RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: SHAPING THE FUTURE OF BRAZIL · The untold story of financial exclusion...

ABEP-UK 2015-2016

President Armando M.B. de CASTRO Vice-President Valdir ERMIDA Executive Director Tatiana MARTINEZ Finance Director Vitor MORENO Project Director Billy GRAEFF Project Director Geraldo Marques de OLIVEIRA

www.abep.org.uk

[email protected]

VIII ABEP-UK CONFERENCE COLLABORATORS

coordination & chairmanship Armando M. B. de CASTRO & Vitor MORENO scientific committee & co-chairmanship Valdir ERMIDA & Billy GRAEFF publicity & promotion & website Lucas G. S. FRANCA & Tatiana MARTINEZ graphical design & edition Vanissa WANICK photography Sergio ESPERANCINHA volunteers Thomas HERMANN

VIII ABEP CONFERENCE | 13rd-14th May 2016 - King’s College London 36 years

Associaton of Brazilian Postgraduate Students and Researchers in the United Kingdom 3

TABLE OF CONTENTS

China’s Central-Local Relations And The Developmental State ........................... 7

Exercise Training As Heart Failure Treatment – Basic Mechanisms Underlying Modulation .................................................................................................................. 10

Stonecrabs Tieta - From The Iconic 800-Page Novel To A Dark Comic Play Using Music, Storytelling And Breaking-Form Theatre ....................................... 12

Porous Degradable Polymer Microspheres For Drug Delivery ........................... 14

Cuidado Integral Às Pessoas Com Doença Falciforme No Brasil E Inglaterra: Potencialidades E Desafios Aos Sistemas De Saúde .......................................... 16

Predicting Virus-Host Interactions Using .............................................................. 18

Evolutionary And Structural Approaches .............................................................. 18

Effects Of Stress On Cognitive Function ............................................................... 20

A Contribution To The Design Of Learning In Massive Open Online Courses . 23

Climate Warming, N-Fertilisation And Above-Ground Biomass Removal Interact To Affect C And N Cycling And Ghg Emissions From Temperate Grassland Soil............................................................................................................ 25

The Influence Of Menstrual Cycle Phase On Flexibility And Jump Performance In Dancers: Interactions With Mtu Structural And Functional Characteristics . 27

Currency Hierarchy And Internationalisation: Determinants And Implications For Monetary Policy In Brazil ................................................................................... 30

Pelé, Romário And Ronaldo: The 2014 Fifa World Cup And The Social Trajectory Of Former Brazilian Football Stars....................................................... 33

Representation And Integration: The Logic Of Regional Parliaments Around The World ................................................................................................................... 38

Vinasse Application And Cessation Of Burning In Sugarcane Management Can Have Positive Impact On Soil Carbon Stocks ....................................................... 41

O Sample Como Enunciação Ideológica No Discurso Da Canção De Periferia 43

Microfossils and how they put fuel in your car ..................................................... 45

New Approaches To Develop Novel Leptospirosis Vaccines ............................. 47

Multilayer Membranes For Intermediate Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells At Low Humidity .............................................................................................. 49

The Geographies Of Academic Conferences On Regional Development In Brazil, 1986-2013 ........................................................................................................ 51

Calvarial osteogenesis at the neural-crest mesoderm interface ........................ 53

A Brazilian Writer In The War: Antonio Callado’s English Years During The Second World War..................................................................................................... 55

Literature Review: The Most Common Metastasis Mechanisms ........................ 57

The untold story of financial exclusion in Brazil: a realist approach to the origins and determinants of financial practices in low income communities. . 63



Carbon Capture Process Via Adsorption Technology ......................................... 65

Food Waste Valorization: Drivers & Opportunities ............................................... 67

Domination Strategies In Struggles Over Mega-Events’ Development Projects: The Rio De Janeiro And The Johannesburg Cases .............................................. 69

Is Brazil’s Research Up-To-Date? Evolution Of Country Image Studies ........... 71

Rural Geography And Globalization: Building A Theoretical Approach From Brazil In The Contemporary World .......................................................................... 74

Chemical Analysis Of Trace Elements In Yerba Mate .......................................... 76

Towards A Dance Highlighted By Shadow And Darkness .................................. 77

Dançando Com A Própria Sombra .......................................................................... 80

The Natural Threat Of Uranium In Outcrop Rocks: The Case Of São José De Espinharas - Hinterland Of The Porto De Suape/Brazil ........................................ 82

A Feasibility Study Of A Group-Based Model To Deliver Postnatal Care In Socially Disadvantaged Communities .................................................................... 84

Investigating the effects of pharmacological blockade of PPAR-α and PPAR-β/δ on formalin-evoked nociceptive behaviour, fear-conditioned analgesia and conditioned fear in the presence of nociceptive tone in rats. ............................. 87

Addressing Food Security In A Changed Climate By Understanding Wheat Yield Improvement .................................................................................................... 89

Uso Do Discurso Do Sujeito Coletivo Como Ferramenta De Análise Em Pesquisas Acerca Da Psicodinâmica Do Trabalho ............................................... 91

Martim Goncalves – Bridges And Networks Between Brazil And Uk In The Following Ii World War .............................................................................................. 93

Race And Colour Shaping "Otherness": The Voice Of Migrants Black Brazilian Women In The Uk ...................................................................................................... 95

Universal Church and Domestic Violence Services in Brazil: The Fight over ‘Gender’ and Implications for Victims of Violence and Brazilian Secularism ... 97

Exploring bondaries in many-particle quantum systems .................................... 99

Academic Vocabulary: An Analysis Of How Brazilian Students Write Academic English ...................................................................................................................... 101

Evaluation Of Long-Term Function In Animals After Distal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion ...................................................................................................... 103

Small Farmers And Land Concentration: Perspectives And Law .................... 105

eSports and Olympic Games: situational analysis of Rio 2016 case study .... 108

Sports Mega-events and Tourism Destination Image of Brazil: Foreigners’ Intentions to Attend the 2016 Olympic Games .................................................... 110

Sports Mega-events and Advergames: an analysis of Mario and Sonic in Rio 2016 Olympic Games .............................................................................................. 112

The Understanding Of Critical Thinking Trough’s Construction Under The Use Of Digital Technology Devices: A Theory Proposed By Cybernetics Science 114



Ferdinand Rebay’s Chamber Sonatas: Context, Analysis, Performance And Reception.................................................................................................................. 116

Estudo Comparativo De Sais Do Neurotransmissor Tiramina .......................... 118

Vitamin D Supplementation In Brazilian Women Living In Opposite Latitudes (The D-Sol Study) .................................................................................................... 121

Climate And Carbon Cycle Dynamics In The Eocene-Oligocene Boundary Based On Palynological Analyses From Mississippi, Gulf Coast Plain .......... 123

Habitat Use, Environmental Drivers and Connectivity of fishes among nearshore habitats .................................................................................................. 125

Sustainable Epoxy Resins For Maritime Application: Project Overview And Preliminary Results ................................................................................................. 128

Differentially expressed genes in high grade ovarian serous carcinoma of responsive and non-responsive patients to chemotherapy .............................. 131

Interaction Between Cognitive Ability, Energetics And Personality In Hermit Crab ........................................................................................................................... 133

Obesity: Is This Global Epidemic Also Leading To Cancer? ............................ 135

Eural Correlates Of Number Processing In Infants And Children Born Very Preterm ..................................................................................................................... 137

Minimum Shielding Gas Flow Rate Analysis In Gmaw Process ....................... 139

Development, Reliability And Validity Of The Self-Regulation Of Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (Srebq) For Adults ...................................................... 141

From London 2012 To Rio 2016: Sport And Physical Activity Promotion And The Olympic Games ................................................................................................ 143

Poster presentation: ............................................................................................... 145

Name of the author(s)/Institution: ......................................................................... 145

Individual Acceptability Of Positive Incentives For Sustainable Mobility Behaviour: A Segmentation Approach In Curitiba, Brazil ................................. 147

The Role Of Forensic Toxicology: A Focus On The Nbome Drugs And Novel Extraction Methods ................................................................................................. 151

Development of nano-in-micro dry powder formulations for pulmonary delivery using a supercritical fluid technology .................................................................. 153

Neuroinflammation In The Thalamus: Could It Point To Central Post Stroke Pain? ......................................................................................................................... 155

James Joyce And The Presence Of Milton .......................................................... 158

Developing Novel Sustainable Functional Food Ingredients ............................ 160

Demonology And Evil Beings From Ancient Times: Investigating The Dead Sea Scrolls ....................................................................................................................... 163

Circulating Tumour Cells: A Multifunctional Biomarker .................................... 165

Análises Espaço E Espaço-Temporal Dos Casos Novos De Hanseníase No Estado Do Paraná .................................................................................................... 169



Tradition and technology: Mapping shifting cartographies of Afro-Brazilian memory and heritage in Rio de Janeiro’s port region ........................................ 171

Development of a novel biological approach for dentine repair ....................... 173

Analysis Of Pharmaceuticals Toxicological Effects On Algae.......................... 174



CHINA’S CENTRAL-LOCAL RELATIONS AND THE

DEVELOPMENTAL STATE

Alexandre De Podestá Gomes

PhD Candidate in Economics, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London [email protected]

Abstract: According to some accounts, the Chinese economic growth since the early 1980s

could be framed through the lenses of the Developmental State theory and the East Asian

Model. In this sense, China would be one more country following the strategy successfully

devised by the post-war Japan and emulated by other East Asian countries. Nevertheless,

when looking at the Chinese experience, many caveats arise. The impressive Chinese

record on economic growth in the last three decades has been accompanied by an

embracement of ‘globalization’ and also by devolution of power towards local governments.

Albeit the Chinese national state remains a dominant agent in decision-making, especially

when it comes to industrial (technological) upgrading, the ‘policy space’ has re-scaled to

both the global level (multinational corporations play an important role on China’s economy)

and to the local level. Therefore, we must assess the issue of the central government state

capabilities and the corporate coherence of the national bureaucracy. If the party-state is

able to oversight/monitor local cadres and discipline rent-recipients (economic rents created

by the state’s industrial policies), policy implementation, as envisaged by the central level,

can occur with minor deviations. If not, rent-seeking behaviour and corruption are likely to

become widespread, thwarting the state’s ability to steer national (industrial) projects of

accumulation. In this sense, the analyses of the so-called central-local relations deserve a

fundamental place in studying the case of China as a developmental state.

Keywords: Central-Local Relations, Chinese Economy, Developmental State, Rent-Seeking, Industrial

Policies

MODE OF PRESENTATION: ORAL COMMUNICATION

References:

Amsden, A. (2009) “Firm Ownership, FOE’s and POE’s”. United Nations University, UNU-

WIDER. Research Paper No. 2009/46. November 2009.

Amsden, A. & Chu, W. (2003) “Beyond Late Development: Taiwan’s Upgrading Policies”.

The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Aoki, M. (1990) “Toward an Economic Model of the Japanese Firm”, Journal of Economic

Literature, 1990, vol.28 (1), March 1990, pp.1-27;



Baek, Seung-Wook (2005) “Does China Follow "the East Asian Development Model"?

Journal of Contemporary Asia; 2005; 35, 4; pg. 485 – 498

Beeson, Mark (2009) “Developmental States in East Asia: A Comparison of the Japanese

and Chinese Experiences”. Asian Perspective, Vol.33, No.2, 2009, Pg. 5-39.

Bolesta, A. (2007) “China as a Developmental State”. Montenegrin Journal of Economics

Nº5, pg. 105 – 111

Breslin (2012) “Government-Industry Relations in China: A Review of the Art of the State”

(Chapter 2). In: Walter, A. & Zhang, Xiaoke “East Asian Capitalism” (2012).

Caldeira, Emilie (2012) “Yardstick Competition in a Federation: theory and evidence from

China”. China Economic Review (December 2012)

Cao, C., Parker, R., Appelbaum, R. (2011) “Developmental State and Innovation:

Nanotechnology in China” Global Networks, 11, 3 (2011) 298–314

Cumings, B. (1999) “Web with no Spiders, Spiders with no Webs: The Genealogy of the

Developmental State” In: The Developmental State

Chang, H.J. (1999) “The Economic Theory of the Developmental State” In: The

Developmental State

Chang, H.J (2006) “The East Asian Development Experience: The Miracle, the Crisis and

the Future”. Zed Books Ltd., New York, NY.

Edin, Maria (2003) “State Capacity and Local Agent Control in China: CCP Cadre

Management from a Township perspective”. The China Quarterly, No. 173 (Mar., 2003), pp.

35-52

Evans, P. (1989) “Predatory, Developmental and other Apparatuses: A Comparative

Analysis of the Third World State”. Sociological Forum. Vol.4, No. 4, 1989

Fine, B. (2013) “Beyond the Developmental State: An Introduction” In: Fine, Saraswati &

Tavasci (Eds) “Beyond the Developmental State”. Pluto Press, London.

Gerlach, Michael (1989) “Keiretsu Organization in the Japanese Economy: Analysis and

Trade Implication” In: Johnson, C., Tyson, L., & Zysman, J. (Eds) “Politics and Productivity:

How Japan’s Development Strategy Works”. Ballinger Publishing Company.

Howell, J. (2006) “Reflections on the Chinese State”. Development and Change, 37 (2): 273-

297

Johnson, C. (1982) “MITI and the Japanese Miracle”. Stanford University Press.

Johnson, C. (1995) “Japan: Who Governs? The Rise of the Developmental State”

Johnson, C. (1999) “The Developmental State: Odyssey of a Concept” In: The

Developmental State

Kay, Cristobal (2002), ‘Why East Asia overtook Latin America: Agrarian Reform,

Industrialisation and Development’, Third World Quarterly, vol 23 (6), pp. 1073-1102



Lin, J., Hahn, D., Lee, K. (2002) “Is China Following the East Asian Model? A ‘Comparative

Institutional Analysis’ Perspective”. The China Review, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Spring 2002), 85-120

Lazonick, W. (2004) “Indigenous Innovation and Economic Development: Lessons from

China’s Leap into the Information Age”, Industry and Innovation, 11:4, 273-297

Lo, Dic (2003) “China, the ‘East Asian Model’ and Late Development”. Department of

Economics Working Papers No.131. School of Oriental and African Studies, University of

London.

Lo, D. & Wu, M. (2014) ‘The state and industrial policy in Chinese economic development’,

in J.M. Salazar-Xirinachs, I. Nübler, and R. Kozul-Wright eds. Transforming Economies:

Making Industrial Policy Work for Growth, Jobs and Development, Geneva, International

Labour Office

Nolan, Peter (2004) “China at the Crossroads”. Polity Press and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Pirie (2013) “Globalization and the Decline of the Developmental State”, In Fine, B.,

Saraswati, J. and Tavasci, D. eds. Beyond the Developmental State, Pluto Press

Poon, D. (2012) “China's move up the value chain: Implications for Canada”,

Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, 18:3, 319-339

Wade, Robert (1990) “Governing the Market”. Princeton: Princeton University Press

Wade, Robert (2005) “Bringing the State Back In: Lessons from East Asia’s Development

Experience”. IPG, 2005

White, Gordon (1993) “Riding the Tiger: The Politics of Economic Reform in Post-Mao

China”. Stanford University Press. Stanford, California.

Woo-Cumings, M. (1999) “Introduction – Chalmers Johnson and the Politics of Nationalism

and Development” In: The Developmental State



EXERCISE TRAINING AS HEART FAILURE TREATMENT – BASIC

MECHANISMS UNDERLYING MODULATION

Aline R. Bezerra Gurgel, Michael Dunne, Godfrey Smith, Ole Kemi.

Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences. College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, West Medical Building - University of Glasgow G12 8QQ [email protected]

Abstract: Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome resulting from the inability of the cardiac

pump to satisfy the energy requirements of the body. Projections show that the global

prevalence of HF will increase 46% between 2012 and 2030, resulting in more than 8 million

individuals above the age of 18 years with HF. This syndrome is the outstanding cause of

hospitalization in South America and considering the Brazilian scenario, the DATA-SUS

records illustrate that in 2012 there were 26,694 deaths in Brazil as a result of HF. Among

1.137.572 admissions related to circulatory diseases in that same year, around 21% were

associated to HF.

The failing heart induces neurohormonal activation that alters cardiac and skeletal muscle

function and morphology, leading to a clinical state of generalized metabolic myopathy,

exertional fatigue and energetic collapse. In this way, patients with HF can experience

diminished exercise tolerance, worsening in health and well-being, which contributes to

reduced quality of life.

Exercise training is emerging as an important intervention in the HF treatment, since it

reduces the incidence morbidity and mortality in patients on optimal pharmacological

therapy. In this study, we explore the underlying causes of improvement following exercise

training after onset of myocardial infarction-induced HF. Controlled chronic high-intensity

aerobic treadmill running or untrained control was administered 4 weeks after induction of

coronary artery ligation resulting in myocardial infarction and subsequent HF in rats. This

previously established intensity-controlled treadmill exercise protocols mimic human

adaptations.

Exercise training showed to increase aerobic capacity and cardiac activity by ameliorating

autonomic mechanisms and so, unloading the heart through vascular and skeletal muscle

improvements. Exercise training showed to be capable to improve global heart function,

restore exercise and ventilatory capacity, and partly reverse the classical cellular alterations

observed in failing hearts. In this perspective, to integrate exercising training programs in the

management of HF patients with acceptable inclusion criteria, can be a secure and non-

costly approach, since its effects on clinical manifestations and quality of life showed to

benefit cardiac and skeletal muscle functions.



Keywords: Cardiac muscle, Exercise training, Heart Failure, Skeletal muscle.


References:

BREATHE. Racionalidade e métodos: estudo BREATHE - I registro brasileiro de

insuficiência cardíaca. Arq. Bras. Cardiol. [online]. 2013, vol.100, n.5 pp.390-394. Available

from:

<http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0066782X2013000500001&lng=en

&nrm=iso>. ISSN 0066-782X. http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/abc.20130093.

Kemi OJ, Hoydal MA, Haram PM, et al. Exercise training restores aerobic capacity and

energy transfer systems in heart failure treated with losartan. Cardiovasc Res 2007;76:91-99

Wisloff U, Loennechen JP, Currie S, et al. Aerobic exercise reduces cardiomyocyte

hypertrophy and increases contractility, Ca2+ sensitivity, and SERCA2 in rat after

myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res 2002;54:162-174

Stoylen A, Conraads V, Halle M, et al. Controlled study of myocardial recovery after interval

training in heart failure: Smartex-hf–rationale and design. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2012; 19: 813–

821.

van Tol BA, Huijsmans RJ, Kroon DW, et al. Effects of exercise training on cardiac

performance, exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with heart failure: a meta-

analysis. Eur J Heart Fail 2006;8:841-850

Kemi OJ, Haram PM, Loennechen JP, et al. Moderate vs. high exercise intensity: differential

effects on aerobic fitness, cardiomyocyte contractility, and endothelial function. Cardiovasc

Res 2005;67:161-172

Rognmo O, Hetland E, Helgerud J, et al. High intensity aerobic interval exercise is superior

to moderate intensity exercise for increasing aerobic capacity in patients with coronary artery

disease. Eur J cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2004;11:216-222

Ventura-Clapier R. Exercise training, energy metabolism, and heart failure. Appl. Physiol.

Nutr. Metab 2009;34:336–339.



STONECRABS TIETA - FROM THE ICONIC 800-PAGE NOVEL TO A

DARK COMIC PLAY USING MUSIC, STORYTELLING AND

BREAKING-FORM THEATRE

Almiro Andrade

King’s College London [email protected]

Abstract: The collaborative process exposes one directly to the ‘otherness’, to the look of

another towards their own work, which constitutes the main purpose of theatre. Pavis

acknowledges the phenomenon of translating for the stage as going beyond the interlingual

translation of a dramatic text, paying close attention to its intended audience and its rhythm

or aural competence to interpret the mise-en-scène being translated.

On the other hand, Bassnett believes that the theatre translator is asked to accomplish the

impossible - to treat a text written for the stage as if it were a literary text - proposing as a

strategy for that something she calls the “co-operative translation” – when the translator

works with an artistic team who can provide input to the translation of the text, working

towards a production.

This paper intends to analyse the process of adaptation and translation of Tieta by

StoneCrabs artistic director Franko Figueiredo, where I worked as a dramaturge, translating

a 800-page novel for stage/on stage, and what losses and gains are involved in dramaturgic

translation where a devising performance process with the aid of actors is employed and to

what extent this process generates different approaches and solutions to the challenges of

cultural translation.

The approaches explored see translation as the core of any devising process, as each and

every step of a stage play - from the words written or agreed by cast as script to the

performance moment observed by its intended audience members - is an act of translation,

a reconfiguration of specific and diffuse senses of culture.

The practice of storytelling and the actor-audience relationship took centre stage at this

Research & Development process. The 'Narrator' emerged as a critical part of the script. We

explored ways of interacting with the audience, using all four cast members as storytellers

driving Tieta from beginning to end. Considering the development of the script and the

centrality of the Narrator, we explored staging Tieta in a thrust space.

Throughout the whole of our R&D we drew upon many approaches, techniques and

practices from international theatre. To help tap into the earthy and grounded nature of the

story, and to enhance conflicts and tensions between characters, we utilised Suzuki. To

create the common gestures and language of the characters, we drew on Kantor and his art

of repetition. At a climactic point of the story, between the two sisters Tieta and Perpetual,



we created a sequence from Nihon-Buyon to express the embedded tensions in their

relationship. This range of international practices supported and enhanced the storytelling.

Franko gave me absolute freedom to collaborate, exploring with the actors their response to

stimuli in regards to plot points or themes we were intending to discuss within this project,

always bringing the ideas towards his final goal of a full length script which told the story of

his ‘Tieta’. The combination of the concepts of collaborative creation and authorial translated

drama may seem paradoxical, nevertheless the boundaries of authorship are what should be

challenged throughout this practical research.

Keywords: collaborative theatre, collaborative creation, co-operative translation, cultural appropriation,

devising for performance, Brazilian theatre translation .

MODE OF PRESENTATION: ORAL COMMUNICATION.

References:

Aaltonen, Sirkku. “Time-Sharing on Stage. Drama Translation in Theatre and Society”.

Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Ltd, 2000.

Amado, Jorge. “Tieta do Agreste”. São Paulo: Cia das Letras, 2009.

Amado, Jorge. “Tieta”. Translated by Barbara Shelby Merello. London: Abacus, 1982.

Bassnett, Susan. “Ways through the Labyrinth: Strategies and Methods for Translating

Theatre Texts”. Hermans, Theo (ed.) The Manipulation of Literature. London: Croom Helm,

97-103, 1985.

Benjamin, Walter. “The Story Teller”.In Illuminations. Ed. por Hannah Arendt. London:

Pimlico, 1999, 83-107.

Eaton, Kate. New voices in Translation Studies 4, Special Conference Issue: ‘With/out

Theory: The Role of Theory in Translation Studies Research’, UCL, UK, April 2008.

Fischer, Stella. “Processo colaborativo e experiências de companhias teatrais brasileiras”.

São Paulo: Hucitec, 2010.

Johnston, David (ed). “Stages of Translation”. Bath, Absolute Classics, 1996.

Mermikides, Alex. “Forced Entertainment – The Travels (2002) – The antitheatrical director”.

Making Contemporary Theatre: International Rehearsal Processes. Jen Harvie and Andy

Lavender eds. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2010. pp. 101-120.

Pavis, Patrice. “Theatre at the Crossroads of Culture”. Translated by Loren Kruger. London

and NewYork: Routledge, 1992.

Zatlin, Phyllis. “Theatrical Translation and Film Adaptation: A Practitioner’s View”. Clevedon:

Multilingual Matters, 2005.



POROUS DEGRADABLE POLYMER MICROSPHERES FOR DRUG

DELIVERY

Ana Letícia Braz1, Dr. Derek Irvine2 and Dr. Ifty Ahmed1

Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom. [email protected]

Abstract: Degradable polyesters, such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA),

polycaprolactone (PCL), and their copolymers, e.g. polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) are

synthetic polymers that can be formed into micro and nano-spheres for controlled

therapeutic delivery [1], They exhibit excellent biocompatibility, predictable degradation

behavious and suitable mechanical properties for tissue engineering [2] and delivery of

cancer therapeutics [3]. Furthermore their degradation products are eliminated by metabolic

pathaways [4] and elimination via the kidney. Degradation rate can be controlled by polymer

composition, and molecular weight, and further depends on size (diameter/thickness) and

porosity of the polymer matrix, and pH of the environment. It is possible to produce micro-

and nanospheres of these polyesters via emulsion processing [5, 6], down to sizes small

enough for internalisation by cells. The spheres can act as vehicles for otherwise fragile

chemical structures such as proteins and nucleic acids are commonly destroyed during the

manufacture process using high temperature or in the relatively potentially high pH

conditions inside the body, for example in the gastrointestinal tract [7]. These polymeric

spheres are frequently used for therapeutic encapsulation and have demonstrated

successful delivery in vivo with increased efficacy against tumor activity[8].

This study focuses on emulsion processing to realise highly porous microspheres that can

act as vehicles for therapeutic delivery. A parametric study was undertaken to realise

microspheres with tunable sizes and porosities, which will later influence their degradation

and therapeutic release.

The microparticles realised have different degrees of spherecity, porosity, surface

morphology and sizes dependent on processing parameters and formulation. The

microspheres showed a size between 100 and 16 µm and different level of porosity, which

influence the application of these particles in different types of site such as lung delivery.

Keywords: Drug delivery, polymer, porous microspheres.

MODE OF PRESENTATION: 3 MINUTE + 1 SLIDE PRESENTATION.



References

Almería, B., et al., Controlling the morphology of electrospray-generated PLGA

microparticles for drug delivery. Journal of colloid and interface science, 2010. 343(1): p.

125-133.

Luciani, A., et al., PCL microspheres based functional scaffolds by bottom-up approach with

predefined microstructural properties and release profiles. Biomaterials, 2008. 29(36): p.

4800-4807.

Rahman, C.V., et al., Adjuvant chemotherapy for brain tumors delivered via a novel intra-

cavity moldable polymer matrix. PloS one, 2013. 8(10): p. e77435.

dos Santos Almeida, A., et al., Development of hybrid nanocomposites based on PLLA and

low-field NMR characterization. Polymer Testing, 2012. 31(2): p. 267-275.

Salager, J., F. Nielloud, and G. Marti-Mestres, Pharmaceutical emulsions and suspensions.

Drugs Pharm. Sci, 2000. 105: p. 19-72.

Fan, J.-B., et al., Nanoporous microspheres: from controllable synthesis to healthcare

applications. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2013. 1(17): p. 2222-2235.

Mukhopadhyay, P., et al., pH-sensitive chitosan/alginate core-shell nanoparticles for efficient

and safe oral insulin delivery. International journal of biological macromolecules, 2015. 72: p.

640-648.

Pandey, S.K., et al., Anti-cancer evaluation of quercetin embedded PLA nanoparticles

synthesized by emulsified nanoprecipitation. International journal of biological

macromolecules, 2015. 75: p. 521-529.



CUIDADO INTEGRAL ÀS PESSOAS COM DOENÇA FALCIFORME

NO BRASIL E INGLATERRA: POTENCIALIDADES E DESAFIOS AOS

SISTEMAS DE SAÚDE

Ana Luisa de Araujo Dias 1, 2

Karl Atkin 1

Sangeeta Chatoo 1

Leny Alves Bonfim Trad 2

1 University of York 2 Universidade Federal da Bahia Email principal da autora: [email protected]

Resumo: Doença falciforme (DF) é o nome dado a um conjunto de patologias

hematológicas hereditarias que podem ter impacto significativo na vida das pessoas com a

doença e suas famílias. Está entre as cinco condições genéticas mais comuns no mundo,

sendo reconhecida pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) com um problema de saúde

pública global, dado que há registros em 71% dos países no mundo. Considerada grave, a

condição pode levar a alta vulnerabilidade a infecções graves, crises intensas de dor,

acidente vascular cerebral, complicações cardiopulmonares e renais, úlceras de perna,

lesões osteoarticulares entre outros. A expressão dessas consequências está relacionada a

um conjunto de fatores não somente fisiológicos, mas também socieconômicos, ambientais

e de acesso a servicos de saude de qualidade. Sem o cuidado adequado a DF pode afetar

significativamente a qualidade de vida ou mesmo levar a morte antes dos 5 anos de idade.

Apesar da potencial gravidade já é reconhecido mundialmente que medidas como

diagnóstico precoce (no nascimento), seguido de assistência com equipe de saúde e

informação disponibilizadas a familia reduzem significativamente o risco de morte e a

ocorrência dos agravos além de potencializar a qualidade de vida. Contudo a DF tem sido

historicamente negligenciada sendo incipientes as pesquisas e politicas de saude voltadas a

ela. Tal constatação reflete o racismo institucional, tendo em vista que a doença é mais

comum na população negra. Neste sentido, há uma grande relevância no estabelecimento

de parcerias entre diferentes países para uma melhor compreensão da experiencia das

pessoas com DF, bem como do impacto das políticas de atenção integral a ela voltadas. O

presente projeto destaca o Brasil e a Inglaterra, países com histórias e condições sócio

econômicas bem diferentes mas com sistemas de saude de base universal. Ambos

possuem alta incidência da doença, políticas de saúde especificas voltadas a doenca

falciorme, bem como organizações não-governamentais (ONGs) que tem DF como



motivação. Assim, a proposta é partir da base das ciências sociais em saúde para

desenvolver uma pesquisa qualitativa composta por dois estudos de caso, cada um focando

um país. Propõem-se analisar a relação entre as politicas de saúde e a atuação das ONGs

relacionadas a doença falciforme em ambos os paises. Partimos do pressuposto de que

atraves da analise das politicas de saúde e organizações não govermentais é possivel

discutir as condições de vida e experiência de pessoas com doença falciforme bem como

compreender se e de que modo a trajetorias das organizacoes e das politicas de saúde são

delineadas a partir da experiência destas pessoas. Através da pesquisa espera-se ser

possível discutir as semelhanças e diferenças, apontando possíveis diálogos entre as duas

realidades de maneira a contribuir para o estabelecimento de potenciais parcerias e

avanços na garantia do direito a saude das pessoas com doença falciforme. Esperamos

ainda estimular o desenvolvimento de novos estudos que venham a contribuir para ampliar

a visão global da realidade das pessoas com doença falciforme bem como das politicas de

saude a ela relacionadas, descontruindo a historia de negligência que cerca esta população.

Palavras–chave: doença falciforme, equidade em saude, sistemas universais de saude, racismo

institucional,

MODALIDADE DE APRESENTAÇÃO: APRESENTAÇÃO DE 3 MINUTOS + 1 SLIDE.

Referências:

BROWN, Phil, et al. "Embodied health movements: new approaches to social movements in

health." Sociology of health & illness 26.1 (2004): 50-80.

Cançado, Rodolfo. D.; Aragão, Joice.A. A doença falciforme no Brasil. Rev. Bras. Hematol.

Hemoter. São José do Rio Preto,. v.29, n.3, p. 203-206, July/Sept. 2007.

DIAS, Ana Luisa A. A (Re)Construção do caminhar: itinerário terapêutico de pessoas com

Doença Falciforme com histórico de úlcera de perna. Dissertação de Mestrado. Instituto de

Saúde Coletiva. Universidade federal da Bahia. 2013.

DYSON, Simon M.; ATKIN Karl. "Sickle cell and thalassaemia: global public health issues

come of age." Ethnicity & health 16.4-5 (2011): 299-311.

DYSON, Simon M.; ATKIN Karl. "Sickle Cell and Thalassaemia: Why Social Science is

Critical to Improving Care and Service Support." Genetics and Global Public Health: Sickle

Cell and Thalassaemia (2012).

WEATHERALL D. The inherited disorders of haemoglobin: an increasingly neglected global

health burden. The Indian Journal of Medical Research. 2011;134(4):493-497.



PREDICTING VIRUS-HOST INTERACTIONS USING

EVOLUTIONARY AND STRUCTURAL APPROACHES

Anderson Brito; John Pinney

Centre for Integrative Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Imperial College London [email protected]

Abstract: Building on advances in Structural Biology, comparative approaches can be

applied to transfer the knowledge from widely studied molecular systems to neglected ones

(Marti-Renom, et al. 2000), allowing us to understand not just the evolution of related

proteins, but also comprehend how their interactions evolve at the molecular level (Aloy, et

al. 2003). It means that we are now in a position where genomic, proteomic, and structural

data can be integrated to model not just interactions between host and viral proteins known

to interact, but also between pairs that potentially interact in events of cross infection.

In this study, the structure of a host Nectin bound to a Herpesviral glycoprotein D was

selected as template for homology modelling (Zhang, et al. 2011). Using the program

MODELLER (Sali and Blundell 1993), all potential pairwise associations between nine

herpesviral glycoproteins (gD/gG) and 600+ host nectin-like proteins were modelled,

allowing us to extract structural properties, and evaluate if variations in these properties can

be used to predict protein-protein interactions (PPIs).

The first structural property we explored was the ‘carbon-α geometric deviation of interface

residues’ (iRMSD), which was measured by aligning the template structure with the 5,000+

models generated. Interestingly, scatterplots of iRMSD against interface sequence similarity

have shown no correlation between these variables, observation that fits with the existing

understanding that even proteins with contrasting levels of similarity can still retain similar

folds and interaction modes.

Since MODELLER construct homology models by satisfaction of spatial restraints (Sali and

Blundell 1993), our results suggest that models with high iRMSD could be the result of

geometric incompatibilities between target and template interfaces, and conversely,

complexes showing low iRMSD probably have similar binding modes, and are more likely to

represent true PPIs. These findings indicate that variations in iRMSD could be used as a

‘measure of evolutionary change’ to predict events of interaction gain and loss along viral

and host evolutionary histories (Pinney, et al. 2007; Ratmann, et al. 2009).

Keywords: Host-Virus Interaction, Molecular Evolution, Protein-Protein Interaction, Homology

Modelling, Structural Biology




References:

Aloy P, Ceulemans H, Stark A, Russell RB 2003. The relationship between sequence and

interaction divergence in proteins. J Mol Biol 332: 989-998

Marti-Renom MA, et al. 2000. Comparative protein structure modeling of genes and

genomes. Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct 29: 291-325. doi:

10.1146/annurev.biophys.29.1.291

Pinney JW, Amoutzias GD, Rattray M, Robertson DL 2007. Reconstruction of ancestral

protein interaction networks for the bZIP transcription factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:

20449-20453. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0706339104

Ratmann O, Wiuf C, Pinney JW 2009. From evidence to inference: probing the evolution of

protein interaction networks. HFSP J 3: 290-306. doi: 10.2976/1.3167215

Sali A, Blundell TL 1993. Comparative protein modelling by satisfaction of spatial restraints.

J Mol Biol 234: 779-815. doi: 10.1006/jmbi.1993.1626

Zhang QC, Petrey D, Norel R, Honig BH 2010. Protein interface conservation across

structure space. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107: 10896-10901. doi:

10.1073/pnas.1005894107



EFFECTS OF STRESS ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION

Andressa Silva Eidt

Queen Mary University of London [email protected]

Abstract:

Background Stress is a physiological phenomenon that occurs when the human body

reacts to unexpected stimulus considered dangerous and difficult to overcome. This

phenomenon has numerous negative repercussions when it becomes chronic and can lead

to physical implications such as headaches, hair loss, irritability, digestive problems and a

wide range of signs and symptoms. Complaints related to stress have become more

frequent due to the hectic way of life that most people are living. It is known that chronic

stress has negative implications on cognitive function, and this may happen through “long-

lasting functional and structural changes in the brain” (Aggarwal, 2014, p8). The mechanism

by which stress influence cognition remains not well understood, because of the complex

and multifactorial nature of this association.

Results: Data available tend to show that there is a negative relationship between stress

and cognitive function and this can be due the effects of the acute and chronic release of

glucocorticoids in the brain, in areas such as the hippocampus and striatum (1-7). Findings

suggest the occurrence of a wide range of modifications in the brain under chronic stress

such as neuronal loss and hippocampus atrophy (8-10). Besides, a reduced performance in

memory and intellectual tasks was associated with stress in different human trials (11-12).

