Research Article First Record of the Pink Lipped Moray Eel...
5
Research Article First Record of the Pink Lipped Moray Eel, Echidna rhodochilus (Bleeker 1863) (Family: Muraenidae), from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India M. Arun Kumar, S. Venu, and G. Padmavati Department of Ocean Studies and Marine Biology, Pondicherry University, Brookshabad Campus, Post Bag No. 26, Chakkargaon Post, Port Blair, Andaman Islands 744112, India Correspondence should be addressed to M. Arun Kumar; [email protected] Received 30 March 2016; Accepted 14 June 2016 Academic Editor: Heinrich H¨ uhnerfuss Copyright © 2016 M. Arun Kumar et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. e paper is the first record of the occurrence of the Pink Lipped Moray Eel, Echidna rhodochilus (Bleeker 1863), from India. e current specimen was caught from the mangrove creeks of Carbyn’s Cove, South Andaman. is species is known so far from Western Pacific and southeastern Indian Ocean up to Australia and Indonesia. e present study indicates that there are more studies to be conducted on the ichthyofauna of these islands for a better understanding of the biodiversity of this area. 1. Introduction e Andaman and Nicobar Islands have unique ecosystems, mainly contributed by coral reefs, mangroves, seagrass, and seaweed beds as shelters and feeding grounds for many species. e Andaman and Nicobar fish fauna consists of an assemblage of about 1463 species spread over all the diverse habitats representing 586 genera belonging to 175 families. e fish diversity in Andaman and Nicobar Islands is of special interest in terms of marine zoogeography because of the confluence in the fishes of Andaman Sea with those of the Western Pacific and the Indian Ocean [1]. e family Muraenidae belongs to the order Anguilli- formes. It contains 15 genera and 300 species [2]. e name of the family comes from the “Latin” word Muraena meaning moray eel [3]. Moray eels are cosmopolitan, most of them exclusively in marine, but several species are regularly seen in brackish water, and a few can sometimes be found in fresh water. ey are mainly characterized by a very elongate mus- cular compressed body with a large mouth. Most have long sharp canine teeth but some such as the species belonging to Echidna have low nodular teeth. e species of Echidna prey principally on crustaceans, especially crabs, for which their blunt crushing teeth are well suited. e dorsal fin extends from just behind the head along the back and joins seamlessly with the caudal and anal fins. All the species lack pectoral and pelvic fins, adding to their serpentine appearance. eir eyes are rather small; morays rely on their highly developed sense of smell, lying in wait to ambush prey. e muraenid eels are oſten regarded as being nocturnal, but only few species actively forage for food at night [4]. So far, 20 species of muraenids have been reported from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, representing 8 genera (Echidna, Muraena, Gymnomuraena, Gymnothorax, Rhino- muraena, Scuticaria, Strophidon, and Uropterygius). Echidna nebulosa was the only species from the genus Echidna previously reported from Andaman and Nicobar Islands [1]. 2. Materials and Methods During an ichthyofaunal survey in the mangrove creeks of Carbyn’s Cove near Port Blair (Figure 1), fishes were collected by using hook and line. e species was identified following standard identification keys [5, 6]. A detailed literature survey has revealed that the species Echidna rhodochilus was not recorded earlier from Andaman and Nicobar Islands [1, 7–11]. e morphometric and meristic characteristics were analysed and discussed. Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Oceanography Volume 2016, Article ID 6098027, 4 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6098027
Transcript of Research Article First Record of the Pink Lipped Moray Eel...
Research ArticleFirst Record of the Pink Lipped Moray EelEchidna rhodochilus (Bleeker 1863) (Family Muraenidae)from Andaman and Nicobar Islands India
M Arun Kumar S Venu and G Padmavati
Department of Ocean Studies and Marine Biology Pondicherry University Brookshabad Campus Post Bag No 26Chakkargaon Post Port Blair Andaman Islands 744112 India
Correspondence should be addressed to M Arun Kumar arun4kavigmailcom
Received 30 March 2016 Accepted 14 June 2016
Academic Editor Heinrich Huhnerfuss
Copyright copy 2016 M Arun Kumar et alThis is an open access article distributed under theCreativeCommonsAttribution Licensewhich permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited
The paper is the first record of the occurrence of the Pink Lipped Moray Eel Echidna rhodochilus (Bleeker 1863) from India Thecurrent specimen was caught from the mangrove creeks of Carbynrsquos Cove South Andaman This species is known so far fromWestern Pacific and southeastern Indian Ocean up to Australia and Indonesia The present study indicates that there are morestudies to be conducted on the ichthyofauna of these islands for a better understanding of the biodiversity of this area
1 Introduction
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands have unique ecosystemsmainly contributed by coral reefs mangroves seagrass andseaweed beds as shelters and feeding grounds for manyspecies The Andaman and Nicobar fish fauna consists of anassemblage of about 1463 species spread over all the diversehabitats representing 586 genera belonging to 175 familiesThe fish diversity in Andaman and Nicobar Islands is ofspecial interest in terms of marine zoogeography because ofthe confluence in the fishes of Andaman Sea with those of theWestern Pacific and the Indian Ocean [1]
