Research and Educa-onal Ini-a-vesutc.ices.cmu.edu/utc/summit-presentations-2016/donath...Research...
Transcript of Research and Educa-onal Ini-a-vesutc.ices.cmu.edu/utc/summit-presentations-2016/donath...Research...
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ResearchandEduca-onalIni-a-ves
MaxDonathDirector
RoadwaySafetyIns-tute
UTCSafetySummitMarch31,2016
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HumanCenteredSolu/onstoAdvanceRoadwaySafetyResearchOverview
• RailCrossingSafety• DriverAssistSystems(teenageandolderdrivers,snowplow
operators)• TribalLands• VulnerableUsers(pedestrians,bicyclists,thevisuallyimpaired)• IntersecDonSafety• SafetyPolicies;BeHerdata• ImpairedDrivers(DWIandobstrucDvesleepapnea)• ConnectedVehicles(V2VandV2X)• Workzones:Workersafety/driverdistracDon• SafetyfordesignandoperaDons• Countermeasuresforwrongwaydrivingandrun-off-roadcrashes• SeehHp://www.roadwaysafety.umn.edu/research/index.html
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ReliablePlanningandCoordina/onofEmergencyResponsestoRailroadIncidents
YanfengOuyang,DepartmentofCivilandEnvironmentalEngineeringUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign
• Railroadincidents(thoseinvolvinghazardousmaterial)posesignificantthreats– Safety,publichealthandtheenvironment– HugeissueinMidwesternstatessuchasIllinois,Wisconsin,andMinnesota
• Challengesforemergencyresponsesystems– EmergencyresponsevulnerabletoincidentsandinduceddisrupDons–must
bereliable,smart,andinformed– CatastrophicimpactonmulDpleenDDesand/orjurisdicDons–mustbe
coordinated
AlbertConte/TheJournalNews/lohud.com www.davisvanguard.org www.fortlauderdale.gov
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• Developingtools&guidelinesforstrategicallyposiDoning,allocaDng,andoperaDngemergencyresourcesinanDcipaDonofrailincidents– CapturingprobabilityandcorrelaDonofincidentsalong
spaDallydistributedrailroadnetworks[Xieetal.,2015]– Emphasizingvulnerabilityoftheemergencyresponsesystem
itself,suchastheriskofdisrupDonstothetransportaDonnetworkforfirst-responders(e.g.,blockageofrailroadcrossings)[Xieetal.,2016]
– OpDmizingcoordinaDonofemergencyrespondersfrommulDplejurisdicDons(e.g.,thosefromdifferentstatesandprivatesector)[Anetal.,2016]
• Casestudieswithreal-worldcontextanddata– OutreachtoIllinoisandMinnesotagovernmentagencies
• PackagingmodelandalgorithmintopracDcaldecision-supporttoolsforpolicymakers,andfieldimplementaDon
Year1(completed)
Year2(ongoing)
Year3
JournalArDcles:(1)Xie,S.,Li,X.andOuyang,Y.(2015)Transporta)onResearchPartB,80:64-81;(2)Xie,S.,An,K.andOuyang,Y.(2016)Transporta)onResearchPartB.Underrevision.(3)An,K.,Xie,S.andOuyang,Y.(2016)WorkingPaper,UniversityofIllinois.
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AssessingSevereInjuryRisksinReserva/onAreasKathyQuickandGuillermoNarváez,UniversityofMinnesota
OngoingcollaboraDonorconsultaDonwithtribes
Gathercommunitystakeholders’
insightsoncrashrisks
CharacterizepaHerns(risks,informaDongaps,successstories,priority
needs)
Translatefindingsintostrategiesforresources,
management,andpolicy
OngoingcollaboraDonwithAmerican
Indiancommunityleaders
Motorvehiclecrashes-LeadingcauseofunintenDonalinjuryfornaDveAmericans/AlaskannaDvesages1to44
AdultmotorvehiclerelateddeathratesfornaDveAmericansis:2xthatofwhitesandalmost2xthatofblacks
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MethodologicalinnovaDons• CollaboraDngwith4tribalgovernmentsonextensivecasestudies• CreatedmethodsforeliciDngnewkindsofdataandfindings
! DevelopedandtestedtoolsforgatheringnewkindsofdataaboutroadwaysafetyrisksinreservaDons
! RemediessomecommonlyfounddataqualitylimitaDonsforreservaDons
! UndertakingintensiveefforttosharethesemethodsandtoolswithtribalgovernmentsfortheirusethroughmeeDngsorganizedbytribalgovernmentsandIndianaffairsorganizaDons,TRB,Lifesavers,etc.
• Engagedinextensiveon-sitework:– 77researcherdayson-siteonreservaDons– 101in-depthinterviewswithkeyinformants– Tablinganddatagatheringfrom199reservaDonresidentsat9communityevents
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Findingstodate
• ThesafetyofpedestriansinroadwaysisatopicofveryelevatedconcernonreservaDons,disDnguishingthemfromruralroadwaysafetyissuesmoregenerally.
