Research on the Recreational Landscape Design Paradigm...

Rev. Téc. Ing. Univ. Zulia. Vol. 39, Nº 12, 387 - 395, 2016

387

doi:10.21311/001.39.12.49

Research on the Recreational Landscape Design Paradigm from the

Bionic Design and Topology Planning Perspectives

Yang Cao and Xiangyong Zhang

*

Haikou College of Economics, Haikou, 0571127, China

Corresponding author (Email: [email protected])

Abstract: In this paper, we research on the recreational landscape design paradigm from the bionic design and

topology planning perspectives. Landscape design planning design need to use lots of effects to express the

design intent, computer aided landscape design is mainly to help the landscape designers work design, drawing,

data storage and the processing of the heavy handed over to the computer. Summary saying, the location

disposition construction above the location characteristic that displays namely for the location place spirit, the

place took the environment terminology, meant is composed by the nature and the artificial environment has the

significance whole. This whole gathered the people by certain way to live the thing which the world needed,

these thing mutual constitution way health in turn has decided the place characteristic. It makes the modern

landscape space with complexity, inclusiveness and diversity. The landscape will be divided into lines with clear

lines, and then the road, green and functional facilities will be integrated to form a spectacular atmosphere and

the landscape integration with the landscape of the integration of the space. This paper proposes the novel

paradigm for the modern design that will promote the further development.

Key words: Recreational Landscape, Design Paradigm, Bionic Design, Topology Planning, Perspectives and

Angles

1. INTRODUCTION

The botanical garden design has the goal again construction to a location, and the design process then is the

designer and that the location converses repeatedly the exchange process. In the location exists had the factor

the direction, the way, the depth which displays to the designer has the congenital restraint. In the process of the

garden design, the spirit of place can be divided into three levels: the natural characteristics of the site itself; the

historical and cultural characteristics of the site in the time dimension; the location analysis characteristics of the

site in the spatial dimension. (1) Many design to ignore the original terrain, housing reconstruction of large area,

or unreasonable dig piled mountain lakes not only destroyed the site the original ecosystem, while ignoring the

design itself many regional characteristics. Site of existing biological community is the important factor of

regional ecological balance maintains field must protect and restore the biological community that avoids

excessive interference by the human. (2) Landscape design should take full account of the surrounding

environment, taking into account the characteristics of the surrounding environment and the use of

requirements, the site will be placed in the surrounding area of the relationship between the qualitative analysis.

(3) History and culture origin work will have vitality, users can cause resonance as should fully respect the

space of the soul makes possible the continuation of the site context.

At present, the lack of a public participation mechanism in the planning and the design of the landscape

architecture in China, the lack of communication between designers and the public and the individual leaders

and planning designers only in theory the importance of public participation from the listed aspects.

Many designers often blindly enamored of the subjective consciousness, the pursuit of artistic style,

the lack of real in-depth exploration and pursuit of lasting also on user's behavior, psychological needs,

lack of consideration. The public the sense of participation own condition and so on age, sex,

occupation, social position, financial circumstance, and years of schooling influences, but also has the

ingrained traditional ideas function as to their influence also is very big.

Often the public to participate in the planning and design process, but due to lack of effective legal

system to guarantee the public to participate in the design. So, formulate relevant laws and regulations,

through the role of the relevant laws and regulations, while then to ensure to provide reliable public

participation channels as the public can use legal means to protect their own interests and public

interests.

Landscape design planning design need to use lots of effects to express the design intent, computer aided

landscape design is mainly to help the landscape designers work design, drawing, data storage and processing of

the heavy handed over to the computer, so that the designers of the main force for the fine design concept and

the creation. Under this condition, this paper proposes the novel recreational landscape design paradigm from


388

the bionic design and the topology planning perspectives. To begin, in the figure one, we show the

demonstration of the sample landscape design paradigm and the inner organizations.

Figure 1. The Demonstration of the Sample Landscape Design Paradigm and the Inner Organizations

2. THE BASIS OF THE PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

2.1. The Bionic Design The bionics are study the simulation living system or enable the man-made technical system to have are

similar to the living system function science, namely the study living system that carries on the technical

creation, its research scope for mechanical biological modelling, physical biological modelling, chemistry

biological modelling, human body biological modelling, intelligent biological modelling and so on but may

subdivide in the mechanical biological modelling for the structure biological modelling, and the function

biological modelling and the shape biological modelling.