The family Muraenidae belongs to the order Anguilli-formes It contains 15 genera and 300 species [2] The nameof the family comes from the ldquoLatinrdquo wordMuraenameaningmoray eel [3] Moray eels are cosmopolitan most of themexclusively in marine but several species are regularly seenin brackish water and a few can sometimes be found in freshwater They are mainly characterized by a very elongate mus-cular compressed body with a large mouth Most have longsharp canine teeth but some such as the species belonging toEchidna have low nodular teeth The species of Echidna preyprincipally on crustaceans especially crabs for which theirblunt crushing teeth are well suited The dorsal fin extends
from just behind the head along the back and joins seamlesslywith the caudal and anal fins All the species lack pectoral andpelvic fins adding to their serpentine appearance Their eyesare rather small morays rely on their highly developed senseof smell lying in wait to ambush prey The muraenid eelsare often regarded as being nocturnal but only few speciesactively forage for food at night [4]
So far 20 species of muraenids have been reportedfrom Andaman and Nicobar Islands representing 8 genera(Echidna Muraena Gymnomuraena Gymnothorax Rhino-muraena Scuticaria Strophidon and Uropterygius) Echidnanebulosa was the only species from the genus Echidnapreviously reported from Andaman and Nicobar Islands [1]
2 Materials and Methods
During an ichthyofaunal survey in the mangrove creeks ofCarbynrsquos Cove near Port Blair (Figure 1) fishes were collectedby using hook and line The species was identified followingstandard identification keys [5 6] A detailed literature surveyhas revealed that the species Echidna rhodochilus was notrecorded earlier fromAndaman andNicobar Islands [1 7ndash11]Themorphometric andmeristic characteristics were analysedand discussed
Hindawi Publishing CorporationInternational Journal of OceanographyVolume 2016 Article ID 6098027 4 pageshttpdxdoiorg10115520166098027
2 International Journal of Oceanography
72∘09984000998400998400E
84∘09984000998400998400E
96∘09984000998400998400E
72∘09984000998400998400E
84∘09984000998400998400E
96∘09984000998400998400E
18∘09984000998400998400N
30∘09984000998400998400N
18∘09984000998400998400N
30∘09984000998400998400N
92∘37
9984000998400998400E 92
∘42
99840030
998400998400E
92∘37
9984000998400998400E 92
∘42
99840030
998400998400E
11∘34
9984000998400998400N
11∘39
99840030
998400998400N
11∘34
9984000998400998400N
11∘39
99840030
998400998400N
Study area
55 11
(Kilometers)
N
N
S
EW
Figure 1 Study area map
Figure 2 Echidna rhodochilus
3 Results
The newly recorded species was identified as Echidna rhodo-chilus Bleeker 1863 commonly called Freshwater Moray Eelor Pink Lipped Moray Eel L S Berg 1940 (Figure 2)
4 Systematics
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus 1758Phylum Chordata Haeckel 1874
Class Actinopterygii Klein 1885Order Anguilliformes LS Berg 1940Family Muraenidae Rafinesque 1810Genus Echidna Forster 1777Species rhodochilus Bleeker 1863
Echidna rhodochilus Bleeker Ned TijdshrDierk I 1863p247-Atl Icth IV 1864 p79
New Combination
Muraena rhodochilus Gunther CatBritMusVIII 1870p132
Common Name FreshwaterMoray Eel or Pink LippedMorayEel
Two specimens 326mm and 324mm TL males werecollected by Arun Kumar M on February 13 2010 from themangrove creek in Carbynrsquos Cove around 5 km from Port
International Journal of Oceanography 3
Table 1 Comparative meristic counts and measurements of Echidna rhodochilus and Echidna nebulosa
Morphometric measurementsand meristic characters (mm)
E rhodochilus specimen 1from Port Blair
E rhodochilus specimen 2from Port Blair E rhodochilus [5] E nebulosa from
Port BlairTotal length 326 324 338 248Head length 1166 1111 mdash 1129Predorsal length 1779 1728 mdash 1008Snout length 307 309 mdash 282Postorbital length 951 957 mdash 927Eye diameter 123 093 mdash 081Preorbital length 153 154 mdash 202Upper jaw length 368 340 mdash 444Lower jaw length 368 340 mdash 363Anal length 5215 5185 mdash 4032Body depth 552 556 562 323Head depth 583 556 533 524Depth at anus 613 556 mdash 484Head length 38 36 mdash 28Snout length 2632 2778 mdash 25Postorbital length 8158 8333 mdash 8214Eye diameter 789 833 mdash 714Preorbital length 1316 1389 mdash 1786Upper jaw length 2895 3056 mdash 3929Lower jaw length 2895 3056 mdash 3214
Blair Andaman andNicobar IslandsThe identified specimenwas preserved in 5 formalin and deposited in the fisherymuseum Department of Ocean Studies and Marine BiologyPondicherry University Port Blair (PUDOSMB201021)
41 Comparative Material Examined A specimen of Echidnanebulosa (Ahl 1789) from the nearby areas of Carbynrsquos Covewas compared with E rhodochilus E nebulosa has been theonly species in the genus reported from this area so far Thebody is moderately elongate and compressed along the tailThe head has a steep profile and the snout is short and bluntthe eye is relatively small the anterior nostril is a short tubeand the posterior nostril is a simple hole with a raised rimabove and before the eye The colour is variable but typicallyyellowish-brownwith 2 or 3 longitudinal series of darker star-shaped spots along the body each with a yellow center thespots variably combined to form vertical bands smaller spotsand mottlings occur between the starry blotches No pinkspot is found on the cheek
42 Diagnosis E rhodochilus and E nebulosa present amarked colour difference the former being brown in colourand the latter with star-shaped mottled blotches There is apink spot on the cheek in E rhodochilus which is absent in Enebulosa
43 Key for the Genus Echidna Genus Echidna Forster 1777
(1a) E nebulosa pale body with two rows of star-likeblotches with centers
(1b) E rhodochilus dorsal fin origin behind gill openingbrown body with darker reticulations head pores and
Figure 3 Pink spot on the cheek
posterior nostril in small white spots white blotch onjaws below eye larger on lower jaw (Figure 3)
5 Description
Characteristically moray has an elongate slender snake-likebody a large mouth median fins confluent with caudal finand no pelvic and pectoral fins Gill opening is small androundHead and trunk are equal to or somewhat shorter thanthe tail The body is scaleless