Evidence points out the importance of the individual reaction to stress over the number of

negative events it has been through, allowing the implication that what accounts to decrease

in cognition is the self-perception of stress and the ability of the person to cope with it (13).

Data remains inconclusive concerning stress as a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer’s

disease development (14-16).

Conclusion: The fully understanding of the association between stress and cognition is

extremely important to public health since both stress and cognitive impairment are

increasing in incidence and affecting a larger number of people every year. It is clearly that

stress negatively impacts cognition, however, further research with superior methodology is

required to clarify the mechanism by which it happens. Additional understanding of this f ield

may allow the development of preventive measures and even treatment methods.



Keywords: Cognitive function, Glucocorticoids, Stress


References

1. Lupien, S.J., Maheu, F., Tu, M., Fiocco, A. et al (2007) The effects of stress and stress

hormones on human cognition: Implications for the field of brain and cognition. Brain and

Cognition 65 209–237

2. Leng, Y., Wainwright, N. W. J., Hayat, S., Stephan, B. C. M. et al (2013) The association

between social stress and global cognitive function in a population-based study: the

European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk study. Psychological

Medicine, 43, 655–666.

3. H. Eichenbaum (2001) The hippocampus and declarative memory: cognitive mechanisms

and neural codes. Behav Brain Res. 127(1-2):199-207

4. Marin, M.F., Lord, C., Andrews, J., Juster, R.P. et al (2011) Chronic stress, cognitive

functioning and mental health. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. 96, 4, 583–595

5. De Leon, M.J., Mcrae, T., Rusinek, H., Convit, A. et al (1997) Cortisol Reduces

Hippocampal Glucose Metabolism in Normal Elderly, but Not in Alzheimer’s Disease.,

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 82,10 3251 -3259

6. de Quervain, D. J.F., Roozendaal, B., Nitsch, R.M., McGaugh, J.L., et al (2000) Acute

cortisone administration impairs retrieval of long-term declarative memory in humans. nature

neuroscience 3, 313 – 314

7. Sapolsky, R.M., Krey, L.C. and McEwen, B.S. (1986) The Neuroendocrinology of Stress

and Aging: The Glucocorticoid Cascade Hypothesis. Endocr. Rev. 7, 284-301.

8. Lupien, S.J., de Leon, M., de Santi, S., Convit, A. et al. (1998) Cortisol levels during

human aging predict hippocampal atrophy and memory deficits. nature neuroscience 1, 69-

73

9. MacLullich, A.M., Deary, I.J., Starr, J.M., Ferguson, K.J. et al (2005) Plasma cortisol

levels, brain volumes and cognition in healthy elderly men. Psychoneuroendocrinology.

30(5):505-15.

10. Leverenz, J.B., Wilkinson, C.W., Wamble, M., Corbin, S. et al (1999) Effect of Chronic

High-Dose Exogenous Cortisol on Hippocampal Neuronal Number in Aged Nonhuman

Primates. The Journal of Neuroscience, 19(6):2356–2361

11. Atsak, P., Guenzel, F.M., Kantar-Gok, D., Zalachoras, I. et al (2016) Glucocorticoids

mediate stress-induced impairment of retrieval of stimulus-response memory.

Psychoneuroendocrinology. 67:207-215.



12. Guenzel, F.M., Wolf, O.T., and Schwabe, L. (2013). Stress disrupts response memory

retrieval. psychoneuroendocrinology 38, 1460—1465

13. Aggarwal, N.T., Wilson, R.S., Beck, T.L., Rajan, K.B. et al (2014) Perceived Stress and

Change in Cognitive Function Among Adults Aged 65 and Older. Psychosom Med. 76(1):

80–85

14. Johansson, L., Guo, X., Waern, M., O¨ stling, S. et al (2010) Midlife psychological stress

and risk of dementia: a 35-year longitudinal population study. Brain 133; 2217–2224

15. Wilson, R.S., Evans, D.A., Bienias, J.L., de Leon, C.F.M. et al (2003) Proneness to

psychological distress is associated with risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology, 61:1479–

1485

16. Sundström, A., Rönnlund, M., Adolfsson, R. and Nilsson, L.G. (2014) Stressful life

events are not associated with the development of dementia. International Psychogeriatrics,

26:1, 147–154



A CONTRIBUTION TO THE DESIGN OF LEARNING IN MASSIVE

OPEN ONLINE COURSES

Aracele Fassbinder1,2,3; Ellen Francine Barbosa2; George Magoulas3

1Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of South of Minas Gerais, Brazil 2Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of São Paulo, Brazil 3London Knowledge Lab, Birkbeck College, University of London, United Kingdom [email protected]

Abstract: Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are an instance related to the Open

Education Movement [3]. They are characterized as online courses, offering unlimited

participation to students and open access via the web. The term MOOC was used for the

first time in 2008 to describe a connectivist course offered by the University of Manitoba,

Canada. This course and its successors led to the development of a MOOC model named

cMOOC. Since 2012, the popularity of MOOCs has increased considerably mainly due to

new educational and technological MOOC experiments developed by American and

European start-ups, such as Coursera, edX, Udacity and Future Learn. At that time, a new

model of MOOCs emerged, the so called extensionists MOOCs or xMOOCs, which have

been considered as an important mechanism for democratizing access to education.

Although promising, most of the current xMOOCs are still based on traditional teaching

models, which also contributes to the high dropout rates. Designing attractive and motivating

online courses for large scale delivery still remains a challenge. Furthermore, the

widespread discussion about the potential of MOOCs has stimulated universities and

enterprises to develop courses using MOOC open platforms such as Google Course Builder,

open edX, and Tim Tec on their own technological infrastructure. However, practical

guidelines on learning design in MOOCs is still unavailable, leaving many instructional

designers to rely on their own experiences when designing MOOCs.

This work in progress aims to address these challenges by establishing and validating a

model to support MOOC teams in designing for learning in MOOCs. The model is based on

a set of linked and complementary fundamental approaches from the education and

educational technology areas and aims to support teaching and learning practice in MOOCs

considering the main gaps identified before. The main approaches combined are: (i) Flipped

Classroom Teaching Method as a pedagogical base [1, 2], (ii) Agile Software Engineering as

an organizational support, and (iii) Design Thinking as a strategy for innovation.

Accordingly, Educational Design Research [4] was applied to achieve this research purpose.

The model has been developed by analysing current strategies used to design learning in

MOOCs. We also carried out a survey where MOOC instructors were asked about their



experiences of designing MOOCs. A first Small Private Online Course (SPOC) was also

designed as an experimental case study to demonstrate, in a practical context, the feasibility

of using Flipped Classroom principles to design this type of virtual and massive course. This

case study was also used as an initial validation of the model-in-progress.

As initial results, an overview of strategies to design for learning in MOOCs and the main

challenges involved has been briefly presented and analyzed. A conceptual model based on

Flipped Classroom fundamentals, Agile Software Engineering practices, and Design

Thinking ideas has been initially defined to support teams to design learning experiences in

MOOCs. Next steps in our research include the evolution of this model towards an approach

for recording design experience in the form of design patterns for learning design in MOOCs,

and the developing of a pattern language for MOOCs.

Keywords: Flipped Classroom, Learning design, MOOCs, Pedagogy, Technology enhanced learning.

MODE OF PRESENTATION: POSTER PRESENTATION.

References

[1] A. G. O. Fassbinder, M. Fassbinder, and E. F. Barbosa, "From flipped classroom theory

to the personalized design of learning experiences in MOOCs," Frontiers in Education

Conference (FIE), IEEE, 2015.

[2] J. Bergmann and A. Sams, “Flip your classroom: Reach every student in every class

every day,” International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE), 2012.

[3] A. G. O. Fassbinder, M. E. Delamaro, and E. F. Barbosa, "Construção e Uso de MOOCs:

Uma Revisão Sistemática," Anais do Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação. Vol.

25. No. 1. 2014.

[4] T. Plomp and N. Nieveen, “An introduction to educational design research,” In:

Proceedings of the seminar conducted at the East China Normal University, Shanghai. 2007.

Available at

http://www.slo.nl/downloads/2009/Introduction_20to_20education_20design_20research.pdf.

http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/enhancement/toolkits/technology-enhanced-learning-tel-toolkit



CLIMATE WARMING, N-FERTILISATION AND ABOVE-GROUND

BIOMASS REMOVAL INTERACT TO AFFECT C AND N CYCLING

AND GHG EMISSIONS FROM TEMPERATE GRASSLAND SOIL

Arlete Simões Barneze, Jeanette Whitaker, Niall McNamara, Nick Ostle

Lancaster University and Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Main author email: [email protected]

Abstract: Globally populations are undergoing unprecedented growth, with the human

population estimated to grow by two to three billion people within the next few decades,

meaning that intensification (e.g. increases in nitrogen (N)-fertiliser use and/or grazing) of

agricultural land for food and fuel will increase. Alongside, effects of global changes,

including climate warming, on terrestrial biodiversity, nutrient cycling and ecosystem services

have been changed. The challenge is to develop innovative agricultural approaches which

protect and/or enhance ecosystem biodiversity and functions, including soil carbon (C)

sequestration and the mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG), whilst delivering more food

sustainably. To address this, most of studies have studied only a single factor. Interactions

among multiple climate and management factors can affect soil ecosystem in ways that are

not easily predictable from measuring a single factor. The aim of this study was to

investigate how climate warming and temperate grassland management (N-fertiliser and

ABG removal) interact to affect grassland N and C cycling and GHG emissions from soil.

The research also investigates the resistance of plant-soil interactions and soil C cycling to

physical perturbations in conditions, including climate. Ecosystem perturbation will be

interacting with soil microbial diversity, regulating C and N cycling and GHG emissions.

Specific hypotheses will be addressed: 1) N and warming will increase N2O emissions by

increasing N mineral in the soil, accelerated by microbial activity, while increase plant N

assimilation, enhancing soil respiration affecting on primary productivity; 2) ABG removal

and warming will reduce plant canopy affecting CO2 fluxes due to reduction of respiration

and reduces N2O fluxes due to C-limited soil system; 3) Plant C removal interacts to N

addition will decrease N2O emissions due to C-limited and decrease respiration. GHG fluxes

were measured using closed static chamber method from May to October, 2015. Soils

sampled were analysed for total C and N, NH4+/NO3

- concentrations and microbial

communities (PFLA). In the end of the growing season, plant/root traits and above/below-

ground biomass were determined. Linear mixed-effects models were conducted in R, with

single treatments and interactions treated as fixed effects, while block was treated as

random effect nested within dates. The results showed that warming instead reduced the

effect of N on N2O emissions. It also increased the concentration of N in the root and leaf

compartments. The challenge now is to understand what was the primary mechanism for



this reduction: increase in plant N uptake due to increased temperature or changes in

microbial activity due to decrease of soil moisture. Further experiments are ongoing to

access this question of this PhD project.

Keywords: Carbon and nitrogen cycle, climate change, ecosystem processes, GHG emissions, nitrogen.

MODE OF PRESENTATION: POSTER PRESENTATION

References:

Butterbach-Bahl K, Baggs EM, Dannenmann M, Kiese R, Zechmeister-Boltenstern S. 2013

Nitrous oxide emissions from soils: how well do we understand the processes and their

controls? Phil Trans R Soc B 368: 20130122.

Hamilton, E.W.; Frank, D.A. 2001. Can plants stimulate soil microbes and their own nutrient

supply? Evidence from a grazing tolerant grass. Ecology 82, 2397-2402.

Lutz, W.; Samir, K.C. 2010. Dimensions of global population projections: what do we know

about future population trends and structures? Philosophical transactions of the Royal

Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences 365, 2779-2791.

Ostle, N.J.; Levy, P.E.; Evans, C.D.; Smith, P. 2009. UK land use and soil carbon

sequestration. Land Use Policy 26, Supplement 1, S274-S283.

Rustad, L.E. 2001. A Meta-Analysis of the response of soil respiration, net nitrogen

mineralization, and aboveground plant growth to experimental ecosystem warming.

Oecologia 126: 543–562.



THE INFLUENCE OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE PHASE ON

FLEXIBILITY AND JUMP PERFORMANCE IN DANCERS:

INTERACTIONS WITH MTU STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL

CHARACTERISTICS

Bárbara Pessali-Marques*, Gladys Onambele-Person*, Adrian Burden*, Vincent Cacalano*

and Islay McEwan*

*Manchester Metropolitan University [email protected]

Abstract: The menstrual cycle occur as a direct result of variations of blood concentrations

of female hormones. It is composed of three phases: follicular, ovulatory and luteal (Bell et

al., 2014; Teixeira et al., 2012). Some studies found modifications in joint laxity (Bell et al.,

2014), tendon stiffness (Onambélé et al., 2007), muscle strength, proprioception and muscle

activation patterns, in line with circulating levels of female hormones. However, other

studies found no difference in similar variables (Burgess et al., 2010; Teixeira et al., 2012).

If the presence of relatively high levels of oestrogen and/or progesterone were associated

with decreased stiffness of ligamentous tissues, this reduction would increase initial muscle

shortening velocity, degree of muscle shortening, muscle fascicle pennation angle at rest

and during contraction, ultimately affecting force-production capacity. During the stretch

shortening cycle a stiffer MTU induces better transmission of the force via the tendon directly

to the bone and shortens the coupling time between eccentric and concentric phases

(Ochala et al., 2007). In addition, MTU stiffness is known to be connected to the central

nervous system, once the sensation of pain during the stretches, controlled by

mechanoreceptors, is influenced by stiffness. This way, a reduced stiffness would lend itself

to greater tendon deformation for equivalent forces (Onambélé et al., 2007).

Considering that flexibility and jumping abilities, both crucial for dancers’ performance, could

be influenced by MTU stiffness, and that this (Brughelli and Cronin, 2008)appears to be

affected by key menstrual cycle hormones, the aim of this research is to determine the

effects of MCP in MTU characteristics in jump and flexibility performance in dancers and

non-dancers to predict any modifications in dance performance. Also, determine whether

different levels of dancers are equally affected by the endocrine fluctuations induced through

the MCP. This will allow the development of training strategies to improve performance and

potentially avoid injuries.

Methods: The volunteers will receive a kit to measure the ovulation phase. To confirm the

menstrual cycle phase, venepuncture samples and blood chemiluminescent tests will be

carried out. Testing will take place on four days: familiarization, follicular, ovulatory and luteal

mailto:[email protected]




phases. Forms will be filled to characterize the subjects (personal information, injuries and

exercise practiced).

Anthropometry and ultrasound images: body weight, height, percentage of fat,

circumferences and length of the segments. Ultrasound images of the MTU of the biceps

femoris and rectus femoris.

Passive flexibility: supine on the Cybex isokinetic dynamometer, with the lever arm attached

to the ankle. The hamstrings will be stretched until the maximum tolerated by the participant.

They will press in a control when they start to feel the stretching; 6 trials will be done.

Active flexibility: standing with feet parallel on Cybex, one ankle attached at the lever arm; 3

trials of flexion and extension of the hip will be done.

Vertical jumps: countermovement jump and squat jump from a force platform; 3 trials of each

jump.

Passive stretch: 4 series of passive static stretch for 30 seconds will be done supine on

Cybex.

Tests will be recorded (3D analyses) to analyse the influence of pelvic movement and

electromyography of the agonists and antagonists muscles will be done.

Participants: students and professionals dancers, non-dancers, 18-30 years. Sample size:

12 per group.

Key words: Dancers, Flexibility, Jumps, Menstrual Cycle Phases, Muscle-tendon Unit.

PRESENTATION MODALITY: 3 MINUTE + 1 SLIDE

References:

Bell, D., Blackburn, J., Hackney, A., Marshall, S., Beutler, A. and Padua, D. (2014) 'Jump-

landing biomechanics and knee-laxity change across the menstrual cycle in women with

anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.' Journal of Athletic Training, 49(2) pp. 154-162.

Brughelli, M. and Cronin, J. (2008) 'A review of research on the mechanical stiffness in

running and jumping: methodology and implications.' Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and

Science in Sports, 18(4) pp. 417-426.

Burgess, K. E., Pearson, S. J. and Onambélé, G. L. (2010) 'Patellar Tendon Properties With

Fluctuating Menstrual Cycle Hormones.' Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(8)

pp. 2088-2095.

Ochala, J., Lambertz, D. and Pousson, J. V. H. M. (2007) 'Changes in muscle and joint

elasticity following long-term strength training in old age.' European Journal of Apllied

Physiology, 100(5) pp. 491-498.



Onambélé, G., Burgess, K. and Pearson, S. (2007) 'Gender-Specific in vivo measurement of

the structural and mechanical properties of the human patellar tendon.' Journal of

Orthopaedic Research, 25(12) pp. 1635-1642.

Teixeira, A. L. d. S., Junior, W. F., Marques, F. A. D., Lacio, M. L. d. and Dias, M. R. C.

(2012) 'Influence of different phases of menstrual cycle on flexibility of young women.'

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 18(6) pp. 361-364.



CURRENCY HIERARCHY AND INTERNATIONALISATION:

DETERMINANTS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR MONETARY POLICY

IN BRAZIL

Bianca de Souza Lima Orsi

University of Leeds [email protected]

Abstract: This paper aims to identify the determinants of currency hierarchy and

internationalisation with a focus on the emerging economies. Another objective is to

empirically assess the implications of currency internationalisation and currency hierarchy

over monetary policy in order to formulate recommendations regarding monetary policy

autonomy and exchange rate policy. The debate on currency internationalisation has

become a central issue of discussion in the international community, as globalization has

increased the volume of international capital flows across the countries. In the absence of a

single universal currency that fulfils the money functions at the international level, multiple

currencies are available for transactions in the international market. The higher degree of

integration between countries from the "global north", i.e. developed economies, with those

from the "global south", should have enhanced the internationalisation of currencies from

emerging economies. However, one can observe that only a few currencies issued by

developed countries are generally used as a means of payment, unit of account and store of

value at the international level. Therefore, the current international monetary system is

asymmetric in that some currencies are more widely used in the international market, and for

more purposes, than others. Within this asymmetric system, currencies can be understood

as having a hierarchical rank, with central currencies issued by developed countries placed

at the highest positions and peripheral currencies at the lowest. Most of the literature on

currency internationalisation and hierarchy focuses on central currencies and neglects

important implications for emerging economies, such as external vulnerability, exchange rate

dynamics and monetary policy restrictions. Central and peripheral currencies can be

distinguished by their differing liquidity levels, that is, central currencies are more widely

accepted as the currency holder can trade them very quickly without significant losses. As a

result of the lower liquidity feature, emerging economies have to offer higher returns to

attract capital inflows. Thus, countries such as Brazil are subjected to monetary policy

restrictions as monetary authorities have to set higher interest rates to maintain the demand

for the Brazilian real and avoid exchange rate depreciation. In other words, the high levels of

interest rate compensate for the higher risks investors have to face in order to maintain the

Brazilian currency. This policy strategy attracts especially speculative capital flows, which

seeks for short term investments that profit from differences in interest rates. Moreover, the



demand for Brazilian currency depends on investors' perspective about the market. In

periods of economic prosperity, investors are less averse to risk and are searching for the

higher returns offered by developing economies. By contrast, during adverse situations,

these investors will seek for more liquid currencies. Consequently, the exchange rate

becomes more volatile and, again, it is necessary to keep interest rates at a higher level,

which results in a vicious circle.

Keywords: currency hierarchy, currency internationalisation, emerging economies, exchange rate,

inflation, monetary policy.


Reference List

Andrade, R.P. and Prates, D.M. 2011. Exchange Rate Dynamics in a Peripheral Monetary

Economy: A Keynesian Perspective. In: XIII Annual Meeting Universidad Autónoma de

Madrid - Transformations of Contemporary Capitalism: Actors, Institutions, Processes.,

Madrid.

Arestis, P. and Sawyer, M. 2008. New consensus macroeconomics and inflation targeting:

Keynesian critique. Economia e Sociedade. 17, pp.631-655.

Bogdanski, J., Tombini, A.A. and Werlang, S.R.C. 2000. Implementing Inflation Targeting in

Brazil. Banco Central do Brasil Working Paper Series. pp.1-29.

Bresser-Pereira, L.C. and Silva, C.G.d. 2007. INFLATION TARGETING IN BRAZIL: A

KEYNESIAN APPROACH. FVG EESP.

Carvalho, F.J.C.d. 2005. Uma Contribuição ao Debate em torno da Eficácia da Política

Monetária e Algumas Implicações para o Caso do Brasil. Revista de Economia Política.

25(4), pp.323-336.

Cohen, B.J. 1998. The Geography of Money. 1 ed. New York: Cornell University Press.

Cohen, B.J. 2011. Toward a Leaderless Currency System. In: Helleiner, E. and Kirshner, J.

eds. The Future of Global Currency: The Euro Versus the Dollar. London: Routledge.

Cohen, B.J. and Benney, T.M. 2013. What does the international currency system really look

like? Review of International Political Economy.

De Conti, B.M., Biancarelli, A. and Rossi, P. 2013a. Currency hierarchy, liquidity preference

and exchange rates: a Keynesian/minskyan approach. In: Congrès de l’Association

Française d’Économie Politique, 3-5 Juillet, Université Montesquieu Bordeaux IV, France.

De Conti, B.M. and Prates, D.M. 2014. The International Monetary System hierarchy:

determinants and current configuration. In: 18th Conference Inequality and the Future of

Capitalism, 30 October – 1 November 2014, Berlin, Germany.



De Conti, B.M., Prates, D.M. and Plihon, D. 2014. The hierarchy of currencies and its

implications for peripheral countries exchange and interest rate dynamics and economic

policy. Economia e Sociedade. 23(2), pp.341-372.

Fritz, B., Prates, D.M. and Paula, L.F.d. 2014. Keynes at the Periphery: Currency hierarchy

and challenges for economic policy in emerging economies. In: Currency Hierarchies,

Macroeconomic Policies and Development Strategies, 03/11/2014 to 03/11/2014, Freie

Universität Berlin. Berlin, Germany.

Kaltenbrunner, A. 2011. Currency internationalisation and exchange rate dynamics in

emerging markets: a post Keynesian analysis of Brazil. PhD thesis, University of London.

Kaltenbrunner, A. and Painceira, J.P. 2012. Emerging Countries and Inconsistencies in

Macroeconomic Policy: The Inflation Targeting Regime and Exchange Rate Management.

AUGUR Working Paper.

Kaltenbrunner, A. 2015. A post Keynesian framework of exchange rate determination: a

Minskyan approach. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics.

Keynes, J.M. 1936. The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. London:

Macmillan and co., limited.

Maziad, S., Farahmand, P., Wang, S., Segal, S. and Ahmed, F. 2011. Internationalization of

Emerging Market Currencies: A Balance between Risks and Rewards. IMF Staff Discussion

Note.

Modenesi, A.d.M. and Modenesi, R.L. 2012. Quinze Anos de Rigidez Monetária no Brasil

pós Plano Real: uma agenda de pesquisa1. Revista de Economia Política. 32(3), pp. 389-

411.

Paula, L.F.d., Fritz, B. and Prates, D.M. 2015. Center and Periphery in International

Monetary Relations Implications for Macroeconomic Policies in Emerging Economies.

Desigualdades Working Paper Series. (80).

Prates, D.M. 2002. Crises financeiras dos paises "emergentes" : uma interpretação

heterodoxa. PhD thesis, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP).

Serrano, F. 2010. Juros, Câmbio e o Sistema de Metas de Inflação no Brasil. Revista de

Economia Política. 30(117), pp.63-72.

Strange, S. 1971. Sterling and British Policy. 1 ed. London: Oxford University Press.



PELÉ, ROMÁRIO AND RONALDO: THE 2014 FIFA WORLD CUP

AND THE SOCIAL TRAJECTORY OF FORMER BRAZILIAN

FOOTBALL STARS

Billy Graeff

Federal University of Rio Grande/Loughborough University [email protected]

Abstract: Sport mega events (SMEs) have become, over the twentieth century, gigantic and

complex structures (Gupta, 2009; Horne, 2015). Its development has led them to be

platforms for a growing number of issues and to occupy the centrality of discussions on a

variety of fields (Roche, 1998; 2003; 2006; Horne & Manzenreiter, 2006). SMEs are

growingly related to nation and city branding (Knott, 2010; 2014), and also ‘an increasingly

popular political and developmental strategy for a wide range of urban, regional, and national

governments, along with their social and economic allies’ (Black, 2007, p. 261). Additionally,

it is becoming progressively clear that ‘states seek to host sports mega-events because,

above all, they believe it will enhance their ‘international prestige’ (Grix, 2012, p. 289). Image

leveraging is one of the most important stakeholders drivers when the subject is SMEs.

Accompany this, another series of beliefs linked to mega events that still in dispute within the

field of SMEs studies. These include economic development (Kassimati, 2003; Hornet, 2007;

Blake, 2005; Matheson, 2006), acquisition of various types of legacy (Cornelissen; Bob &

Swart, 2011), improvements in the tourism area (Stevenson 2012, Whitson & Macintosh,

1986) and social development (Sanchez & Broudehoux, 2013; Cornelissen, 2011). What has

not been explored by SMEs related literature is the fact that they potentially can also be

used for investments in ‘personal branding’ or individual leverage. In other words, people

can use SMEs to obtain individual advantages (symbolic or material), either approaching

them or playing specific roles in them. Although it cannot be considered a surprise that the

sports field and especially SMEs offer room for the development of practices related to the

world of celebrities, once ‘there is no sign yet that the spread of celebrity culture has reached

its limits’ (Bennet, 2005, p. 11) and the field of sports apparently provides prosperous space

for its development, it is a relationship not specifically studied up to the present time. The

issue of the ‘sport celebrity’ has been approached by the field of psychology (McGannon et.

al., 2012), within the field of sports, mainly to analyse specific cases (Bolsmann & Parker,

2007), or to develop models (Sassenberg, Verreynne & Morgan, 2012) and from the

marketing point of view (Moorman, 2006; Van Heerden, Kuiper & Saar, 2008). Jackson and

Andrews (2012) contributed with a good introduction to the study of the Olympic universe

and its relationship with the spectre of celebrities. Peacock and Darnell (2012) analysed the

specificities of the Olympic Movement and the leading role of presidents of the International



Olympic Movement. Rahman (2011) studied the role of the body and the heteroclite

dynamics of sports celebrities. Nonetheless, the sport that perhaps have created most sports

celebrities still needs further study, however, steps have been given in that direction (Brooks,

2000). Thus, it can be said that the general field of celebrities studies offers rich

opportunities for the seizure of social dynamics and it has grown and developed autonomous

and fast (Turner, 2010). On the other hand, the field of SMEs has been gradually drawing

media coverage and has increasingly played an important role in international and domestic

politics, in the case of countries and cities involved in the application process, preparation

and realisation of SMES. This paper will analyse, in turn, the involvement of three actors,

considered sports celebrities, due to their backgrounds as international athletes, with the

FIFA World Cup 2014. The narrative adopted in this work will start in the period prior to the

selection of Brazil to host such SME and when both Pele, Romario and Ronaldo were

supporting the realisation of the Games and the Brazilian candidacy. Through news carried

by newspapers and digital publications, as well as posts found on social networks, the work

will explain how these three players ended the year 2015 (empirical work limit) in totally

different positions in the political and social spectrum. The narrative will also describe how

the tensions, spacings and approximations of these three actors towards the Games and

broader aspects of Brazilian social dynamics were expressed.

Keywords: Football World Cup, sports celebrities.

MODE OF PRESENTATION: POSTER.

References:

Barclay, J. (2009). Predicting the costs and benefits of mega-sporting events: misjudgment

of olympic proportions?. Economic Affairs, 29(2), 62-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-

0270.2009.01896.x

Bennett, J. (2015). Approaching celebrity studies. Celebrity Studies, 6(3), 269-271.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19392397.2015.1062638

Black, D. (2007). The Symbolic Politics of Sport Mega-Events: 2010 in Comparative

Perspective, Politikon: South African Journal of Political Studies, 34:3, 261-276, DOI:

10.1080/02589340801962536

Blake, A. (2005). The Economic Impact of the London 2012 Olympics, 44(0). Retrieved from

http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/8228/1/licence.txt

Bolsmann, C., & Parker, A. (2007). Soccer, South Africa and Celebrity Status: Mark Fish,

Popular Culture and the Post‐Apartheid State. Soccer & Society, 8(1), 109-124.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14660970600989442

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0270.2009.01896.x

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0270.2009.01896.x



http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14660970600989442

http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14660970600989442



Brooks, K. (2000). ‘More Than a Game’: The Footy Show, Fandom and the Construction of

Football Celebrities. Football Studies, vol. 3 no. 1. Retrieved from

http://library.la84.org/SportsLibrary/FootballStudies/2000/FS0301e.pdf

Budabin, A. C. (2015). Celebrities as norm entrepreneurs in international politics: Mia Farrow

and the ‘Genocide Olympics’ campaign, Celebrity Studies,

DOI: 10.1080/19392397.2015.1087206

Cornelissen, S. (2011). More than a Sporting Chance? Appraising the sport for development

legacy of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Third World Quarterly, 32(3), 503-529. Retrieved from

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01436597.2011.573943

Cornelissen, S., Bob, U., & Swart, K. (2011). Towards redefining the concept of legacy in

relation to sport mega-events: Insights from the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Development

Southern Africa, 28(3), 307-318.

Grix, J. (2012). World Cup “ Image ” leveraging and sports mega- events : Germany and the

2006 FIFA World Cup. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 17(4), 289-312.

Gupta, A. (2009). The Globalization of Sports, the Rise of Non-Western Nations, and the

Impact on International Sporting Events. The International Journal Of The History Of Sport,

26(12), 1779-1790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523360903172390

Horne, J. (2007). The Four “Knowns” of Sports Mega Events. Leisure Studies, 26(1), 81-96.

Horne, J. (2015). Assessing the sociology of sport: On sports mega-events and capitalist

modernity. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 50(4-5), 466-471. Retrieved from

http://irs.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1012690214538861

Horne, J., & Manzenreiter, W. (2006). An introduction to the sociology of sports mega‐

events1. The Sociological Review, 54(s2), 1-24.

Jackson, S., & Andrews, D. (2012). Olympic celebrity – Introduction. Celebrity Studies, 3(3),

263-269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19392397.2012.717742

Kasimati, E. (2003). Economic aspects and the Summer Olympics: A review of related

research. International Journal of Tourism Research, 5(6), 433–444. Retrieved from

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jtr.449/abstract

Knott, B. K. (2010). The strategic contribution of sport mega- events to nation branding: The

case of South Africa and the 2010 FIFA World Cup In fulfillment of the requirements for the

PhD programme Through the Supervisory team : Prof A Fyall and Dr I Jones.

Knott, B. (2014). Leveraging nation branding opportunities through sport mega-events

Proceedings of the 5 th International Conference on Destination Branding and Marketing (

DBM-V ), (January 2016).

McGannon, K., Hoffmann, M., Metz, J., & Schinke, R. (2012). A media analysis of a sport

celebrity: Understanding an informal “team cancer” role as a socio-cultural construction.





Psychology Of Sport And Exercise, 13(1), 26-35.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.08.001

Matheson, V. (2006). Mega-Events: The effect of the world’s biggest sporting events on

local, regional, and national economies. Economics Department Working Papers. Paper 68.

http://crossworks.holycross.edu/econ_working_papers/68

Moorman, A. (2006). False Advertising and Celebrity Endorsements: Where's My Script?.

Sport Marketing Quarterly, 15,11 l-l 13. Retrieved from

http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.392.1787&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Peacock, B., & Darnell, S. (2012). Political celebrity and the Olympic movement: exploring

the charismatic authority of IOC presidents. Celebrity Studies, 3(3), 319-334.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19392397.2012.717760

Rahman, M. (2011). The burdens of the flesh: star power and the queer dialectic in sports

celebrity. Celebrity Studies, 2(2), 150-163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19392397.2011.574850

Roche, M. (1998). Mega‐events, culture and modernity: Expos and the origins of public

culture. International Journal Of Cultural Policy, 5(1), 1-31.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286639809358087

Roche, M. (2003). Mega-events, Time and Modernity. Time & Society, 12(1), 99 -126.

Retrieved from http://tas.sagepub.com/content/12/1/99.abstract

Roche, M. (2006). Mega-events and modernity revisited: globalization and the case of the

Olympics. The Sociological Review, 54(s2), 25-40.

Sánchez, F., & Broudehoux, A.-M. (2013). Mega-events and urban regeneration in Rio de

Janeiro: planning in a state of emergency. International Journal of Urban Sustainable

Development, 5(2), 132-153. Retrieved from


Sassenberg, A., Verreynne, M., & Morgan, M. (2012). A SPORT CELEBRITY BRAND

IMAGE: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL. International Journal Of Organisational Behaviour,

Volume 17 (2), 108-121. Retrieved from

https://eprints.usq.edu.au/22094/1/Sassenberg_etal_v17n2_PV.pdf

Stevenson, N. (2012). Culture and the 2012 games: creating a tourism legacy?, (October

2013), 37-41. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14766825.2012.682478

Turner, G. (2010). Approaching celebrity studies. Celebrity Studies, 1(1), 11-20.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19392390903519024

Whitson, D., & Macintosh, D. (1996). THE GLOBAL CIRCUS: INTERNATIONAL SPORT,

TOURISM, AND THE MARKETING OF CITIES. Journal of Sport & Social Issues.

Van Heerden, N., Kuiper, A., & Saar, H. (2008). Investigating sport celebrity endorsement

and sport event sponsorship as promotional cues. SA J. Res. Sp., 30(2).

http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajrs.v30i2.25996





http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286639809358087

http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286639809358087



http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14766825.2012.682478

http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14766825.2012.682478



REPRESENTATION AND INTEGRATION: THE LOGIC OF

REGIONAL PARLIAMENTS AROUND THE WORLD

Bruno Theodoro Luciano

Doctoral Researcher, University of Birmingham, UK [email protected]

Abstract: The European Parliament is the first and most acknowledged example of a

regional parliament. Since its establishment in 1952 as the Common Assembly of the

European Community of Coal and Steel (ECCS), it evolved from a consultative assembly to

become a co-legislator alongside the Council of the European Union (Kreppel, 2002; Costa,

2009; Rittberger, 2003). As regional integration projects were created worldwide, other

regional parliaments were established. Outside of Europe, Latin America and Africa have

seen an expansion of regional parliaments which have followed the development of regional

integration schemes (Medeiros, 2012; Mariano, 2011; Vazquez, 2005; Drummond, 2009;

Cera, 2009; Luciano, 2012, Mpanyane, 2009; Nzewi, 2013; Kingah and Cofelice, 2012;

Ruland, 2012; Deinla, 2013). However, in contrast to the European Parliament, regional

parliaments established in the Global South have not increased their competences. Thus,

although they are seen to enhance mechanisms of parliamentary diplomacy, they do not

have significant policy-making power, which remains exclusively in national or presidential

hands (Malamud and Sousa, 2007).

The proposed study will investigate the development of regional integration parliaments

around the world. The aim is to analyse and compare the expansion and current stage of

some of these regional parliamentary assemblies, which are in Europe (European

Parliaments), Africa (Pan-African Parliament) and Latin America (MERCOSUR Parliament).

The key research question this PhD project seeks to answer is: why have these three

regional integration parliaments reached such different stages of development? And in

particular, why is the European Parliament more powerful and more institutionalised than the

other three assemblies? In order to answer these questions, external (national, regional and

extra-regional) and internal factors will be taken into consideration. A historical institutionalist

lens will guide the analysis, focussing on ‘critical junctures’ in the history of the three

assemblies (Pierson, 1998). The main argument of this project is that the differences

between the three regional integration projects have shaped the development of the

parliamentary assemblies over time, hindering the EU’s mimetic potential worldwide. These

differences produced fundamental limitations to the accomplishment of EU normative

diffusion in regions marked by a diversity of political and historical traditions.



Keywords: European Parliament, MERCOSUR Parliament, Pan-African Parliament, Regional

Integration, Regional Parliaments.


References:

Borzel, Tanja; Risse, Thomas (2009), “Diffusing (Inter-) Regionalism: The EU as a Model of

Regional Integration”. KFG Working Paper Series, No. 7, Kolleg-Forschergruppe (KFG),

The Transformative Power of Europe, Free University Berlin, September.