Figure 2. The Sample Procedure of the Bionic Design

In general, the geometrical complexity and combined complexity of the structure of an organism make it

difficult to describe it quantitatively by the conventional method. The reverse engineering technique provides

the possibility for the 3D measurement and model reconstruction of the complex curved surface, especially the

free curved surface. Reverse engineering (also known as reverse engineering) is the physical model into a CAD

model of the general digital technology, geometric model reconstruction technology and product manufacturing

technology in general and is the existing physical model is converted to engineering design model, and, on this

basis on the existing products can be optimized design and re-creation process. In other words, reverse

engineering is not a simple copy and imitation but the use of relevant means of the product analysis and design

and other innovative treatment. The process includes the following basic stages: physical model → data

measurement → the establishment of CAD model → model optimization design → processing → new products.

The practical application of the bionic design in landscape design can be then organized as the following table.


389

Table 1. The Practical Application of the Bionic Design in the Modern Landscape Design

Application Reasons

The application of

bionic design space.

Through the artistic approach to enhance, so that these designs

can interact in the three-dimensional space. This is the most

complex bionic design bionic type. Promising prospects of

bionic design in landscape design, bionic design element is

widely used in landscape design can make the landscape art

more rich to promote the sustainable development of the

landscape design.

Application of

functional bionic design.

The use of scientific and technological means to function in the

design of the realization of this bionic function is the need for

the object itself and its internal laws of a more profound

understanding.

The application of

bionic design material.

This kind of biological modelling utilization is not to the natural

material simple imitation, but is most beautiful through the

artistic technique processing time demonstration work the part,

had achieved the work and the natural environment blend

perfectly that pull closer with human's between relations.

The application of

bionic structure design.

The bionic design is not only a simple imitation of the external

form is to refine the design conception and sublimation.

Simulation is the intangible value reflected more cultural

precipitation. The abstract simulation is to extract the features

of the natural material form the most significant as the basis of

performance and design

in order to enhance.

2.2. The Design and Graph Theory Static study of graph theory, so that the development of graph theory itself is not large, it is difficult to have

a major breakthrough in the new theory. This article is the use of the topological theory, graph theory and

practical analysis, and puts forward a set of practical generalized topological theory with graph theory. This

paper will study the traditional method of graph theory from the static method of expanding into the dynamic

research method, and presented the research methods and ideas of some graph theory as namely generalized

topological theory principle. The logicians F. R. Ramsey presents the theorem of a there are two special case

which in a 6 people group, there are three people must know each other, or don't know each other.

When N is infinite, if the complete graph of order N edge set two color red, blue, there is an infinite set of

M ⊂ N, all connections set M midpoint of the edge to get the same color. Got a promotion in many ways, the

theorem produced today are referred to the Ramsey's theorem, the amount of Ramsey, Ramsey figure,

extension, Ramsey's theorem and some deep mathematical problems. It generalized the "pigeon house"

principle: no matter how we will be a "big" system is divided into a collection of "small", must have a set

contains the subsystems of the "big" system. In Ramsey theory we are looking for in the same set of large

subsystems: we not only need an infinite number of red edge, we also need to connect a set of infinite point of

all the edges must be as follows.

j ij i

i

S w x (1)

21

2p p pJ t y (2)

ij ij ijw w w (3)

The shortest path subgraph can make different public edge of the shortest path of the sharing, so as to save

storage space and gives the shortest path subgraph construction algorithm, algorithm by deleting nodes and

edges without reservation to then construct the shortest path subgraph can get all the information of shortest path

between two points. The 21

2p pt y represents the objective function and the ij ij ijw w w is the node

updating paradigm, in the figure 3, we show the sample illustration.


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Figure 3. The Design and Graph Theory Demonstration

In dynamic network topology, as the agent's perception of the relationship between the change over time,

each agent based on dynamic adjacent members to adjust its position and direction as with the introduction of

leading, proposes a decentralized control strategy, make more mobile agent to follow the leader have and

leading the same asymptotic movement speed and direction, and maintain a constant relative distance between

agents, and minimization of multi-agent system artificial potential field function. To tested the inference

question based on the test inference information structure drawing to carry on the description, has given one

kind take the graph theory as the essence, fused Floyd- the Warshall algorithm, the FDI algorithm, the higher

order connection inference algorithm and so on many kinds of inference algorithm general test inference

technology, and unified some equipment observation and that control system the signal to form the combination

to carry on the correlation theories feasibility and the valid confirmation.