The origin of the dorsal fin is slightly behind gill openingsand fleshy Teeth are obtusely conical in the maxillaries in 2series the outer with 14 and the inner with 9 teeth In thelower jaw posteriorly a series of about 12 teeth is presentand anteriorly two series of 6 pairs of teeth are presentthe inner of which are stouter On the vomer two completeand one irregular series of strong teeth are found on theintermaxillary plate a broad nearly oval group of teeth arefound with the outer series much smaller than the 12 much
4 International Journal of Oceanography
stouter inner ones It is brownish black with yellow fins Thespecimen preserved in formalin (5) is dark reddish brownwith a whitish pink spot on the upper and lower lips near thecorner of the mouth with this marking this species can beeasily identified
51 Remarks The morphometric characteristics of thepresent specimen are similar to specimens reported fromIndonesia [12] and significantly differ from those of Echidnanebulosa collected from Port Blair (Table 1) It has a blunthead compared to other well-knownmorays and is one of thesmaller fish of the group Maximum length is reported up to338 cm [12]
52 Habit and Habitat Adults are benthic generally inshallow water among rocks and corals they are mainlynocturnal and hide in holes and crevices during the dayTheyfeed mainly on crustaceans cephalopods and small fishesPrimarily a marine species yet shows a wide range of distri-bution also found in brackish and freshwater environmentsSome members of this family are used in the aquarium trade[13]
6 Distribution
The species is found in the Indo-West Pacific region Indone-sia and the Philippines [5 14] Papua New Guinea to NewZealand [15] and Japan to Fiji [16 17]
7 Conclusion
By comparison with a similar species occurring in the samearea and by referring to available literature on the muraenidfishes of Andaman Islands the specimen was identified andconfirmed as Echidna rhodochilus and is reported for the firsttime from India
Competing Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge sincerely the help rendered by thefisherman Mr Dhanapal (Babu) who aided the authors incollecting the samplesThe authors are indebted toMrA Sar-avanan Department of Disaster Management PondicherryUniversity for preparing the map of the study area
References
[1] I T Ramakrishna C R Sreeraj C Ragunathan R Raghu-raman P T Rajan and J S Yogeshkumar ldquoAn account ofadditions to the Ichthyofauna of Andaman andNicobar IslandsRecords of Zool Surv Indiardquo Occasional Paper 3261-140 2010
[2] G Smith David ldquoA checklist of the moray eels of the world(Teleostei Anguilliformes Muraenidae)rdquo Zootaxa vol 3474pp 1ndash64 2012
[3] E B Bohlke J E McCosker and D G Smith ldquoMuraenidaerdquo inFAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery PurposesThe Living
Marine Resources of theWestern Central Pacific K E Carpenterand V H Niem Eds vol 3 of Batoid Fishes Chimaeras andBony Fishes Part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae) FAO RomeItaly 1999
[4] J E Randall G R Allen and R C Steene Fishes of theGreat Barrier Reef and Coral Sea Crawford House PublishingBathurst Australia 2nd edition 1997
[5] M Weber and L F De Beafort The Fishes of the Indo-Austral-ian Archipelago Vol-III Ostariophysi II Cyprinoidea ApodesSynbranchi E J Brill Ltd Leiden the Netherlands 1916
[6] W Fischer and W Bianchi Eds FAO Species IdentificationSheets for Fishery Purposes Western Indian Ocean (Fishingarea 51) (Prepared and Printed with the Support of the DanishInternational Development Agent (DANIDA) vol 1ndash6 Food andAgricultural organization of the United Nations Rome Italy1984
[7] AW C T Herre ldquoA list of the fishes known from the AndamanIslandsrdquoMemoirs of Indian Museum vol 13 no 3 pp 331ndash4031939
[8] P K Talwar ldquoFishes of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands asynoptic analysisrdquo Journal of Andaman Science Association vol6 no 2 pp 1ndash12 1990
[9] D V Rao K Devi and P T Rajan ldquoAn account of ichthyofaunaof Andaman andNicobar Islands Bay of Bengalrdquo Records of theZoological Survey of India Occasional Paper 178 2000
[10] K Devi and D V Rao ldquoMangrove ichthyofauna of AndamanandNicobar Islandsrdquo Records of the Zoological Survey of IndiaOccasional Paper 265 2007
[11] P Vijay andD Priya ldquoA survey of freshwater fishes of AndamanIslandsrdquo Journal of Bombay Natural History Society vol 106 no1 pp 264ndash267 2000
[12] M Kottelat A J Whitten S N Kartikasari and S Wirjoat-modjo Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and SulawesiPeriplus Editions Jakarta Indonesia 1993
[13] P J Kailola The Fishes of Papua New Guinea A Revised andAnnotated Checklist vol 1 of Myxinidae to SynbranchidaeResearch Bulletin no 41 Department of Fisheries and MarineResources Port Moresby Papua New Guinea 1987
[14] A W C T Herre ldquoCheck list of Philippine fishesrdquo ResearchReport of US Fish Wildlife Service 20 1953
[15] G R Allen and P L Munday ldquoKimbe Bay rapid ecologicalassessment the coral reefs of Kimbe Bay (West New BritainPapua NewGuinea)rdquo in Fish Diversity of Kimbe Bay G R Allenand P L Munday Eds The Nature Conservancy South Pacificprogram Office Auckland New Zealand 1994
[16] K Hatooka H Senou and M Aizawa ldquoNew records of themoray Echidna rhodochilus (Muraenidae Anguilliformes) fromJapan and Fiji Islandsrdquo IOP Diving News vol 3 no 4 pp 2ndash31992
[17] T Nakabo Fishes of Japan with Pictorial Keys to the SpeciesTokai University Press 2002
Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
ClimatologyJournal of
EcologyInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
EarthquakesJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom
Applied ampEnvironmentalSoil Science
Volume 2014
Mining