• Accordingtoresidentsandlawenforcement,driverandbehaviorissues(texDng,speeding,impairment)onreservaDonsapplytonon-residentsasmuchasastoreservaDonresidents.
• CoordinaDonproblemsamongjurisdicDonsmaybeimpedingenforcement,roadengineeringandmaintenance,andrecord-keepingtoidenDfyandaddresskeysafetyconcerns.
• Mixedfeedbackonsafetyrestraintsystemuse.InsomereservaDons,educaDoneffortsimproveuseandinothersitdoesnot,suggesDnganeedforaddiDonalresearchoneffecDveeducaDonmethods.
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ImminentCollisionWarningSystemforBicyclesW.JeonandR.Rajamani,UniversityofMinnesota
Schema-csofsensorsandelectronicsoninstrumentedbicycle
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BicycleCrashStaDsDcs:" Over48,000bicyclist-motoristcrashesand677bicyclistfataliDesin
theU.S.(2011)" Detailed10-yearstudyofcrashesinthecityofMinneapolis:
# 41%ofbicyclist-motoristcrasheshappenatintersecDons,another40%occurwithin50feetofintersecDons
# MotoristfailstoseebicyclistinalargefracDonofaccidents# Themostcommonpre-crashmaneuversforbicyclistsare
$ BicyclistridingACROSSroadway(46%)
$ BicyclistridinginthedirecDonoftraffic(29.8%)
Needforablackboxrecorderonbicycles:" Mostoqen,nodataisavailableforpolicetoanalyzeamotorist-
bicyclecrash" Inadequateevidencetoprosecutethemotorist
(“IsitOKtoKillCyclists?”NYTimes,Nov10,2013)
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ObjecDves:" DevelopmentofasensorsystemandanassociatedimminentcollisionpredicDon
systemforabicycle" Sensorsonbicyclewilladdressthefollowingthreetypesofcrashes
6.8
77.2
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77.2
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RearCollision SideCollisionwithaRightTurning
Vehicle
SideCollisionWhileBicycleisRidingACROSS
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Challenges/InnovaDons
" Collision warning/ avoidance systems on cars are frontal collision prevention systems # A bicycle, however, needs rear and side collision
prevention systems # Much more complex collision scenarios
" Cost, size and weight of electronics have significant constraints on a bicycle # Total allowed cost on a bicycle < $500 # To use inexpensive sensors, need novel estimation
and tracking algorithms
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RearCollisonPrevenDonVideo–TrackingRearApproachingVehicle" VideoshowsmoDoncontroloftherearlasersensor" Rearvehicleturnstowardsbicycleandreceivesaudiblewarning
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ComputerizedCrashReportsUsabilityandDesignInves/ga/on
• Minnesota’selectroniccrashreportwasoutdatedandtoorigidforeasyandaccuratedataentry– IniDaDve:RebuildtheenDrecrashrecordsdatabase– Opportunitytocompletelyrebuildthecrashreportinterfacewiththe
userinmind
• Goal:Designandcreateacrashreportinterfacethatimprovesaccuracy,speed,reliability,andmeaningfulnessofcrashreportdata– UDlizeHumanFactorsanalysesandprinciples– CapitalizeontheexperienceandexperDseoflawenforcement
NicholeMorris,HumanFIRSTLab,UniversityofMinnesota
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Phase1:HumanFactorsAnalysis
• AssessexisDngcrashreportusingHFprinciplestoaddresshumanandsystemperformanceissues
– HierarchicalTaskAnalysis• 175stepsforreporDngonasingleunitcrash• Breakdownof151:24representeddivisionofresponsibiliDes
betweentheuser&system
– CogniDveWalkthroughAnalysesandInterviews• 12officersfrom7agencies
– CardSorDngTaskandSurvey• 167officersfrom68agencies
• MainFindings:– Userspreferredaone-to-manystructure– MulDplereliabilityissues– Manycomponentsunclearregardingrules
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Phase2:Design&UsabilityTesDng• Aim:Build2mockinterfacesbasedonfindingsofPhase1
– Wizard:Step-by-stepqueries;predeterminedorder– Form:Clearlydividedinterface;lessrestricDveworkflow– EmbeddecisionaidsandintelligentrevealfuncDonsintoboth
• Conducted4majorroundsofusabilitytesDng– 59lawenforcementofficersfrom32agencies– Assessederrorrate,usabilityandacceptance,andmentaldemand
• Results:Preferenceaveragedtoa50/50split– Bothinterfaceswererecommendedforuse– Nosignificantdifferencesinusability,mentaleffortorduraDon
betweeninterfaces• FormslightlybeHerundercomplexscenarios
• ShiKofResponsibili/esbetweenuserandsystem– Nearly1:1raDo!
Form Wizard Total#Screens 20 97 Avg.Fields/Screen 16.95 3.25 RequiredUserEntry 165 151 PossibleSystemEntry 174 164 TotalEntryFields 339 315
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FinalResultsandImplementaDon• Researchersworkedwiththestatevendor,Appriss,toputboth
interfacesintopracDce– AssistedwithQualitycontrol,BetaTesDng,UserAcceptanceTesDng
– ConDnuedusabilitytesDngtoguidefinalmodificaDons• Wherearewenow?
