Research Methods And Traditions +923007794977

MIND MAPChapter # 1

An Introduction to research methods and traditions

1. Research1. Process2. Product

2. The difference between qualitative research and quantitative research3. Characteristics of research (Linguist: Grotjahn 1987)4. Two paradigms of research

1. Pure form: (Two Types)2. Mixed form: (Six Types)

5. Brown (1988) Analysis Research1. Primary 1. Case studies 2. Survey studies 3. Statistical studies 4. Experimental studies2. Secondary 1. Review literature

6. Types of research after brown1. Primary2. Secondary

7. The status of knowledge (6 assertions)8. Some key concepts in research

1. Reliability2. Deductivism3. Inductivism4. Validity

9. Action research10.Conclusion

Research Methods And Traditions +923007794977

MIND MAPChapter # 2

The Experimental Method

1. Experimental method (statistical tools)1. Variable2. Sample3. Statistical procedure4. Inferential statistics

2. The context of experimentation1. Speaking experiments2. Language proficiency3.

3. The logic of statistical inference(statistical concept)1. Mean2. Standard deviation3. Normal deviation4. Normal distribution5. Standard error6. Frequency distribution

4. Additional statistical tools1. Experiment2. Frequency3. Two types of task

5. Types of experiments1. Pre-experiment2. Quasi-experiment3. True-experiment4. New Zealand book flood experiment5. Summary of New Zealand book flood experiment6. Contrasting

6. The psychometric study1. Research area2. Aim3. Question/hypothesis (two points)

7. Research contrast1. Bottom up2. Top down

Research Methods And Traditions +923007794977

3. Subjects4. Material

8. Conclusion