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
International Journal of
Geophysics
OceanographyInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Journal of Computational Environmental SciencesHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Journal ofPetroleum Engineering
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
GeochemistryHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Journal of
Atmospheric SciencesInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
OceanographyHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Advances in
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
MineralogyInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
MeteorologyAdvances in
The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Paleontology JournalHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
ScientificaHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Geological ResearchJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Geology Advances in
2 International Journal of Oceanography
72∘09984000998400998400E
84∘09984000998400998400E
96∘09984000998400998400E
72∘09984000998400998400E
84∘09984000998400998400E
96∘09984000998400998400E
18∘09984000998400998400N
30∘09984000998400998400N
18∘09984000998400998400N
30∘09984000998400998400N
92∘37
9984000998400998400E 92
∘42
99840030
998400998400E
92∘37
9984000998400998400E 92
∘42
99840030
998400998400E
11∘34
9984000998400998400N
11∘39
99840030
998400998400N
11∘34
9984000998400998400N
11∘39
99840030
998400998400N
Study area
55 11
(Kilometers)
N
N
S
EW
Figure 1 Study area map
Figure 2 Echidna rhodochilus
3 Results
The newly recorded species was identified as Echidna rhodo-chilus Bleeker 1863 commonly called Freshwater Moray Eelor Pink Lipped Moray Eel L S Berg 1940 (Figure 2)
4 Systematics
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus 1758Phylum Chordata Haeckel 1874
Class Actinopterygii Klein 1885Order Anguilliformes LS Berg 1940Family Muraenidae Rafinesque 1810Genus Echidna Forster 1777Species rhodochilus Bleeker 1863
Echidna rhodochilus Bleeker Ned TijdshrDierk I 1863p247-Atl Icth IV 1864 p79
New Combination
Muraena rhodochilus Gunther CatBritMusVIII 1870p132
Common Name FreshwaterMoray Eel or Pink LippedMorayEel
Two specimens 326mm and 324mm TL males werecollected by Arun Kumar M on February 13 2010 from themangrove creek in Carbynrsquos Cove around 5 km from Port
International Journal of Oceanography 3
Table 1 Comparative meristic counts and measurements of Echidna rhodochilus and Echidna nebulosa
Morphometric measurementsand meristic characters (mm)
E rhodochilus specimen 1from Port Blair
E rhodochilus specimen 2from Port Blair E rhodochilus [5] E nebulosa from
Port BlairTotal length 326 324 338 248Head length 1166 1111 mdash 1129Predorsal length 1779 1728 mdash 1008Snout length 307 309 mdash 282Postorbital length 951 957 mdash 927Eye diameter 123 093 mdash 081Preorbital length 153 154 mdash 202Upper jaw length 368 340 mdash 444Lower jaw length 368 340 mdash 363Anal length 5215 5185 mdash 4032Body depth 552 556 562 323Head depth 583 556 533 524Depth at anus 613 556 mdash 484Head length 38 36 mdash 28Snout length 2632 2778 mdash 25Postorbital length 8158 8333 mdash 8214Eye diameter 789 833 mdash 714Preorbital length 1316 1389 mdash 1786Upper jaw length 2895 3056 mdash 3929Lower jaw length 2895 3056 mdash 3214
Blair Andaman andNicobar IslandsThe identified specimenwas preserved in 5 formalin and deposited in the fisherymuseum Department of Ocean Studies and Marine BiologyPondicherry University Port Blair (PUDOSMB201021)
41 Comparative Material Examined A specimen of Echidnanebulosa (Ahl 1789) from the nearby areas of Carbynrsquos Covewas compared with E rhodochilus E nebulosa has been theonly species in the genus reported from this area so far Thebody is moderately elongate and compressed along the tailThe head has a steep profile and the snout is short and bluntthe eye is relatively small the anterior nostril is a short tubeand the posterior nostril is a simple hole with a raised rimabove and before the eye The colour is variable but typicallyyellowish-brownwith 2 or 3 longitudinal series of darker star-shaped spots along the body each with a yellow center thespots variably combined to form vertical bands smaller spotsand mottlings occur between the starry blotches No pinkspot is found on the cheek
42 Diagnosis E rhodochilus and E nebulosa present amarked colour difference the former being brown in colourand the latter with star-shaped mottled blotches There is apink spot on the cheek in E rhodochilus which is absent in Enebulosa
43 Key for the Genus Echidna Genus Echidna Forster 1777
(1a) E nebulosa pale body with two rows of star-likeblotches with centers
(1b) E rhodochilus dorsal fin origin behind gill openingbrown body with darker reticulations head pores and
Figure 3 Pink spot on the cheek
posterior nostril in small white spots white blotch onjaws below eye larger on lower jaw (Figure 3)
5 Description
Characteristically moray has an elongate slender snake-likebody a large mouth median fins confluent with caudal finand no pelvic and pectoral fins Gill opening is small androundHead and trunk are equal to or somewhat shorter thanthe tail The body is scaleless
The origin of the dorsal fin is slightly behind gill openingsand fleshy Teeth are obtusely conical in the maxillaries in 2series the outer with 14 and the inner with 9 teeth In thelower jaw posteriorly a series of about 12 teeth is presentand anteriorly two series of 6 pairs of teeth are presentthe inner of which are stouter On the vomer two completeand one irregular series of strong teeth are found on theintermaxillary plate a broad nearly oval group of teeth arefound with the outer series much smaller than the 12 much
4 International Journal of Oceanography