Cera, Silvana (2009). “Las elecciones directas en el Parlamento Andino: un camino para

fortalecer su papel como institución promotora de la integración”. Revista de Derecho, n. 32,

Barranquilla.

Corbett, Richard (1998), The European Parliament's Role in Closer EU Integration (Palgrave

Macmillan).

Costa, Olivier (2009), “Le parlement européen dans le système décisionnel de l’Union

européenne : la puissance au prix de l’illisibilité”. Politique européenne, n° 28, 2009/02.

Deinla, Imelda (2013), “Giving the ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly a Voice in the

ASEAN Community”, International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance

(International IDEA).

Dri, Clarissa (2010), “Limits of Institucional Mimesis of the European Union: The case of the

Mercosur Parliament”, Latin American Policy, vol.1, n.1, pp. 52-74.

Follesdal, Andreas; Hix, Simon (2006), “Why There is a Democratic Deficit in the EU: A

Response to Majone and Moravcsik.” JCMS, Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 533–62.

Hay, Colin; Wincott, Daniel (1998), “Structure, Agency and Historical Institutionalism”,

Political Studies, XLVI, pp. 951-957.

Hix, Simon; Noury, Abdul; Roland, Gérard (2006), “Dimensions of Politics in the European

Parliament”, American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 50, No. 2 (Apr), pp. 494-511.

Kingah, Stephen; Cofelice, Andrea (2012), “EU’s Engagement with African (Sub)Regional

Parliaments of ECOWAS, SADC, the EAC and the AU”. UNU-CRIS Working Papers.

Kreppel, Amie (2002), The European Parliament and Supranational Party System: a study in

institutional development (Cambridge University Press).

Lenz, Tobias (2013), “EU normative power and regionalism: Ideational diffusion and its

limits”, Cooperation and Conflict, 48: 211.

Luciano, Bruno T (2012), “A Inclusão da Representatividade Direta no Parlamento do

Mercosul. Boletim de Economia e Política Internacional, Ed.11, Brasília.



Mahoney, James; Rueschemeyer, Dietrich (2003), “Comparative Historical Analysis:

achievements and agenda”. In Mahoney, James; Rueschemeyer, Dietrich. Comparative

Historical Analysis in Social Sciences (Cambridge University Press).

Malamud, Andrés; Sousa, Luís de (2007), “Regional Parliaments in Europe and Latin

America: Between Empowerment and Irrelevance”. In Hoffmann, Andrea Ribeiro and van

der Vleuten, Anna (eds.), Closing or Widening the Gap? Legitimacy and Democracy in

Regional International Organizations (Aldershot: Ashgate).

Manners, Ian (2002), “Normative Power Europe: a Contradiction in term?” JCMS, Vol. 40,

No.2.

Mariano, Karina (2011), “The Parliamentary Dimension of Mercosur”. Paper Presented at

Joint IPSA-ECPR Conference, São Paulo, 16 Feb.

Medeiros, Marcelo (2008), “Legitimidade, Democracia e Accountability no Mercosul”.

Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais, vol. 23, no. 67, junho.

Mpanyane, Saki (2009), “Transformation of the Pan-African Parliament: A path to a

legislative body?” ISS Paper 181.

Nzewi, Ogochukwu (2013), “Influence and Legitimacy in African Regional Parliamentary

Assemblies: The Case of the Pan-African Parliament’s Search for Legislative Powers”.

Journal of Asian and African Studies, 0 (0).

Pierson, Paul (1998), “The Path to European Integration: a historical-institucionalist

analysis”. In Sandholtz, W.; Sweet, A (Orgs). European Integration and Supranational

Governance (Oxford University Press).

Rittberger, Berthold (2003), “The Creation and Empowerment of the European Parliament.”

JCMS, Vol. 41, No 2, pp. 203-25.

Ruland, Jurgen (2012), “The Limits of Democratizing Interest Representation: Asean's

Regional Corporatism and Normative Challenges”. European Journal of International

Relations, 0 (0).

Sil, Rudra (2009), “Area Studies, Comparative Politics, and the Role of Cross-Regional

Small-N Comparison”, Qualitative & Multi-Method Research, Fall.

Thelen, Kathleen (1999), “Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Politics”. Annu. Rev.

Polit. Sci. 2.

Vázquez, Mariana (2005), “The Parliament Dimension of Regional Integration. A

Comparison of the European Union and MERCOSUR”. Lisboa: CIES e-Working Paper,

No 2.

Vullers, Johannes (2014), “Geographical Patterns of Analysis in IR Research:

Representative Cross-Regional Comparison as a way forward”. GIGA Working Papers, No

254.



VINASSE APPLICATION AND CESSATION OF BURNING IN

SUGARCANE MANAGEMENT CAN HAVE POSITIVE IMPACT ON

SOIL CARBON STOCKS

Caio Fernandes Zani, Arlete S. Barneze, Andy D. Robertson, Aidan M. Keith, Carlos E. P.

Cerri, Niall P. McNamara, Carlos C. Cerri

Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo and Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre Main author email: [email protected]

Abstract: Recent studies have highlighted the potential for bioenergy crops, such as

sugarcane, to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through soil carbon (C)

sequestration reducing demands for non-renewable fossil fuels. Sugarcane ethanol has

been gaining ground in international markets but improved understanding regarding

management practices is required. Improved sugarcane management practices (e.g.

reduced biomass removal, application of co-products) may be used to provide further

mitigation through increase soil C sequestration, and reduced GHG emission. This study

evaluates the impacts of management practice changes under areas of sugarcane

production in Brazil. We explore how transitions from conventional (mineral fertiliser/burning)

to improved (vinasse application/unburned) practices influence soil C stocks in total and

fractionated soil down to 1 metre. Additionally, the CENTURY model was used to simulate

management changes beyond the temporal extent of measurements. The vinasse

application had higher soil C stock at 0-40cm depth after change from no vinasse

management. The C stock was not different at topsoil (0-20cm) after change from burned to

unburned practice however unburned had higher values at 30-60cm depth. Conversely, C

stocks in the Silt+Clay fraction (<53μm) of topsoil were significantly higher in the unburned

but did not differ for vinasse comparison. Model simulations indicated that vinasse alone was

not the key factor driving increases in soil C stocks but its application may be the most

readily available practice to prevent the soil C losses under burned management. Cessation

of burning may increase topsoil C by 40% after ~50 years. These are the first data relating

management transitions within a single area. Our findings indicate the both vinasse

application and the cessation of burning can play an important role in reducing the payback

time associated with sugarcane for ethanol production.

Keywords: Bioenergy crop, Century model simulations, Loess regression, Management practice changes,

Physical fractionation, Soil carbon profile.




References:

Goldemberg J, Mello FFC, Cerri CEP, Davies CA, Cerri CC. Meeting the global demand for

biofuels in 2021 through sustainable land use change policy. Energ Policy 2014; 69:14-18.

Fargione J, Hill J, TIlman D, Polasky S, Hawthorne P. Land Clearing and the Biofuel Carbon

Debt. Science 2008; 319(5867):1235-1238.

Mello FC, Cerri CEP, Davies CA, Holbrook NM, Paustian K, Maia SMF, et al. Payback

620 time for soil carbon and sugar-cane ethanol. Nature Climate Change 2014; 4:605–609.



O SAMPLE COMO ENUNCIAÇÃO IDEOLÓGICA NO DISCURSO DA

CANÇÃO DE PERIFERIA

Camila Cristina de Oliveira Alves

Departamento de Linguística, Universidade Estadual Paulista Department of Comparative Literature and Culture, Queen Mary University of London [email protected]

Abstract: O presente trabalho busca desenvolver uma metodologia de análise baseada no

conceito de discurso citado pautado na sociologia da arte, proposto por Volochínov,

linguista e membro do Círculo de Bakhtin, aplicada à canção brasileira de periferia. Desse

modo, propõe-se analisar os recursos de linguagem utilizados em gêneros musicais

provenientes do Hip Hop em contexto brasileiro, entre os quais consideramos: Rap, Funk

Carioca e Tecnobrega. Considerando esses gêneros como estéticas periféricas, procura-se

fazer uma reflexão analítica da arte enquanto cultura compartilhada, levando em conta

fatores como produção, recepção e circulação desses discursos, avaliando as relações

dialógicas das canções, observando como se dá o processo de representatividade de

sujeitos pertencentes a dados grupos, bem como a ideologia materializada nesses

enunciados. A utilização massiva de recursos eletrônicos que se configura na atualidade

teve seu início simultaneamente com o surgimento do Hip Hop, movimento permeado de

representatividade, inicialmente oriundo dos guetos, que se manifestou de forma similar,

com suas variantes locais, em diversas partes do mundo, rompendo paradigmas sociais e

estéticos e estabelecendo novas formas de criação artística. Nesse contexto inserem-se os

recursos linguísticos que buscamos analisar: samples e remixagens, que são a prática de

utilizar trechos de registros sonoros executados anteriormente em composições musicais

originais para montar uma nova composição feita desses recortes e colagens, modo de

produção tipicamente pós-moderno. O sample é o trecho musical utilizado, recorte que é

retirado de uma música para ser inserido em novos beats. Esse recurso composicional

característico da linguagem musical eletrônica se manifesta nas canções como uma

representação da alteridade, já que extrai-se a voz do outro para colocá-la em discurso

artístico e ideológico com outro(s), dialogando com a composição antiga, seja para negá-la

ou concordar com o discurso anteriormente feito, agora ressignificado. Levando em

consideração o fato de que a manifestação pela palavra é uma prática relevante para o Hip

Hop, entende-se que é por meio disso que esse movimento agrega indivíduos, por meio da

identificação com esses discursos, pela sua representatividade em determinadas

comunidades. Não se considera nesta pesquisa a estética da colagem como falta de

originalidade, ao contrário disso, sabe-se que esse recurso é tipicamente encontrado em



outras formas de arte contemporânea. Ainda que no início dessa prática, tenha-se

questionado alguns valores referente às leis de direitos autorais, a estética hip-hop soube

burlar as regras ideologicamente discutindo os valores de propriedade cultural, ao mesmo

tempo em que se inseria no contexto pós-moderno de produção artística. Por meio de um

método qualitativo: descritivo, interpretativo e analítico, portanto, calcamos nossas

categorias de análise no método dialético-dialógico da linguagem do Círculo de Bakhtin,

observando a síncrese de sujeitos enunciadores existente na composição de canções hip-

hop brasileiras, observando as vozes presentes nessas manifestações materializadas em

discursos identitários que dialogam com ouvintes-destinatários num determinado contexto

de produção. O fazer artístico na concepção bakhtiniana de discurso é uma forma especial

de inter-relação entre criador e contemplador fixada em uma obra de arte. Assim,

procuramos demonstrar como esses recursos de citação linguística na música estabelecem

novos modos para essa inter-relação.

Palavras–chave: Análise Linguística, Cultura Popular, Discurso Ideológico, Música Brasileira.

MODALIDADE DE APRESENTAÇÃO: APRESENTAÇÃO DE PÔSTER

Referências

ANDRADE, J. P. Cidade cantada: educação e experiência estética. São Paulo: Editora

UNESP, 2010.

CASSOTTI, R. S. “Music, Answerability, and Interpretation in Bakhtin’s Circle: Reading

together M.M. Bakhtin, I.I. Sollertinsky, and M.v. Yudina”, in Orekhov, B.V. Chronotope and

Environs, Fetschift N. Pan’kov, Ufá, Vagant, 2010, pp. 113-120.

STAM, R. Bakhtin da teoria literária à cultura de massa. São Paulo: Ática, 1992.

TATIT, L. A. de M. Semiótica da canção: melodia e letra. 3ed. São Paulo: Editora Escuta,

2007.

VOLOCHÍNOV, V. N. A Construção da Enunciação e outros ensaios. Tradução de J. W.

Geraldi. São Carlos: Pedro & João Editores, 2013.

______. Marxismo e filosofia da linguagem. São Paulo: Hucitec, 2009.



MICROFOSSILS AND HOW THEY PUT FUEL IN YOUR CAR

Carlos D’Apolito

Earth Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK [email protected]

Abstract: Microscopic fossils are fragments of or entire organisms hardly or not seen with

the naked eye. They are widespread in the deep time geological record and constitute one of

the best archives about Earth’s history. Examples of these are pollen, spores, benthic and

planktonic calcareous algae, dinoflagellates, etc. As with all beings, they appear and

disappear only once in their span of existence. We take advantage of this unique feature of

species to study their stratigraphical ranges, i.e. their distribution in sequences of rocks and

thus we can correlate distant rock beds based on the microfossils they hold. Also, by

coupling independent radiometric dating techniques to microfossil occurrences, ages can be

assigned to fossil species and therefore they become age indicators. This work is termed

‘biostratigraphy’ and it has direct uses in geology, with a special focus in the oil industry.

Knowing the age of a rock is sometimes a hard task and such information is a precious

commodity for geologists. As a biostratigrapher, it is my job to carefully distinguish between

hundreds to thousands of different microfossil morphologies and record their presence and

abundance patterns through time. This knowledge is then used to solve many geological

problems that in turn help the prospection of oil. In this talk, I will elaborate on the

foundations of biostratigraphy, give examples of its microfossil constituents, including my

doctoral work on the history of Amazonia, and show applications in basic science and

industry, demonstrating how the study of organisms under the microscope is an everyday

work that helps fill our vehicles with fuel.

Keywords: biostratigraphy, geology, microfossils, oil industry.


List of references:

Armstrong, H. A. & Brasier, M. D. (2005) Microfossils, 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell, 296 pp.

Hoorn, C., Wesselingh, F.P., ter Steege, H., Bermudez, M.A., Mora, A., Sanmartín, J.S.I.,

Sanchez-Meseguer, A., Anderson, C.L., Figueiredo, J.P., Jaramillo, C., Riff, D.D., Negri,

F.R., Hooghiemstra, H., Lundberg, J., Stadler, T., Sarkinen, T., Antonelli, A. (2010a).



Amazonia through time: Andean uplift, climate change, landscape evolution and biodiversity.

Science, 330: 927–931.

Jansonius, J. and McGregor, D. C. (1996) Palynology, principles and applications.

Dallas, American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation.

Jaramillo, C.A., Rueda, M., Vladimir, T. (2011) A palynological zonation for the Cenozoic of

the Llanos and Llanos Foothills of Colombia. Palynology, 35, 46–84.

Traverse, A. (2007) Paleopalynology, 2nd ed. Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 813.



NEW APPROACHES TO DEVELOP NOVEL LEPTOSPIROSIS

VACCINES

Carlos Eduardo Pouey da Cunha1,2, Odir Antonio Dellagostin2 and Johnjoe McFadden1

1Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK 2Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil [email protected] / [email protected]

Abstract: Leptospirosis is a re-emerging worldwide zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic

Leptospira spp, which comprise more than 300 serovars [1]. Humans are usually infected by

contact with water or soil contaminated with urine of infected animals [2]. Illness ranges from

asymptomatic infection, a flu-like disease or, in severe cases, haemorrhagic pulmonary

syndrome or Weil’s disease [1,2]. The latest prediction (2015) estimates approximately 1

million cases and 58,900 mortalities per year in humans [3]. Main preventive measures are

investments in infrastructure and sanitation and vaccination of animals [4]. Even though

effective, current vaccines are reatogenic, serovar-specific and have limited time-range

protection, being allowed for human use in a few countries only [5]. Recombinant subunit

vaccines have the potential to overcome these issues. However, a target that is able to

confer long-lasting, cross-protective immunization is still to be discovered. Because

pathogenic Leptospira spp. have many proteins with redundant functions, we’ve decided to

immunize hamsters with recombinant chimeras comprised of a myriad of OMPs. This

approach has yielded promising results and more antigens or alternative ways of antigen

presentation are currently being assessed (data not yet published). Furthermore, we are

screening outer membrane proteins with convalescent sera of human leptospirosis patients

in order to find novel proteins recognized by the immune system with the potential for

vaccine development [6]. This way, we aim to develop a safe, cross-protective vaccine

capable of conferring long-lasting immunization for both human and animal subjects.

Keywords: Immuneproteome, leptospirosis, vaccine development, zoonosis.


Bibliography

1. Adler B. Leptospira and Leptospirosis. Springer; 2015. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-

03858-7





2. Ko AI, Goarant C, Picardeau M. Leptospira: the dawn of the molecular genetics era

for an emerging zoonotic pathogen. Nat Rev Microbiol. Nature Publishing Group; 2009;7:

736–47. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2208

3. Costa F, Hagan JE, Calcagno J, Kane M, Torgerson P, Martinez-Silveira MS, et al.

Global morbidity and mortality of leptospirosis: a systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis.

2015; 1–19. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003898

4. McBride AJA, Athanazio DA, Reis MG, Ko AI. Leptospirosis. Curr Opin Infect Dis.

2005;18: 376–386. doi:10.1097/01.qco.0000178824.05715.2c

5. Dellagostin OA, Grassmann AA, Hartwig DD, Félix SR, da Silva ÉF, McBride AJA.

Recombinant vaccines against leptospirosis. Hum Vaccin. 2011;7: 1215–24.

doi:10.4161/hv.7.11.17944

6. Newcombe J, Mendum TA, Ren CP, McFadden J. Identification of the

immunoproteome of the meningococcus by cell surface immunoprecipitation and MS.

Microbiol (United Kingdom). 2014;160: 429–438. doi:10.1099/mic.0.071829-0



MULTILAYER MEMBRANES FOR INTERMEDIATE

TEMPERATURE POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELLS AT LOW

HUMIDITY

Carolina Musse Branco, Surbhi Sharma, Robert Steinberger-Wilckens

The Centre for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom [email protected]

Abstract: Climate change and the fossil fuels exhaustion create the need to research and

develop clean energy generation systems. Fuel cells (FC) are one of the promising

alternatives. It is a device, which transforms chemical energy to electrical energy through

hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction and has only heat and water as directly by-

products. Among the diverse types of FCs, Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC) has been

highlighted for automotive applications. The operating temperature for a standard PEFC is

80 to 100 °C. Recent studies have shown that if this operating temperature is increased to

intermediate temperatures (IT) as 120 °C, the overall PEFC performance should also

enhance. At this temperature, the chemical reactions are accelerated and the water and heat

management are facilitated. The water is expected to be in the vapour phase, simplifying the

gas flow channels and pressure maintenance. The temperature difference between external

environment and the FC also increases and heat rejection and removal by heat exchangers

is enhanced. Smaller cooling systems can therefore be used reducing the weight and

economic costs of PEFC systems. However, some PEFC components do not perform

satisfactorily at 120 °C, compromising the whole IT- PEFC set up. The polymer membrane is

one such component.

In the core of a PEFC, there are two electrodes and a membrane. This membrane has three

main functions: i) proton transport; ii) electrons insulation enabling external current flow; iii)

impermeability to the fuel gases. Water present inside the membrane is responsible for the

proton transport. The current commercial standard membrane is Nafion® from Du Pont Co.

Although it displays outstanding performance at 80 °C, it decays under IT-PEFC conditions if

not humidified. Moreover, Nafion cannot hold enough water at 120 °C. In this study, a

multilayer membrane (MM) which would be able to hold water and consequently keep the

proton conductivity at IT and low humidity conditions is investigated. This would make the

humidification set up simpler, reducing the overall cost and complexity of a FC. The MM is

composed of two external layers of Nafion and one inner layer of graphene oxide (GO). GO

in the inner layer is able to hold water through its hydrophilic polar groups at 120 °C.

However, it needs external layers to provide the mechanical structure and to keep the

dimensions restricted. The membranes were developed by two methods, hot pressing and



casting. The cast Nafion/GO/Nafion with 4.5 wt.% and 2.5 wt.% of GO showed proton

conductivity 6 and 3.5x higher than Nafion single layer with 20% of relative humidity (RH)

and 2.3 and 1.6x with 60 % of RH respectively. Nafion water uptake was found to be 18%,

while for the cast MM with 2.5 wt.% and 4.5 wt.% GO the water uptake was 32% and 27%,

respectively. Accordingly, GO affects the retention of water. After the preliminary

evaluations, the MM showed a good perspective to be applied in IT-PEFC contributing to

superior overall performance.

Keywords: Fuel Cell, Graphene Oxide, Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell, Proton Exchange Membrane

MODE OF PRESENTATION: ORAL PRESENTATION

References

[1] C.M. Branco, S. Sharma, M.M. de Camargo Forte, R. Steinberger-Wilckens, Journal of

Power Sources, 316 (2016) 139-159.

[2] A. Chandan, M. Hattenberger, A. El-kharouf, S. Du, A. Dhir, V. Self, B.G. Pollet, A.

Ingram, W. Bujalski, Journal of Power Sources, 231 (2013) 264-278.

[3] H. Zarrin, D. Higgins, Y. Jun, Z. Chen, M. Fowler, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,

115 (2011) 20774-20781.

[4] J. Larmine, A. Dicks, Fuel Cell System Explained, John Wiley & Sons, 2003.

[5] W. Gao, G. wu, M.T. Janicke, D.A. Cullen, R. Mukundan, J.K. Baldwin, E.L. Brosha, C.

Galande, P.M. Ajayan, K.L. More, A.M. Dattelbaum, P. Zelany, Angewandte Chemie, 126

(2014) 3662 –3667.



THE GEOGRAPHIES OF ACADEMIC CONFERENCES ON

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN BRAZIL, 1986-2013

Christiane Fabíola Momm

Regional University of Blumenau – FURB, Brazil/Loughborough University, UK [email protected]/[email protected]

Abstract: The geography of academic meetings has been less extensively studied than

other aspects in the history, sociology and geography of scientific knowledge. Therefore, the

aim of this PhD research is to analyze the development and spatial reach of two major

academic conference series on regional development in Brazil: the International Seminar of

Regional Development (SIDR) organized by the Regional University of Santa Cruz do Sul

(UNISC) and the National Meeting of the National Association in Regional and Urban

Planning in Postgraduate and Research Programs (ENANPUR). The research uses a mixed

methodology considering the quantitative and qualitative aspects of secondary data.

According to the first findings, there has been an increase in the number of delegates and

papers presented in these two conferences over the past ten years, with a relatively positive

gender balance. There is a paradox concerning geographical reach of these two

conferences. The International Seminar of Regional Development (SIDR) always takes place

in same city Santa Cruz do Sul in the South of Brazil and is an “international” meeting but

has very few attendees from overseas. In contrast, ENANPUR is called a national meeting,

but constantly changes its location within Brazil and presenters from more than 15 different

international institutions and universities have attended in the last two decades.

Keywords: Academic conferences, Brazil, Geography, Regional Development.


References

BATHELT, H., & SCHULDT, N. (2008) Between Luminaires and Meat Grinders: International

Trade Fairs as Temporary Clusters. Regional Studies, 42: 6, pp. 853-868.

DELANEY, D. (2005) Territory: a short introduction. Oxford – UK: Blackwell publishing.

EPPLE, A. (1997) Organizing Scientific Meetings. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University

Press LTD.



HEFFERNAN, M.; JÖNS, H. (2013) Research travel and disciplinary identities in the

University of Cambridge, 1885–1955. The British Journal for the History of Science,

46:02, June, pp. 255 – 286.

LIVINGSTONE, D. N. (2013) Putting science in its place: geographies of scientific

knowledge. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

MCCALL, T. (2010). What do we mean by Regional Development?

NAYLOR, S. (2005) Introduction: historical geographies of science – places, contexts,

cartographies. The British Journal for the History of Science, 38:1, March, pp. 1 – 12.

OGBORN, M. (2004) Geographia’s pen: writing, geography and the arts of commerce, 1660

– 1760. Journal of Historical Geography, 1:30, pp.294-315.

POWELL, R. C. (2007) Geographies of science: histories, localities, practices, futures.

Progress in Human Geography, 31:3, pp. 309–329.

SHAPIN, S. (1998) Placing the view from nowhere: historical and sociological problems in

the location of Science. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, v. 23, pp.

5–12.

STOREY, D. (2012) Territories: the claiming of space. New York: Routledge.



CALVARIAL OSTEOGENESIS AT THE NEURAL-CREST

MESODERM INTERFACE

Daniel Doro, Kshemendra Senarath-Yapa, William Barrell, Heather Szabo-Rogers, Marc

Dionne, Agamemnon Grigoriadis, Karen Liu

King’s College London – Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology [email protected]

Abstract: The skull bones are derived from two different embryonic lineages: the neural crest

and mesoderm(1). Intriguingly, neural crest-derived frontal osteoblasts appear more

osteogenic than those derived from the mesodermal parietal bone(2,3,4). Whether the

mesodermal osteoblasts require specific signals from the underlying neural crest-derived

dura mater and the adjacent frontal bone is still not well described. Our lineage traced

osteogenic differentiation reveals that isolated parietal osteoblasts have very little capability

of making mineralized nodules in vitro, whereas frontal osteoblasts are significantly more

efficient in this task. However, when cultured together, parietal osteoblasts can now

contribute equivalently to nodule formation, suggesting that frontal osteoblasts provide cues

promoting the osteogenic programme. Furthermore, comparative immunoblots of the

isolated populations reveal increased endogenous activation of canonical Wnt signalling in

frontal osteoblasts. Also, microarray analysis reveals upregulation of the Wnt antagonist

SOSTDC1 in frontal osteoblasts, potentially suggesting a mechanism of compensation for

the enhanced Wnt signalling found in these cells. We are currently testing the possibility that

in vivo, the parietal osteoblasts respond to cues provided by the underlying neural crest-

derived dura mater(5,6,7). To identify these novel osteogenic signals we also present

microarray and kinase profiling.

Keywords: Boundary, Calvaria, Development, Mesoderm, Neural Crest, Wnt regulation

PRESENTATION MODALITY: POSTER PRESENTATION / 3 MINUTE + 1 SLIDE

References

Jiang et al., Devel Biol 2002

Quarto et al., JBMR 2010 -Li S

Quarto N and Longaker M Plos One 2010

Li S et al., Plos One 2015 Lineage tracing

Muzumdar et al., Genesis 2007

Danielan et al., Current Biology 1998





Sosic et al., Cell 2003



A BRAZILIAN WRITER IN THE WAR: ANTONIO CALLADO’S

ENGLISH YEARS DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR

Daniel Mandur Thomaz

University of Oxford [email protected]

Abstract: Discovered in BBC archives, unknown documents and original radio-drama

scripts written by Brazilian writer and journalist Antônio Callado (1917-1997), and broadcast

by the BBC during World War II, call for a radical reassessment of the role and production of

this politically and socially engaged intellectual, a key figure in allowing us to better

understand the relationship between Aesthetics and Politics in Brazil. Antônio Callado,

considered by critics including Raymond L. Williams (2007), as one of the major Latin

American novelists of the 20th century, played an emblematic role within political

movements of resistance against authoritarianism during the years of military dictatorship in

Brazil (1964-1985), both on a personal level, through his repeated persecution and

imprisonment, and in his writing. Current studies on Callado abide by a consensus that dates

the beginning of his literary output to the 1950s (Leite, 1984; Ridenti, 2002; Martineli, 2006).

Yet, as a young writer and journalist during the '40s, he was hired by the BBC Latin

American Service to work in London, covering World War II, a seminal experience that

enabled him to sharpen his global perspective on political issues in Latin America and

beyond. Mindful of the significance of this period in the author’s career, this paper takes as

its starting point my recent discovery of hitherto forgotten documents and scripts, in order to

understand the development of his career, his literary production and his place in recent

Brazilian cultural history.

Keywords: Antônio Callado, Radio-drama, Brazilian Literature, BBC


References:

Leite, Ligia Chiappini (1984) Quando a pátria viaja: uma leitura dos romances de Antonio

Callado. Havana: Casa de las Americas.

Martinelli, Marcos (2006) Antonio Callado: Um Sermonário à Brasileira. São Paulo:

Annablume.

Ridenti, Marcelo (2002) A guerrilha de Antonio Callado. In: KUSHNIR, Beatriz (org). Perfis

cruzados: trajetórias e militância política no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Imago. p. 23-53.



Williams, Raymond L. (2007) The Columbia Guide to the Latin American Novel Since 1945.

New York: Columbia University Press



LITERATURE REVIEW: THE MOST COMMON METASTASIS

MECHANISMS

Daniella Guimarães Cavalcanti Freitas

Queen Mary University of London / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro [email protected]

Abstract: Metastasis is composed of various steps, characterised by the spread of cancer

cells from their tissue of origin, followed by growth in other organs. This process has a major

importance to clinical management of cancer patients, once recent studies showed that 60 to

70% of these patients had already initiated the metastatic cascade upon diagnosis and that

patients with small primary tumours and node negative status upon diagnosis have from 15

to 25% risk of devolving metastasis. Therefore, it is clear that the comprehension of each

one of these steps is essential for the design of innovative therapeutic approaches. Albeit,

the metastatic cascade is significantly intricate, once it relies not only on the tumour cell, but

also in the organism as a whole, which makes the metastatic process remain “terra

incognita” for cancer researchers. Notwithstanding, recent papers have displayed relevant

insights, which helped further a little our understanding on the matter, being the objective of

this literature review to summarise our present comprehension. Despite the complex process

composing metastasis, the several studies shown in this review have been able to shed a

light at the characterization of the metastatic steps, and as to why cancer cells acquire

motility. Equally relevant information displayed in this review is regarding some recent

discoveries in the oncology field, such as the existence of a pre-metastatic niche, the tumour

potential of having components with stem cell-like properties, the contribution of the tumour

microenvironment to tumour growth, and the surprising part played by macrophages in

cancer propagation. Despite all of these new information, several details of the metastatic

steps remain unclear. There are various contradictions regarding the characteristics of

metastasis, which are results of the wide research done in this subject. Even though, despite

these contradictions, the important point is that, with each study, we are getting closer to

knowing more metastatic characteristics, and this is essential for the elaboration of new

cancer therapies.

Keywords: Cancer, metastasis, tumour.


References



Sahai E. Mechanisms of cancer cell invasion. Curr Opin Genet Dev. (2005)

Feb;15(1):87-96.

Van Zijl F., Krupitza G, Mikulits W. Initial steps of metastasis: cell invasion

and endothelial transmigration. Mutat Res. (2011) Jul-Oct;728(1-2):23-34

Schmidt-Kittler O., et al. From latent disseminated cells to overt metastasis: genetic analysis

of systemic breast cancer progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (2003), 100:7737-7742.

4- Heimann R, Hellman S: Clinical progression of breast cancer malignant behavior: what to

expect and when to expect it. J Clin Oncol (2000), 18:591-599.

5- Chambers A.F, Groom A.C., MacDonald I.C. Dissemination and growth of

cancer cells in metastatic sites, Nat. Rev. Cancer 2 (2002) 563–572.

6- Mehlen P., Puisieux A., Metastasis: a question of life or death, Nat. Rev.

Cancer 6 (2006) 449–458.

7- Hunter K.W., Crawford N.P., Alsarraj J. Mechanisms of metastasis. Breast

Cancer Research : BCR. (2008);10(Suppl 1):S2.

8- Christofori G., New signals from the invasive front, Nature 441 (2006) 444–450.

9- Thiery J.P., Epithelial–mesenchymal transitions in tumour progression, Nat.

Rev. Cancer 2 (2002) 442–454.

10- Futreal P.A., et al. A census of human cancer genes. Nat Rev Cancer (2004),

4:177-183.

11- Geiger T.R., Peeper D.S. Metastasis mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta. (2009)

Dec;1796(2):293-308.

12- Jechlinger M., et al. Expression profiling of epithelial plasticity in tumor

progression, Oncogene 22 (2003) 7155–7169.

13- Yang J., Weinberg R.A., Epithelial–mesenchymal transition: at the crossroads

of development and tumor metastasis, Dev. Cell 14 (2008) 818–829.

14- R.B. Hazan, G.R. Phillips, R.F. Qiao, L. Norton, S.A. Aaronson, Exogenous

expression of N-cadherin in breast cancer cells induces cell migration, invasion, and

metastasis, J. Cell Biol. 148 (2000) 779–790.

15- Nieman M.T., et al. N-cadherin promotes motility in human breast cancer cells

regardless of their E-cadherin expression, J. Cell Biol. 147 (1999) 631–644.

16- Yamaguchi H., Condeelis J. Regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in cancer cell

migration and invasion. Biochim Biophys Acta. (2007) May;1773(5):642-52.

17- Nicholson-Dykstra S., Higgs H.N., Harris E.S., Actin dynamics: growth from

dendritic branches, Curr. Biol. 15 (2005) R346–R357.



18- Buccione R., Orth J.D., McNiven M.A., Foot and mouth: podosomes,

invadopodia and circular dorsal ruffles, Nat. Rev., Mol. Cell Biol. 5 (2004) 647–657.

19- Geiger T.R., Peeper D.S., The neurotrophic receptor TrkB in anoikis

resistance and metastasis: a perspective, Cancer Res. 65 (2005) 7033–7036.

20- Zhu Z., et al. Anoikis and metastatic potential of cloudman S91 melanoma

cells, Cancer Res. 61 (2001) 1707–1716.

21- Guo W., Giancotti F.G., Integrin signalling during tumour progression, Nat. Rev.

Mol. Cell Biol. 5 (2004) 816–826.

22- Janes S.M., Watt F.M., New roles for integrins in squamous-cell carcinoma,

Nat. Rev. Cancer 6 (2006) 175–183.

23- McLean G.W., et al. The role of focal-adhesion kinase in cancer—a new

therapeutic opportunity, Nat. Rev. Cancer 5 (2005) 505–515.

24- Douma S., et al. Suppression of anoikis and induction of metastasis by the

neurotrophic receptor TrkB, Nature 430 (2004) 1034–1039.

25- Gimbrone M.A., et al. Tumor dormancy in vivo by prevention of

neovascularization, J. Exp. Med. 136 (1972) 261–276.

26- Semenza G.L., Targeting HIF-1 for cancer therapy, Nat. Rev. Cancer 3 (2003)

721–732.

27- McDonald D.M., Choyke P.L., Imaging of angiogenesis: from microscope to

clinic, Nat. Med. 9 (2003) 713–725.

28- Padera T.P., et al. Lymphatic metastasis in the absence of functional

intratumor lymphatics, Science 296 (2002) 1883–1886.

29- Cao Y., Opinion: emerging mechanisms of tumour lymphangiogenesis and

lymphatic metastasis, Nat. Rev. Cancer 5 (2005) 735–743.

30- Carr J., et al. Lymphatic metastasis: invasion of lymphatic vessels and efflux

of tumour cells in the afferent popliteal lymph as seen in the Walker rat carcinoma, J. Pathol.

132 (1980) 287–305.

31- Chang Y.S., et al. Mosaic blood vessels in tumors: frequency of cancer cells

in contact with flowing blood, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 97 (2000) 14608–14613.

32- Wyckoff J.B., et al. A critical step in metastasis: in vivo analysis of

intravasation at the primary tumor, Cancer Res. 60 (2000) 2504–2511.

33- Funke I., Schraut W., Meta-analyses of studies on bone marrow micrometastases:

an independent prognostic impact remains to be substantiated, J. Clin. Oncol. 16 (1998)

557–566.



34- Paterlini-Brechot P., Benali N.L., Circulating tumor cells (CTC) detection: clinical

impact and future directions, Cancer Lett. 253 (2007) 180–204.

35- Zach O., Lutz D., Tumor cell detection in peripheral blood and bone marrow, Curr.

Opin. Oncol. 18 (2006) 48–56.

36- Fidler I.J., Metastasis: quantitative analysis of distribution and fate of tumor

embolilabeled with 125 I-5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine, J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 45 (1970) 773–782.

37- Padua D., et al. TGFbeta primes breast tumors for lung metastasis seeding

through angiopoietin- like 4, Cell 133 (2008) 66–77.

38- Talmadge J.E., Wolman S.R., I.J. Fidler, Evidence for the clonal origin of

spontaneous metastases, Science 217 (1982) 361–363.

39- Luzzi K.J., et al. Multistep nature of metastatic inefficiency: dormancy of solitary

cells after successful extravasation and limited survival of early micrometastases, Am. J.

Pathol. 153 (1998) 865–873.