– ThesystemwentliveJan1st,2016– ~40,000crasheshavebeenloggedinthenewreports(byearlyMarch,2016)
– LimitedneedfortrainingandposiDvefeedback!• What’snext?
– Measureaccuracyandcompletenessofnewcrashdata– Monitoruse,reliability,andaccuracyofcrashreporDngacrossthedifferentinterfaces
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ExploringRela/onshipsbetweenMedicalCondi/onsandSafetyPerformanceinCommercialDrivers
StephenBurksandJonAndersonUniversityofMinnesota,Morris
Incollabora-onwithHarvardMedicalSchool,VirginiaTechTransporta-onIns-tute,andundergraduateresearchstudentsattheUniversityofMinnesotaMorris
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• Focus:ObstrucDveSleepApnea(OSA)incommercialdrivers.AddressingpotenDaldifferencesincrashrisksandmedicalinsurancecostsbyOSA-status(diagnosis,andifposiDve,treatmentsuccess).
• Importance:SignificantresistanceamongindustrystakeholderstoregulaDonsrequiringOSAscreeningandtreatmentforcommercialdriversbasedonperceivedbenefitsandcosts.Medicalinsurancecostdifferencestotheoperatormayprovideasignificantoffseyngbenefit.
• RecentPublica/on:PaperconnecDngtherefusaltoadheretomandatedsleepapneatreatmentamongdriverswithOSAwithincreasedriskofapreventableDOT-reportableheavytruckcrash.Journal:Sleep,webrelease3/21/16.
• Currentac/vity:UsingseveraldifferentstaDsDcalapproachestoquanDfythedifferencesinmedicalinsurancecostsbytreatmentadherenceamongtractor-trailerdrivers,diagnosedposiDveforobstrucDvesleepapneacomparedtoappropriatecontrols.
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• Whathasbeenlearnedthusfar?Comparedtocontrolswhowerescreenedunlikelytohavethedisease,driverswithOSAwhoareNOTtreatment-adherenthavea5-foldincreaseintheriskofapreventableDOT-reportablecrash,anddriverswithOSAwhoAREtreatment-adherentarenotstaDsDcallydifferentfromcontrols.
• Interpreta/on:If1,000driversofeachtypeworkedforoneyear(100,000miles)thecontrolsandadherentdriverswouldhaveabout14preventableDOT-reportableheavytruckcrashes.Non-adherentdriverswithOSAwouldhave70.
• PublicPolicyIssue:Becausethesedriverswerediagnosedinaprograminternaltoaspecificmotorcarrier,non-adherentdriverswithOSAcanchoosetoquit(asdid60%ofstudysubjects)andworkatacarrierwithoutsuchaprogrambykeepingtheirdiagnosisprivate.
• Impactofresearch:TheseresultswillbescruDnizedintheAdvanceNoDceofProposedRulemakingjointlyannouncedbytheFederalMotorCarrierSafetyAdministraDonandtheFederalRailroadAdministraDononMarch8,2016.
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EnhancingWorkerSafetyusingDSRC-basedV2X:Warningvehicleoperatorsregardingworkerpresence
M.ImranHayee,UniversityofMinnesotaDuluth
Ordinaryvehicle
DSRC-equippedvehicle
Construc/onvehiclewithDSRC-equippedmonitor
WorkerwearingDSRCunit
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WorkZoneFataliDes
• Workzonerelatedaccidentscause20,000injuriesand100deathsamongworkerseveryyear.
• 35%oftotalworkzoneaccidentsresultfromheavymachineryhiyngaworker.Majorityofdeathsoccurduetotheseaccidents.
• TheproposedprojectcanhelpminimizethesefataliDesbyprovidingimprovedsituaDonalawarenesstoheavymachineoperators.
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SystemDevelopment
• TesDngFeasibilityofWearableDSRCDeviceforWorkers• DevelopingDSRC-basedWarningInterfaceforConstrucDon
VehicleandSoqwarefortheDSRC-basedMonitoringSubsystem
DSRCUnitLoca/onofworkers
Machineoperator
DSRCequippedvehicleindrivinglane
DSRC-MONITORInterface
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Trackingtrajectoryofworkerwalkingaroundvehicle
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Educa/onandWorkforceDevelopmentAc/vi/es
– PedestriansafetyexhibitindevelopmentwithTheWorksMuseumforK-12audience,openingJune2016
– SummercampintroducingtransportaDonsafetytoNaDveAmericanstudentsingrades4-8
– 18travelawardstostudentstoaHendregionalandnaDonalconferences,includingStudentoftheYear
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TechnologyTransferAc/vi/es
– Hosted3pedestriansafetyworkshopsinWisconsin,Indiana,andOhiofornearly100transportaDonprofessionalsacrosstheregiontodiscussnewinnovaDonsandidenDfycommonissues
– DevelopedanddeliveredanimplementaDon-focusedwebinarserieswithRegion7UTCatIowaStateUniversity
– PublishedRSIBiennialReport
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