stouter inner ones It is brownish black with yellow fins Thespecimen preserved in formalin (5) is dark reddish brownwith a whitish pink spot on the upper and lower lips near thecorner of the mouth with this marking this species can beeasily identified
51 Remarks The morphometric characteristics of thepresent specimen are similar to specimens reported fromIndonesia [12] and significantly differ from those of Echidnanebulosa collected from Port Blair (Table 1) It has a blunthead compared to other well-knownmorays and is one of thesmaller fish of the group Maximum length is reported up to338 cm [12]
52 Habit and Habitat Adults are benthic generally inshallow water among rocks and corals they are mainlynocturnal and hide in holes and crevices during the dayTheyfeed mainly on crustaceans cephalopods and small fishesPrimarily a marine species yet shows a wide range of distri-bution also found in brackish and freshwater environmentsSome members of this family are used in the aquarium trade[13]
6 Distribution
The species is found in the Indo-West Pacific region Indone-sia and the Philippines [5 14] Papua New Guinea to NewZealand [15] and Japan to Fiji [16 17]
7 Conclusion
By comparison with a similar species occurring in the samearea and by referring to available literature on the muraenidfishes of Andaman Islands the specimen was identified andconfirmed as Echidna rhodochilus and is reported for the firsttime from India
Competing Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge sincerely the help rendered by thefisherman Mr Dhanapal (Babu) who aided the authors incollecting the samplesThe authors are indebted toMrA Sar-avanan Department of Disaster Management PondicherryUniversity for preparing the map of the study area
References
[1] I T Ramakrishna C R Sreeraj C Ragunathan R Raghu-raman P T Rajan and J S Yogeshkumar ldquoAn account ofadditions to the Ichthyofauna of Andaman andNicobar IslandsRecords of Zool Surv Indiardquo Occasional Paper 3261-140 2010
[2] G Smith David ldquoA checklist of the moray eels of the world(Teleostei Anguilliformes Muraenidae)rdquo Zootaxa vol 3474pp 1ndash64 2012
[3] E B Bohlke J E McCosker and D G Smith ldquoMuraenidaerdquo inFAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery PurposesThe Living
Marine Resources of theWestern Central Pacific K E Carpenterand V H Niem Eds vol 3 of Batoid Fishes Chimaeras andBony Fishes Part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae) FAO RomeItaly 1999
[4] J E Randall G R Allen and R C Steene Fishes of theGreat Barrier Reef and Coral Sea Crawford House PublishingBathurst Australia 2nd edition 1997
[5] M Weber and L F De Beafort The Fishes of the Indo-Austral-ian Archipelago Vol-III Ostariophysi II Cyprinoidea ApodesSynbranchi E J Brill Ltd Leiden the Netherlands 1916
[6] W Fischer and W Bianchi Eds FAO Species IdentificationSheets for Fishery Purposes Western Indian Ocean (Fishingarea 51) (Prepared and Printed with the Support of the DanishInternational Development Agent (DANIDA) vol 1ndash6 Food andAgricultural organization of the United Nations Rome Italy1984
[7] AW C T Herre ldquoA list of the fishes known from the AndamanIslandsrdquoMemoirs of Indian Museum vol 13 no 3 pp 331ndash4031939
[8] P K Talwar ldquoFishes of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands asynoptic analysisrdquo Journal of Andaman Science Association vol6 no 2 pp 1ndash12 1990
[9] D V Rao K Devi and P T Rajan ldquoAn account of ichthyofaunaof Andaman andNicobar Islands Bay of Bengalrdquo Records of theZoological Survey of India Occasional Paper 178 2000
[10] K Devi and D V Rao ldquoMangrove ichthyofauna of AndamanandNicobar Islandsrdquo Records of the Zoological Survey of IndiaOccasional Paper 265 2007
[11] P Vijay andD Priya ldquoA survey of freshwater fishes of AndamanIslandsrdquo Journal of Bombay Natural History Society vol 106 no1 pp 264ndash267 2000
[12] M Kottelat A J Whitten S N Kartikasari and S Wirjoat-modjo Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and SulawesiPeriplus Editions Jakarta Indonesia 1993
[13] P J Kailola The Fishes of Papua New Guinea A Revised andAnnotated Checklist vol 1 of Myxinidae to SynbranchidaeResearch Bulletin no 41 Department of Fisheries and MarineResources Port Moresby Papua New Guinea 1987
[14] A W C T Herre ldquoCheck list of Philippine fishesrdquo ResearchReport of US Fish Wildlife Service 20 1953
[15] G R Allen and P L Munday ldquoKimbe Bay rapid ecologicalassessment the coral reefs of Kimbe Bay (West New BritainPapua NewGuinea)rdquo in Fish Diversity of Kimbe Bay G R Allenand P L Munday Eds The Nature Conservancy South Pacificprogram Office Auckland New Zealand 1994
[16] K Hatooka H Senou and M Aizawa ldquoNew records of themoray Echidna rhodochilus (Muraenidae Anguilliformes) fromJapan and Fiji Islandsrdquo IOP Diving News vol 3 no 4 pp 2ndash31992
[17] T Nakabo Fishes of Japan with Pictorial Keys to the SpeciesTokai University Press 2002
Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
ClimatologyJournal of
EcologyInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
EarthquakesJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom
Applied ampEnvironmentalSoil Science
Volume 2014
Mining
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
International Journal of
Geophysics
OceanographyInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Journal of Computational Environmental SciencesHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Journal ofPetroleum Engineering
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
GeochemistryHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Journal of
Atmospheric SciencesInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
OceanographyHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Advances in
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
MineralogyInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
MeteorologyAdvances in
The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Paleontology JournalHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
ScientificaHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Geological ResearchJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Geology Advances in
International Journal of Oceanography 3
Table 1 Comparative meristic counts and measurements of Echidna rhodochilus and Echidna nebulosa
Morphometric measurementsand meristic characters (mm)
E rhodochilus specimen 1from Port Blair
E rhodochilus specimen 2from Port Blair E rhodochilus [5] E nebulosa from
Port BlairTotal length 326 324 338 248Head length 1166 1111 mdash 1129Predorsal length 1779 1728 mdash 1008Snout length 307 309 mdash 282Postorbital length 951 957 mdash 927Eye diameter 123 093 mdash 081Preorbital length 153 154 mdash 202Upper jaw length 368 340 mdash 444Lower jaw length 368 340 mdash 363Anal length 5215 5185 mdash 4032Body depth 552 556 562 323Head depth 583 556 533 524Depth at anus 613 556 mdash 484Head length 38 36 mdash 28Snout length 2632 2778 mdash 25Postorbital length 8158 8333 mdash 8214Eye diameter 789 833 mdash 714Preorbital length 1316 1389 mdash 1786Upper jaw length 2895 3056 mdash 3929Lower jaw length 2895 3056 mdash 3214
Blair Andaman andNicobar IslandsThe identified specimenwas preserved in 5 formalin and deposited in the fisherymuseum Department of Ocean Studies and Marine BiologyPondicherry University Port Blair (PUDOSMB201021)
41 Comparative Material Examined A specimen of Echidnanebulosa (Ahl 1789) from the nearby areas of Carbynrsquos Covewas compared with E rhodochilus E nebulosa has been theonly species in the genus reported from this area so far Thebody is moderately elongate and compressed along the tailThe head has a steep profile and the snout is short and bluntthe eye is relatively small the anterior nostril is a short tubeand the posterior nostril is a simple hole with a raised rimabove and before the eye The colour is variable but typicallyyellowish-brownwith 2 or 3 longitudinal series of darker star-shaped spots along the body each with a yellow center thespots variably combined to form vertical bands smaller spotsand mottlings occur between the starry blotches No pinkspot is found on the cheek
42 Diagnosis E rhodochilus and E nebulosa present amarked colour difference the former being brown in colourand the latter with star-shaped mottled blotches There is apink spot on the cheek in E rhodochilus which is absent in Enebulosa
43 Key for the Genus Echidna Genus Echidna Forster 1777
(1a) E nebulosa pale body with two rows of star-likeblotches with centers
(1b) E rhodochilus dorsal fin origin behind gill openingbrown body with darker reticulations head pores and
Figure 3 Pink spot on the cheek
posterior nostril in small white spots white blotch onjaws below eye larger on lower jaw (Figure 3)
5 Description
Characteristically moray has an elongate slender snake-likebody a large mouth median fins confluent with caudal finand no pelvic and pectoral fins Gill opening is small androundHead and trunk are equal to or somewhat shorter thanthe tail The body is scaleless
The origin of the dorsal fin is slightly behind gill openingsand fleshy Teeth are obtusely conical in the maxillaries in 2series the outer with 14 and the inner with 9 teeth In thelower jaw posteriorly a series of about 12 teeth is presentand anteriorly two series of 6 pairs of teeth are presentthe inner of which are stouter On the vomer two completeand one irregular series of strong teeth are found on theintermaxillary plate a broad nearly oval group of teeth arefound with the outer series much smaller than the 12 much
4 International Journal of Oceanography
stouter inner ones It is brownish black with yellow fins Thespecimen preserved in formalin (5) is dark reddish brownwith a whitish pink spot on the upper and lower lips near thecorner of the mouth with this marking this species can beeasily identified
51 Remarks The morphometric characteristics of thepresent specimen are similar to specimens reported fromIndonesia [12] and significantly differ from those of Echidnanebulosa collected from Port Blair (Table 1) It has a blunthead compared to other well-knownmorays and is one of thesmaller fish of the group Maximum length is reported up to338 cm [12]
52 Habit and Habitat Adults are benthic generally inshallow water among rocks and corals they are mainlynocturnal and hide in holes and crevices during the dayTheyfeed mainly on crustaceans cephalopods and small fishesPrimarily a marine species yet shows a wide range of distri-bution also found in brackish and freshwater environmentsSome members of this family are used in the aquarium trade[13]
6 Distribution
The species is found in the Indo-West Pacific region Indone-sia and the Philippines [5 14] Papua New Guinea to NewZealand [15] and Japan to Fiji [16 17]
7 Conclusion
By comparison with a similar species occurring in the samearea and by referring to available literature on the muraenidfishes of Andaman Islands the specimen was identified andconfirmed as Echidna rhodochilus and is reported for the firsttime from India
Competing Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge sincerely the help rendered by thefisherman Mr Dhanapal (Babu) who aided the authors incollecting the samplesThe authors are indebted toMrA Sar-avanan Department of Disaster Management PondicherryUniversity for preparing the map of the study area
References
[1] I T Ramakrishna C R Sreeraj C Ragunathan R Raghu-raman P T Rajan and J S Yogeshkumar ldquoAn account ofadditions to the Ichthyofauna of Andaman andNicobar IslandsRecords of Zool Surv Indiardquo Occasional Paper 3261-140 2010
[2] G Smith David ldquoA checklist of the moray eels of the world(Teleostei Anguilliformes Muraenidae)rdquo Zootaxa vol 3474pp 1ndash64 2012
[3] E B Bohlke J E McCosker and D G Smith ldquoMuraenidaerdquo inFAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery PurposesThe Living