40- Morris V.L., et al. Sequential steps in hematogenous metastasis of cancer cells

studied by in vivo videomicro scopy, Invasion Metastasis 17 (1997) 281–296.

41- Fidler I.J. The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis: the ‘seed and soil’ hypothesis

revisited, Nat. Rev. Cancer.(2003) 3: 453–458.

42- Kaplan, R.N., et al. VEGFR1-positive haematopoietic bone marrow progenitors

initiate the pre-metastatic niche. Nature (2005)438(7069), 820–827.

43- Sceneay J., Smyth M.J., Möller A. The pre-metastatic niche: finding common

ground. Cancer Metastasis Rev. (2013) Dec;32(3-4):449-64.

44- Harris, A. L. Hypoxia—a key regulatory factor in tumour growth. Nature Reviews.

Cancer, (2002) 2(1), 38–47.

45- Erler, J. T., et al. Hypoxia-induced lysyl oxidase is a critical mediator of bone

marrow cell recruitment to form the premetastatic niche. Cancer Cell (2009): 15(1), 35–44.

46- Wong, C. C., et al. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 is a master regulator of breast cancer

metastatic niche formation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United

States of America, (2011) 108(39), 16369–16374.

47- Sceneay, J., et al. Primary tumor hypoxia recruits CD11b+/Ly6Cmed/Ly6G+

immune suppressor cells and com- promises NK cell cytotoxicity in the premetastatic niche.

Cancer Research, (2012) 72, 3906–11.

48- Youn, J. I., et al. Subsets of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor-bearing mice.

Journal of Immunology (2008), 181(8), 5791–5802.

49- Sell S. & Pierce G. B. Maturation arrest of stem cell differentiation is a common

pathway for the cellular origin of teratocarcinomas and epithelial cancers. Lab. Invest.(1994)

70, 6–22



50- Reya T., et al. Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells. Nature (2001) 414, 105–

111

51- Pardal R., Clarke M.F., Morrison S.J. Applying the principles of stem-cell biology

to cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. (2003) Dec;3(12):895-902

52- Massague J. TGFbeta in cancer, Cell (2008) 134 :215–230.

53- Gaggioli C., et al. Fibroblast-led collective invasion of carcinoma cells with differing

roles for RhoGTPases in leading and following cells, Nat. Cell Biol (2007). 9: 1392– 1400.

54- D. Hanahan, R.A. Weinberg, The hallmarks of cancer, Cell (2000) 100: 57–70.

55- Bingle L., Brown N.J., and Lewis C.E. The role of tumour-associated macrophages in

tumour progression: implications for new anticancer therapies. J. Pathol. (2002) 196 :254–

265.

56- Condeelis J., and Pollard J.W. Macrophages: obligate partners for tumor cell

migration, invasion, and metastasis. Cell (2006) 124:, 263–266.

57- Berg D.J., et al. Enterocolitis and colon cancer in interleukin-10-deficient mice are

associated with aberrant cytokine production and CD4(+) TH1-like responses. J. Clin. Invest.

(2006) 98:, 1010–1020.

58- Deng L. et al.. A novel mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease links mammalian

target of rapamycin-dependent hyperproliferation of colonic epithelium to inflammation-

associated tumori- genesis. Am. J. Pathol. (2010) 176:, 952–967.

59- Enzler, T., et al. Deficiencies of GM-CSF and interferon gamma link inflammation and

cancer. J. Exp. Med. (2003) 197:,1213–1219.

60- Meira L.B., et al. DNA damage induced by chronic inflammation contributes to colon

carcinogenesis in mice. J. Clin. Invest. (2008) 118:, 2516–2525.

61- Colotta F. et al. Cancer-related inflammation, the seventh hallmark of cancer: links to

genetic instability. Carcinogenesis (2009) 30:,1073–1081.

62- DeNardo, D.G., et al. CD4(+) T cells regulate pulmonary metastasis of mammary

carcinomas by enhancing protumor properties of macrophages. Cancer Cell (2009) 16:, 91–

102.

63- Condeelis, J., and Pollard, J.W. Macrophages: obligate partners for tumor cell

migration, invasion, and metastasis. Cell (2006) 124:, 263–266.

64- Lin E.Y., et al. Colony-stimulating factor 1 promotes progression of mammary tumors

to malignancy. J. Exp. Med. (2001) 193:, 727–740.

65- Qian B.Z., Pollard J.W. Macrophage diversity enhances tumor progression and

metastasis. Cell. (2010) Apr 2;141(1):39-51.

66- Zumsteg A., and Christofori G. Corrupt policemen: inflammatory cells promote tumor

angiogenesis. Curr. Opin. Oncol (2009). 21:, 60–70.



67- Murdoch C., et al. The role of myeloid cells in the promotion of tumour angiogenesis.

Nat. Rev. Cancer (2008) 8,: 618–631.



THE UNTOLD STORY OF FINANCIAL EXCLUSION IN BRAZIL: A

REALIST APPROACH TO THE ORIGINS AND DETERMINANTS OF

FINANCIAL PRACTICES IN LOW INCOME COMMUNITIES.

Danielle Santanna,

Economics Division, Leeds University Business School Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

This brief presentation will set out the structure of the thesis project, covering theoretical

background, object of analysis and proposed methodology.

One of the challenges in researching financial exclusion is that this nomenclature

encompasses several very distinct research traditions. The financial inclusion (FI) policies

advocated by national governments and international organizations are radically detached

from the field of research in which the concept emerged, in terms of its assumptions, its

scope and its implications. We follow Gabor (2015) in differentiating between structural and

modern approaches.

The research undertaken here, which can be placed as a “return to origins,” takes as its

object of study the nature of the relationship between low income communities in Brazil and

the financial system, and the ways in which this relationship affects these communities’

vulnerability. It is argued that the model of financial inclusion that prevailed in the country

until the beginning of the 2000’s, and whose construction can be traced back to the 1950’s,

can be characterized as follows: the access of low income populations to the formal financial

system mostly happens through consumer credit, with the intermediation of retail companies,

at a high cost. On the one hand this model ensures widespread access to many types of

durable goods. On the other it is potentially harmful to the financial health of this public. In

addition, when coping with emergencies, this population is still quite vulnerable to informal

financial arrangements, so that "inclusion" did not mean access to a cushion against income

fluctuations.

In order to investigate the structural forces that shape this model, a Critical Realist (CR)

methodology is deployed. According to the CR stratified ontology, to understand the

observable world one must postulate and empirically substantiate the kind of necessary and

contingent relations that produce causal mechanisms that underlie observable events.

Building on Lawson (2006), who argues that those relations can be clustered, our

methodological strategy is to examine those of finance, labour/welfare and social/urban,

which combine, forming a model of FI. Those relations – and combinations – evolve over

time: so assessing the frailty or stickiness of any generative causal mechanism requires that

analysis be historically grounded. Additionally, assuming that causal mechanisms help to





define what is possible in “everyday life”, the task of identifying them can be facilitated by

capturing everyday experiences and perceptions. This will be done via a case study of

Complexo do Alemão, one of the biggest slums in Rio de Janeiro, which will involve

interviews and a follow-up survey.

Key words: financial exclusion; critical realism; consumer credit


References

Gabor, D. 2015. Financial exclusion: a critique. IIPPE Annual Conference, 11 September,

Leeds.

Lawson, J.2016. Critical realism and housing research. London: Routledge.



CARBON CAPTURE PROCESS VIA ADSORPTION TECHNOLOGY

Douglas Soares dos Santos, Joe Wood

University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT. [email protected]

Abstract: Separation processes have a large background in the world history, contributing

diverse processes to extract more than just one product from the same raw material.

Additionally, separation processes can open up possibilities to obtain the same product in

different ways, decreasing the obligation to use one raw material to extract only one product.

This technique has been applied since early civilizations, for instance, to obtain salt from the

sea water by evaporation, extract essential essences from flowers, petrol distillation to obtain

countless products and sub products, and other examples (Santos, 2014). The rapid

development and implementation of strategies will be necessary in order to apply solutions

to climate change since this problem is potentially damaging, as reported by the

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (Capros et al., 2010). A task that is

predicted to become even more challenging is the promotion of the control of the increase of

global energy demand (Rubin, 2005). Europe is committed to reducing 80% of emissions of

greenhouse gases until 2050, with defined emission reduction targets and promising to

comply with these goals on a global scale (Stern, 2006). Regarding electricity production,

technologies to reduce the use of carbon have been studied primarily aiming to accomplish a

reduction in the use of fossil fuels on a large scale - the reduction of the use of coal and gas

in plants that need energy sources (UNFCCC, 2011), for example. Emission reduction

proposals can be obtained by: (i) Increased efficiency (up to 20% reduction in CO2

emissions); (ii) Burning biomass with coal (up to 10%), and; (iii) Using CCS technology -

which can reduce emissions from power stations by up to 90% and the potential to

contribute up to 28% in the reduction of global carbon dioxide emissions until 2050

(Department of Trade and Industry, 2007). Nowadays, a variety of separation processes are

commonly applied to treat acidic gases. On the other hand, the main focus of this work is

restricted to the adsorption processes and their attributions, comparing with alternative

separation methods. Adsorption is considered a promising technology to reduce the

emissions of CO2, the main greenhouse gas. Researchers are continually putting a lot of

effort to develop adsorbents with high adsorption capacity, fast kinetics, high selectivity,

good mechanical properties and stability. Nowadays, new conversion/extraction fuel systems

have received more attention in the oil and gas energetic matrix. In parallel, it is extremely

important to relate this process with other newer technologies, such as membrane



permeation and chromatography. Additionally, Algal bio-fixation of CO2 in photo-bioreactor

has recently become a potential new technique to combine the biochemical technology in

CO2 capture process to reduce the quantity of chemical solvents used and expanding the

microbiology insertion in the oil and gas area. The adsorption process has a variety of

adsorbents which might be applied in the natural gas, biogas, and others processes to

capture carbon from natural sources. Experiments were started in the Laboratory of

Catalysis and Reaction Engineering research group at the University of Birmingham to

develop this project conducted via a high pressure system.

Keywords: Carbon capture project, carbon dioxide, adsorption process, oil and gas, adsorbents.


References

CAPROS, P., MANTZOS, L., TASIOS, N., DE VITA, A., and KOUVARITAKIS, N. EU energy

trends to 2030 - Update 2009, 2010.

DEPARTMENT OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY. Meeting the Energy Challenge: A White Paper

on Energy, 2007.

RUBIN, E., MEYER, L., and DE CONINCK, H. IPCC Special Report: Carbon Dioxide

Capture and Storage, 2005.

SANTOS, Douglas Soares dos. Comparative analysis of separation technologies of CO2

from the natural gas processing. Rio de Janeiro, 2014. Master Dissertation (Chemical and

Biochemical Technology) – School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio

de Janeiro, 2014.

STERN, N., Stern Review on The Economics of Climate Change, HM Treasury, London,

2006.

UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE (UNFCCC).

Report of the Conference of the Parties on its sixteenth session, held in Cancun from 29

November to 10 December 2010. Part one: Proceedings, 2011.



FOOD WASTE VALORIZATION: DRIVERS & OPPORTUNITIES

Eduardo Melo

Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, UK [email protected]

Abstract: Food supply chain by-products can either be regarded as waste or bioresource.

To date up to 1.3 billion tonnes of food biomass is wasted every year worldwide (1/3 of all

food production) in the several stages of the food supply chain, from which at least 60%

could be avoided. Unavoidable food waste such as fruit peels, bagasses, seeds, husks and

shells is a well known source of biobased chemicals containing both functionality and

heterogeneity necessary for subsequent applications. These chemicals can be extracted

using clean cutting-edge technologies as microwave, ultrasound and supercritical fluid

extraction and green solvents (water, ethanol or no solvent at all). A broad range of

molecules derived from food waste has been reported in literature (volatile compounds,

pectin, cellulose, starch, polyphenols, flavonoids, vitamins, carotenoids, organic acids,

proteins, sugars, etc.) and they have place for application in all sector of chemical industry

(food & nutrition, health & pharma, cosmetics, paints & dyes, biofuels, agrochemicals, etc.).

Nowadays consumers are becoming more and more aware of the unsustainability of our

current petro-based industry as well as of their environmental and health consequences. So

a new bio-based economy is appearing where biorefineries will replace conventional oil

refineries using biorenewable feedstock, clean technologies and green chemistry principles.

Some challenges for using food waste as a bioresource are: creating local biorefineries

capable of dealing with multiple feedstock streams to recover as much chemicals as

possible (zero waste approach); introducing green technologies to emerging economies like

Brazil, which is rich in biomass but lacks on suitable technological platform for biomass

conversion; and the upscaling of such technologies to process large quantities of available

biomass.

Keywords: green chemistry, food waste, biomass, clean technology

MODE OF PRESENTATION: ORAL OR 3 MINUTE + 1 SLIDE PRESENTATION.

References:

Baiano, A. 2014. “Recovery of Biomolecules from Food Wastes — A Review”. Molecules

19, no. 9: 14821–14842. http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/19/9/14821/.



FAO. 2014. FAO statistics. http://faostat3.fao.org/faostat-

gateway/go/to/download/Q/QC/E$%5Cbackslash$nhttp://faostat3.fao.org/.

Matharu, A. S., E. M. de Melo, and J. A. Houghton. 2016. “Opportunity for high value-added

chemicals from food supply chain wastes”. Biore-

sour. Technol. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096085241630325X.

Pfaltzgraff, L. a., M. De bruyn, E. C. Cooper, V. Budarin, and J. H. Clark. 2013. “Food waste

biomass: a resource for high-value chemicals”. Green Chem. 15 (2): 307–314.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C2GC36978H.



DOMINATION STRATEGIES IN STRUGGLES OVER MEGA-

EVENTS’ DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS: THE RIO DE JANEIRO AND

THE JOHANNESBURG CASES

Erick Omena de Melo

Oxford Brookes University [email protected]

Abstract: This paper aims to address issues of urban politics that are emerging in semi-

peripheral countries as neoliberal policies boosted by the attraction of sports mega-events

encounter highly unequal and informal environments. By looking at how local governments

have tried to avoid dissent and resistance to land clearance processes associated with

sports mega-events, this work intends to analyse the particular ways in which political

strategies and tactics of domination are taking shape under such conditions.

Using a theoretical framework based on Gramscian concepts, the main research questions

orienting this paper are: 1) how the combination between coercive and

hegemonic/ideological strategies is manifested in different cases of conflicts over

development projects associated with sports mega-events in the so-called developing

nations? And 2) what are the possible correlations between the dominant strategic options in

such conflicts and the levels of urban informality?

Empirical evidence is based on two cases: the regeneration projects related to the

refurbishment of the Ellis Park Stadium in Johannesburg for the 2010 FIFA World Cup and

the Maracanã Stadium in Rio de Janeiro for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. The methodology

consists of semi-structured interviews with community leaders, support groups and local

government officials coupled with the analysis of policy documents, media files, and

academic literature.

As a preliminary result, the author points out that keeping informal settlements as “grey

spaces” is key for the prevalence of coercive strategies over hegemonic tools in the Rio de

Janeiro and Johannesburg cases. The ambiguity of the planning status given to informal

settlements creates room for their criminalization and the discretionary use of a wide range

of state coercion tools. Whilst the Brazilian case showed a prioritization of opaque

government actions combined with intimidation against those challenging public-private

plans, the South African case tended towards the use of co-optation and more violent law

enforcement instruments. Conversely, as identified by other studies undertaken by the

author, hegemonic/ideological tools have been prioritized in countries at the core of the

capitalist world-system.



Keywords: Domination strategies, FIFA world cup, sports mega-events, urban conflicts, urban

redevelopment.


References

Bourdieu, P. (1986) The forms of capital. In J. G. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and

research for the sociology of education: 241-258. New York: Greenwood.

Davies J. S. (2012) Network governance theory: a Gramscian critique. Environment and

Planning A 44 2687–2704

Gramsci, A. (1971) Selections from the Prison Notebooks, translated and edited © by

Quintin Hoare and Geoffrey Nowell-Smith.

McFarlane, C. and Waibel, M. (2012) Urban Informalities. Reflections on the Formal and

Informal. London: Ashgate.

Robinson, J. (2002) Global and world cities: a view from off the map. International Journal of

Urban and Regional Research, 26: 531–554.

______. (2014). “New Geographies of Theorizing the Urban: Putting Comparison to Work for

Global Urban Studies.” InThe Routledge Handbook on Cities of the Global South, edited by

S. Parnell and S. Oldfield, 57–70. New York: Routledge.

Roy, A (2005) Urban informality: toward an epistemology of planning. Journal of the

American Planning, Association 71 (2) 147 – 158

______ (2011) Slumdog cities: Rethinking subaltern urbanism. International Journal of

Urban and Regional Research 35(2): 223–238

______ (2014). Worlding the South: toward a post-colonial urban theory. In Parnell, S. and

Oldfield, S. (eds), The Routledge Handbook on Cities of the Global South. London:

Routledge

Wallerstein, E. M. (2004) World-systems analysis: An introduction. Durham, N.C.: Duke

University Press.

Yiftachel, Oren (2009) Critical theory and “gray space”: Mobilization of the colonized. CITY

13, 246 –263

http://www.marxists.org/archive/gramsci/prison_notebooks/selections.htm



IS BRAZIL’S RESEARCH UP-TO-DATE? EVOLUTION OF COUNTRY

IMAGE STUDIES

Fabiana Gondim Mariutti

Leeds Beckett University, UK and CAPES Brasil [email protected]

Abstract: In the global economy along with the context of the international business, a

country’s image has become a fundamental topic in research for its status quo, competition,

and progress. Therefore, a number of conceptual terminologies have attempted to advance

themselves into theories as an evolution of this field of knowledge. ‘Country promotion’ has

been slightly evolved since the beginning of the 20th century undertaking diverse approaches

and little theoretical development. Since the 60s, the country-of-origin construct has been

extensively researched in international marketing by investigating the image of a country

mostly using quantitative methods. In 1987, ‘nation marketing’ was first created in the United

States of America yet not expansively studied in academia. The past thirty years have seen

increasingly rapid advances in the field of place branding (e.g., identity and image) in Europe

and Asia; nevertheless, nation branding started to become a more solid international

research domain after 2000. In 1996, the term ‘nation brand’ is originally coined in London,

England; since then, several countries have been ‘unit of analyses’ for different research

designs, theoretical perspectives, and governmental purposes. Furthermore, country

branding and nation branding are being used interchangeably in the literature for in-depth

review depending on the purpose of the research country’s needs. Although the foundation

of country branding studies is acknowledged within several disciplines, involving numerous

stakeholders and conveying multidimensional perceptions, the contextualization of a country

image per se is definitely neither fixed nor transitory. Therefore, the aim of this current

debate is to argue about Brazil’s stage in the international research arena regarding country

image and perhaps, advance in its nation branding studies. To date, this ongoing work has

indicated there is lack of research on Brazil comparing to other countries worldwide. Most

studies about Brazil’s image are on international business, followed by tourism; moreover,

these particular studies are equally quantitative or qualitative in regards to methods, followed

by mixed-methods or conceptual papers as well. In addition, this study has found that

continuous examinations of country image are needed in order to manage and enhance the

reputation of a country. Overall, this study strengthens the idea that Brazil is still unexplored

in regards to country image investigations and potential theoretical frameworks and

innovative methodologies could critically justify original themes for further research. Whilst

this study is not completed yet, it partly authenticates the significance of the topic while



debating the theoretical opportunities, investing in potential research, and participating in

conferences internationally.

Keywords: Brazil’s image, country image, country-of-origin, international business, place branding,

nation brand.

MODE OF PRESENTATION: 3 MINUTES + 1 SLIDE PRESENTATION.

List of references:

Anholt, S. (2007) Competitive Identity: the new brand management for nations, cities, and

regions. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Creswell, J.W. (2014) Research Design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods

approaches. 4th ed. International student edition. Los Angeles: Sage.

Dinnie, K. (2016) Nation Branding: Concepts, Issues, Practice. 2nd edition. Oxon:

Routledge.

Fan, Y. (2010) Branding the nation: Towards a better understanding. Place Branding and

Public Diplomacy, 6: 97–103.

Gudjonsson, H. (2005) Nation branding. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 1 (3):

283–298.

Gertner, D. (2011) Unfolding and configuring two decades of research and publications on

place marketing and place branding. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 7 (2): 91-106.

Jaffe, E. D. and Nebenzahl, I. D. (2001) National Image and Competitive Advantage.

Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School Press.

Kaneva, N. (2011). Nation branding: Toward an agenda of critical research. International

Journal of Communication, 5:117-141.

Kavaratzis, M. (2005) Place Branding: A Review of Trends and Conceptual Models. The

Marketing Review, 5: 329-342.

Kotler, P.; Haider, D. and Rein, I. (1993) Marketing Places: Attracting Investment, Industry,

and Tourism to Cities, States, and Nations. New York: The Free Press.

http://library.leedsmet.ac.uk/uhtbin/cgisirsi/?ps=25TdVbV3IR/CITY/92850096/18/X100/XAUTHOR/Creswell,+John+W.



Mariutti, F.G. (2015) Reflections on the challenging mission of the country brand construct in

the international business setting. ESPM Internext. São Paulo, 10 (3): 58-70.

Moilanen, T. and Rainisto, S. (2009) How to Brand Nations, Cities, and Destinations: a

planning book for place branding. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Olins, W. (2013) Nation Branding [Online] Speech at the CI-Convention on Nation

Branding, in Graz. Available from: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bc-

N1Upvgr8andapp=desktop> [Accessed 4 November 2013]

Roth, K.P. and Diamantopoulos, A. (2009) Advancing the country image construct. Journal

of Business Research, 62: 726-740.

Skinner, H. (2008) The emergence and development of place marketing's confused identity.

Journal of Marketing Management, 24 (9-10): 915-928.

Warnaby, G. (2009) Towards a service-dominant place marketing logic. Marketing Theory,

9 (4): 403-423.



RURAL GEOGRAPHY AND GLOBALIZATION: BUILDING A

THEORETICAL APPROACH FROM BRAZIL IN THE

CONTEMPORARY WORLD

Felipe da Silva Machado

Human Geography, Plymouth University

[email protected]

The literature of rural geography in Brazil is mainly constituted by agricultural economies and

analysis of agricultural policies, such as institutional change, agricultural technological

development, rural-urban migration, which emphasize the empirical evidence of how

structural factors improve agricultural production. The repercussion of the challenges for

rural areas in developing world in the early twenty-first century such as the political

economies of new strategies for economic development based on the use and management

of resources and the resilience of rural communities have been paid little attention in the

Brazilian academic debate.

However, the complexity present in Brazilian countryside and its spatial diversity contribute

to better understanding the multidirectional and multidimensional paths in the global

countryside, going beyond the view of economic space only subject to external interferences

that demand resources such as food and energy. Rural studies in Europe have discussed

that the rural also face increasing competition from industry, residential development,

services and environmental functions so that new uses have created opportunity and conflict

which are reflected in distinctive land uses (Marsden et al., 1993; Wilson, 2007; Woods,

2011).

In summary, against linear and structural thinking concerning rural development, I argue that

little attention has been paid to investigating the rural by combining macro-political economy

with the analysis of local strategies in Brazil. Thus, this paper aims to debate the changes of

contemporary Brazilian rural geography under the context of its dramatic socio-economic

integration into global capitalism by focusing on rural communities.

Keywords: Brazil, globalization, rural communities, rural change, rural geography, rural studies.


References

Marsden, T., Murdoch, J., Lowe, P., Munton, R. and Flynn, A. (1993). Constructing the

Countryside. UCL Press, London.





Wilson, G.A. (2007). Multifunctional Agriculture: A Transition Theory Perspective. CABI,

Wallingford.

Woods, M. (2011). Rural. Routledge, Abingdon-New York.



CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN YERBA MATE

Matta, F. V.; Ward, N. I.

University of Surrey [email protected]

Abstract: Ilex Paraguariensis, popularly known as “Yerba Mate”, is a native plant from

South America naturally grown, covering the areas of Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. The

most popular way to be consumed is through an infusion made by dried leaves in a

traditional cup, without prejudice of tea bags or even iced tea infusions. Disregarding the

existence of researches that correlate the consumption of this infusion to cancer, recent

researches show significant levels of antioxidants in it. There is an alleged immense variety

of health benefits resulted from its consumption, even tough there is a lack of conclusive

researches on that field. The main purpose of this research is to develop the chemical

analysis of trace elements in yerba mate through ICP-MS, comparing the Brazilian and

Argentine products, specially regarding the mensuration of Manganese levels present in

leaves and infusions. Thus, it is necessarily the proposition of a method that simulates inside

laboratory the traditional consumption of yerba mate in South America and also evaluates

the digestion method of dried leaves. This research will contribute to the local producers in

South America as it will allow them to get familiarized with their own product, so as the local

communities that traditionally consume these infusions.

Keywords: ICP-MS; Trace Elements, Yerba Mate

MODE OF PRESENTATION: POSTER PRESENTATION (IF POSSIBLE, ALSO THE 3 MINUTE + 1

SLIDE PRESENTATION)

References:

Bracesco, N.; et al. Recent advances on Ilex paraguariensis research: Minireview. Journal of

Ethnopharmacology 136 (2011), 378–384

Boaventura, B. C. B.; et al. Enhancement of bioactive compounds content and antioxidant

activity of aqueous extract of mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil.). Food Research

International, 53 (2013), 686–692

Donnelly, C. M. The Characterisation and delivery of flavonoids and other minor

components in traditional food ingredients. 2015. 321. PhD Thesis. University of Surrey



TOWARDS A DANCE HIGHLIGHTED BY SHADOW AND DARKNESS

Flaviana Xavier Antunes Sampaio

PhD Candidate in Dance at the University of Chichester (CAPES Proc nº 0601/14-4) Assistant Professor at the Southwest Bahia State University (UESB – Drama and Dance courses) [email protected]

Abstract: This is an overview of my practice-led PhD regarding the possibilities of shadow

to distort a dancer’s appearance in performance. It includes a concept of shadow which I

justify by sharing misunderstandings in this subject. In addition, this article looks at the

properties of shadows involved in my work designed as a live solo performance. The

proposed Practice-led Research methodology includes an iterative cycle involving: 1. Studio

experiments involving the manipulation of the human figure through conventional and

alternative devices of lighting leading a performance; 2. Analysis of literature review on

scenography and stage lighting (Abulafia (2016), Allain and Harvie (2014), Aronson (2005,

2010), Baugh (2005), Butterworth and McKinney (2009), Collins and Nisbet (2010), Crisafulli

(2013), Howard (2009), Huxley and Witts (2002), Iball and McKinney (2011) and Palmer

(2013); 3. Analysis of relevant artforms works that focus on the relationship between shadow

and lighting - Mhmmmhm (2002) by Fred Eerdekens, 6 (2014) by Tao Dance Theatre and

«both,and» (2015) by Russell Maliphant Dance company. In discussing my practices, I

argue that shadows from a moving body are ephemeral and unpredictable. I should note that

this research is provisional, largely visual, and has been theorised via philosophies of

shadows (Abram 2011, Sorensen 2011, Casati 2004 and 2005, Wagner 2005 and Tanizaki

2001) and studies on perception (Arnheim 2004, Baudrillard 2000 and Deleuze 2002 and

2006).

Keywords: Dancer, shadow, distortion.


References:

Abram, D. (2011) Becoming animal: an earthly cosmology. New York: Vintage Books

Abulafia, Y. (2016) The Art of Light on Stage: Lighting in Contemporary Theatre. Oxon:

Routledge

Arnheim, R. (1974/2004) Art and visual perception: a psychology of the creative eye,

London: University of California Press.

Allain, P. and Harvie, J. (2014) The Routledge Companion to Theatre and Performance (2nd





ed.) Oxon: Routledge

Aronson, A. (2005) Looking Into the Abyss: Essays on Scenography. Michigan: University of

Michigan Press

Aronson, A. (2010) "Postmodern design" in Collins, J. and Nisbet, A. (edt.) Theatre and

performance design: A reader in scenography. Oxon: Routledge

Baudrillard, J. (2000) The Vital Illusion. Edit. By Julia Witwer. New York: Columbia University

Press

Baugh, C. (2005) Theatre, performance and technology: The development of scenography in

the twentieth century. New York: Palgrave Macmillan

Butterworth, P. and McKinney, J. (2009) The Cambridge Introduction to Scenography.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Casati, R. (2005) “Shadow tales of knowledge and power”. Translated from the Italian by

Milena Nuti. In klædefabrik (edt.) Shadow play: shadow and light in contemporary art.

Heidelberg: Kehrer.

Casati, R. (2004) Shadows: Unlocking Their Secrets, from Plato to Our Time. Translated

from the Italian by Asher, B. Vintage Books: New York

Collins, J. and Nisbet, A. (2010) Theatre and performance design: A reader in scenography.

Oxon: Routledge

Crisafulli, F. (2013) Active Light: Issues of Light in Contemporary Theatre. Dublin:

Artdiland.com Ltd

Deleuze, G. (1993/2006) The Fold: Leibniz and the Baroque. London: Continuum

Deleuze, G. (1981/2002) Francis Bacon: The Logic of Sensation. Minneapolis: University of

Minnesota Press

Howard, P. (2009) What Is Scenography? 2nd edt. London: Routledge

Huxley, M. and Witts, N. (2002) The Twentieth-Century Performance Reader Paperback.

London: Routledge

Iball, H and McKinney (2011) “Researching Scenography”, in Kershaw, B and Nicholson, H

(edt.) Research Methods in Theatre and Performance. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University

Press

Palmer, S. (2013) Light: Reading in Theatre Practice. London: Palgrave Macmillan

Sorensen, R. (2011) Seeing Dark Things: The Philosophy of Shadows. Oxford: Oxford

University Press

Tanizaki, J. (1933/2001) In Praise of Shadows. Translated from the Japanese, by Harper, T.

& Seidensticker, E. London: Vintage Books

Wagner, A. (2005) “The shadow in art history”. Translated from the German by Jeanne

Haunschild. In klædefabrik (edt.) Shadow play: shadow and light in contemporary art.

Heidelberg: Kehrer.



DANÇANDO COM A PRÓPRIA SOMBRA

Flaviana Xavier Antunes Sampaio

Doutoranda em Dança na Universidade of Chichester (CAPES Proc nº 0601/14-4)

Professora Assistente da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB – Licenciatura em Dança e Licenciatura em Teatro)

[email protected]

Resumo: De acordo com Roberto Casati (2005, p. 44) a ‘sombra de uma pessoa

inicialmente aparenta segui-la; independente do movimento da pessoa, a sombra a

obedece. Mas, é mesmo sombra tão fiel e passiva?’ (tradução minha). Desde setembro

2014 desenvolvo uma pesquisa liderada pela prática na qual busco diálogos expressivos

entre dançarino e sua sombra. A cada semana realizo experimentos em um teatro a partir

da interação de um dançarino e uma fonte de luz. Ao trabalhar com uma lanterna

pendurada acima do dançarino, por exemplo, tenho explorado movimentos de luz, do

dançarino e de ambos, para a criação de sombras expressivas. Um dos meus objetivos é

criar sombras que sugiram transformação da aparência do dançarino no palco. Esta

apresentação trará um panorama da minha pesquisa e sua importância para as artes

cênicas.

Palavras-chave: Dançarino, sombra, luz.

MODO DE APRESENTAÇÃO: 3 MINUTES + 1 SLIDE.

References:

Abram, D. (2011) Becoming animal: an earthly cosmology. New York: Vintage Books

Abulafia, Y. (2016) The Art of Light on Stage: Lighting in Contemporary Theatre. Oxon:

Routledge

Arnheim, R. (1974/2004) Art and visual perception: a psychology of the creative eye,

London: University of California Press.

Allain, P. and Harvie, J. (2014) The Routledge Companion to Theatre and Performance (2nd

ed.) Oxon: Routledge

Aronson, A. (2005) Looking Into the Abyss: Essays on Scenography. Michigan: University of

Michigan Press

Aronson, A. (2010) "Postmodern design" in Collins, J. and Nisbet, A. (edt.) Theatre and

performance design: A reader in scenography. Oxon: Routledge

Baudrillard, J. (2000) The Vital Illusion. Edit. By Julia Witwer. New York: Columbia University

Press





Baugh, C. (2005) Theatre, performance and technology: The development of scenography in

the twentieth century. New York: Palgrave Macmillan

Butterworth, P. and McKinney, J. (2009) The Cambridge Introduction to Scenography.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Casati, R. (2005) “Shadow tales of knowledge and power”. Translated from the Italian by

Milena Nuti. In klædefabrik (edt.) Shadow play: shadow and light in contemporary art.

Heidelberg: Kehrer.

Casati, R. (2004) Shadows: Unlocking Their Secrets, from Plato to Our Time. Translated

from the Italian by Asher, B. Vintage Books: New York

Collins, J. and Nisbet, A. (2010) Theatre and performance design: A reader in scenography.

Oxon: Routledge

Crisafulli, F. (2013) Active Light: Issues of Light in Contemporary Theatre. Dublin:

Artdiland.com Ltd

Deleuze, G. (1993/2006) The Fold: Leibniz and the Baroque. London: Continuum

Deleuze, G. (1981/2002) Francis Bacon: The Logic of Sensation. Minneapolis: University of

Minnesota Press

Howard, P. (2009) What Is Scenography? 2nd edt. London: Routledge

Huxley, M. and Witts, N. (2002) The Twentieth-Century Performance Reader Paperback.

London: Routledge

Iball, H and McKinney (2011) “Researching Scenography”, in Kershaw, B and Nicholson, H

(edt.) Research Methods in Theatre and Performance. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University

Press

Palmer, S. (2013) Light: Reading in Theatre Practice. London: Palgrave Macmillan

Sorensen, R. (2011) Seeing Dark Things: The Philosophy of Shadows. Oxford: Oxford

University Press

Tanizaki, J. (1933/2001) In Praise of Shadows. Translated from the Japanese, by Harper, T.

& Seidensticker, E. London: Vintage Books

Wagner, A. (2005) “The shadow in art history”. Translated from the German by Jeanne

Haunschild. In klædefabrik (edt.) Shadow play: shadow and light in contemporary art.

Heidelberg: Kehrer.



THE NATURAL THREAT OF URANIUM IN OUTCROP ROCKS: THE

CASE OF SÃO JOSÉ DE ESPINHARAS - HINTERLAND OF THE

PORTO DE SUAPE/BRAZIL

Fredy Bezerra Carneiro

Flávio Ferreira da Silva

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco e Faculdade Santa Helena Programa de Pós-graduação em Administração/Departamento de Energia Nuclear [email protected]

Abstract: The main purpose of the research was to analyze samples of rock outcrops to

determine the radioactivity level in a truly anomalous area with Uranium concentration. The

field of study was a region located in northeastern Brazil, the city of São José de Espinharas,

State of Paraiba which is inserted in the hinterland of the Porto de Suape. Radioecological

and radiometric studies are important to monitor geographic areas using techniques of

environmental dosimetry. The results are useful to determine the environmental protection

and traffic restriction and human presence, use of raw materials from the region in

construction and agriculture. They can also indicate the existence of economically

exploitable mineral deposits. The research was theoretical/empirical and quantitative. The

technique used was the non-destructive analysis of samples with application of gamma

spectrometry high-resolution HPGe detector. The samples were collected during 2013 and

processed between 2014 and 2015 in the Departamento de Energia Nuclear of the

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. The results showed that in 60% of samples, the radio

equivalent activity is up to 95% above the maximum indicated by UNSCEAR. The relevance

of this study is to empirically demonstrate that the surveyed area should be isolated from the

population, which uses it for cattle grazing for food crops and as a raw material for housing

construction. It is recommended that people and animals are removed from the surveyed

area. Furthermore, the natural material is not supposed to be used for construction and

agriculture. The objective is to protect the health of residents and bystanders away from the

issue of the radioisotopes. As future research, it is suggested to estimate the value of the

deposit in economical terms and to establish a local community movement program for

remote geographical area of the deposit.

