at the least
possible time. Thus, various systems have been employed by different countries
to effectively regulate their taxi operations.
A. United States
3 Dictionary 3.0 Encyclopedia. Retrieved on March 13, 2011. http://www.dictionary30.com/meaning/Cab
![Page 5: Research Paper](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081907/5474f7b2b4af9fd34f8b461e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Most cities in the United States implement a system wherein the number of
taxicabs operating is being restricted. This system is called the medallion system
which dates from a Depression-era city law designed to address an
overabundance of taxis that depressed driver earnings and congested city
streets.4
In a study conducted by Schaller and Gilbert, the issue of whether or not
the medallion system is the culprit behind the taxi service problems in New York
City was raised. Critics of the system argued on the affirmative based on the
reasoning that “good service depends on good drivers; good drivers demand
higher wages; and the medallion system keeps driver wages low. They asserted
that it is necessary to scrap the medallion system in order to resolve taxi service
problems. However, the proponents of the study concluded that the problems are
not merely result of the medallion system. The analysis shows that drivers'
wages are not kept low just by the medallion system, nor does the system keep
all fare increases from reaching drivers.5 In a different study conducted by
Schaller and Gilbert, it was concluded that regardless of what system is
implemented, substantial improvements in New York taxi service depend on
fundamentally changing the relationship between drivers and owners and
changing the perverse incentives ingrained in the industry.6
4 Schaller, Bruce and Gilbert, Gorman. VILLAIN OR BOGEYMAN? NEW YORK'S TAXI MEDALLION SYSTEM. Retrieved on March 1, 2011. http://www.schallerconsult.com/taxi/taxi2.htm#primary. 5 Schaller, Bruce and Gilbert, Gorman. VILLAIN OR BOGEYMAN? NEW YORK'S TAXI MEDALLION SYSTEM. Retrieved on March 1, 2011. http://www.schallerconsult.com/taxi/taxi2.htm#primary.6 Schaller, Bruce and Gilbert, Gorman. FIXING NEW YORK CITY TAXI SERVICE. Retrieved on March 1. 2011. http://www.schallerconsult.com/taxi/taxi3.htm
![Page 6: Research Paper](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081907/5474f7b2b4af9fd34f8b461e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
B. Europe
There is a mature system of taxicabs throughout Europe. In Great Britain,
the taxi fare is calculated based on a taxi meter that charges by both time and
distance. Its local authority has the responsibility of regulating taxi and private
hire vehicles together with their drivers. Licensed vehicles normally have an
identification (ID) plate at the rear and sometimes also at the front holding
information such as the licence number, expiry date and the number of
passengers it can carry7.
In a research entitled, “An international taxi cab evaluation: Comparing
Madrid with London, New York, and Paris”, an exploratory study was undertaken
in order to evaluate the quality of Madrid's taxi cab industry. The paper analyses
the current situation of Madrid’s taxi system by using the Taxi Cab Management
Model (TCMM) which identifies the key processes for managing and operating a
taxi cab service in any international city. It was concluded that the Madrid taxi
cab industry is ahead of cities like London, New York and Paris in terms of IT
integration within the industry. One of the best features of the taxi cab industry of
Madrid was found to be the test for candidate drivers. It is well designed in terms
of its user interface (candidates do not need to be computer literate), it has a
7 Taxicabs by Country. Retrieved on March 13, 2011. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxicabs_by_country.
![Page 7: Research Paper](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081907/5474f7b2b4af9fd34f8b461e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
large bank of questions (up to 6000) that are used randomly to generate
examinations, and it offers a highly efficient way to assess candidates.8
C. Asia
III. METHODOLOGY
The proponents used internet research and cases in conducting the
research study.
Various internet sources were used for most parts of the paper in
presenting data, this sources dwell on matters relating to the taxi system in
Davao City, the effect of this taxi system in the Philippine tourism, and rules and
regulations adopted by the city in furtherance of the development of its taxi
system.
Relevant cases were also included to muster viability of this taxi system
and other measures to further gauge its effectiveness that will undeniably cater
the needs of the residents of the city especially the passengers. Noteworthy is
8 Skok, Walter and Martinez, Juan Antonio. An international taxi cab evaluation: Comparing Madrid with London, New York, and Paris. Uploaded on July 21, 2010. Retrieved on March 13, 2011. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/kpm.346/abstract.
![Page 8: Research Paper](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081907/5474f7b2b4af9fd34f8b461e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
the adaptation of Davao City of a more sophisticated taxi system that will boost
the taxi industry in the coming years.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Undeniably, Taxis are either boon or bane here in the Philippines. By
saying so one must delve into various factors contributing to its being boon or
bane such as the rising prices of gas which as a consequence resulted to the
increase of the flag down all over the country enacted by the LTFRB, the re-
calibration of the taxi meter, adaptation of the Davao city to a more sophisticated
taxi system that paves way into boosting taxi industry for tourism, and finally the
measures or ordinance constituted or enforced by the City to enhance the taxi
operation.
V. Results and Discussions
A. Boon in Taxi System
Taxi Operation in Davao City is an important factor in the enhancement of
the tourism in the city. Tourists who came in the city prefer to ride in a taxi which
would drive them to places they tend to visit in one-ride than PUJ which the
routes are not familiar to them.
B. Bane in Taxi System
![Page 9: Research Paper](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081907/5474f7b2b4af9fd34f8b461e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Davao, like most part of the Philippines, had an issue about taxi drivers
charging exorbitantly high fixed rate once passengers got in their cab. This
modus operandi is especially rampant in airports, where passengers are most
often tourist, who are left with less or no choice at all but to avail the taxi’s
services.
Taxi drivers also tend to discriminatorily select their passengers. Some
drivers reject passengers who live in more distant place unless the passengers
agree to pay additional fee aside from the metered fee.
Another modus of taxi drivers is that instead of transporting their
passengers with the shortest distance possible and least expensive, they go for
longer route to out-wit and extort money from the latter.
These are just some of the illicit acts done by taxi drivers which
subsequently discourage tourist from visiting the city, which would pull down the
economy particularly the tourism.
VI. Conclusion
![Page 10: Research Paper](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081907/5474f7b2b4af9fd34f8b461e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)