, 1.. | ( ) ( )d d dX x i i N x i x i d (4)

y

x

yy

Sx

x

(5)

Euclid distance between nodes u and v, L is the maximum distance between any two nodes, alpha and beta

is by adjusting the parameters of the network characteristics. Alpha increase, relatively short while increasing

the proportion of long; Beta increases, the node degrees along with the increase of adjust the alpha and beta, can

produce different types of random network diagram and make it more close to the actual network. Graph theory

kernel must integrate all kinds of information needed by traditional testability model, and design standardized

interface of model conversion, in order to realize the function of integrated testability modeling. Let the

information set of the kernel be core, the block model information set is frame, the information flow model

information set is inflow, the information set of the multi-signal flow graph model is Mflow as the information

set of Bayesian network model is BNs. However it holds the following drawbacks.

1) In the case of incomplete information, the model has high ambiguity and poor adaptive ability.

2) With the change of equipment environment and working time, the test information of complex

equipment will show polymorphism, and the expandability of information flow, multi-signal flow graph and

hybrid diagnosis model is not good reasoning.

3) The test information description method and the testability index calculation method of the three models

are different and not compatible with each other, and the model is not universal and the scalability is poor.

2.3. The Topology Path Planning Features and Principles Although the dynamic programming regarding the primary way optimization is very classical algorithm,

when applies in the actual environment comes across the dimension disaster or lacks questions and so on

complete information, therefore quotes the neural network in the dynamic programming has the practical

significance extremely.

The nerve dynamic programming is one enhancement type study modern method, how does it cause the

system through to observe own behavior to learn to make the good decision-making, and enables it to improve

own through the enhancement type inserting mechanism motion shown as the figure 4.


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Figure 4. The Topology Path Planning Features Demonstration

In the path planning, the commonly used path model includes grid method, as element tree method and

polygon representation method. Among them, the former two methods belong to the discretization space

representation method, this kind of method has a limitation, that is, if the space is too thick, the planning

precision is low; if the division is too fine, the data volume will be too large and the continuation of space

description can avoid this problem, polygon representation that belongs to this category. This method is adopted

as the path model in this paper.

2( )ijJ J w (6)

2

1

( ) ( ( 2 ) )N

i i j j i j

j

J x w G x x b

(7)

The public participates in the city and countryside plan expressing the benefit for the formidable sponsor to

request to provide the platform, for the protected individual and organization's legitimate rights and interests has

created the condition. Participates in the process in the public can buy in the widespread formidable sponsor in

the urban planning procedure. Fitness in genetic algorithm is used to measure the group of the individuals in the

optimization calculation could reach or close to or help to find the optimal solution of high level, the genetic

algorithm depends on the fitness of individuals in the population to or stay, it is the genetic algorithm

convergence and stability of the important influencing factors, measure the individual fitness function as fitness

function as follows.

( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

1 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

p iK k K kie k y k u k

X e k e k y k u k d kits

(8)

7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

.3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

.3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

InputModule

(9)

The performance of the reinforcement learning algorithm convergence of the algorithm and these two

aspects to judge convergence speed of the algorithm as when the number of iterations reaches 7, 000 times, the

trend of convergence occurs, after nearly ten thousand times of iteration and the error of the system is close to

zero, that a system has a good convergence. When the feasible path is a minority in the population, the impact of

a single individual is large making the average cannot correctly reflect the pros and cons of the population. The

other criterion is the average fitness value of the population, which can reflect the population's fitness.


392

Figure 5. The Topology Path Planning Simulation and Demonstration

But when the test object is a fitness function, the parameters of the fitness function are different in different

experiments. The adaptability of the same individual in different experiments is different, and the average

fitness of the population in different experiments is not comparable which can be modelled as the follows.

2( ) sgn( ( ,2 ) )i i i

i SupportVectors

g x wG x x b

(10)

1 1

1

1 1

[ ( )]( ,..., )

[ ( )]

ki

ki

nm k

iAk i

n nm

iAk i

b xf x x

x

(11)

The chief problem of path planning is to get the shortest path length as therefore, path length is the first

need to consider the content of the fitness function. Populations in the addition to the feasible path and with

infeasible paths as the

1 1

1 1

[ ( )]

[ ( )]

ki

ki

nm k

iAk i

nm

iAk i

b x

x

, and infeasible path have or can be measured by invisible side

of relative quantity.