Keywords: Environmental protection, Paraíba, Porto de Suape, Radioecology, Radiometry, São José de

Espinharas



A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A GROUP-BASED MODEL TO DELIVER

POSTNATAL CARE IN SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED

COMMUNITIES

Giordana de Cássia Pinheiro da Motta1; Christine McCourt2, Penny Haora3; Juliet Rayment4

1PhD candidate at City University London, School of Health Sciences, Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research, London, UK; Scholarship holder from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brazil. 2Professor of Maternal and Child Health, City University London, School of Health Sciences, London, UK. 3Research Fellow, Institute for Health & Human Development, University of East London, London, UK; Honorary Researcher, Barts Health NHS Trust. 4Lecturer at City University London, School of Health Sciences, London, UK. Main author email: [email protected]

Background and Rationale: The postnatal period is a relatively neglected area of practice

in both high- and low-income countries1. Women from socio-economic and racial/ethnic

minority population groups are at greater risk of not receiving appropriate perinatal care2, so

it becomes imperative to create strategies to reach those women and engage them in their

own care. Furthermore, the most appropriate model to provide postnatal care (PNC) is still

an area of uncertainty3. Following promising outcomes from Group Antenatal Care models4,

conducting group-based care for mothers and babies from socially disadvantaged

communities during the postnatal period could help improve satisfaction and maternal-child

health outcomes.

Aim: To test the feasibility of implementation of a group-based model of PNC in

communities considered socially disadvantaged.

Methods: The study adds a postnatal component to a broader project on group-based

antenatal care, ‘Pregnancy Circles’, part of the REACH Pregnancy Programme in East

London (London Boroughs of Tower Hamlets, Newham and Waltham Forest, part of Barts

Health NHS Trust). Using a complex intervention design5, the research includes women who

are pregnant and accept to be part of the ‘Pregnancy Circles’ and consists of two phases:

two-stage feasibility study and pilot randomized trial. The feasibility study comprises two

distinct stages: Focus groups and one-to-one interviews – to identify women’s, midwives’

and managers’ views and needs regarding ante- and postnatal care and its delivery in a

group-based model. Three focus groups were conducted with a total of 26 women from the

three boroughs. Sixteen midwives and managers were interviewed across the three sites.

Recordings were transcribed and data is being analysed using thematic analysis approach;

and Test groups – to implement, in a small sample, the protocol for group-based ante- and





postnatal care developed from data emerging in stage one and a systematic realist review.

This phase assesses women’s and professionals’ acceptability of this model and further

develop the intervention protocol. Three test groups are taking place, one in each borough.

Up to approximately 36 women (8 to 12 women in each group) are being recruited when

attending their first midwife appointment. Data will be collected through observation of

groups and interviews with both women and midwives involved (online survey and one-to-

one interviews with a small sample). This researcher is active in the data collection for the

feasibility study and is analysing data regarding PNC.

Findings and discussion: Preliminary findings of stage one show that women and

professionals presented clear views on quality PNC needs and provided important

contributions to the development of the pilot trial protocol. Findings of this study will help to

develop a new, locally-appropriate model to be implemented in disadvantaged communities.

As a limitation, a full randomized controlled trial will not be possible to be completed during

the period of this PhD.

Conclusion: Developing a new strategy for actively engaging women in their PNC could

improve women’s participation, and better inform policy and practice development. Following

this London-based work, we propose to develop an adapted protocol of group-based PNC

for testing and implementation in the Brazilian context.

Keywords: Feasibility study, Health care delivery, Model of care, Postnatal care.


References:

1. World Health Organization (2014). WHO recommendations on postnatal care of the

mother and newborn. Geneva: World Health Organization.

2. Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University. (2007). A Science-Based

Framework for Early Childhood Policy: Using Evidence to Improve Outcomes in Learning,

Behaviour, and Health for Vulnerable Children. Available from:

http://developingchild.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Policy_Framework.pdf.

Accessed: February 15, 2016.

3. Sandall, J., Soltani, H., Gates, S., Shennan, A., Devane, D. (2015). Midwife-led continuity

models versus other models of care for childbearing women, Cochrane Database of

Systematic Reviews, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD004667.

4. Lathrop, B. (2013). A Systematic Review Comparing Group Prenatal Care to Traditional

Prenatal Care, Nursing for Women's Health, 17(2), pp. 118-130.



5. Richards, D.A. and Hallberg, I.R. (2015). Complex Interventions in Health: an overview of

research methods. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis.



INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF PHARMACOLOGICAL

BLOCKADE OF PPAR-Α AND PPAR-Β/Δ ON FORMALIN-EVOKED

NOCICEPTIVE BEHAVIOUR, FEAR-CONDITIONED ANALGESIA

AND CONDITIONED FEAR IN THE PRESENCE OF NOCICEPTIVE

TONE IN RATS.

Jessica C. Gaspar1,3, Bright Okine1,3, Alvaro Llorente-Berzal1,3, Orla Burke1, Michelle Roche2-

3, David P. Finn1’3

1Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2Physiology, School of Medicine, 3NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland Main author email: [email protected]

Abstract

Background

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor

family and occur in three isoforms: PPAR-α, PPAR-β/δ and PPAR-γ. There is evidence for

their involvement in pain2, cognition3 and mood disorders 4. However, their role in pain-fear

interactions is not well understood. Fear-conditioned analgesia (FCA) is pain suppression

upon re-exposure to a context previously paired with an aversive stimulus 5.

Aim

To investigate the effects of systemic administration of PPAR-α and PPAR−β/δ antagonists

on formalin-evoked nociceptive behaviour, FCA, and conditioned fear in the presence of

nociceptive tone in rats.

Methods

Male Sprague-Dawley rats received footshock (10x1s, 0.4mA) or no footshock in a

conditioning arena; 23.5 hours later, rats received intraplantar injection of formalin (2.5%)

into the right hindpaw and systemic administration (i.p.) of vehicle, PPAR-α (GW6471;

2mg/kg) or PPAR-β/δ (GSK0660; 1mg/kg) antagonists. Thirty minutes after the injections,

rats were re-exposed to the conditioning arena for 15 minutes where nociceptive and fear-

related behaviours (freezing and 22KHz ultrasonic vocalisation) were assessed. Data were

analysed using repeated measures or two way ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD post-hoc test.

P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Fear-conditioned rats expressed robust FCA and context-induced freezing. Systemic

administration of the PPAR-α and PPAR-β/δ antagonists prolonged context-induced freezing

and increased the duration of 22KHz ultrasonic vocalisation without altering nociceptive

behaviour.

Conclusion



PPAR-α and PPAR-β/δ may play a role in the extinction of conditioned fear in the presence

of nociceptive tone.

Acknowledgements

The present study was carried out with financial support from CNPq, Conselho Nacional de

Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico – Brazil (207530/2014-9).

References

Blanquart, C., Barbier, O., Fruchart, J.C., Staels, B., and Glineur, C. (2003). Peroxisome

proliferator-activated receptors: regulation of transcriptional activities and roles in

inflammation. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 85: 267–73.

Maeda, T., and Kishioka, S. (2009). PPAR and Pain. International Review of Neurobiology

85: 165–77.

Panlilio, L. V, Justinova, Z., and Goldberg, S.R. (2013). Inhibition of FAAH and activation of

PPAR: new approaches to the treatment of cognitive dysfunction and drug addiction.

Pharmacology & Therapeutics 138: 84–102.

Kemp, D.E., Schinagle, M., Gao, K., Conroy, C., Ganocy, S.J., Ismail-Beigi, F., et al. (2014).

PPAR-γ agonism as a modulator of mood: proof-of-concept for pioglitazone in bipolar

depression. CNS Drugs 28: 571–81.

Butler, R.K., Nilsson-Todd, L., Cleren, C., Lena, I., Garcia, R., and Finn, D.P. (2011).

Molecular and electrophysiological changes in the prefrontal cortex-amygdala-dorsal

periaqueductal grey pathway during persistent pain state and fear-conditioned analgesia.

Physiol Behav 104: 1075–1081.

Keywords: fear, fear-conditioned analgesia, pain, ppar, GSK0660, GW6471




ADDRESSING FOOD SECURITY IN A CHANGED CLIMATE BY

UNDERSTANDING WHEAT YIELD IMPROVEMENT

Joao Paulo Pennacchi1,2, John Andralojc1, Bill Davies2, Martin Parry2and Elizabete Carmo-

Silva2,

1Rothamsted Research Institute, 2Lancaster University [email protected]

Abstract: Wheat is one of the major grain crops worldwide and provides approximately one-

fifth of the total caloric and protein input of the World’s population. In the UK, wheat is the

most widely grown crop occupying about 50% of the total arable land. It has been estimated

that increases of 60% will be required in the yield of grain crops such as wheat and rice if

food supply is to meet the demands of the increasing world in population. This situation is

further compounded by the predicted change in climate and the need to protect

environments. There is clearly an urgent need to develop crop plants that yield higher

outputs per unit area of land, without having to increase inputs of fertilizer or water.

This research is part of the Rothamsted Research 20:20 Wheat® Project and is being

developed in a partnership between Rothamsted Research and Lancaster University. 20:20

Wheat® aims to provide the knowledge base and tools to increase potential wheat yields (in

the UK) to 20 t ha-1 within the next 20 years (counting from 2012). The particular focus of the

PhD project is to work with different wheat cultivars, revealing traits and important agronomic

characteristics related to potential high yield cultivars.

Two wheat populations are the research focus of the project: i) ERYCC Panel (Earliness &

Resilience for Yield in a Changed Climate) with 64 spring and winter wheat cultivars,

originating from UK, France and Mexico; ii) HxP double-haploid mapping population,

developed by Syngenta. Phenotypic characteristics – as physiological parameters,

biochemical components, plant phenology and productivity – and genotypic features – as

genetic markers, parentage coefficients and potential QTLs – are being measured for each

of the populations. An integrated analysis based on phenotype and genotype interaction is

proposed to reveal genetic traits related to photosynthetic capacity and yield.

Data from current experiments as well as data obtained from previous field experiments will

be part of a large database, providing strong support to statistical analysis, based on

multivariate statistical methods.



In parallel, molecular and physiological analysis are being carried out in genetically modified

plants expressing the ictB (inorganic carbon transporter B) gene related to CO2 transport

and concentration at the Rubisco site. These analyses are testing the hypothesis that

expression of ictB will have a positive impact on wheat photosynthetic capacity and biomass

production.

The final goal is to provide an indication of superior wheat cultivars and traits for breeding

high yield, based on physiological and biochemical parameters, phenology and agronomic

characteristics, and by developing and improving methods of analysis.

Keywords: Climate Change, Food Security, Genetics, Photosynthesis, Sustainable Agriculture, Wheat

MODE OF PRESENTATION: 1ST - ORAL COMMUNICATION

References

AINSWORTH EA and LONG SP (2005) What have we learned from 15 years of free-air CO2

enrichment (FACE)? A meta-analytic review of the responses of photosynthesis, canopy

properties and plant production to rising CO2. New Phytologist. 165, 351-371.

GODFRAY HCJ, BEDDINGTON JR, CRUTE IR, HADDAD L, LAWRENCE D, MUIR JF,

PRETTY J, ROBINSON S, THOMAS SM, TOULMIN C (2010) Food Security: The Challenge

of Feeding 9 Billion People. Science. 327, 812-818.

PARRY MAJ, REYNOLDS M, SALVUCCI ME, RAINES C, ANDRALOJC PJ, ZHU XG,

PRICE GD, CONDON AG, FURBANK RT (2011) Raising yield potential of wheat. II.

Increasing photosynthetic capacity and efficiency. Journal of Experimental Botany. 62, 453-

467.

PARRY MAJ and HAWKESFORD MJ (2011) An Integrated Approach to Crop Genetic

Improvement. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology. 54, 250–259.



USO DO DISCURSO DO SUJEITO COLETIVO COMO FERRAMENTA

DE ANÁLISE EM PESQUISAS ACERCA DA PSICODINÂMICA DO

TRABALHO

Juliana Almeida Coelho de Melo, Francine Lima Gelbecke, Felipa Rafaela Amadigi

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC [email protected]

Abstract: O presente manuscrito busca realizar uma reflexão sobre o uso do discurso do

sujeito coletivo como ferramenta de análise em pesquisas acerca da psicodinâmica do

trabalho com o auxílio do software Qualiquantisoft®. O desafio nas pesquisas qualitativas

que utilizam a Psicodinâmica do trabalho como referencial teórico e metodológico não está

apenas na escolha correta dos instrumentos e técnicas, ou somente nos procedimentos e

experiência do pesquisador. É preciso, além de seguir o método proposto por Christophe

Dejours, conduzir com rigor a análise e interpretação dos dados ou do material empírico

coletado. Em uma rápida pesquisa realizada na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e

dissertações com o indexador “Psicodinâmica do Trabalho” foram localizadas 170

dissertações e 62 teses publicadas no Brasil. Realizou-se a análise das teses publicadas

entre os anos de 2010 a 2016, totalizando 33 estudos. Desses, seis teses não foram

analisadas, pois não se tratavam de pesquisas envolvendo o tema em questão. Por fim, 27

teses foram examinadas quanto ao método de análise de dados utilizado. Observou-se que,

apesar de todos os estudos utilizarem como referencial teórico a Psicodinâmica do

Trabalho, não existe consonância na escolha do método para a análise dos dados. Nos

estudos qualitativos observa-se uma predominância da Análise de Conteúdo como escolha

pelos pesquisadores (10 estudos). Diante desse panorama e considerando os pressupostos

de Dejours, compreende-se que a psicodinâmica do trabalho procura essencialmente

identificar questões subjetivas do trabalho e por isso, seria ilusório tentar objetivá-las em

categorias com diferentes recortes de discursos. O pesquisador deve buscar a

heterogeneidade que existe entre a palavra do trabalhador e a experiência de quem

pesquisa, por isso, a importância do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). A origem do

Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC) se deu na década de 1990, por meio dos pesquisadores

brasileiros Fernando Lefevre e Ana Maria Cavalcanti Lefevre. De forma resumida trata-se

de uma técnica para análise de dados em pesquisas qualitativas ou quantitativas, que

busca o processamento dos diferentes depoimentos com sentidos semelhantes sobre um

tema específico, reunindo-os em discursos redigidos na primeira pessoa do singular.

Entende-se que o DSC busca reconstruir as representações de determinado grupo e/ou

coletivo, articulando as dimensões individuais e coletivas. O DSC mostra-se como uma

ferramenta copiosa nas análises de pesquisas acerca da psicodinâmica do trabalho.



Enquanto a psicodinâmica do trabalho busca demonstrar o que é vivenciado pelo

trabalhador no campo de trabalho e para isso utiliza a fala como o ato representativo, o

DSC pode ser utilizado como instrumento de organização e análise dos depoimentos

oriundos das falas dos trabalhadores, por meio de procedimentos claros, padronizados e

precisos.

Palavras–chave: análise qualitativa, discurso do sujeito coletivo, métodos, pesquisa qualitativa,

psicodinâmica do trabalho.

MODALIDADE DE APRESENTAÇÃO: COMUNICAÇÃO ORAL

Referências

DEJOURS, Christophe. Entre o desespero e a esperança: como reencantar o

trabalho? Revista Cult, São Paulo, n. 139, p.49-53, 2010. Disponível em:

<http://revistacult.uol.com.br/home/category/edicoes/139/>. Acesso em: 14 out. 2013.

______. A Loucura do Trabalho: Estudo de Psicopatologia do Trabalho. 6. ed. São Paulo:

Cortez, 2015.

LANCMAN, Selma; SZNELWAR, Laerte Idal (Org.). CHISTOPHE DEJOURS: Da

psicopatologia à psicodinâmica do trabalho. 2. ed. Brasília: Fiocruz, 2008. 396 p.

LEFEVRE, Fernando; LEFEVRE, Ana Maria Cavalcanti. Discourse of the collective subject:

social representations and communication interventions. Texto Contexto

Enferm, Florianópolis , v. 23, n. 2, p. 502-507, June 2014 . Available from

<http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0104

07072014000200502&lng=en&nrm=iso>. Access on 20 Apr. 2016.

LEFEVRE, Fernando; LEFEVRE, Ana Maria Cavalcanti; MARQUES, Maria Cristina da

Costa. Discurso do sujeito coletivo, complexidade e auto-organização. Ciênc. Saúde

coletiva, Rio de Janeiro , v. 14, n. 4, p. 1193-1204, Aug. 2009 . Available from

<http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413

81232009000400025&lng=en&nrm=iso>. Access on 20 Apr. 2016.



MARTIM GONCALVES – BRIDGES AND NETWORKS BETWEEN

BRAZIL AND UK IN THE FOLLOWING II WORLD WAR

Jussilene Santana

Postdoctoral researcher at SED/Queen Mary University of London By Premio Capes de Tese 2013 [email protected]

Abstract: This research follows the Martim Goncalves’s steps in UK between 1941 and

1961. He was the creator of the School of Theatre of the Federal University of Bahia, the first

one in the Brazil linked at a higher education institution. The director was a fellow in London

for many years and organized several and pioneers exchanges between British and

Brazilians institutions and artists. This school had great influence in the Brazilian culture,

inspiring important cultural movements, as Tropicalism and Cinema Novo, and artists, as

Caetano Veloso, Glauber Rocha and Maria Bethania, among others. The firsts movies of the

Cinema Novo was produced there, with students this school, like Barravento and Deus e o

Diabo na Terra do Sol. The director of this pioneering school in Brazil studied Fine Arts,

Costume and Theatre Set Design at the Slade School of Fine Art (UCL), also taking classes

at Ruskin College, in Oxford. He donated one Mestre Vitalino’ handcraft (Vitalino was a

famous Brazilian craftsman previously unknown), at the Ashmolean Museum/Oxford

(GONCALVES, 1997). In Oxford, he created the scenarios to Unity Theatre and Lindsay

Theatre. In London, he did the scenarios to Amanhã será outro Dia, play by Paschoal Carlos

Magno, and The Marriage of Figaro, directed by Alberto Cavalcanti. In June, 15th 1945,

Martim becomes Old Vic’s trainee/improver. He writes and paints about him experience in

London/Oxford during II World War to Brazilian’s magazines. Martim Gonçalves would have

done lectures on theatre at the BBC. By several exchanges, he promoted the Nilda

Spencer’s fellowship at Central School of Speech and Drama, in London, in 1961. In other

hand, He invited to Bahia’s School, BBC’s set designer Gordon Roland, Royal Court

Theatre’s producer George Devine and winning movie director John Schelesinger. “In a

good measure, the School of Theatre was similar at self-governing schools of art founded in

the post-war world. In the United States, England and Europe there are many examples in

place until today; these institutions originally followed orientations from schools of the

European avant-garde, counting on immigrant European teachers and artists” (SANTANA,

2015). I’ve researched about the impact this School (and its production and staging) in

Brazilian political and social life. This first administration was severely persecuted. There

are implications between this persecutory movement and Military Coup years later

(SANTANA, 2012). Teachers and artists from another fifteen countries taught in school.



Through partnerships in human resources, technology transfer and funding (this school had

then a controversial agreement with the Rockefeller Foundation and partnership with another

institutions around the world), Gonçalves supported the emergence of five major institutions

that would make up the Bahia culture current face: the Castro Alves Theatre, the Sacred Art

Museum, the Museum of Modern Art, the Teatro Vila Velha and the Centre for Afro-Oriental

Studies. As well as it supported the work of immigrant artists-thinkers who, until then, did not

have institutional locus: the Portuguese Agostinho da Silva, the Italian Lina Bo Bardi and the

French Pierre Verger.

Keywords: Arts, Exchange, Higher Education, Martim Goncalves, Theatre.


References:

EICHBAUER, Helio, DEDE, Veloso. Arte na Bahia. Salvador, Corrupio, 1991.

GONCALVES, Hebe. Martim Goncalves em Cena. Biografia nao publicada. Recife, 1997.

SANTANA, J. 2015. Crisis in the Teaching of the Arts and the Techniques at the Brazilian

Universities? Reflexions on the History of the School of Theatre of Federal University of

Bahia, Founded in 1956. Presentation at Humboldt Colloquium – Research Excellence in a

Globalised World – Experiences and Challenges from a Brazilian-German Perspective.

Poster Session 21 (Modernisation of Government).

SANTANA, J. Martim Goncalves – Uma Escola de Teatro Contra a Provincia. Tese de

Doutorado defendida no PPGAC, Escola de Teatro – UFBA, janeiro de 2012. Premio

Capes de Tese 2013.



RACE AND COLOUR SHAPING "OTHERNESS": THE VOICE OF

MIGRANTS BLACK BRAZILIAN WOMEN IN THE UK

Katucha Bento


Abstract: My doctoral research aims to understand emotions of black Brazilian women in

the everyday practices as migrants in the United Kingdom. Emotions are evoked in this

research as dimensions of human and social reality linked to relations of power, shaping

bodies, actions and perceptions towards others; unfolding regimes of expressivity that

enable the understanding of “otherness”. In this research, the “other” is related to the

dichotomy between the West and the Rest suggested by Stuart Hall. I explore how the

“other” (the rest) is constituted in the everyday lives of black Brazilian women in the UK as

migrants, among the intersections that mark differences in a hierarchical way. During the

conversation with participants, I was able to realise that not only race, but shades of skin

colour are important to perceive the self as “other”. Emotions conjure in and through the

narratives of black-Brazilian-women-migrants during our conversation of about their

Diaspora. Centring the voices of the racialised “other”, put in evidence the multiple ways of

being black women and decenter racial absolutisms and fixed stereotypes. I understand

emotions as a form to enact black women’s agency (power) to articulate their own voice and

positionings in discourses on migration in the UK. This will lead to destabilise and decolonise

discourses to define different perceptions of power and point out the emotions that play an

important role in life experiences of black women. By articulating a critical decolonial black

feminist perspective between hegemony and subalternity; centre and periphery I will debate

the plurality within the intersectionality of black women. Discussing a decolonial perspective

using racialised bodies with the intention of de-essencialise cristalised ideas on the female

black body and mind enables a more dynamic and autonomous construction of identities,

intimately related to embodied emotions, giving another range of meanings and

representations.

Keywords: Black Brazilian women, Coloniality, Diaspora, Emotions, Migration, Skin colour.

MODE OF PRESENTATION: ORAL

Bhabha H. K. 1990. Nation and narration. London: Routledge.

Costa, S. 2006. Dois Atlanticos: Teoria Social, Anti Racismo, Cosmopolitismo. Belo

Horizonte: Editora UFMG.

Collins, P.H. 1991. Black feminist thought: knowledge, consciousness, and the

politics of empowerment. Routledge, New York.

Fanon, F. 2008. Black Skin, White Masks. London: Pluto Press.



Pinho, P. 2010. Mama Africa: Reinventing Africanness in Bahia. Translated

by Elena Langdon. Durham: Duke University Press.

Tate, S. A. 2005. Black skins, black masks: Hybridity, dialogism, performativity.

Aldershot, Hants, England, Burlington, VT: Ashgate.



UNIVERSAL CHURCH AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE SERVICES IN

BRAZIL: THE FIGHT OVER ‘GENDER’ AND IMPLICATIONS FOR

VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE AND BRAZILIAN SECULARISM

Kim Beecheno, PhD Candidate

King’s College London [email protected]

Abstract: Activism in the area of violence against women in Brazil has typically been the

realm of feminist activists, who have also denounced the steady growth of evangelical

Christianity as influencing a turn towards social and political conservatism (CDD, 2016).

Feminists claim that this is eroding hard-won women’s rights in Brazil. In this paper, using

ethnographic data recently conducted in Brazil (2015), I examine Universal’s project (known

as Project Rahab) for women who suffer domestic violence and the implications of its

growing proximity to state services for women and state secularism.

Universal is an international, Pentecostal church and Project Rahab now exists on all

continents. Universal’s ability to mobilise thousands of women across Brazil suggests that a

church-led women’s movement with a focus on domestic violence could be an important

vehicle for raising awareness around the issue, hitherto not addressed in the public sphere

by churches in Brazil. It also offers women of faith strategies for dealing with violence that

complement their religious belief systems. However, the growing proximity of Universal’s

‘spiritual’ services for battered women with secular services provided by the state also serve

to legitimize Universal’s very specific gendered messages within the public sphere, as well

as attracting more potential converts and helping the church grow. This raises controversial

questions as to the role of religious services in Brazil, which are forming a growing number

of state/religious partnerships as providers of health and social services (Mourier, 2013). It

questions the state’s responsibility towards the democratic ideal of secular services for

citizens, especially the vulnerable and suggests implications for women and gendered

relations in Brazil.

Keywords: Domestic Violence, Feminism, Gender, Religion, Secularism, Universal Church

MODE OF PRESENTATION: ORAL COMMUNICATION (10 MINUTE)

References:



CDD, (2016), Católicas Pelo Direito de Decidir, A Violação Escancarada dos Direitos das

Mulheres, Negros e LGBTs, online, http://catolicas.org.br/novidades/editoriais/genero-

direitos-mulheres/ (accessed 20/03/2016)

Mourier, E. (2013) "Religion as a Social Substitute for the State: Faith-Based Social Action in

Twenty-First Century Brazil", in International Development Policy: Religion and

Development, No.4, Geneva: Graduate Institute Publications, Basingstoke: Palgrave

Macmillan, pp. 79-94.

http://catolicas.org.br/novidades/editoriais/genero-direitos-mulheres/



http://www.palgrave.com/products/title.aspx?pid=482615





EXPLORING BONDARIES IN MANY-PARTICLE QUANTUM

SYSTEMS

Krissia de Zawadzki, Luiz Nunes de Oliveira and Irene D’Amico

São Carlos Institute of Physics (University of São Paulo) Department of Physics (University of York) [email protected]

Abstract: The understanding of Quantum Mechanics and its implications in nature laws has

allowed to investigate new phenomena in atomic scale. Specially for systems comprising a

larger number of strongly interacting particles - such as solids and molecules - it is very

difficult to find appropriate models and to quantitatively calculate their properties. One of the

first models proposed for describing some of these systems is the Hubbard model, which

has been widely used to describe metals, spin lattices and even ultracold atoms trapped into

optical lattices. Despite its simplicity, the Hubbard model is extremely difficult to solve

exactly: when the size of the system becomes sufficient large, it is analytically impractical

and computationally prohibitive due to the exponential dependence of the memory required to carry

out the calculation. In fact, the numerical solution of many-body systems is limited by the number of

states that can be realized within the computational framework. Iterative approaches, such as the

Lanczos diagonalization and the Numerical (NRG) and Density Matrix (DMRG) Renormalization-

Groups, allow to account for a large number L of degrees of freedom and yield accurate results for

the low-energy spectra and ground-state properties. Independent of which iterative solution we are

considering when seeking to recover the limit L → ∞, we must start with a finite partition and

increase its size progressively until reach the desired limit. One promissing idea is to explore

boundary conditions that preserve physical aspects of the infinite limit, such as particle-hole

symmetry. In the present work, we aim to improve the initial step of the computation by

implementing different boundary conditions: open, periodic and twisted. We present results for the

ground-state the gap energies in finite chains described by the Hubbard model from the small to the

strong coupling limits. Our results show that even with small chains, we achieve a considerable

improvement compared to the exact expression for the energy with L → ∞. Based on our approach,

we foresee a prospective implementation of a renormalization-group study of larger systems.

Keywords: Boundary conditions, Hubbard model, Particle-hole symmetry, Spin Chains




References:

ESSLER, F. H. L.; FRAHAM, H., GOHMANN, F., KlUEMPER, A., KOREPIN, V. E. The

One-Dimensional Hubbard Model. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. 673 p.

HIRSCH, J. E., Renormalization-group study of the Hubbard model. Physical Review B, v.

12, n. 11, p. 5259--5266, 1980. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.22.5259.

LIEB, E. H., WU, F.Y, The one-dimensional Hubbard model: a reminiscence, Physica A:

Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, v. 321, n. 1-2, 2003. doi: 10.1016/S0378-

4371(02)01785-5.



ACADEMIC VOCABULARY: AN ANALYSIS OF HOW BRAZILIAN

STUDENTS WRITE ACADEMIC ENGLISH

Larissa Goulart da Silva

The University of Warwick [email protected]

Abstract: Academic vocabulary is one of the main issues presented by Brazilian students of

English for Academic Purposes, especially when they have to read or write academic texts

(Vongpumivitch, Huang and Chang, 2008). Students from different nationalities interviewed

by Shawn (1991) also declared that vocabulary was their main problem when writing

academic English. Therefore, this study analyses how Brazilian students use academic

vocabulary in order to better understand their difficulties and propose classroom practices

that could help students improve their Academic Vocabulary. A corpus of Brazilian EAP

writing was built for this study, this corpus consists of essays submitted by Brazilian students

as part of their evaluation in their university courses in the United Kingdom. The research

questions are: a) What is the vocabulary profile of essays written by Brazilian students?; b)

How do these students use academic vocabulary? and c) How is this use different from the

vocabulary profile found in Hyland and Tse’s (2007) and Coxhead’s (2000) academic

corpora?. The analysis of the vocabulary profile of Brazilian students was carried out using

LexTutor (Cobb, n.d) and therefore focuses on the coverage of the Academic Word List

(AWL) (Coxhead, 2000) and the General Service List (GSL) (West, 1953) in each essay and

on the corpus as a whole. Results show that essays written by Brazilian students present the

same coverage of AWL and GSL words as in other academic corpora. However, in depth

analysis shows that although the percentage of AWL coverage is the same, the words

selected by Brazilian students are different from the words selected by students who

received a distinction on their essays. Analysis of the concordance lines shows that this

usage reflects the extensive use of passive voice in the corpus of Brazilian students. These

findings provide insights on issues that could be addressed in classes of EAP for Brazilian

students.

Keywords: Academic Word List, Brazilian Academic English, English for Academic Purposes.


References



Cobb, T. (n.d.). The complete lexical tutor. Retrieved from http://www.lextutor.ca/ on 24

March 2016.

Coxhead, A. (2000). A new academic word list. TESOL Quarterly, 34 (2), 213–238.

Hyland, K. and Tse, P. (2004). Metadiscourse in academic writing: a reappraisal. Applied

Linguistics, 25, 156–77.

Shaw, P. (1991). Science research students’ composing processes. English for Specific

Purposes, 10, 189–206.

Vongpumivitch, V., Huang, J. Y., & Chang, Y. C. (2009). Frequency analysis of the words in

the Academic Word List (AWL) and non-AWL content words in applied linguistics research

papers. English for Specific Purposes, 28, 33 - 41.

West, M. (1953). A general service list of English words. London: Longman.

http://www.lextutor.ca/



EVALUATION OF LONG-TERM FUNCTION IN ANIMALS AFTER

DISTAL MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY OCCLUSION

Marinho, L.P., Ahmed, J., Trueman, R.C., Farr, T.

University of Nottingham [email protected]

Abstract: Stroke is the result of an ischaemic infarction or bleeding in the brain, which is

manifested in seconds or minutes. The main causes of ischemic stroke are thrombosis in

situ or from cardiac emboli. The use of animal models has provided a better understanding

of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of stroke; mice and rats are the most commonly used

species. The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is the most often affected cerebral vessel in

human ischemic stroke. Thus, techniques that occlude this artery in rodents are closest to

the human condition. The distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) is performed with

a temporal craniotomy, and the MCA is permanently ligated at a point upstream of the

lenticulostriate branches. The technique requires the separation of the temporalis muscle,

and removal of the skull overlying the MCA. The MCA is occluded by electrocoagulation and

transection. The main advantages of the craniotomy are good reproducibility in infarct size

that is entirely in the cortex and, low mortality. The main disadvantage is the lack of reliable

behavioural tests to evaluate a long-term assessment of the neurological outcome. There

are a wide variety of behavioural tests, however animals often exhibit spontaneous recovery

and some literature has reported that animals with dMCAO do not exhibit deficits at all. The

aim of this project is to evaluate sensitive tests of motor function in these animals, as

dMCAO causes sensorimotor impairment in the contralateral paw. We will employ the wire

hanging test, in which the animal has to hold onto a wire or a cage lid to avoid a fall,

suspending its body with its forepaws. Between the posts, there is a soft pillow to avoid

injury if it falls. This test evaluates the animal’s grasping ability and endurance. We wi ll also

examine the cylinder test, sticky label test and staircase reaching test; which ones assess,

respectively, spontaneous forelimb use, sensory asymmetry and forelimb extension.

Keywords: Animal model, behavioural test, craniotomy, distal middle cerebral artery occlusion, stroke.




Balkaya, M., KrÃber, J., Rex, A. and Endres, M. (2012). Assessing post-stroke behavior in

mouse models of focal ischemia. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 33(3),

pp.330-338.

Bouet, V., Boulouard, M., Toutain, J., Divoux, D., Bernaudin, M., Schumann-Bard, P. and

Freret, T. (2009). The adhesive removal test: a sensitive method to assess sensorimotor

deficits in mice. Nat Protoc, 4(10), pp.1560-1564.

Bouet, V., Freret, T., Toutain, J., Divoux, D., Boulouard, M. and Schumann-Bard, P. (2007).

Sensorimotor and cognitive deficits after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the

mouse. Experimental Neurology, 203(2), pp.555-567.

Dirnagl, U. (2010). Rodent models of stroke. New York: Humana.

Engel, O., Kolodziej, S., Dirnagl, U. and Prinz, V. (2011). Modeling Stroke in Mice - Middle

Cerebral Artery Occlusion with the Filament Model. Journal of Visualized Experiments, (47).

Kleinschnitz, C., Fluri, F. and Schuhmann, M. (2015). Animal models of ischemic stroke and

their application in clinical research. DDDT, p.3445.



SMALL FARMERS AND LAND CONCENTRATION: PERSPECTIVES

AND LAW

Laura Candian Fraccaro

Ph.D student at University of Campinas, Research funded by São Paulo Research Foundation – FAPESP [email protected]

Abstract: In April 17th 2016, it has been twenty years since the Eldorado Carajás Massacre

in which nineteen members of landless workers movement were killed by police officers.

Although the violence and injustice that took place in this dispute over a piece of land may

seem unique, these elements had been part of Brazil history for many centuries. Violence

toward people, destruction of crops, expropriation, forgery of land records and other

strategies were recurrently used by estate owners who wanted to obtain a larger rural

property. In this presentation, I analyse the trial disputes over land tenure in the turn of

eighteenth to nineteenth century in order to understand how legal instruments, justice and

local elites had an essential role on the land concentration we face nowadays. In order to do

so, I chose Campinas as a study case since, at the period analysed, the city had a rapid

economic growth based in sugar production. In the first decades after the foundation of the

township, food farmers and the expanding plantation owners had a complementary

relationship. The sugar cane plantations provided seasonal jobs for food producers and their

families, as also a consumer market. Simultaneously, the food producers opened the

frontier, slashing and burning the surrounding areas, and they guaranteed protection in the

fringes of the sugar state from squatters. However, with the sugar cane plantation intrinsic

necessity of enlarging its territory and its participation in the food production, the small

farmers rapidly faced an increasing competition in the local market and the eviction of their

land. The chosen research methods were micro-history and nominative record linkage,

aimed at following individuals over time and through a variety of historical sources, for

instance, wills, probate documents and trials records regarding conflicts over landholding.

Micro-history and nominative record linkage allow a reconstruction of the biographies of

individuals and kin groups, in order to better understand their economic and social strategies

for survival. It is mandatory to scrutinize the laws regarding the access to land and property

along the history of Brazil. The issues proposed by this presentation may help to think a

more egalitarian society wherein the perspectives of lower classes, repeatedly ignored in

Brazil history, will be taken into account.



Keywords: land concentration, squatters, food farmers, nineteenth century


Bibliography and References

ALTINK, Henrice. Representation of slave women in discourses on slavery and abolition,

1780-1838. New York: Routledge, 2007.

ALTINK, H. Slavery by another name: Apprenticed women in Jamaican workhouses in the

period 1834–81, Social History, 26:1, 2001.

BACELLAR, Carlos de Almeida Prado. Os senhores da terra: famílias e sistema sucessório

de engenho do Oeste Paulista, 1765-1855. Campinas: CMU/ Editora Unicamp, 1997.

CHALHOUB, Sidney. Visões da Liberdade: uma história das últimas décadas da escravidão

na corte. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1990.

COSTA, Emilia Viotti da. Da senzala à colônia, São Paulo: Editora da Unesp, 4ª edição,

1998.

DEAN, Warren. Rio Claro: um sistema brasileiro de grande lavoura, 1820-1920. Trad.