Marine Resources of theWestern Central Pacific K E Carpenterand V H Niem Eds vol 3 of Batoid Fishes Chimaeras andBony Fishes Part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae) FAO RomeItaly 1999
[4] J E Randall G R Allen and R C Steene Fishes of theGreat Barrier Reef and Coral Sea Crawford House PublishingBathurst Australia 2nd edition 1997
[5] M Weber and L F De Beafort The Fishes of the Indo-Austral-ian Archipelago Vol-III Ostariophysi II Cyprinoidea ApodesSynbranchi E J Brill Ltd Leiden the Netherlands 1916
[6] W Fischer and W Bianchi Eds FAO Species IdentificationSheets for Fishery Purposes Western Indian Ocean (Fishingarea 51) (Prepared and Printed with the Support of the DanishInternational Development Agent (DANIDA) vol 1ndash6 Food andAgricultural organization of the United Nations Rome Italy1984
[7] AW C T Herre ldquoA list of the fishes known from the AndamanIslandsrdquoMemoirs of Indian Museum vol 13 no 3 pp 331ndash4031939
[8] P K Talwar ldquoFishes of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands asynoptic analysisrdquo Journal of Andaman Science Association vol6 no 2 pp 1ndash12 1990
[9] D V Rao K Devi and P T Rajan ldquoAn account of ichthyofaunaof Andaman andNicobar Islands Bay of Bengalrdquo Records of theZoological Survey of India Occasional Paper 178 2000
[10] K Devi and D V Rao ldquoMangrove ichthyofauna of AndamanandNicobar Islandsrdquo Records of the Zoological Survey of IndiaOccasional Paper 265 2007
[11] P Vijay andD Priya ldquoA survey of freshwater fishes of AndamanIslandsrdquo Journal of Bombay Natural History Society vol 106 no1 pp 264ndash267 2000
[12] M Kottelat A J Whitten S N Kartikasari and S Wirjoat-modjo Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and SulawesiPeriplus Editions Jakarta Indonesia 1993
[13] P J Kailola The Fishes of Papua New Guinea A Revised andAnnotated Checklist vol 1 of Myxinidae to SynbranchidaeResearch Bulletin no 41 Department of Fisheries and MarineResources Port Moresby Papua New Guinea 1987
[14] A W C T Herre ldquoCheck list of Philippine fishesrdquo ResearchReport of US Fish Wildlife Service 20 1953
[15] G R Allen and P L Munday ldquoKimbe Bay rapid ecologicalassessment the coral reefs of Kimbe Bay (West New BritainPapua NewGuinea)rdquo in Fish Diversity of Kimbe Bay G R Allenand P L Munday Eds The Nature Conservancy South Pacificprogram Office Auckland New Zealand 1994
[16] K Hatooka H Senou and M Aizawa ldquoNew records of themoray Echidna rhodochilus (Muraenidae Anguilliformes) fromJapan and Fiji Islandsrdquo IOP Diving News vol 3 no 4 pp 2ndash31992
[17] T Nakabo Fishes of Japan with Pictorial Keys to the SpeciesTokai University Press 2002
Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
ClimatologyJournal of
EcologyInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
EarthquakesJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom
Applied ampEnvironmentalSoil Science
Volume 2014
Mining
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
International Journal of
Geophysics
OceanographyInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Journal of Computational Environmental SciencesHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Journal ofPetroleum Engineering
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
GeochemistryHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Journal of
Atmospheric SciencesInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
OceanographyHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Advances in
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
MineralogyInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
MeteorologyAdvances in
The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Paleontology JournalHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
ScientificaHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Geological ResearchJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Geology Advances in
4 International Journal of Oceanography
stouter inner ones It is brownish black with yellow fins Thespecimen preserved in formalin (5) is dark reddish brownwith a whitish pink spot on the upper and lower lips near thecorner of the mouth with this marking this species can beeasily identified
51 Remarks The morphometric characteristics of thepresent specimen are similar to specimens reported fromIndonesia [12] and significantly differ from those of Echidnanebulosa collected from Port Blair (Table 1) It has a blunthead compared to other well-knownmorays and is one of thesmaller fish of the group Maximum length is reported up to338 cm [12]
52 Habit and Habitat Adults are benthic generally inshallow water among rocks and corals they are mainlynocturnal and hide in holes and crevices during the dayTheyfeed mainly on crustaceans cephalopods and small fishesPrimarily a marine species yet shows a wide range of distri-bution also found in brackish and freshwater environmentsSome members of this family are used in the aquarium trade[13]
6 Distribution
The species is found in the Indo-West Pacific region Indone-sia and the Philippines [5 14] Papua New Guinea to NewZealand [15] and Japan to Fiji [16 17]
7 Conclusion
By comparison with a similar species occurring in the samearea and by referring to available literature on the muraenidfishes of Andaman Islands the specimen was identified andconfirmed as Echidna rhodochilus and is reported for the firsttime from India
Competing Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge sincerely the help rendered by thefisherman Mr Dhanapal (Babu) who aided the authors incollecting the samplesThe authors are indebted toMrA Sar-avanan Department of Disaster Management PondicherryUniversity for preparing the map of the study area
References
[1] I T Ramakrishna C R Sreeraj C Ragunathan R Raghu-raman P T Rajan and J S Yogeshkumar ldquoAn account ofadditions to the Ichthyofauna of Andaman andNicobar IslandsRecords of Zool Surv Indiardquo Occasional Paper 3261-140 2010