3. THE PROPOSED RECREATIONAL LANDSCAPE DESIGN PARADIGM

The landscape plan design, urban planning, the architecture have multitudinously in the practice

overlapping, indispensable, in today society, the more and more many job requirement three profession

practitioners cooperates closely can complete that kind of the urban planning teacher planned and let the

architect design the construction, the architect has completed, let the landscape plan the working which the

designer filled up is not impossible to construct our environment. Landscape ecological planning model refers to

the comprehensive consideration of landscape ecology, social processes and their temporal and spatial fit

relationship between the use of landscape ecology knowledge and principles of basic management, landscape

management, in order to achieve both to maintain the landscape structure, function and ecological processes,

sustainable use of land is an important ecological planning approach. Demonstration type ecological landscape

refers to the role in the typical representative in the ecological technology field as combining art technique and

ecological technology landscape creation form and it shall have the following basic characteristics and

corresponding features.

The main value of the model ecological landscape is not that it can bring the absolute ecological effect

to the surrounding urban environment, but also it has clear demonstration significance and can convey

ecological information of education foresight to public. The transmission of ecological information is

perceptual, intuitive easy to understand and accept for the people.

The combination of ecological technology applied in a certain type of the ecological landscape in the

certain area and landscape should have typical representative significance. Usually, this type of

ecological landscape will be accompanied by a detailed explanation of the principle and mechanism of

ecological technology.


393

The demonstration ecology landscape utilizes the ecology technology and the demonstrativeness

irrevocable and are by no means have demonstration characteristic in some time.

The water body landscape shape design besides must consider the surface sees flow form, but also must

consider the water body and the land intersection point mold. Both must cause the water body landscape nature

to be vivid, and that must guarantee the natural system and the artificial system reasonable engagement as the

ecology waterfront construction conforms to the natural water body and the land engagement place structure

characteristic. Because uses is the specific engineerig material, the ventilation water permeability is extremely

good, its superficial texture is also helpful to the soil, the silt and so on attachment, roosted the biology for the

shore to create the good growth condition that has realized the amphibious between nature transition,

simultaneously also favored the making multiplication the water body landscape shown as the following figure

6.

Figure 6. The Recreational Landscape Design Paradigm One

Before that also have no fixed mode at home and the abroad and the method to quantitative evaluation of

the merits of the residential area landscape environment suitability. Of each evaluation index system of

quantitative and clearly define the weight of that each evaluation index in the evaluation system is one of the

difficult points of residential area landscape environment suitability evaluation. This method is in the systems

engineering makes the quantitative analysis to the non-quota thing one method that is judged ability to the

people to make the objective description subjectively the effective way. It the people to the complex question

policy-making thought process strip physics and chemistry, the hierarchization and mathematical quantification,

according to certain thing judgment, each level various elements gives to the policy-making goal importance

relative quota to indicate that, obtains various elements important after mathematics operation weight makes the

correct decision-making according to this as shown as the figure 7.

Figure 7. The Recreational Landscape Design Paradigm Two


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Water body in the landscape of cities tend to produce peculiar smell after built for a long time, this is

because the flow velocity is slow lead to water and fermentation of oxygen in the body. Therefore, on the water

body of the form design, should make the shoreline form free of the change, and with the aid of the rocks,

rockery, sculpture, and jointly promote the flow of water, increase the oxygen content in the water creating

suitable for biological growth environment. Composite layering is an important feature of modern landscape. It

makes the modern landscape space with complexity, inclusiveness and diversity. The landscape will be divided

into lines with clear lines, and then the road, green and functional facilities will be integrated to form a

spectacular atmosphere and landscape integration with the landscape of the integration of the space. City water

landscape ecological design to improve the quality of the environment and realize the sustainable development

of the city has a very important role, combined with the construction of ecological garden, how to do the real

ecological water, practice and exploration also takes a long time, but one thing is sure, only the ecological

thought into every detail of the landscape design in order to design method of ecological water system more

scientific and practical, play its due benefits, in the figure 8, we show the final paradigm for references.

Figure 8. The Recreational Landscape Design Paradigm Three

4. CONCLUSION

In this paper, we research on the recreational landscape design paradigm from the bionic design and

topology planning perspectives. In general, the geometrical complexity and combined complexity of the

structure of an organism make it difficult to describe it quantitatively by the conventional method. The reverse

engineering technique provides the possibility for the 3D measurement and model reconstruction of the complex

curved surface. Landscape design planning design need to use lots of effects to express the design intent,

computer aided landscape design is mainly to help the landscape designers work design, drawing, data storage

and processing of the heavy handed over to the computer, so that the designers of the main force for the fine

design concept and the creation. With this basis, this paper proposes the novel paradigm for the issues in the

future we will apply the proposed methodology into the real-world conditions to test the performance.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This paper is financially supported by the 2017 Hainan provincial key research projects: Quality

Improvement and Landscape Construction Technology of Urban Recreational Space in Tropical Island.

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