Waldívia Portinho. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra, 1977.

FARIA, Sheila de Castro. A colônia em movimento: fortuna e família no cotidiano colonial.

Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira, 1998.

FRANCO, Maria Sylvia de Carvalho. Homens livres na ordem escravocrata, 4ª Ed., São

Paulo: Fundação Editora da UNESP, 1997.

GRENDI, Edoardo. Repensar a micro-história?. In REVEL, J. (org.) Jogos de escalas. A

experiência da microanálise. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. FGV, 1998, p. 251-262.

KUZNESOF, Elizabeth. "Migração e Família no Mundo Atlântico: Brasil e Portugal” In:

Núcleo de Estudos de População ‘Elza Berquó’. Campinas, SP: UNICAMP, March 24th

2014.

LEVI, Giovanni. A herança imaterial: trajetória de um exorcista no Piemonte do século XVII.

Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 2000.

LIMA, Henrique Espada. A micro-história italiana:escalas, indícios e singularidades.Rio de

Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 2006.

LUNA, Francisco V. KLEIN, Herbert. Evolução da sociedade e economia escravista de São

Paulo de 1750-1850. Edusp, 2005.

MACFARLANE, Alan. Família, Propriedade e Transição Social. Trad: Ruy Jungman. Rio de

Janeiro: Zahar Editores S. A., 1980.

MACFARLANE, Alan. Reconstructing Historical Communities. London: Cambridge

University Press, 1977.



MARTINS, José de Souza. O Cativeiro da Terra, 2ª edição, Livraria Editora Ciências

Humanas Ltda, 1981.

_________. O tempo da fronteira. Retorno à controvérsia sobre o tempo histórico da frente

de expansão e da frente pioneira. Tempo Social; Rev. Sociol. USP, SP, 8(1): 25-70, maio

1996.

MARTINS,Valter. Nem senhores, nem escravos: os pequenos agricultores em Campinas,

1800-1850, Ed. CMU/Unicamp, 1996.

MATTOS, Hebe. Ao sul da História: lavradores na crise do trabalho escravo. Rio de Janeiro:

Ed. FGV, Faperj, 2009.

METCALF, Alida. Family and frontier in colonial Brazil: Santana de Parnaíba, 1580-1822.

Austin: University of Texas Press, 2005.

PETRONE, Maria Thereza S. A Lavoura canavieira em São Paulo. Expansão e Declínio

1765-1851. Difel, São Paulo, 1968.

PRADO JUNIOR, Caio. Formação do Brasil Contemporâneo:colônia.Ed. Brasiliense, 5ª Ed.,

1957 .

SCOTT, Ana Volpi. A historiografia do Cambridge Group: contribuições ao estudo da

população, família e do grupo doméstico. Revista Estudos Amazônicos, Vol. IX, N.01, 2013,

p.01-31.

SHARPE, James. The bewitching of Anne Gunter: a Horrible and True Story of Deception,

Witchcraft, Murder, and the King of England. New York: Routledge, 2000.

SILVA, Fernando Teixeira da; CHALHOUB, Sidney . Sujeitos no imaginário acadêmico:

escravos e trabalhadores na historiografia brasileira desde os anos 1980. Cadernos Arquivo

Edgard Leuenroth (UNICAMP) , v. 14, p. 13-57, 2009.

SLENES, Robert W. A. Escravidão e família: padrões de casamento e estabilidade familiar

numa comunidade escrava. Campinas, século XIX. Estudos Econômicos, São Paulo, vol.

17, nº 2, maio/ago,1987.



ESPORTS AND OLYMPIC GAMES: SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS OF

RIO 2016 CASE STUDY

Vanisssa Wanick1

Leonardo Mataruna2

1. University of Southampton 2. Coventry University – CARNiVAL project sponsored by European Union's

Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013/under REA grant agreement n° 612614 [email protected]

Abstract:

Technology and digital devices have enabled people to watch spectacles and mega events

everywhere at any time. In this scenario, video games emerged as a way to provide more

interactive experiences to users all over the world. The result of that is the rise of games as

a cultural form. In this context, eSports arose as a way to understand the spectator’s and the

player’s role in through the lens of sports and entertainment. With the Olympics happening

this year, the announcement of eSports tournaments is a reflection of gaming as a culture.

During the 2016 Olympics, people will be able to play and watch extremely skilled gamers

playing videogames. eSports are a new social and cultural practice. For gamers, it is a way

to be seen, displaying their skills and abilities while playing games. For the audience, it is a

way to feel excitement while watching others play games. However, the spectator’s role

goes beyond excitement. Audiences are organised into communities. This new category of

video gaming goes beyond getting a high score. The exchange of excitement and enjoyment

between audience and gamers make eSports a global phenomenon in business. One of the

main challenges of studying eSports is segmentation and demographics. On the other hand,

eSports allow different types of players that have the necessary skills to compete. This could

reflect an inclusive characteristic of eSports. eSports tournaments occur in arenas and the

gameplay is usually streamed all over the world. The audience can watch their teams

playing in the big screen anywhere. This shows that eSports can be ubiquitous. In addition,

with advances in technologies, such as virtual reality, eSports could become more “real”

than people could imagine. Video games can embed sports values, particularly through trust,

respect and friendship. This incorporation of video games in the Olympics reinforces the

concept that video games can be inclusive and go beyond entertainment. For Rio 2016,

eSports could reinforce the legacy of the Olympic games and to be an associate tool to

promote mega events. In this talk, we address the main implications about eSports in the

Olympics setting through an overview of eSports definition, players’ skills and abilities,

audience features, sports values, social and economic impacts and implications for the

future of eSports in the Olympics.



Keywords: eSports, games, culture, sport management


References:

Mataruna, L. (2007). Percepção dos Jogos Pan-Americanos Rio 2007 por especialistas

internacionais em estudos Olímpicos. In: Rejane Penna Rodrigues; Leila Mirtes Magalhães

Pinto; Rodrigo Terra; Lamartine P. DaCosta. (Org.). Legados de Megaeventos Esportivos.

1ed.Brasília: Ministério do Esporte, 2008, v. 1, p. 337-342.

Taylor, L.L. (2014). Introduction to ESPORTS: your guide to the world of electronic sports

and how it has become a million-dollar business. Digital Independent Book.

Zambrano, C. (2014). Havok: your introduction to esports. Book1. California: Havok Series.



SPORTS MEGA-EVENTS AND TOURISM DESTINATION IMAGE OF

BRAZIL: FOREIGNERS’ INTENTIONS TO ATTEND THE 2016

OLYMPIC GAMES

Dr Leonardo Jose Mataruna-Dos-Santos 1.3 and Thiago Melo2.3

1: Coventry University 2: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro / Technische Universität München 3: CARNiVAL project sponsored by European Union's Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013/under REA grant agreement n° 612614

Since the bidding process for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, the holding of sport mega-events in

Brazil has been used as a discursive instrument to justify investments and possible legacies

that these events can promote to the country. Between these legacies, Tourism figures as

one of the main lasting legacy of the World Cup and the Olympic Games. This paper is a

presents a preliminary study part of the research conducted in the European Union’s

CARNiVAL project. It investigates how sports mega-events is influencing in the image of

Brazil as a tourism destination and then foreigners’ intention to attend the next Olympic

Games, to be held in Rio de Janeiro this year. A mixed qualitative and quantitative

questionnaire survey was applied in the city centre of Munich, Germany, looking forward to

find evidences which could verify the hypothesis that the more positive is the image of Brazil

as a tourism destination, the higher the intention to visit the country during the Olympics. In

the end we draw relevant conclusion for the next steps of this research that is being

developed at the Technische Universität München.

Keywords: Brazil, Olympic Games, Foreigners, Tourism destination image.

PRESENTATION MODALITY: ORAL PRESENTATION

References:

Gruneau, R. ; Horne, J. (Ed.) (2015). Mega-Events and Globalization: Capital and Spectacle

in a Changing World Order. Routledge Research in Sport, Culture and Society. New york:

Routledge.

Mataruna, L. (2007). Percepção dos Jogos Pan-Americanos Rio 2007 por especialistas

internacionais em estudos Olímpicos. In: Rejane Penna Rodrigues; Leila Mirtes Magalhães

Pinto; Rodrigo Terra; Lamartine P. DaCosta. (Org.). Legados de Megaeventos Esportivos.

1ed.Brasília: Ministério do Esporte, 2008, v. 1, p. 337-342.



Roche, M. (2000) Mega-Events and Modernity: Olympics and expos in the growth of global

culture. Routledge, London. Chp, .1, p.1-30.



SPORTS MEGA-EVENTS AND ADVERGAMES: AN ANALYSIS OF

MARIO AND SONIC IN RIO 2016 OLYMPIC GAMES

Andressa Guimarães-Mataruna1

Leonardo Mataruna1

Vanisssa Wanick2

1. Coventry University – CARNiVAL project sponsored by European Union's Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013/under REA grant agreement n° 612614. 2. University of Southampton [email protected]

The new tendencies of sport mega-events on video game are impacting in the feelings of the

consumers. It is a pathway to persuade youth people to become future users of sport video

games. The mega sport events became part of the routine of the Brazilians especially the

Olympic and Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro. Associated with these coming events,

products for consumption are created for different age profiles, goals and consumers,

principally in the market for games. The objective of this study is to search games,

advergames and Olympic Education related to the two sport mega events in Brazil in 2016. It

was applied a classification to investigate the subjects, design, the characters, perspectives,

research of brands (advergames) and elements of the Olympic values. The findings revealed

that just the game ‘Mario and Sonic and The Olympics’ focused on one only event without

include concepts of the Olympism. In conclusion, the Educational Values and the diversity of

Paralympics could be explored as part of sport mega- event legacy.

Keywords: Sport Mega Events, Legacies, Games, Advergames, and Olympic Values.

PRESENTATION MODALITY: ORAL PRESENTATION

References:

BIZZOCCHI, J; BEN LIN, M; TANENBAUM, J. Games, narrative and the design of interface.

International Journal of Arts and Technology. 4, 4, 460-479, Oct. 1, 2011.

BROOKEY, R.A.; OATES, T.P. (eds). Playing to Win: Sports, Video Games, and the

Culture of Play. Ed. Robert Alan Brookey and Thomas P. Oates. Indiana University Press,

2015.

WANICK, V.; RANCHHOD, A.; WILLS, G. Advergames e influências culturais no

comportamento do consumidor: uma análise do papel dos heróis, símbolos, rituais e



experiências contextuais. Intercom – Sociedade Brasileira de Estudos Interdisciplinares

da Comunicação. Rio de Janeiro: 2015

WANICK, V.; RANCHHOD, A.; WILLS, G. Cultural persuasive affordances in advergaming

design across cultures. Proceedings of the 19th International Academic Mindtrek

Conference on - AcademicMindTrek ’15. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 22 set.

2015. Disponível em: <http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2818187.2818293>. Acesso em:

28.1.2016



THE UNDERSTANDING OF CRITICAL THINKING TROUGH’S

CONSTRUCTION UNDER THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY

DEVICES: A THEORY PROPOSED BY CYBERNETICS SCIENCE

Lucia Helena Cavalcanti das Neves Valle

Richard Mitchell

University of Reading [email protected]

Abstract: Concern for critical learning spaces within the school emerges in the digital

generation, as an urgent need. Critical thinkers will be more adaptable to technologies and

therefore the most likely to succeed in their activities. John Dewey, in his studies, has

emphasised the need for reconstruction of everyday school practice, suggesting that is

imperative abandon the ready-to-use models and work on a reflective philosophy of

educational practice (Dewey, 2007). Now, this discussion seems to take shape (Almeida,

2011; Facione, 2000) as the information analysis skills that are directly related to critical

thinking, have been discussed in the context of digital natives (Prensky, 2005), having,

however, a need of bringing about the concepts relevant critical thinking the digital

generation since it is organized and moves differently from "paper culture".

Issues relating to understanding and learning have been classified in conventional academic

terms, giving a focus to Digital Technologies as a matter just of technology, forgetting to

address them as part of a broader understanding of the world. Attempts by current cognitive

models in dealing with technology in school have only been able to see it as an instrument, a

tool within a larger process, forgetting that we are dealing with the issues in a grander

system. The science of Cybernetics seeks to understand the present in an interdisciplinary

approach in general and particularly pausing in cyberspace and how that effects humans

and their relationships. This research will seek a deeper understanding of critical thinking

and technology using the methods of Cybernetics.

Keywords: Critical Thinking, Cybernetics, Human Cognition


References:





Almeida, M. E. B. D. (2011). Tecnologia e educação a distância: abordagens e contribuições

dos ambientes digitais e interativos de aprendizagem. Revista Brasileira de Educação a

Distância, 6.

Dewey, J. (2007). Experience and education. Simon and Schuster.

Facione, P. A. (1990). Critical Thinking: A Statement of Expert Consensus for Purposes of

Educational Assessment and Instruction. Research Findings and Recommendations.

Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants part 1. On the horizon,9(5), 1-6.



FERDINAND REBAY’S CHAMBER SONATAS: CONTEXT,

ANALYSIS, PERFORMANCE AND RECEPTION

Luiz Mantovani

Royal College of Music [email protected]

Abstract:

A closer look at the 19th century guitar developments in Austria reveals a decline in activity

during the second half of that century. As a consequence, there is an absence of relevant

guitar chamber music repertoire from the Romantic period, in contrast to what had happened

in Vienna in the early 1800s (BUEK, 1926; HUBER, 1995; HACKL, 2011). The unearthing of

Viennese composer Ferdinand Rebay (1880-1953) in the early 2000s revealed a wealth of

original works written for guitar and other instruments. Although he lived in a period

commonly associated with the Modernism and beyond, it has been suggested that Rebay’s

writing shares stylistic traces with those of Romantic master Johannes Brahms (GAITZSCH,

2006), thus offering an alternative to the absence of original romantic repertoire. This project

deals with a specific group of pieces written by Rebay between 1925 and 1942: his nine

sonatas for melodic instrument and guitar. It is being conducted in three fronts, unified by

contextual, analytical and practical procedures. Firstly, I propose to investigate Rebay’s life

and career through the few available biographical sources and contextualize it against the

background of the immense historical, political, social and cultural changes that

encompassed his life's period. It also addresses his extreme conservative style in a period of

modernist developments, represented in Vienna by composers such as Gustav Mahler and

Arnold Schoenberg. The second part involves an in-depth investigation of the group of

sonatas, culminating with a presentation of case studies. Each case study addresses a

particular question raised from a variety of musicological approaches, including practice-

based ones fed by my own experience in studying and performing these works. Finally, the

third part examines the reception of this music by today’s audiences and performers.

Through questionnaires directed at audiences (concert and online) and interviews with the

chamber music partners, it will be possible to go beyond individual taste and conceive a

collective evaluation of Rebay’s music.

Keywords: chamber music, guitar, Ferdinand Rebay, Modernism, sonata, Vienna




References:

Buek, Fritz. Die Gitarre und ihre Meister. Berlin-Lichterfelde : Schlesinger’sche Buch- und

Musikhandlung, 1926.

Bujic, Bojan. Arnold Schoenberg. London: Phaidon, 2010.

Gaitzsch, Johann. “Ferdinand Rebay, Forgotten Brahms Epigone or Major Guitar

Composer?". Soundboard XXXI, no.4 (2006).

Hackl, Stefan. Die Gitarre in Österreich : von Abate Costa bis Zykan. Innsbruck:

StudienVerlag, 2011.

Huber, Karl. Die Wiederbelebung des künstlerischen Gitarrespiels um 1900 :

Untersuchungen zur Sozialgeschichte des Laienmusikwesens und zur Tradition der

klassischen Gitarre. Augsburg : Lisardo, 1995.

Rebay, Ferdinand. “Prof. Ferdinand Rebay – Gitarrekomposition." Österreichisches

Gitarrezeitschrift 1 (1926): 2, 3.

—. “Sonate in C-dur für Oboe und Gitarre“, autograph’s score, 17/01/1942. F40.Rebay.12

Mus. Austrian National Library, Vienna, Austria.

Taruskin, Richard. Music in the Early Twentieth Century. Oxford : Oxford University Press,

2010.



ESTUDO COMPARATIVO DE SAIS DO NEUROTRANSMISSOR

TIRAMINA

Lygia S. de Moraes* e Alan R. Kennedy

WestCHEM, Departamento de Quimica Pura e Aplicada, Universide de Strathclyde. Glasgow, G1 1XL, Reino Unido. *[email protected]

Resumo: O desenvolvimento de sais de ingredientes farmacêuticos ativos é um método de

formulação de medicamentos importante para as indústrias farmacêuticos, uma vez que é

uma via eficaz para aumentar a solubilidade do ingrediente ativo em água o que, por sua

vez, melhora a capacidade de dissolução do medicamento em solução aquosa e a

biodisponibilidade da droga no corpo humano (Pudipeddi et al., 2002; Pfannkuch et al.,

2002). Criar formas salinas de ingredientes farmacêuticos ativos, pode modificar outras

propriedades físico-químicas do produto, como por exemplo, aumentar o ponto de fusão e

alterar higroscopicidade, sabor, estabilidade, biodisponibilidade e toxicidade (Gibson, 2009;

Berge et al., 1977). Em contrapartida, a formação do sal com um contra-íon inativo diminui a

percentagem de conteúdo ativo na droga, tornando-se necessário aumentar a ingestão de

medicamento para se obter o mesmo resultado (Bowker, 2012).

A fim de aumentar a disponibilidade da ingrediente farmacêutico ativo em sua forma salina

foram sintetizados quatro novos sais do neurotransmissor tiramina utilizando como contra-

íon o ácido ftálico ou ácido oxálico; dois sais com estequiometria 1:1 cátion-ânion

(hidrogenoftalato de tiramina e hidrogenooxalato de tiramina) e dois sais com

estequiometria 2:1 cátion-ânion (ftalato de tiramina e oxalato de tiramina). Suas estruturas

cristalinas foram determinadas utilizando Difração de Raios-X de Monocristal e analisadas

de acordo com a conformação do cátion e ligações de hidrogênio que ocorrem entre as

moléculas (Briggs et al., 2012). Ambas as estruturas com estequiometria 1:1 contém um

cátion cristalograficamente independente por unidade assimétrica (Z'=1), enquanto ftalato

de tiramina contém Z'=2 e oxalato de tiramina contém Z'=4. Todos os cátions presentes na

hidrogenoftalato de tiramina, ftalato de tiramina e oxalato de tiramina possuem conformação

estendida, enquanto o cátion presente no sal hidrogenooxalato de tiramina possui

conformação dobrada. A análise de ligações de hidrogênio mostra que as interações mais

fortes, ou seja, que possuem distância entre o átomo doador de prótons e o átomo receptor

de prótons mais curtas, envolvem átomos de hidrogênio compartilhados por fragmentos

aniônicos que se propagam na estrutura cristalina através de uma cadeia de ligação de



hidrogênio nos sais hidrogenoftalato de tiramina e hidrogenooxalato de tiramina. Ligações

de hidrogênio fracas e moderados ocorrem entre fragmentos catiônicos nos sais

hidrogenoftalato de tiramina, hidrogenooxalato de tiramina e ftalato de tiramina. Todas as

estruturas tem em comum ligações de hidrogênio fracas e moderadas entre o cátion RNH3+,

que atua como um grupo doador de prótons, e um átomo de oxigênio do ânion carboxilato,

que atua como um grupo receptor de prótons. A presença de um outro cátion na estrutura

cristalina do sal aumenta o aparecimento de cadeias de propagação e anéis entre as

ligações de hidrogênio (Etter, 1990). Gerando o sal ftalato de tiramina e oxalato de tiramina,

ao invés de hidrogenoftalato de tiramina e hidrogenooxalato de tiramina, aumenta a

disponibilidade do ingrediente farmacêutico ativo em 17,18% e 14,75%, respectivamente.

Palavras–chave: Tiramina, sal, estrutura cristalina, gifração de raios-x de monocristal, conformação,

ligações de hidrogênio, ingredientes farmacêuticos ativos

MODALIDADE DE APRESENTAÇÃO: PÔSTER.

Referências:

Berge, S. M., Bighley, L. D. & Monkhouse, D. C. (1977). Pharmaceutical Salts. Journal of

Pharmaceutical Sciences. Vol. 66, No. 1.

Bowker, M.J. (2002). A procedure for salt selection and optimization. In: Stahl PH, Wermuth

CG, eds. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts. Zurich: Wiley-VCH.

Briggs, N. E. B., Kennedy, A. R. & Morrison, C. A. (2012). Acta Cryst. B68, 453–464

Etter, M. C. (1990). Acc. Chem. Res. 23, 120–126.

Gibson, M. (2009). Pharmaceutical Preformulation and Formulation - A Practical Guide from

Candidate Drug Selection to Commercial Dosage Form. 2nd ed. Informa Healthcare USA,

Inc.

Pudipeddi, M., Serajuddin, A. T. M., Grant, D. J. W. & Stahl, P. H. (2002). Solubility and

dissolution of weak acids, bases and salts. In: Stahl, P. H., Wermuth, C. G., eds. Handbook

of Pharmaceutical Salts. Zurich: Wiley-VCH.



Pfannkuch, F., Rettig, H. & Stahl, P. H. (2002). Biological effects of the drug salt form. In:

Stahl, P. H., Wermuth, C. G., eds. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts. Zurich: Wiley-VCH.



VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION IN BRAZILIAN WOMEN LIVING

IN OPPOSITE LATITUDES (THE D-SOL STUDY)

M.M. Mendes, K. Hart, L. Tripkovic, P.B. Botelho and S.A. Lanham-New

University of Surrey, United Kindgom [email protected]

Abstract: There is worldwide consensus that vitamin D (VitD) deficiency is a public health

issue, with concomitant detrimental health effects including bone health, inflammatory and

heart diseases, type I and II diabetes and multiple sclerosis. Given the important contribution

of sunlight exposure to the production and maintenance of adequate serum VitD levels, its

deficiency would be expected to be restricted to high latitude countries. However, studies

conducted in sunny countries show that VitD deficiency is a common phenomenon,

highlighting the need to investigate other influencing factors. In Brazil specifically, dietary

sources are limited, and the few foods known to contribute are not commonly consumed.

Furthermore, melanin is responsible for skin pigmentation and acts as a filter in the skin

absorbing UVB rays, thus affecting the cutaneous production of pre-VitD in darker skins. The

VitD receptor gene plays an important role in VitD metabolism and polymorphisms in this

gene can potentially affect VitD expression. These documented influences on VitD status

emphasize the need to monitor VitD serum levels and determine supplementation guidelines

for different ethnic groups. This study hypothesises that VitD supplementation will be

required to achieve optimal serum concentration in Brazilian people living in Brazil and in the

United Kingdom and that this response is influenced by baseline VitD status, sunlight

exposure, skin pigmentation, diet and polymorphisms of the VitD receptor gene. Two 12

week controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trials will be undertaken (one in the UK

and the other in Brazil). A questionnaire to screen for relevant inclusion and exclusion

criteria will be used to recruit, in each country, 80 female Brazilian participants, aged 20 to

59 years. The women will be randomised into two groups: Placebo Group and

Supplemented Group, the latter receiving 600IU VitD daily. The first clinical trial will run in

the UK from October 2016 to March 2017 (autumn-winter) and then the second will run in

Brazil from April 2017 to September 2017 (autumn-winter). Following analysis of the effect

of VitD supplementation compared to placebo within and between countries, we propose to

analyse genome-wide transcriptomic expression within leukocytes of selected participants in

order to associate specific signal transduction and metabolic pathways to respective VitD

responses. The ‘systems level’ approach will enable us to identify differences in gene

expression and the contribution of this to the variations in response to supplementation



(‘good’ responders versus ‘poor’ responders). This is the first study that will examine two

population groups of the same ethnic group and sex, living in different countries, with

identical design studies. Our results will determine the relative importance of

supplementation and sunlight exposure to serum VitD levels, comparing people living in the

southern hemisphere, where there is abundant sunlight exposure, with people living in the

northern hemisphere, where there is limited exposure to adequate sunlight. We will also

compare the genetic influences on their response to supplementation. The data will provide

both countries with key information to dietary recommendations for VitD in Brazilian women.

Keywords: Brazilian, Deficiency, Sunlight, Vitamin D, Women.




CLIMATE AND CARBON CYCLE DYNAMICS IN THE EOCENE-

OLIGOCENE BOUNDARY BASED ON PALYNOLOGICAL

ANALYSES FROM MISSISSIPPI, GULF COAST PLAIN

Marcelo Augusto de Lira Mota1, Roger Burgess1,2, Tom Dunkley Jones1

1University of Birmingham, United Kingdom 2University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom [email protected]

Abstract: The Eocene-Oligocene transition (E/OT: ~34 Ma) is the largest climate transition

of the past 65 million years. In less than 0.5 Ma, deep-ocean benthic foraminiferal oxygen

isotope ratios (δ18O) record a large (>1‰) positive step-change, corresponding to a deep-

water cooling and massive increase in the terrestrial cryosphere, as Antarctic ice sheets

grew to a continental extent (Coxall et al., 2005; Lear et al., 2008; Liu et al., 2009). This

coincided with a long-term transition from high to low-pCO2 levels, and from a greenhouse

to icehouse climate state (Zachos et al., 2008; Pagani et al., 2011). Recent coccolith-

dominated high-resolution bulk carbonate isotopic records from the eastern Equatorial

Pacific show a pronounced negative shift in both δ18O and δ13C between ~35.5 and 34.5

Ma, prior to the E/OT (Wilson et al., in prep.). Here we present new data from this pre-cursor

interval, through into the E/OT, from continuously cored continental shelf section on the US

Gulf Coast. Composed of ~137m (15-152m deep) Yazoo Formation clays, these yield high

quality microfossil, and palynomorph preservation. More than one hundred palynological

slides provided a ~28kyr resolution biostratigraphy, including a number of potentially useful

palynomorph bioevents and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. The Eocene-Oligocene

boundary was placed at 87ft within the core. The species richness between ~35.5 and 34.5

Ma initially has a sharp increase but then suddenly decreases. This behavior can be

interpreted as a response to the environmental change. If the species are analysed

separately, those from restricted to inner neritic environments (e.g. Homotryblium floripes,

Homotryblium oceanicum) tend to disappear across the cited range, while those from outer

neritic to oceanic environments (e.g. Pentadinium laticinctum) tend to peak in abundance,

which may indicate a relative transgression during the pre-cursor shift. This is in accordance

with the negative long-term oxygen isotope shift. The system tract model proposed here is

characterized by a transgressive system tract at 491-399ft and a high stand system tract at

399-51ft. A maximum (399ft) and a minor (251ft) flooding surface were detected inside the

core, which is supported by previously published sequence stratigraphy models. The next

step of this project aims to generate a new high resolution fine-fraction (<20µm) bulk

carbonate stable isotope records through the latest Eocene and the Eocene/Oligocene



transition. This would provide a further stratigraphic and palaeoclimatic framework for the

interpretation of the palynological data. This work was supported by CNPq, National Council

for Scientific and Technological Development (Brazil).

Keywords: Eocene-Oligocene transition, Gulf Coast Plain, palaeoclimate change, palynomorphs


References:

Coxall, H. et al. 2005, Nature, 433: 53-57.

Lear, C. H., et al., 2008, Geology, 36: 251-254.

Liu, Z., et al. 2009, Science, 323: 1187-1190.

Pagani, M. et al. 2011, Science, 334: 1261-1264.

Zachos, J., et al., 2008, Nature, 451: 279-283.



HABITAT USE, ENVIRONMENTAL DRIVERS AND CONNECTIVITY

OF FISHES AMONG NEARSHORE HABITATS

Marcelo Paes Gomes, Leonie Robinson and Matthew Spencer

School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool [email protected]

Abstract: Nearshore habitats are important for reproduction, feeding and growth of many

fish species and are usually subject to seasonal influxes of adults from other habitats.

Understanding which drivers make these habitats suitable for fish species and, in particular,

why this might vary seasonally is relevant to resource management. On the southeastern

Brazilian coast, detached macrophytes are carried by surface currents and swell and

deposited along beaches in winter (Dry period), but are absent in summer, nutrient-enriched

Rain period. They are likely to improve refuge and food for fishes and invertebrates. Can an

environmental driver determine what happens to the species found in these habitats? In a

complex environment, composed by a mosaic of different habitats, to what extent will

different fish species respond to the driver in similar ways? This project aims to determine

how the presence of detached macrophytes affects fish populations strongly enough to be

considered an environmental driver for this region. Different, adjacent coastal areas in the

southern coast of Espírito Santo State were surveyed from 2003 to 2012, comprising a

range of habitats including Shelf (Oct/2003 to Sep/2004), Rockpools (Aug/2005 to

Jun/2007), Estuaries (Jan/2006 to Dec/2006, and May/2011 to Apr/2012), Reefs (Jan/2009

to Dec/2009), Sand beaches (Apr/2010 to Nov/2010) and Inner shelf (May/2011 to

Apr/2012). In all sites fishes were identified, counted and size measured, being some

specific studies attempted to gender, reproductive status, feeding and stable isotopes

analysis. First, we attempted to evaluate how detached macrophytes influence fish size in

inner shelf habitats. Stable isotopes results leads to biomass sharing from Rhodophyta to

Sciaenid fishes through epifaunal crustacean diet. Juvenile fish abundance, size and

condition were enhanced in Dry period. Effects on fish sizes were modeled to be applied to

nearby habitats and further to North Sea fish populations, using available information from

International Council for Exploration of the Seas (ICES) database. These data will be used to

develop an Ecological Connectivity index for adjacent, coastal habitats as a management

tool, making possible to consider environmental losses into marine impact accountabilities.

Keywords: Environmental drivers, fish responses, habitats similarities, enhanced size, stable isotopes, fish

feeding




References

Andrades, R., Gomes, M. P., Pereira-filho, G. H., Souza-filho, J. F., Albuquerque, C. Q., &

Martins, A. S. 2014. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. The influence of allochthonous

macroalgae on the fish communities of tropical sandy beaches, 144, 75–81.

Bergamino, L., Lercari, D., Defeo, O. 2012. Terrestrial trophic subsidy in sandy beaches:

evidence from stable isotope analysis in organic matter sources and isopod Excirolana

armata. Aquat. Biol. 14: 129-134.

Ben-David, M. e Schell, D. M. 2001. Mixing models in analyses of diet using multiple stable

isotopes : a response, Oecologia 127:180–184.

Cherel, Y., Hobson, K. A., & Guinet, C. 2007. Stable isotopes document seasonal changes

in trophic niches and winter foraging individual specialization in diving predators from the

Southern Ocean, 826–836. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01238.x

Crawley, K. R. & Hyndes, G. A. 2007. The role of different types of detached macrophytes in

the food and habitat choice of a surf-zone inhabiting amphipod. Marine Biology. 151:1433–

1443.

Crowder, L.B. & W.E. Cooper. 1982. Habitat structural complexity and the interaction

between bluegills and their prey. Ecology 63: 1802–1813.

Defeo, O., MacLachlan, A. 2013. Global patterns in sandy beach macrofauna: Species

richness, abundance, biomass and body size. Geomorphology 199: 106–114.

Fry, B. (2006) Stable Isotope Ecology. Springer-Verlag, New York.

Gomes, M. P., Cunha, M. S. & Zalmon, I. R. 2003. Spatial and Temporal Variations of

Diurnal Ichthyofauna on Surf-Zone of São Francisco do Itabapoana Beaches, Rio de Janeiro

State, Brazil. Brazil. Arch. Biol. Technol. 46 (4): 653-664.

Ince, R.; Hyndes, G. A.; Lavery, P. S. & Vanderklift M. A. 2007. Marine macrophytes directly

enhance abundances of sandy beach fauna through provision of food and habitat. Estuar.

Coast. Shelf. Sci., 74: 77–86.

Krauss, K.W., Lovelock, C.E., McKee, K.L., López-Hoffman, L., Ewe, S.M.L., Sousa, W.P.

2008. Environmental drivers in mangrove establishment and early development: A review.

Aquat. Bot., 89 (2008), pp. 105–127

Leakey, C. D. B., Attrill, M. J., Jennings, S., & Fitzsimons, M. F. 2008. Stable isotopes in

juvenile marine fishes and their invertebrate prey from the Thames Estuary, UK, and

adjacent coastal regions, 77. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2007.10.007

Lenanton, R. C. J.; Robertson, A. I. & Hansen, J. A. 1982. Nearshore Accumulations of

Detached Macrophytes as Nursery Areas for Fish. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 9: 51-57.



Lercari, D., Bergamino, L., & Defeo, O. 2010. Trophic models in sandy beaches with

contrasting morphodynamics: Comparing ecosystem structure and biomass flow. Ecological

Modelling, 221(23), 2751–2759. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.08.027

Link, J. S. 2005. Translating ecosystem indicators into decision criteria. ICES Journal of

Marine Science, 62: 569-576.

Link, J. S., Yemane, D., Shannon, L. J., Coll, M., Shin, Y-J., Hill, L., and Borges, M. F. 2010.

Relating marine ecosystem indicators to fishing and environmental drivers: an elucidation of

contrasting responses. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 787–795.

Lucena, F. M.; Vaske Jr, T,; Ellis, J. R. & Brien, C. M. 2000. Seasonal variation in the diets of

bluefishes, Pomatomus saltatrix (Pomatomidae) and striped weakfish, Cynoscion guatucupa

(Sciaenidae) in the southern Brazil: implication of food partitioning. Environmental Biology of

Fishes. v.57, p. 423-434.

Oppedal, F, Dempster, T and Stien, L. 2011. Environmental drivers of Atlantic salmon

behaviour in sea-cages: a review. Aquaculture, 311: 1–18.

Tam, J., Taylor, M. H., Blaskovic, V., Espinoza, P., Michael Ballón, R., Díaz, E., Wosnitza-

Mendo, C., et al. 2008. Trophic modeling of the Northern Humboldt Current Ecosystem, Part

I: Comparing trophic linkages under La Niña and El Niño conditions. Progress in

Oceanography, 79(2-4), 352–365. doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2008.10.007

Werner, E. E., Gilliam, J. F., Hall, D. J., Mittelbach, G. G. 1983a. An experimental test of the

effects of predation risk on habitat use in fish. Ecology 64:1540-48.

Werner, E. E., Mittelbach, G. G., Hall, D. J., Gilliam, J. F. 1983b. Experimental tests of

optimal habitat use in fish: The role of relative habitat profitability. Ecology 64:1549-55.



SUSTAINABLE EPOXY RESINS FOR MARITIME APPLICATION:

PROJECT OVERVIEW AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS

Marcos A. G. Benega¹, Robert Raja², James I. R. Blake¹

University of Southampton ¹Faculty of Engineering and the Environment – Fluid Structure Interaction ²Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences - Functional Inorganic, Materials and Supramolecular Chemistry [email protected]

Abstract: Human activity has extensively been based on non-renewable resources, as

petroleum. These derivatives are used not only as fuels but also in the production of a

variety of chemicals. In this sense, there is a great need of studying and developing

sustainable compounds able to replace the petroleum derivatives.

Vegetable oils contain triglycerides that can be used in this challenge. They naturally contain

instaurations that can be transformed into desired products, as epoxides. These epoxide

groups can be used in the production of epoxy resins, however, their properties must be

studied and their use mastered.

The production of epoxy resins from vegetable oils is well known but it employs harmful

chemicals as carboxylic acids and concentrated hydrogen peroxide. To avoid this harsh

conditions, the use of solid catalysts is being studied. This solid catalyst is formed from

silicon (Si) and aluminium (Al) tetra coordinated with oxygen (O), these molecules are

arranged in such a way as to form a crystalline structure, but containing pores and cavities.

For the selective epoxidation of vegetable oils with hydrogen peroxide, one of the most

commonly used zeolites is the titano-silicate (TS-1).

The present project aims to produce epoxy resins from vegetable oils of different sources,

they are soybean, camelina and linseed. The differences in their fatty acid methyl ester

composition can affect reaction yields, curing and cured resin properties.

In this work, some results of Near Infrared (NIR) Spectrometry are presented. This technique

is now being studied as a tool for tracking the reactions used in the production of the epoxy

resins from the vegetable oils. The preliminary results are satisfactory and the technique can

be employed.