[2] G Smith David ldquoA checklist of the moray eels of the world(Teleostei Anguilliformes Muraenidae)rdquo Zootaxa vol 3474pp 1ndash64 2012
[3] E B Bohlke J E McCosker and D G Smith ldquoMuraenidaerdquo inFAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery PurposesThe Living
Marine Resources of theWestern Central Pacific K E Carpenterand V H Niem Eds vol 3 of Batoid Fishes Chimaeras andBony Fishes Part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae) FAO RomeItaly 1999
[4] J E Randall G R Allen and R C Steene Fishes of theGreat Barrier Reef and Coral Sea Crawford House PublishingBathurst Australia 2nd edition 1997
[5] M Weber and L F De Beafort The Fishes of the Indo-Austral-ian Archipelago Vol-III Ostariophysi II Cyprinoidea ApodesSynbranchi E J Brill Ltd Leiden the Netherlands 1916
[6] W Fischer and W Bianchi Eds FAO Species IdentificationSheets for Fishery Purposes Western Indian Ocean (Fishingarea 51) (Prepared and Printed with the Support of the DanishInternational Development Agent (DANIDA) vol 1ndash6 Food andAgricultural organization of the United Nations Rome Italy1984
[7] AW C T Herre ldquoA list of the fishes known from the AndamanIslandsrdquoMemoirs of Indian Museum vol 13 no 3 pp 331ndash4031939
[8] P K Talwar ldquoFishes of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands asynoptic analysisrdquo Journal of Andaman Science Association vol6 no 2 pp 1ndash12 1990
[9] D V Rao K Devi and P T Rajan ldquoAn account of ichthyofaunaof Andaman andNicobar Islands Bay of Bengalrdquo Records of theZoological Survey of India Occasional Paper 178 2000
[10] K Devi and D V Rao ldquoMangrove ichthyofauna of AndamanandNicobar Islandsrdquo Records of the Zoological Survey of IndiaOccasional Paper 265 2007
[11] P Vijay andD Priya ldquoA survey of freshwater fishes of AndamanIslandsrdquo Journal of Bombay Natural History Society vol 106 no1 pp 264ndash267 2000
[12] M Kottelat A J Whitten S N Kartikasari and S Wirjoat-modjo Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and SulawesiPeriplus Editions Jakarta Indonesia 1993
[13] P J Kailola The Fishes of Papua New Guinea A Revised andAnnotated Checklist vol 1 of Myxinidae to SynbranchidaeResearch Bulletin no 41 Department of Fisheries and MarineResources Port Moresby Papua New Guinea 1987
[14] A W C T Herre ldquoCheck list of Philippine fishesrdquo ResearchReport of US Fish Wildlife Service 20 1953
[15] G R Allen and P L Munday ldquoKimbe Bay rapid ecologicalassessment the coral reefs of Kimbe Bay (West New BritainPapua NewGuinea)rdquo in Fish Diversity of Kimbe Bay G R Allenand P L Munday Eds The Nature Conservancy South Pacificprogram Office Auckland New Zealand 1994
[16] K Hatooka H Senou and M Aizawa ldquoNew records of themoray Echidna rhodochilus (Muraenidae Anguilliformes) fromJapan and Fiji Islandsrdquo IOP Diving News vol 3 no 4 pp 2ndash31992
[17] T Nakabo Fishes of Japan with Pictorial Keys to the SpeciesTokai University Press 2002
Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
ClimatologyJournal of
EcologyInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
EarthquakesJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom
Applied ampEnvironmentalSoil Science
Volume 2014
Mining
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
International Journal of
Geophysics
OceanographyInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Journal of Computational Environmental SciencesHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Journal ofPetroleum Engineering
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
GeochemistryHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Journal of
Atmospheric SciencesInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
OceanographyHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Advances in
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
MineralogyInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
MeteorologyAdvances in
The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Paleontology JournalHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
ScientificaHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Geological ResearchJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Geology Advances in
Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
ClimatologyJournal of
EcologyInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
EarthquakesJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom
Applied ampEnvironmentalSoil Science
Volume 2014
Mining
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
International Journal of
Geophysics
OceanographyInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Journal of Computational Environmental SciencesHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Journal ofPetroleum Engineering
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
GeochemistryHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Journal of
Atmospheric SciencesInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
OceanographyHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Advances in
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
MineralogyInternational Journal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
MeteorologyAdvances in
The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Paleontology JournalHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
ScientificaHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Geological ResearchJournal of
Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014
Geology Advances in
![Research Article First Record of the Pink Lipped Moray Eel ...downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2016/6098027.pdf · sia and the Philippines [ ,], Papua New Guinea to New Zealand [ ],](https://static.fdocuments.us/doc/165x107/605f20c94384c21d7f64b423/research-article-first-record-of-the-pink-lipped-moray-eel-sia-and-the-philippines.jpg)