Further work will be done using NIR spectrometry and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR),

Gas Chromatography may also be studied. The best reaction parameters will be

investigated. Resin curing will initially be made with phenalkamines and phenalkamides,

which are derived from cashew nut shell liquid. These curing agents bring a series of desired



properties to the epoxy systems, as water resistance, very well desired in maritime

applications.

Mechanical, chemical and thermic testing will be also performed in the cured resins for

understating their behavior when applied where conventional epoxy usually is, especially for

maritime application.

The main motivations for using NIR spectrometry are: its availability, readiness in sample

preparations for many cases and velocity of analysis. NIR also has some limitations which

make the quantitative analyses laborious. The peaks in NIR spectra are overlapped and

finding those that can be used is necessary, thus the results were compared to NMR for a

preliminary validation. The reaction yields were not high, which was expected as the

triglycerides are large molecules and do not diffuse well through the TS-1 pores. However,

both techniques showed similar results, meaning that NIR can be used for tracking the initial

reactions which are being applied in this step of the work.

Keywords: Bio-resins, epoxidation, epoxy resins, near infrared spectrometry, transesterification, zeolites.


References:

Abdullah, B.M. & Salimon, J., 2010. Epoxidation of vegetable oils and fatty acids. Journal of

Applied Sciences, 10(15).

Adewale, P. et al., 2014. Determination of the iodine value and the free fatty acid content of

waste animal fat blends using FT-NIR. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 72, pp.72–78.

Azizian, H. & Kramer, J.K.G., 2005. A rapid method for the quantification of fatty acids in fats

and oils with emphasis on trans fatty acids using fourier transform near infrared

spectroscopy (FT-NIR). Lipids, 40(8), pp.855–67.

Biermann, U. et al., 2000. New Syntheses with Oils and Fats as Renewable Raw Materials

for the Chemical Industry. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 39(13),

pp.2206–2224.

Clerici, M., 1993. Epoxidation of Lower Olefins with Hydrogen Peroxide and Titanium

Silicalite. Journal of Catalysis, 140(1), pp.71–83.

Danov, S.M. et al., 2013. Mechanism of olefin epoxidation in the presence of a titanium-

containing zeolite. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 87(11), pp.1809–1812.



Ding, C. & Matharu, A.S., 2014. Recent Developments on Biobased Curing Agents: A

Review of Their Preparation and Use. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2(10),

pp.2217–2236.

Dzielendziak, A.S. et al., 2015. Spectroscopic chemical insights leading to the design of

versatile sustainable composites for enhanced marine application. RSC Adv., 5(122),

pp.101221–101231.

Huali, X. et al., 2008. A review on heterogeneous solid catalysts and related catalytic

mechanisms for epoxidation of olefins with H2O2. Chemical & Biochemical Engineering

Quarterly, 22(1), pp.25–39.

Malmstein, M., Chambers, A.R. & Blake, J.I.R., 2013. Hygrothermal ageing of plant oil based

marine composites. Composite Structures, 101, pp.138–143.

Parreira, T.F. et al., 2002. Quantitative Determination of Epoxidized Soybean Oil Using

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Calibration. Applied Spectroscopy, 56(12),

pp.1607–1614.

Petrie, E.M., 2005. Epoxy Adhesive Formulations 1st ed., Mexico: McGraw-Hill Professional.

Serrano, D. et al., 2009. Turning TS-1 zeolite into a highly active catalyst for olefin

epoxidation with organic hydroperoxides. Chemical communications (Cambridge, England),

(11), pp.1407–9.

Téllez, G.L., Vigueras-Santiago, E. & Hernández-López, S., 2009. Characterization of

linseed oil epoxidized at different percentages. Superficies y vacío, 22(1), pp.5–10.

Wilde, N. et al., 2015. Highly efficient nano-sized TS-1 with micro-/mesoporosity from

desilication and recrystallization for the epoxidation of biodiesel with H 2 O 2. Green Chem.,

17(6), pp.3378–3389.



DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES IN HIGH GRADE OVARIAN

SEROUS CARCINOMA OF RESPONSIVE AND NON-RESPONSIVE

PATIENTS TO CHEMOTHERAPY

Mariana Rezende Alves, Nayra Soares do Amaral, André Mourão Lavorato-Rocha,

Alexandre André Balieiro Anastácio da Costa, Glauco Baiochi Neto, Fernando Augusto

Soares, Louise De Brot Andrade, Rafael Malagoli Rocha.

Mariana Rezende Alves PhD Student- Oncology International Center of Research and Teaching (CIPE). Department of Anatomy Pathology (AC Camargo Cancer Center). São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Sandwich PhD: Poundbury Cancer Institute – CADQAS. Dorchester. Dorset email: [email protected]

Abstract:

Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cancer in Europe for females and the seventh most

common cancer worldwide. It is the 13th most common cancer overall, with around 65,600

new cases diagnosed in 2012. It is estimated 6,150 new cases of ovarian cancer in Brazil in

2016, with an estimated risk of 5.95 cases per 100 000 women; the fifth incident in the

Midwest, with an estimated risk of 6.96 / 100,000. Most deaths are of patients presenting

with advanced stage, high grade serous ovarian cancer with nearly 70% of cases. The

standard of care is surgery followed by platinum/taxane chemotherapy. Currently available

clinical and molecular prognostic factors provide an imperfect assessment of prognosis for

patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. During treatment, a large number of women with

ovarian cancer eventually relapse and die of the disease. Platinum resistant cancer recurs in

approximately 25% of patients within 6 months and overall 5-year survival is 31%.

To better understand the biological and clinical features seen in ovarian serous carcinoma,

we analyzed gene expression profiles of 11 primary ovarian cancers stratified in a

homogeneous group based on their surgery, FIGO stage, histology and chemotherapeutic

response during 2 years of follow up.

We used microarray technology by simultaneously hybridizing ovarian RNA samples and

reference mRNA. The genes selected for further analysis were categorized into up or down

regulated in accordance with a defined threshold of fold change of ≥4.0 and ≤ –4.0,

respectively. In silico Functional Analysis was performed using the Ingenuity Pathway

Analysis (IPA) to evaluate the 561 genes obtained based on a hierarchical clusterization of

the expression data according to chemotherapy response (chemosensitive and



chemoresistant tumors). These genes were statically significant (P < 0.001) thought the

Linear Models for Microarray. The IPA analysis showed genes with potential relationship

with cancer and other molecular disorder as cell-to-cell signaling and interaction, molecular

transport, and cell death and survival (p > 0.001) and also identified the top 10 modulators

genes as TP63, ERP27, XAGE2, HOXA9, CAPN13*, MMP10, METTL25, AGR2, SYNPO2

and PSCA.

These data show that gene expression profiling can discriminate primary chemoresistant

from primary chemosensitive ovarian cancers and that these genes might represent potential

targets for future investigation and potential therapeutic interventions.

Keywords: high grade ovarian serous carcinoma, chemotherapy response, chemoresistant, microarray,

gene expression.




INTERACTION BETWEEN COGNITIVE ABILITY, ENERGETICS

AND PERSONALITY IN HERMIT CRAB

Mariana Velasque & Mark Briffa

Plymouth University [email protected]

Resumo: Cognition is the process by which animals acquire, process, store and

manipulate information about their environment (Shettleworth, 2009). It comprises of

perception, memory, learning and decision making and, by consequence, is considered to

be an energetically demanding component of life history variation (Dukas, 1998; Giurfa &

Menzel, 2013). Thus, cognitive ability is expected to show consistent among individual

variation and might co-vary with other aspects of behaviour such as boldness (Smith et al.,

2008). We investigate whether cognitive ability is correlated with metabolic rate (MR) and

among individual differences in mean boldness in the hermit crab Pagurus bernhardus. To

estimate cognition, we evaluate the assessment of a new gastropod shell with a higher or

lower quality as the previously owned by the hermit crab (Hills, 2006). We expected that

individuals with higher cognitive ability will be more likely to accept a higher quality shell or

reject a poor one in less time than individuals with a lower cognitive ability. Surprisingly, we

found no correlation between cognitive ability, MR and boldness in P. bernhardus. However,

we found a positive correlation between mass and cognition. Our results indicate that

cognition may have different neural processes that maintain a low energy consumption

during tasks and also that such process might be age-related.

Key words: cognition, energetics, life-history strategies, marine invertebrate, personality

MODE OF PRESENTATION: 3 MINUTE + 1 SLIDE

References:

Dukas, R. (1998). Cognitive ecology: the evolutionary ecology of information processing and

decision making (Vol. 1). University of Chicago Press.

Giurfa, M., & Menzel, R. (2013). Cognitive Components of Insect Behavior. Invertebrate

Learning and Memory.

Hills, T. T. (2006). Animal Foraging and the Evolution of Goal‐Directed Cognition. Cognitive

Science, 30(1), 3-41.

Shettleworth, S. J. (2009). Cognition, evolution, and behavior. Oxford University Press.



Smith, B. R., & Blumstein, D. T. (2008). Fitness consequences of personality: a meta-

analysis. Behavioral Ecology, 19(2), 448-455.



OBESITY: IS THIS GLOBAL EPIDEMIC ALSO LEADING TO

CANCER?

Marília Cristina de Oliveira Gonzaga

Queen Mary University of London/ Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [email protected]

Abstract: Obesity is defined as an excess of fat accumulation in the body and it has the

potential to cause different health issues. Lamentably, this major concern is now considered

an epidemic because of the increased prevalence worldwide, influencing different diseases,

such as ischaemic heart disease, muscle-skeletal conditions, stroke and type II diabetes (1).

In the past few years, scholars started to study a possible association between obesity and

cancer. Cancer cells suffer directly the influence of the environment, affecting its proliferation

towards the body. That happens because cancer cells, as any other cell, require nutrients,

hormones and growth factors, provided by their surroundings. The link between an

individual’s nutrition and the initiation and progression of a malignant lesion may be one of

the underlying mechanisms of this complex interaction (2). According to different studies,

obesity was associated with a higher risk of death from pancreatic, colorectal, gallbladder,

liver and kidney cancer, Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and multiple myeloma in both sexes;

breast, ovarian, endometrial and cervical cancer in women; and leukaemia, esophageal,

stomach, and prostate cancer in men (3,4,5). Interestingly, most of the studies showed an

inverse association with lung cancer mortality, suggesting that obesity could be a protective

factor for lung cancer (3,6,7). Of course, obesity is not an isolated factor that implicates in

most of the cancers; not all obese individuals develop cancer and not all patients with cancer

are obese. Obesity is possibly a mirror of underlying dysfunctions that interact with a genetic

background and may lead to an increased susceptibility to cancer (8). Intentional weight loss

that happens with healthy habits, such as having a balanced diet and doing regular

exercises, may protect against cancer development (2,9). Since obesity appears as a global

epidemic and cancer is the second most prevalent cause of death in the world, there is an

urgent claim establish this possible association and act on both sides to prevent a major

issue. Unfortunately, we still do not have specific guidelines orientating the management and

screening of cancer in obese patients, despite their increased risk of having the disease (8).

At the same time that is known that not all cancers are susceptible to the effects of obesity,

more studies are necessary to evaluate the patients at risk for those specific types of cancer

that are influenced by obesity, in order to increase the chances of an early diagnosis and

consequently cure.



Keywords: cancer risk, health promotion, obesity.


References:

1. World Health Organization (WHO). (2015) Obesity and Overweight.

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/ (Accessed 9th February 2016).

2. Gallagher EJ, LeRoith D. (2015) Obesity and Diabetes: the increased risk of cancer and

cancer-related mortality. Physiol Rev 95: 727–748.

3. Calle EE, Rodriguez C, Walker-Thurmond K, Thun MJ. (2003) Overweight, obesity, and

mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of US adults. N Engl J Med 348:

1625–1638.

4. Harvie M, Hooper L, Howell AH. (2003) Central obesity and breast cancer risk: a

systematic review. Obesity Rev 4: 157–173.

5. Golabek T, Bukowczan J, Chlosta P, Powroznik J, Dobruch J, Borowka A. (2014) Obesity

and prostate cancer incidence and mortality: a systematic review of prospective cohort

studies. Urol Int 92: 7–14.

6. Renehan AG, Tyson M, Egger M, et al. (2008) Body-mass index and incidence of cancer:

a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Lancet 371:

569–578.

7. Leung CC, Lam TH, Yew WW, Chan WM, et al. (2011) Lower lung cancer mortality in

obesity. Int J Epidemiol 40(1):174-182.

8. Mazzarella L. (2015) Why does obesity promote cancer? Epidemiology, biology, and open

questions. Ecancer 9:554. DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2015.554

9. Birks S, Peeters A, Backholer K, et al. (2012) A systematic review of the impact of weight

loss on cancer incidence and mortality. Obesity Rev 13(10): 868–891.



EURAL CORRELATES OF NUMBER PROCESSING IN INFANTS AND

CHILDREN BORN VERY PRETERM

Mérari Ferreira, Dr Michelle de Haan, Prof. Neil Marlow

University College London, Institute of Child Health, Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychiatry Unit

[email protected]

Abstract: Individuals born very prematurely (<32 weeks gestational age) present a high

prevalence of learning difficulties, with low mathematical attainment being more frequent

than other learning difficulties, impacting markedly on their lives. A potential predictor to

mathematical attainment is the ability to discriminate large numbers (>3) mediated by the

Approximate Number System (ANS), a primitive cognitive system demonstrated even by

infants. While few studies have claimed that the ANS is a potential tool to predict

mathematical achievement, other studies did not found positive correlations, with other

number-related tasks claimed to be better predictors (e.g. symbolic magnitude comparison).

Additionally, the interplay of those basic numerical skills and executive functions, a strong

predictor to mathematical achievement, remains unclear. A potential technique that might

elucidate the neural basis of basic numerical abilities is event-related potentials (ERPs). It

has not been reported studies investigating the neural correlates of number processing in

infants and children born prematurely and its interplay with executive functions. Studying the

early stages of typical development and atypical development in conditions that can disrupt

mathematical achievement and number processing helps to elucidate the mechanisms by

which numerical representations are structured and change over development. Using event

related potentials (ERPs) and tasks number-related tasks, this study aims to investigate the

neural basis of numerical processing in infants and school aged children born very preterm

and it relations with executive functions. Because the neural basis of mathematic difficulties

in children born preterm has not been described in detail since infancy, this study might

enhance knowledge of the mechanisms of mathematics outcomes in children born preterm.

Keywords: event-related potentials, executive functions, numerical cognition, prematurity.


References:



- Hyde, D. C., & Spelke, E. S. (2011). Neural signatures of number processing in human

infants: evidence for two core systems underlying numerical cognition. Developmental

Science, 14(2), 360-371. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.00987.x

- Xu, F., & Arriaga, R. I. (2007). Number discrimination in 10-month-old infants. British

Journal of Developmental Psychology, 25(1), 103-108. doi: 10.1348/026151005X90704

- Heine A, Tamm S, Wissmann J, Jacobs A. M. (2011). Electrophysiological correlates of

non-symbolic numerical magnitude processing in children: joining the dots.

Neuropsychologia, 49(12): 3238-46. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.07.028.

- Klein E, Moeller K, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, et al. Processing of Intentional and Automatic

Number Magnitudes in Children Born Prematurely: Evidence From fMRI. Developmental

Neuropsychology. 2014;39(5):342-364. doi:10.1080/87565641.2014.939179.



MINIMUM SHIELDING GAS FLOW RATE ANALYSIS IN GMAW

PROCESS

Misael Pimentel1, Alexander M. Galloway1, Athanasios I. Toumpis1

1Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK [email protected]

Abstract: The present study focuses on minimising the amount of shielding gas required

during the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process by studying combinations of variables

such as torch velocity, nozzle diameter, wire feed speed and types of gases, also making

use of a novel process known as alternating shielding gases (ASG). The shielding gas flow

rate (SGFR) is typically set based on the operator’s experience due to recurrent lack of

information regarding its optimum value. Consequently, there is a tendency for gas wastage.

Previous studies state that the SGFR can be reduced to 6 L/min and 10 L/min in draft-free

and worst draft environments, respectively. For the presented rates however, no usage of

ASG in its minimum rate is demonstrated and there is considerable scope to evaluate this

extreme. Primarily, the minimum for a constant gas flow rate is identified followed by the use

of the ASG process. Both computational analysis and experimental trials are employed,

compared and examined using experimental and numerical methods such as transverse

tensile testing, bend testing, microstructural characterisation, hardness measurements and

computational fluid dynamics. In addition, methods such as Genetic Algorithm (GA) and

Schlieren visualisation assist in understanding the ASG behaviour.

Keywords: Alternating Shielding Gas, Gas Metal Arc Welding, Genetic Algorithm, Minimum Shielding

Gas Flow Rate, Schlieren.


References

[1] Campbell, S. W., Galloway A. M. and McPherson N. A., 'Techno-economic

evaluation of reducing shielding gas consumption in GMAW whilst maintaining weld quality',

International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 63, No. 6-9, pp. 975-985,

2012.

[2] Campbell, S. W., Galloway, A. M. and McPherson, N. A., ‘Techno-economic

evaluation on the effects of alternating shielding gases for advanced joining processes’,



Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering

Manufacture, Vol. 225, No. 10, pp. 1863-1872, 2011.

[3] Chang, Y. H., ‘Improve GMAW and GTAW with alternating shielding gases’, Welding

Journal, Vol. 85, No. 2, pp. 41-43, 2006.

[4] Jönsson, P. G., Eagar, T. W. and Szekely, J., ‘Heat and metal transfer in gas metal

arc welding using argon and helium’, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, Vol. 26,

No. 2, pp. 383-395, 1995.

[5] Kim, D., Rhee, S. and Park, H., 'Modelling and optimization of a GMA welding

process by genetic algorithm and response surface methodology', International Journal of

Production Research, Vol. 40, No. 7, pp. 1699-1711, 2002.

[6] Ramsey, G. M., Galloway, A. M., Campbell, S. W., McPherson, N. A. and Scanlon, T.

J., 'A computational fluid dynamic analysis of the effect of side draughts and nozzle diameter

on shielding gas coverage during gas metal arc welding', Journal of Materials Processing.

[7] Reeves, C.R., 'Using genetic algorithms with small populations', Proceedings of the

Fifth International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, 1993, California, USA.



DEVELOPMENT, RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE SELF-

REGULATION OF EATING BEHAVIOUR QUESTIONNAIRE (SREBQ)

FOR ADULTS

Nathalie Kliemann, Rebecca Beeken and Fiona Johnson

Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public, University College London [email protected]

Abstract: This abstract reports the development of the Self-regulation of Eating Behaviour

Questionnaire (SREBQ) for adults, and presents evidence for its reliability and construct

validity. Self-regulation refers broadly to the multiple processes involved in goal-directed

behaviour and encompasses management of behaviour, thoughts, feelings, attention and

environment in the pursuit of personal goals. The capacity to self-regulate eating behaviours

may help individuals to cope with the obesogenic environment and achieve, as well as

maintain, a healthy weight and diet. However, there is no comprehensive, reliable and valid

questionnaire to assess this capacity in the adult population. The aim of this study was to

address this gap by developing and validating a measure of eating self-regulatory capacity

for adults. The development of the SREBQ involved generation of an item pool, followed by

two pilot studies (Samples 1 and 2) and a study exploring the questionnaire’s underlying

factor structure (Sample 3). The final version of the SREBQ was then assessed for reliability

and construct validity (Sample 4). The process of developing the SREBQ resulted in a 5-item

psychometric scale. The face validity was satisfactory, as assessed by the pilot studies. The

factor structure analysis (Sample 3) suggested that it has one underlying factor, which was

confirmed performing the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in a different sample (Sample

4). Evidence for the construct validity of the SREBQ was also found. The SREBQ showed a

positive correlation with general measures of self-regulation (p<0.001). It was also positively

correlated with motivation and behavioural automaticity for avoiding unhealthy foods, and

negatively correlated with food responsiveness and emotional over-eating (p<0.001). It also

showed good discriminant validity, as it was not strongly related to satiety responsiveness,

food fussiness and slowness in eating. The SREBQ also showed good internal and external

reliability (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.75; ICC of 0.77), demonstrating that the questionnaire is

measuring eating self-regulatory skills consistently and reproducibly. In conclusion, the five-

item Self-Regulation of Eating Behaviour Questionnaire is a novel measure of eating self-

regulatory capacity that is consistent, reliable and valid for use in the general UK adult

population. The validation process provided evidence that the SREBQ assesses people’s



capacity to control and manage their eating behaviour in order to achieve and/or maintain

their eating intentions. This new measure is likely to be useful for the assessment of the

effectiveness of dietary and weight control interventions and particularly for assessing the

effectiveness of interventions which aim to improve dietary self-regulation. Future studies are

needed to test the validity of the SREBQ in different populations (e.g. ethnic minorities and

other countries such as Brazil) and against behavioural measures.

Keywords: eating behaviour, psychometric scales, reliability, self-control, self-regulation; validity

MODE OF PRESENTATION: 3-MINUTE + 1 SLIDE

References:

Boekaerts M, Maes S, Karoly P: Self-Regulation Across Domains of Applied Psychology: Is

there an Emerging Consensus? Applied Psychology: an international review. 2005, 54:149-

154.

Carver CS, Scheier MF: On the Self-Regulation of Behavior. New York: Cambridge

University Press, 2001.

Kroese FM, Evers C, De Ridder DTD: How chocolate keeps you slim. The effect of food

temptations on weight watching goal importance, intentions, and eating behavior. Appetite.

2009, 53:430-433.

Hagger MS: The Multiple Pathways by Which Trait Self-Control Predicts Health Behavior.

Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2014, 48:282-283.

Johnson F, Pratt M, Wardle J: Dietary restraint and self-regulation in eating behavior. Int J

Obes (Lond). 2012, 36:665-674.

.



FROM LONDON 2012 TO RIO 2016: SPORT AND PHYSICAL

ACTIVITY PROMOTION AND THE OLYMPIC GAMES

Paul Bretherton and Billy Graeff

Loughborough University [email protected]

Abstract: Following the formal addition of “legacy” to the Olympic Charter in 2002

(International Olympic Committee, 2013), there is now a growing expectation that hosts of

the Olympic Games demonstrate how the event will leave a positive social legacy in the host

country. This expectation is increasingly being approached in part through policies to

increase sport and physical activity (PA) participation in the host nation. This presentation

critically reviews the sport and PA policies and initiatives delivered in association with both

London 2012 - of which the UK Government's "first priority" was "to make the UK a world-

leading sporting nation" (DCMS, 2008) by encouraging two million more people to take part

in sport and physical activity (PA) - and the forthcoming Games of Rio 2016, where the focus

was placed more upon the transformation of Brazil into a "country with high sports and social

performances" (Viga and Bulcão Pinheiro, 2010). As the first two summer Olympic hosts

selected since the addition of 'legacy' to the Olympic Charter in 2002, these cases of London

2012 and Rio 2016 provide an valuable point of comparison between two Games'

approaches to bringing about a legacy for sport and PA.

This presentation examines a range of social factors render mass participation-based legacy

objectives particularly problematic. These include the roles and responsibilities of the

"diversity of organisations" (Lansley, cited in DH, 2011) and actors that are required to co-

operate around PA participation, the practical difficulties that must be overcome in order to

increase PA - e.g. the 'demonstration effect' (Weed et al., 2015), and the challenge of

proving the effect of the Games on PA conclusively (Wellings, Datta, Wilkinson and

Petticrew, 2011). In a broader global context where sport mega events are increasingly

being held in 'non-traditional' areas such as the 'Global South' (e.g. Giulianotti & Klauser,

2010), the interaction between these specific factors and the respective social and cultural

contexts of the UK and Brazil offers a useful vantage point from which to consider an

increasingly prominent aspect of contemporary rationales for hosting the Olympic Games.

Keywords: London 2012, Olympic Games, Olympic Legacy, Physical Activity, Rio 2016, Sport

Participation




References:

Department for Culture, Media and Sport (2008). Before, during and after: Making the most

of the London 2012 Games. London: DCMS

Department for Health (2011). The public health responsibility deal. London: DH

Giulianotti, R. & Klauser, F. (2010). Sport governance and sport mega-events: Toward an

interdisciplinary research agenda. Journal of Sport & Social Issues, 34(1), 49-61.

International Olympic Committee (2013a). Olympic Charter. Retrieved from

http://www.olympic.org/Documents/olympic_charter_en.pdf

Wellings, K., Datta, J., Wilkinson, P. & Petticrew, M. (2011). The 2012 Olympics: Assessing

the public health effect. The Lancet, 378(9797), 1193-1195.

Weed, M. E., Coren, E., Fiore, J., Wellard, I., Chatziefstathiou, D. and Suzanne, D. (2015)

The Olympic Games and raising sports participation: a systematic review of

evidence and an interrogation of policy for a demonstration effect.

European Sport Management Quarterly, 15 (2).

Viga, R. and Bulcão Pinheiro, L. (2010). Dilma visita COB e ganha agasalho de equipe

brasileira. Terra. [online] Available at:

http://esportes.terra.com.br/jogosolimpicos/2016/dilma-visita-cob-e- ganha-agasalho-

de-equipe brasileira,3b8872b4b13ba310VgnCLD200000bbcceb0aRCRD.html

[Accessed 19 Oct. 2015].



POSTER PRESENTATION:

NAME OF THE AUTHOR(S)/INSTITUTION:

Polliane Morais de Carvalho a

Maria Beatriz Duarte Gavião b

Guy Howard Carpenter c

a Department of Mucosal and Salivary Biology - King’s College London, Tower Wing Guy's, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom b Department of Pediatric Dentistry - Piracicaba Dental School - University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av Limeira 901, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil c Department of Mucosal and Salivary Biology - King’s College London, Tower Wing Guy's, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom

Abstract

Objective: to investigate the effects of a high fat diet (HFD) on salivary glands in vivo, in a

mouse model. In particular, whether it will induce the appearance of fat cells in salivary

glands, alterations related to autophagy, mTOR pathway and sympathetic innervation.

Design: 27 adult female ICR mice were separated in six groups. Three groups fed with

(HFD) containing 55% fat, for one, two and three month and another three groups fed with

normal diet (1.75% of fat), for the same time periods. The submandibular glands and liver

were dissected and part homogenized for protein analyses and part fixed in formalin for

histological analyses Results: After three months the HFD fed mice total body weight fold

change increased compared to controls. The Oil Red O staining showed no fat cells deposit

in salivary gland however a large increase was observed in liver after three months of HFD.

Adiponectin levels were significantly decreased in the HFD group after three months. The

group fed with HFD for three month showed increased conversion of the LC3 autophagy

marker in salivary gland. mTOR showed no activation regarding the time point studied.

Tyrosine hydroxylase significantly decreased after two and three month of HFD.

Conclusion: HFD caused several changes after three months however the earliest change

was noticed after two months regarding sympathetic innervation. This suggests neural

alteration may drive other diet induced changes in salivary glands. These early changes may

be the starting point for longer term alterations of salivary glands with alterations in diet.

Key words: submandibular gland, high fat diet, autophagy, mTOR, sympathetic innervation

References:

Proctor GB, Carpenter GH. Salivary secretion: mechanism and neural regulation. Monogr

Oral Sci. 2014;24:14-29.

Proctor GB. The physiology of salivary secretion. Periodontol 2000. 2016 Feb;70(1):11-25.

Li Y, South T, Han M, Chen J, Wang R, Huang XF. High-fat diet decreases tyrosine

hydroxylase mRNA expression irrespective of obesity susceptibility in mice Brain Res. 2009

May 1;1268:181-9.



INDIVIDUAL ACCEPTABILITY OF POSITIVE INCENTIVES FOR

SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY BEHAVIOUR: A SEGMENTATION

APPROACH IN CURITIBA, BRAZIL

Rafael Alexandre dos Reis


Abstract: Research has shown a substantial increase in the participation of conventionally

fuelled vehicles (CFV’s) in the urban transport modal split. The reasons for this

unsustainable reality are multiple, from economic interventions to individual behaviour. The

development and delivery of positive incentives for the adoption of more environmental-

friendly modes of transport is an emerging strategy to help tackling the problem of excessive

car use. The efficiency of this approach, like other information-based schemes, can benefit

from knowing which are the groups of individuals that are more susceptible to these

interventions, to allow the development of better directed strategies. The goal of this project

is to explore the level of acceptability of different population segments to different incentive

schemes for sustainable travel behaviour. It is assumed that different segments of the

population, regarding geographic, sociodemographic and psychological factors, respond

significantly different to a range of positive stimulus. A survey will be applied in the city of

Curitiba, Brazil. The context of developing countries have not yet received research attention

regarding the relation of diverse individual factors with CFV’s use and the use of a

segmentation approach to allow better targeted transport policies in the form of incentives,

which are the main expected contributions of this project.

Keywords: Mobility Behaviour, Positive incentives, Population segmentation, Sustainable Transport,

Transport Mode Choice.


Referencias

Ajzen, I., 1991. Theories of Cognitive Self-RegulationThe theory of planned behavior. Organ.

Behav. Hum. Decis. Process. 50, 179–211. doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

Anable, J., 2005. “Complacent Car Addicts” or “Aspiring Environmentalists”? Identifying

travel behaviour segments using attitude theory. Transp. Policy 12, 65–78.

doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2004.11.004



Anable, J., Gatersleben, B., 2005. ALL WORK AND NO PLAY? THE ROLE OF

INSTRUMENTAL AND AFFECTIVE FACTORS IN WORK AND LEISURE JOURNEYS BY

DIFFERENT TRAVEL MODES. World Transit Res.

Bamberg, S., Ajzen, I., Schmidt, P., 2003. Choice of Travel Mode in the Theory of Planned

Behavior: The Roles of Past Behavior, Habit, and Reasoned Action. Basic Appl. Soc.

Psychol. 25, 175–187. doi:10.1207/S15324834BASP2503_01

Bamberg, S., Schmidt, P., 2001. Theory-driven subgroup-specific evaluation of an

intervention to reduce private car use. J. Appl. Soc. Psychol. 31, 1300–1329.

doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb02675.x

Becken, S., 2007. Tourists’ Perception of International Air Travel’s Impact on the Global

Climate and Potential Climate Change Policies. J. Sustain. Tour. 15, 351–368.

doi:10.2167/jost710.0

CNI, 2015. Retratos da Sociedade Brasileira - Mobilidade Urbana (No. 27). Confederação

Nacional da Indústria (CNI).

Dargay, J., 2008. Personal Transport Choice, in: Household Behaviour and the Environment.

DENATRAN, 2015. Frota Nacional. Departamento Nacional de Trânsito.

Dumas, J.S., Dobson, R., 1979. Linking consumer attitudes to bus and carpool usage.

Transp. Res. Part Gen. 13, 417–423. doi:10.1016/0191-2607(79)90005-0

Ellaway, A., Macintyre, S., Hiscock, R., Kearns, A., 2003. IN THE DRIVING SEAT:

PSYCHOSOCIAL BENEFITS FROM PRIVATE MOTOR VEHICLE TRANSPORT

COMPARED TO PUBLIC TRANSPORT. World Transit Res.

EXAME, 2014. Curitiba é capital com mais carros por pessoa.

Hunecke, M., Haustein, S., Boehler, S., Grischkat, S., 2010. Attitude-Based Target Groups

to Reduce the Ecological Impact of Daily Mobility Behavior. Environ. Behav. 42, 3–43.

doi:10.1177/0013916508319587

IPPUC, 2014. EDITAL DE CONCORRÊNCIA PÚBLICA INTERNACIONAL No CI 003 /

2014.

Johansson-Stenman, O., 2001. Estimating individual driving distance by car and public

transport use in Sweden (Report).

Jong, G.D., 1996. A disaggregate model system of vehicle holding duration, type choice and

use. Transp. Res. Part B Methodol. 30, 263–276. doi:10.1016/0191-2615(95)00030-5

Kieu, L.M., Bhaskar, A., Chung, E., 2015. Passenger Segmentation Using Smart Card Data.

IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 16, 1537–1548. doi:10.1109/TITS.2014.2368998

Kitamura, R., 2010. Life-style and travel demand. Transportation 36, 679–710.

doi:10.1007/s11116-009-9244-6

Mackett, R.L., 2003. Why do people use their cars for short trips? Transportation 30, 329–

349. doi:10.1023/A:1023987812020



Marcel Hunecke, A.B., 2001. Responsibility and Environment Ecological Norm Orientation

and External Factors in the Domain of Travel Mode Choice Behavior. Environ. Behav. 33,

830–852. doi:10.1177/00139160121973269

Mikiki, F., Papaioannou, P., 2012. Investigating pro-Environmental and Active Travel

Behaviour for Successful Sustainable Travel Promotion. Procedia - Soc. Behav. Sci.,

Transport Research Arena 2012 48, 1424–1433. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.1118

Nordlund, A.M., Garvill, J., 2003. Effects of values, problem awareness, and personal norm

on willingness to reduce personal car use. J. Environ. Psychol. 23, 339–347.

doi:10.1016/S0272-4944(03)00037-9

NTU, 2016. Curitiba teve a maior baixa no número de passageiros de ônibus em 2015.

Outwater, M., Castleberry, S., Shiftan, Y., Ben-Akiva, M., Shuang Zhou, Y., Kuppam, A.,

2003. Attitudinal Market Segmentation Approach to Mode Choice and Ridership Forecasting:

Structural Equation Modeling. Transp. Res. Rec. J. Transp. Res. Board 1854, 32–42.

doi:10.3141/1854-04

Prillwitz, J., Barr, S., 2011. Moving towards sustainability? Mobility styles, attitudes and

individual travel behaviour. J. Transp. Geogr. 19, 1590–1600.

Prillwitz, J., Barr, S., 2009. Motivations and barriers to adopting sustainable travel behaviour.

Salomon, I., Ben-Akiva, M., 1983. The Use of the Life-Style Concept in Travel Demand

Models. Environ. Plan. A 15, 623–638. doi:10.1068/a150623

Salomon*, I., Mokhtarian, P.L., 1998. What happens when mobility-inclined market

segments face accessibility-enhancing policies? Transp. Res. Part Transp. Environ. 3, 129–

140. doi:10.1016/S1361-9209(97)00038-2

Segment Project, 2013. Final Report.

Simma, A., Axhausen, K., Simma, A., Axhausen, K., 2004. Interactions between Travel

Behaviour, Accessibility and Personal Characteristics: The Case of Upper Austria. EJTIR

179–197.

Steg, L., 2005. Car use: lust and must. Instrumental, symbolic and affective motives for car

use. Transp. Res. Part Policy Pract., Positive Utility of TravelPositive Utility of Travel 39,

147–162. doi:10.1016/j.tra.2004.07.001

Steg, L., Vlek, C., Slotegraaf, G., 2001a. Instrumental-reasoned and symbolic-affective

motives for using a motor car. Transp. Res. Part F Traffic Psychol. Behav. 4, 151–169.

doi:10.1016/S1369-8478(01)00020-1

Steg, L., Vlek, C., Slotegraaf, G., 2001b. Instrumental-reasoned and symbolic-affective

motives for using a motor car. Transp. Res. Part F Traffic Psychol. Behav. 4, 151–169.

doi:10.1016/S1369-8478(01)00020-1

Sunset project, 2014. Project Final Report.



Vredin Johansson, M., Heldt, T., Johansson, P., 2006a. The effects of attitudes and

personality traits on mode choice. Transp. Res. Part Policy Pract. 40, 507–525.

doi:10.1016/j.tra.2005.09.001

Vredin Johansson, M., Heldt, T., Johansson, P., 2006b. The effects of attitudes and

personality traits on mode choice. Transp. Res. Part Policy Pract. 40, 507–525.

doi:10.1016/j.tra.2005.09.001

Yuko Heath, R.G., 2002. Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior: Predicting the Use of

Public Transportation1. J. Appl. Soc. Psychol. 32, 2154 – 2189. doi:10.1111/j.1559-

1816.2002.tb02068.x

Zhang, Z., Fujii, H., Managi, S., 2014. How does commuting behavior change due to

incentives? An empirical study of the Beijing Subway System. Transp. Res. Part F Traffic

Psychol. Behav. 24, 17–26. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2014.02.009



THE ROLE OF FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY: A FOCUS ON THE

NBOME DRUGS AND NOVEL EXTRACTION METHODS

Rafael Venson1, Hazel J. Torrance1, Denise A. McKeown1

1Forensic Medicine and Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK [email protected]

Abstract: Forensic toxicology is the application of toxicology and chemistry to the

elucidation of situations that can potentially lead to judicial proceedings. The subject involves

assisting with the elucidation of causes of deaths in homicides, suicides and accidents and

also the investigation of crimes such as drug-facilitated sexual assault, impaired drug-driving

as well as doping cases.

Many cases in forensic toxicology involve the so-called “novel psychoactive substances”

(NPS) that are drugs that have been appearing with increasing frequency over the last few

years. Many of them had an “innocent” appearance or were even developed with altruistic

intents however they ended up being responsible for cases of accidental and intentional fatal

intoxications.

One of the NPS are the 25-NBOMe drugs or “N-Bombs”, which possess high hallucinogenic

potencies and have been freely available to buy on-line since 2010. Some of them have

been scheduled as a Class A drug in the United Kingdom since 2013. Fatalities related to

the use of the 25-NBOMe drugs have been reported and considering their high potency and

high potential risk for users, efficient forensic toxicology intervention is needed to solve

cases involving this class of drugs.

Similarly to the drug market that constantly produces novel drugs, forensic toxicology has to

evolve and produce innovative technologies to help solve cases that involve drugs.

Generally the process of analysing biological specimens includes sampling, sample pre-

treatment, extraction, detection/quantification, statistical evaluation and decision making.

The process of extraction can be very time-consuming and very expensive.

A novel extraction technique was introduced at the end of the 1990s and has been explored

by forensic toxicologists worldwide. This method is called hollow-fiber liquid-phase

microextraction (HF-LPME). The mechanism of the extraction using HF-LPME involves the

partitioning of the analyte between liquid phases and the device used to perform this type of

extraction consists of a hollow porous fibre usually made of polypropylene which permits the

analytes from the sample to pass through into the lumen of the fibre, in which the acceptor

phase resides.



Based on the increasing prevalence of the NBOMe and other NPS, and in the relative lack of

data regarding their toxicokinetics, more studies must be performed which requires

developing analytical methods with high sensitivity and specificity. In order to further explore

HF-LPME and its application to forensic toxicology; a sensitive, accurate and precise method

was developed, optimised and validated for the simultaneous detection and quantification of

5 NBOMe drugs in human whole blood, using HF-LPME followed by liquid-chromatography

tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The limit of detection of the method reached the

range of pg/mL.

HF-LPME combined with LC-MS/MS provides an attractive alternative to the more

established extraction methods due to its low cost and green chemistry approach.

Keywords: Forensic toxicology, novel psychoactive substances, NBOMe, hollow-fiber liquid-phase

microextraction


[1] Jickells, S. and A. Negrusz, Clarke's analytical forensic toxicology. 2008, London:

Pharmaceutical Press.

[2] Favretto, D., J.P. Pascali, and F. Tagliaro, New challenges and innovation in forensic

toxicology: focus on the "New Psychoactive Substances". J Chromatogr A, 2013. 1287: p.

84-95.

[3] Wyman, J.F., Principles and procedures in forensic toxicology. Clin Lab Med, 2012.

32(3): p. 493-507.

[4] Suzuki, J., et al., Toxicities associated with NBOMe ingestion-a novel class of potent

hallucinogens: a review of the literature. Psychosomatics, 2015. 56(2): p. 129-39.

[5] Kyriakou, C., et al., NBOMe: new potent hallucinogens - pharmacology, analytical

methods, toxicities, fatalities: a review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2015. 19(17): p. 3270-

81.

[6] Ghambarian, M., Y. Yamini, and A. Esrafili, Developments in hollow fiber based liquid-

phase microextraction: principles and applications. Microchimica Acta, 2012. 177(3-4): p.

271-294.



DEVELOPMENT OF NANO-IN-MICRO DRY POWDER

FORMULATIONS FOR PULMONARY DELIVERY USING A

SUPERCRITICAL FLUID TECHNOLOGY

Ravenna Lessa Matos, Andrew Ingram

Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham [email protected]

Abstract: Aerosol inhalation has been frequently applied to treat chronic respiratory

diseases like asthma and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), delivering active

particles directly to the lungs. However, over the last decades, investigations on the potential

use of the lungs as a therapeutic gateway for the systemic circulation have significantly

increased [1], [2]. The alveoli enormous surface area, thin epithelial barrier and high blood

supply enables a great mass transfer between air and blood and therefore a rapid onset of

therapeutic action. Besides, the first-pass metabolism is avoided, increasing the

bioavailability of many drugs, which makes the lungs an alternative for the delivery of

pharmaceuticals in a non-invasive way when the oral route is not suitable. However, the

respiratory tract has some defence mechanisms against airborne particles that limit its

application as a delivery route. The mucus layer and ciliated cells are responsible for the

mucociliary clearance mechanism that traps and moves particles to the throat, preventing

them to reach the alveolar region. When particles escape the mucociliary clearance and

reach the deep lung, macrophages can engulf and clear them [3]. Due to its enhanced

properties compared to the bulk material, nanoparticles have been extensively researched in

the pharmaceutical field. At the nanoscale, the surface-to-volume ratio increases, allowing

for a faster interaction of particles with surrounding substances. Nevertheless, delivering

nanoparticles to the lungs can be challenging since they can be easily exhaled. Dose

measurement and reproducibility and particle stability are other concerns that require the

design of robust delivery devices and drug formulations. The association of drug

nanoparticles with a larger carrier can reduce the attraction force between particles,

improving formulation stability and flowability. Once the formulation reaches the lungs,

nanoparticles must detach from the carrier to be rapidly absorbed into the blood.

Supercritical fluid-assisted processes have been extensively applied to produce drug

nanoparticles with narrow particle distribution and high yieldsc. By producing nanoparticles

into a fluidized bed of carrier particles, nanoparticles can coat on the carrier surface, creating

a formulation suitable for pulmonary delivery [4]–[6]. The aim of this work is to coat lactose

(1-5 µm) with active pharmaceutical nanoparticles using Supercritical Anti-solvent (SAS) and



Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions (RESS) integrated with a fluidized bed, therefore

CO2-insoluble and CO2-soluble drug formulations can be produced.

Keywords: coating, fluidized bed, nano-in-micro formulation, pulmonary delivery, supercritical fluids

MODE OF PRESENTATION: 3 MINUTE + 1 SLIDE PRESENTATION

[1] I. M. El-sherbiny, N. M. El-baz, and M. H. Yacoub, “Inhaled nano- and microparticles

for drug delivery,” Global Cardiology Science and Practice, pp. 1–14, 2015.

[2] a. S. Silva, M. T. Tavares, and A. Aguiar-Ricardo, “Sustainable strategies for nano-

in-micro particle engineering for pulmonary delivery,” J. Nanoparticle Res., vol. 16, no. 11,

2014.

[3] S. Koussoroplis and R. Vanbever, Peptides and Proteins : Pulmonary Absorption,

Fourth Edi. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2013.

[4] G. A. Leeke, T. Lu, R. H. Bridson, and J. P. K. Seville, “Application of nano-particle

coatings to carrier particles using an integrated fluidized bed supercritical fluid precipitation

process,” J. Supercrit. Fluids, vol. 91, pp. 7–14, 2014.

[5] V. Martín, R. Romero-Díez, S. Rodríguez-Rojo, and M. J. Cocero, “Titanium dioxide

nanoparticle coating in fluidized bed via supercritical anti-solvent process (SAS),” Chem.

Eng. J., vol. 279, pp. 425–432, 2015.

[6] C. Vogt, R. Schreiber, G. Brunner, and J. Werther, “Fluid dynamics of the

supercritical fluidized bed,” Powder Technol., vol. 158, no. 1–3, pp. 102–114, 2005.



NEUROINFLAMMATION IN THE THALAMUS: COULD IT POINT

TO CENTRAL POST STROKE PAIN?

Couto, R.; Trueman, R.; Learoyd, A.; Hathway, G.

University of Nottingham [email protected]

Background

1 in 6 people will have a stroke (World Stroke Organization) and 40% of these patients will

develop novel chronic pain as consequence(Klit, Finnerup, Overvad, Andersen, & Jensen,

2011). This pain can be central due to damage of central nervous system (central post

stroke pain (CPSP)). CPSP is part of the neuropathic pain syndrome which is characterized

by hypersensitivity and sensitive abnormalities after a cerebrovascular accident(G. Kumar &

Soni, 2009). Strokes within the thalamic region most commonly cause CPSP. Treatment of

CPSP is a great challenge for scientists and clinicians, there is a poor response to common

painkillers and there is no established therapy for the condition.(B. Kumar, Kalita, Kumar, &

Misra, 2009)

Recent studies into pathophysiology of central pain suggested that inflammatory processes

in the CNS might play an important role (Marchand et al., 2005; Latremoliere & Woolf, 2009).

There is a large inflammatory response to stroke, and it is possible that neuroinflammation in

the spinothalamic pathway is crucial to the development of CPSP (Jin, Yang, & Li, 2010). In

support of this recently some neuropathic pain syndromes have shown a good response to

anti-inflammatory drugs(Cohen, 1987). In a model of stroke (middle cerebral artery occlusion

(MCAO)) bilateral hyperalgesia following mechanical and thermal stimuli has been shown,

and therefore this model has been used in the current study(Takami, Fujita-Hamabe,

Harada, & Tokuyama, 2011).

Methodology

A group of mice which had a 30 minutes middle cerebral artery (MCAO) occlusion were

sacrificed at different time points (24 hours, 7 days and 1 month) following the occlusion.

This method produces an ischemic stroke in the striatum. The thalamus is linked with the

striatum and thereby is a likely area for secondary degeneration. Furthermore, the thalamus

has been reported in the literature as an important injured region in CPSP patients. Hence,

the thalamus was chosen to be analysed by immunohistochemistry. The sections will be

double-stained with specific antibody for M1 and M2 subtypes. Images produced will be

analysed with quantification for activated microglia. After that, comparison between subtypes

prevalence and different time points will be within different thalamic nucli,



Aim

Search for histological markers of neuroinflammation in the thalamus which could lead to the

development of central post stroke pain, and characterize how these change over time

following a stroke.

Relevance

Stroke is one of the most important causes of death and long term disability. Spontaneous or

evoked pain as a complication of stroke is responsible for a considerable decrease in life

quality for patients. It affects daily activities, mobility, concentration and mood and can even

lead to suicide. More knowledge about CPSP physiopathology will help to lead to a

treatment, therefore this project is highly important for stroke and pain research.

Keywords: central pain, CPSP, MCAO, neuroinflamation, stroke


Reference List

Cohen, K. L. (1987). Efficacy and Safety of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in the

Therapy of Diabetic Neuropathy. Archives of Internal Medicine, 147(8), 1442.

http://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1987.00370080078016

Jin, R., Yang, G., & Li, G. (2010). Inflammatory mechanisms in ischemic stroke: role of

inflammatory cells. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 87(5), 779–89.

http://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.1109766

Klit, H., Finnerup, N. B., Overvad, K., Andersen, G., & Jensen, T. S. (2011). Pain following

stroke: a population-based follow-up study. PloS One, 6(11), e27607.

http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027607

Kumar, B., Kalita, J., Kumar, G., & Misra, U. K. (2009). Central poststroke pain: A review of

pathophysiology and treatment. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 108(5), 1645–1657.

http://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0b013e31819d644c

Kumar, G., & Soni, C. R. (2009). Central post-stroke pain: Current evidence. Journal of the

Neurological Sciences, 284(1-2), 10–17. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2009.04.030

Latremoliere, A., & Woolf, C. J. (2009). Central sensitization: a generator of pain

hypersensitivity by central neural plasticity. The Journal of Pain : Official Journal of the

American Pain Society, 10(9), 895–926. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2009.06.012

Takami, K., Fujita-Hamabe, W., Harada, S., & Tokuyama, S. (2011). Aβ and Aδ but not C-

fibres are involved in stroke related pain and allodynia: An experimental study in mice.



Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 63(3), 452–456. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-

7158.2010.01231.x

World Heart Federation 2016, Stroke. Available from < http://www.world-heart-

federation.org/cardiovascular-health/stroke/> [31th January 2016]



JAMES JOYCE AND THE PRESENCE OF MILTON

Renata Meints Adail

University of Birmingham [email protected]

Abstract: James Joyce’s revolutionary power in literature is irrefutable since his seminal work

Ulysses, which was proclaimed by T.S. Eliot one of the most important works of the

modernist period. He once stated to his friend Arthur Power that his novel has liberated

literature “from its age-old shackles”. His innovative use of language, narrative structures, a

plethora of allusions, and the use of the technique known as the stream of consciousness

were some of the aspects that have largely contributed to turning his writing into a form of

empowerment and rebellion against the pre-established patterns of the predominantly

English literary Canon.

However, the innovation Joyce claimed to bring does not mean to break completely with the

past; on the contrary, his allusions to his precursors form a consciousness that the past

creations can coexist with the modern ones and influence them positively. Joyce

revolutionises by engaging productively with the past and responding to it.

In this paper, I aim at analysing some innovative aspects of Joyce’s oeuvre as a whole as a

response to the past and specifically to John Milton’s work. I intend to show that Joyce did

not repel the literary tradition of the English canon, but held his work open to make it

possible for the past writers to ‘dwell’ peacefully within.

Keywords: James Joyce, John Milton, Presence in Literature, Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht.


Reference List:

Arthur Power, Conversations with James Joyce. Dublin, Liliput Press, 1999.

Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, Production of Presence: What Meaning Cannot Convey. Stanford,

Stanford University Press, 2004.

Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, Atmosphere, Mood, Stimmung: On a Hidden Potential of Literature.

Stanford, Stanford University Press, 2012.

James Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1960.

James Joyce, Ulysses. London, Bodley Head, 1986.

John Milton, Paradise Lost. London, Longman, 1998.



DEVELOPING NOVEL SUSTAINABLE FUNCTIONAL FOOD

INGREDIENTS

Shirley de Lima Sampaio, Madalina Neacsu, Wendy Russell

Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, Natural Products Group, University of Aberdeen [email protected]

Abstract: This study aims to develop plant-based functional ingredients to be incorporated

into food products, by engaging novel applicability to existing food processing technologies,

such as extractions, fractionations and microencapsulation. Sustainable crops of relevance

for food security, quinoa and buckwheat, have been selected as sources of bioactive

compounds. Plant bioactive compounds are commonly associated with health promoting or

disease prevention properties. Additionally, quinoa and buckwheat are alternative crops of

interest for both the Scottish and the Brazilian governments, due to their potential to

contribute for global food security. This work will deliver novel smart food ingredients with

targeted release of bioactives (key macro-, micro-nutrients and phytochemicals) to the

gastrointestinal tract, contributing to promote (i) functional food innovation, (ii) public health,

(iii) agricultural diversification (by stimulating demand for sustainable crops) and (iv)

sustainable and healthier processed food products for the future.

Keywords: bioactive compounds, buckwheat, functional foods, quinoa.


References

i. Amézqueta, S., Galán, E., Fuguet, E., Carrascal, M., Abián, J., & Torres, J. L. (2012).

Determination of d-fagomine in buckwheat and mulberry by cation exchange HPLC/ESI–Q-

MS. Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 402(5), 1953-1960.

ii. Buttriss J, Riley H. (2013). Sustainable diets: harnessing the nutrition agenda. Food

Chem. 2013 Oct 1;140(3):402-7.

iii. FAO (2015). The state of food insecurity in the world 2015. Available at:

<http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4646e.pdf> (Accessed: 7 December 2015).

http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4646e.pdf



iv. FAO (2013). State of the art report on quinoa around the world in 2013. Available at:

<http://www.fao.org/3/contents/ca682370-10f8-40c2-b084-95a8f704f44d/i4042e00.htm>

(Accessed: 7 December 2015).

v. FAO (2010). International scientific symposium biodiversity and sustainable diets

against hunger. Available at: <http://www.fao.org/ag/humannutrition/23781-

0e8d8dc364ee46865d5841c48976e9980.pdf> (Accessed: 7 December 2015).

vi. FAO (2009). An united call to action on vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Available at:

<http://www.unitedcalltoaction.org/documents/Investing_in_the_future.pdf> (Accessed: 7

December 2015).

vii. Graf, B. L., Rojas‐Silva, P., Rojo, L. E., Delatorre‐Herrera, J., Baldeón, M. E., &

Raskin, I. (2015). Innovations in health value and functional food development of quinoa

(Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety,

14(4), 431-445.

viii. Kuljanabhagavad, T., Thongphasuk, P., Chamulitrat, W., & Wink, M. (2008).

Triterpene saponins from Chenopodium quinoa Willd. Phytochemistry, 69(9), 1919-1926.

ix. Madl, T., Sterk, H., Mittelbach, M., & Rechberger, G. N. (2006). Tandem mass

spectrometric analysis of a complex triterpene saponin mixture of Chenopodium quinoa.

Journal of the American Society for Mass spectrometry, 17(6), 795-806.

x. Mastebroek, H. D., Limburg, H., Gilles, T., & Marvin, H. J. P. (2000). Occurrence of

sapogenins in leaves and seeds of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd). Journal of the

Science of Food and Agriculture, 80(1), 152-156.

xi. Muir, A. D., Ballantyne, K. D., & Hall, T. W. (2000, June). LC-MS and LC-MS/MS

analysis of saponins and sapogenins-comparison of ionization techniques and their

usefulness in compound identification. In PROCEEDINGS-PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF

EUROPE (Vol. 45, pp. 35-42). Dordrecht; London; Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1998.

xii. United Nations (2015). Hunger statistics. Available at:

<http://www.wfp.org/hunger/stats> (Accessed: 7 December 2015).

http://www.fao.org/3/contents/ca682370-10f8-40c2-b084-95a8f704f44d/i4042e00.htm

http://www.fao.org/ag/humannutrition/23781-0e8d8dc364ee46865d5841c48976e9980.pdf

http://www.fao.org/ag/humannutrition/23781-0e8d8dc364ee46865d5841c48976e9980.pdf

http://www.unitedcalltoaction.org/documents/Investing_in_the_future.pdf

http://www.wfp.org/hunger/stats



xiii. WHO (2015). Obesity and Overweight. Available at:

<http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/ > (Accessed: 7 December 2015).

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/



DEMONOLOGY AND EVIL BEINGS FROM ANCIENT TIMES:

INVESTIGATING THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS

Tupá Guerra

University of Birmingham (PhD student) [email protected]

Abstract: Demons are, for a mind of a person educated in the 20th century, in an occidental

system of beliefs, a figure of condensed evil, capable of possessing human bodies to act

according to the demon’s will or even with the ability of convincing people to do ev il things.

One possible, and current, representation of a demon is a humanoid, usually male, with red

skin and horns. Literary fiction, films and comics offer plenty of examples of this type of

representations in a variety of ways. However, the image that we take for granted as being

clear has not always been the same for different cultures and periods of history.

The Dead Sea Scrolls are a group of ancient manuscripts found in the northwest shore of

the Dead Sea containing some of the oldest copies of books from the Old Testament and

other religious ancient Jewish texts. They are one of the biggest archaeological findings of

the 20th century and one of the largest groups of ancient texts ever found. It offers scholars

the opportunity to access aspects of the Jewish society in antiquity in a more comprehensive

way, and the full corpus has only recently been published. This presentation proposes to

examine the references to evil creatures in the Dead Sea Scrolls more closely.

Keywords: Dead Sea Scrolls, Demonology, Jewish, Magic.


References:

Alexander, P. S., ‘The Demonology of the Dead Sea Scrolls’. The Dead Sea Scrolls After

Fifty Years: A Comprehensive Assessment, edited by P. W. Flint and J. C. VanderKam, 331-

353. Leiden: Brill, 1999

Bohak, G. Ancient Jewish Magic: A History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.



———. ‘Prolegomena to the Study of the Jewish Magical Tradition.’ Currents in Biblical

Research 8 (2009): 107-150.

Brand, M. Evil Within and Without: The Source of Sin and Its Nature As Portrayed in Second

Temple Literature. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2013.

Dimant, D. ’Between Qumran Sectarian and Non-Sectarian Texts: The Case of Belial and

Mastema.’ The Dead Sea Scrolls and Contemporary Culture, edited by A. D. Roitman, L. H.

Schiffman and S. Tzoref, 235-256. Leiden/Boston: BRILL, 2011.

Eshel, E. ‘Demonology in Palestine during the Second Temple Period’. Ph.D. diss., Hebrew

University (Heb.), 1999.

Hempel, C. The Qumran Rule Texts in Context: Collected Studies. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck,

2013.

Lange, A. ‘The Essene Position on Magic and Divination’. Legal Texts and Legal Issues:

Proceedings of the Second Meeting of the International Organization for Qumran Studies,

edited by M. Bernstein, F. García Martínez and J. Kampen, 377-435. Leiden/New York/Köln:

Brill, 1997.



CIRCULATING TUMOUR CELLS: A MULTIFUNCTIONAL

BIOMARKER

Vanêssa Cavalcanti Aulette

Queen Mary University of London [email protected]

Abstract: Circulating tumour cells (CTC) are known to be cells dissociated from a primary

solid tumour, which spread and circulate in peripheral blood stream. Evidence shows that

CTCs can colonize distant organs and remain latent for more than 10 years until the cells

develop or express special features in order to give rise to active metastases. Taking into

account that metastasis is the leading cause of death in cancer patients, being responsible

for 90% of these deaths, the importance of an early detection method for metastasis

becomes clear.

Molecular methods suggest that CTC can be detected in the peripheral blood of 30 to 40%

of clinically metastases-free patients (micrometastases). These are hidden and not

detectable by routinely imaging exams, which can contribute to the disease relapse. This

minimal residual disease, however, can be detected by CTCs screening, which is a much

less invasive method than the bone marrow biopsy.

Several studies have shown that the characterization of CTCs is still challenging, once some

factors may contribute for a false positive or a false negative result. For example, it’s been

reported that patients with underlying inflammatory diseases, especially, can harbor

circulating epithelial cells that can be identified with ongoing CTC assessment. Interestingly,

other experiments have shown that cells with mesenchymal stem cell properties seem to

circulate in the bloodstream and seed particular organs even before the formation of the

primary tumour.

It is conventionally accepted that the metastatisation is a unidirectional process in which the

tumour cells give rise to a new tumour. However, animal experiments have introduced the

concept of “tumour self-seeding” or “cross-seeding” that is the CTCs seeding the primary

tumour, and giving rise to an aggressive metastatic variant. Interestingly, it was observed

that the malignancy of the cross-seeding is proportional to the amount of tumour cells shed

in the blood circulation by the primary tumour. Considering that, these results suggest that

self-seeding might be the cause of many cases of cancer recurrence, even after resection.

Multiple researches have shown that the quantification of CTCs may also be used for

monitoring the efficacy of chemotherapy. These findings might be useful not only to evaluate

the patient’s response to the neoadjuvant therapy, but also to predict the responsiveness of



the primary tumour to the drugs for later application in case of relapse, thus minimizing

toxicity. Furthermore, the characterization of CTCs allows the identification of target

molecules that may be useful in the personalized medicine model.

Thus, research groups are currently evaluating the clinical efficacy of CTCs screening as a

liquid biopsy, an innovative tool for prognosis prediction, and monitoring of systemic and

personalized treatment on patients.

Keywords: circulating tumour cells, liquid biopsy, metastasis, personalized medicine, tumour cell

dormancy, tumour self-seeding.


References

Mikulová V, Kološtová K, Zima T. Methods for detection of circulating tumour cells and their

clinical value in cancer patients. Folia Biol (Praha). 2011;57:151–61.

Kim MY, Oskarsson T, Acharyya S, Nguyen DX, Zhang XH, Norton L, Massague J. Tumor

selfseeding by circulating cancer cells. Cell 2009;139: 1315–26.

Weigelt, B., Peterse, J. L. & van 't Veer, L. J. Breast cancer metastasis: markers and

models. Nature Rev. Cancer 5, 591–602 (2005)

Alix-Panabieres, C. & Pantel, K. Circulating tumor cells: liquid biopsy of cancer. Clinl

Chem. 59, 110–118 (2013).

Camara O, Rengsberger M, Egbe A, Koch A,GajdaM, Hammer U, et al. The relevance of

circulating epithelial tumor cells (CETC) for therapy during neoadjuvant (primary systemic)

chemotherapy in breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 2007;18:1484–92.

Stoecklein NH, Klein CA. Genetic disparity between primary tumours, disseminated tumour

cells, and manifest metastasis. Int J Cancer 2010; 126:589 –98.

Pantel K, Alix-Panabie`res C, Riethdorf S. Cancer micrometastases. Nat Rev Clin Oncol

2009;6: 339–51.

Pantel K, Brakenhoff RH. Dissecting the metastatic cascade. Nat Rev Cancer 2004;4:448 –

56.

Braun S, Vogl FD, Naume B, Janni W, Osborne MP, Coombes RC, et al. A pooled analysis

of bone marrow micrometastasis in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2005;353:793– 802

Cristofanilli M, Budd GT, Ellis MJ, Stopeck A, Matera J, Miller MC, et al. Circulating tumor

cells, disease progression, and survival in metastatic breast cancer. N Engl J Med.

2004;351:781–91.



Renata K. Kuniyoshi1 & Flávia de Sousa Gehrke1 & Beatriz C. A. Alves1 & Viviane Vilas-

Bôas1 & Anna E. Coló1 & Naiara Sousa2 & João Nunes2 & Fernando L. A. Fonseca1,3 &

Auro Del Giglio1,4. Gene profiling and circulating tumor cells as biomarker to prognostic of

patients with locoregional breast cancer.

Pantel K, Deneve E, Nocca D, Coffy A, Vendrell JP, Maudelonde T, et al. Circulating

epithelial cells in patients with benign colon diseases. Clin Chem 2012;58:936–40.

Rhim AD, Mirek ET, Aiello NM, Maitra A, Bailey JM, McAllister F, et al. EMT and

dissemination precede pancreatic tumor formation. Cell 2012; 148:349–61.

Lianidou ES. Circulating tumor cells—new challenges ahead. Clin Chem 2012;58:805–7.

Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell 2011;144:646 –74.

Camara O, Kavallaris A, Noschel H, Rengsberger M, Jorke C, Pachmann K (2006) Seeding

of epithelial cells into circulation during surgery for breast cancer: the fate of malignant and

benign mobilized cells. World J Surg Oncol 4: 67

McDonald DM, Baluk P (2002) Significance of blood vessel leakiness in cancer. Cancer Res

62: 5381 – 5385

Friedl P, Wolf K (2009) Proteolytic interstitial cell migration: a five-step process. Cancer

Metastasis Rev 28: 129 – 135

Liu, L.; Liu, L. SQ Online / CTC: Locating Tumor Cells. Available in:

<https://sqonline.ucsd.edu/2015/03/ctc-locating-tumor-cells/>. Acesso em: 1 abr. 2016.

Nieto MA (2013) Epithelial plasticity: a common theme in embryonic and cancer cells.

Science 342: 1234850

Brabletz T (2012) To differentiate or not–routes towards metastasis. Nat Rev Cancer 12: 425

– 436

Uhr JW, Pantel K. Controversies in clinical cancer dormancy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

2011;108:12396–400.

Lu X, Mu E, Wei Y, Riethdorf S, Yang Q, Yuan M, Yan J, Hua Y, Tiede BJ, Lu X et al (2011)

VCAM-1 promotes osteolytic expansion of indolent bone micrometastasis of breast cancer

by engaging alpha4beta1-positive osteoclast progenitors. Cancer Cell 20: 701 – 714

Pachmann K, Camara O, Kavallaris A et al. Quantification of the response of circulating

epithelial cells to neodadjuvant treatment for breast cancer: a new tool for therapy

monitoring. Breast Cancer Research 2005; 7: 975–979.

Jain RK, Padera TP. Development Lymphatics make the break. Science 2003; 299: 209–

210.

Naumov GN, Townson JL, MacDonald IC et al. Ineffectiveness of doxorubicin treatment on

solitary dormant mammary carcinoma cells or late-developing metastases. Breast Cancer

Res Treat 2003; 82: 199–206.



Hunter KW. Host genetics and tumor metastasis. Br J Cancer 2004; 90: 752–755. Meng S,

Tripathy D, Frenkel EP et al. Circulating tumor cells in patients with breast cancer dormancy.

Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10: 8152–8162.

Pachmann K. Longtime recirculating tumor cells in breast cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res

2005; 11: 5657–5658.

Van der Hage JA, van de Velde CJ, Julien JP et al. Preoperative chemotherapy in primary

operable breast cancer: results from the European Organization for Research and Treatment

of Cancer trial 10902. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19: 4224–4237.

Pantel K, Alix-Panabie` res C. Circulating tumour cells in cancer patients: challenges and

perspectives. Trends Mol Med 2010;16:398–406.

Klein CA. Parallel progression of primary tumours and metastases. Nat Rev Cancer

2009;9:302–12.

Riethdorf, S. et al. Detection and HER2 Expression of circulating tumor cells: prospective

monitoring in breast cancer patients treated in the neoadjuvant geparquattro trial. Clin.

Cancer Res. 16, 2634–2645 (2010).

Wulfing P, Borchard J, Buerger H, Heidl S, Zanker KS, Kiesel L, Brandt B. HER2-positive

circulating tumor cells indicate poor clinical outcome in stage I to III breast cancer patients.

Clin Cancer Res 2006;12:1715–20.

Weigelt, B., Peterse, J. L. & van 't Veer, L. J. Breast cancer metastasis: markers and

models. Nature Rev. Cancer 5, 591–602 (2005)



ANÁLISES ESPAÇO E ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DOS CASOS NOVOS DE

HANSENÍASE NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ

Vanessa Ferreira Sehaber

Paulo Justiniano Ribeiro Junior

Peter J. Diggle

Universidade Federal do Paraná [email protected] Universidade Federal do Paraná [email protected] Lancaster University

Resumo: A hanseníase é uma doença que a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) busca

erradicar no mundo nos próximos anos, pois esta pode trazer danos irreversíveis aos

indivíduos que a contraem, como feridas e perda de sensibilidade da pele, perda da visão e

deformação dos membros superiores e inferiores. Trata-se de uma das mais remotas

doenças no mundo cuja medicamento que proporciona a cura foi descoberto apenas na

década de 80. Segundo literatura epidemiológica da hanseníase, esta é uma doença de

baixa propagação, cujo contágio se deve por meio do contato com fluidos corporais, e pode

estar associada com fatores sociais, econômicos, habitacionais, dentre outros. Há alguns

anos atrás, a OMS estipulou uma meta para todos os países no mundo, a qual é a

diminuição da detecção de casos novos de hanseníase para menos de 10 casos a cada

100.000 habitantes, pois assim acredita-se que a cadeia epidemiológica da doença possa

ser quebrada. Em 2013, o estado do Paraná, localizado na região sul do Brasil, conseguiu

atingir essa meta a nível de estado, com aproximadamente 9,8 casos a cada 100000

habitantes. Contudo, a nível de municípios, essa meta ainda está passível de ser atingida

como um todo, pois existem desde aqueles municípios que estão acima como aqueles que

estão abaixo da meta. De modo a entender melhor o padrão da doença no estado, técnicas

estatísticas espaciais estão sendo empregadas nessa pesquisa. O presente trabalho está

em desenvolvimento e visa: 1) retratar a perspectiva mais recente da doença por meio de

técnicas estatísticas espaciais, de modo a obter um amplo entendimento da doença pela

vigilância epidemiológica do estado; 2) entender a epidemiologia da doença no estado ao

longo dos anos (1980-2013), além de obter um modelo probabilístico espaço-temporal para

predição de casos novos. A natureza do fenômeno epidemiológico tem caráter probabilístico

o qual pode ser explicado por uma distribuição de probabilidade Poisson, haja vista que a

variável aleatória de interesse é o número de casos novos de hanseníase nos municípios de

todo o estado do Paraná. Com relação ao primeiro objetivo da pesquisa, buscou-se

covariáveis provindas do Censo de 2010 e do Instituto Paranaense de Desenvolvimento



Econômico e Social, de forma a buscar possíveis relações com ocorrência da hanseníase

no estado. Estão sendo utilizados alguns modelos espaciais para a análise dos dados e em

breve ter-se-á resultados preliminares. Conseqüentemente, o segundo objetivo será iniciado

após atender o primeiro.

Palavras–chave: Hanseníase, análises estatísticas espaço e espaço-temporal, distribuição Poisson.

MODALIDADE DE APRESENTAÇÃO: APRESENTAÇÃO DE PÔSTER.

Referências:

BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Políticas de Saúde. Departamento de Atenção

Básica. Guia para o Controle da hanseníase. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 2002.

BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz.

Abordagens espaciais na saúde pública. Série B. Textos Básicos de Saúde. Série

Capacitação e Atualização em Geoprocessamento em Saúde. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde,

2006. v. 1.

DIGGLE, P. J.; RIBEIRO JR, P. J. Model Based Geostatistics. New York: Springer, 2007.

GELFAND, A. E. et al. Handbook of spatial Statistics. Londres: Chapman & Hall/CRC,

2010.

MOLER, J. Spatial Statistics and Computational Methods. Lecture notes in statistics.

New York: Springer, 2003.



TRADITION AND TECHNOLOGY: MAPPING SHIFTING

CARTOGRAPHIES OF AFRO-BRAZILIAN MEMORY AND

HERITAGE IN RIO DE JANEIRO’S PORT REGION

Victoria Adams

MPhil Candidate at the Centre of Latin American Studies University of Cambridge [email protected]

Abstract: My research explores the shifting cartographies of Afro- Brazilian memory and

heritage in Rio de Janeiro’s port region. It takes as its starting point the recently launched

(02/04/2016) ‘Pequena África’ route on the ‘Passados Presentes’ app and its affiliations with

varied parties in the port region, such as the Universidade Federal Fluminense, the

Quilombo Pedra do Sal, the Instituto de Pesquisa e Memorial Pretos Novos and the Museu

de Arte do Rio. My research examines the new cartographies of the region drawn by the app

and how these alter the memory of the region, as constructed by other heritage initiatives in

the region such as the Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro’s Circuito Histórico e Arqueológico da

Celebração da Herança Africana. I argue that the app expands the memory of the former in

complex and political ways that result from its organisers engaged anthropology.

Additionally, I argue that it reorients the Afro-Brazilian memory of Rio de Janeiro’s port

region towards the Museu de Arte do Rio, the latter a product of the widely critiqued ‘Porto

Maravilha’ redevelopment program for the region. I argue that this dynamic engages the app

in a complex discursive framework that simultaneously resists and naturalises the

reconfiguration and disruption of the region generated by the port redevelopment works. I

also examine the varied uses envisioned for the app in relation to both memory tourism and

the teaching of history. Consequently, I explore the app as an interface for spatial and

material engagement with the region, both literally and discursively. My research is based

upon fieldwork carried out in Rio de Janeiro’s port region in April 2016 and will contribute to

my MPhil dissertation.

Keywords: Cartographies, heritage, museums, port redevelopment, Rio de Janeiro, technology


References:



Araujo, Ana Lucia. 2010. Public Memory of Slavery. Amherst, NY : Cambria Press.

Carvalho, Bruno. 2013. Porous City. Liverpool : Liverpool University Press.

Cicaló, André. 2015. ‘Por Onde os Africanos Chegaram’. Horizontes Antropológicos, vol. 43,

pp. 239- 271.

. 2015. ‘‘Those Stones Speak:’ Black-Activist Engagement with Slavery Archaeology

in Rio de Janeiro’. Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies, vol.10, no.3, pp. 251-

270.

Cocco, Giuseppe. 2001. A Cidade Estratégica. Rio de Janeiro: DP&A.

Farias, Juliana Barreto. 2006. Cidades Negras. São Paulo: Alameda.

Gardner, Howard and Katie Davis. 2013. The App Generation. New Haven : Yale University

Press.

Guimarães, Roberta Sampaio. 2014. A Utopia da Pequena África. Rio de Janeiro: Editora

FGV.

Huyssen, Andreas. 2003. Present Pasts. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.

Marstine, Janet. 2006. New Museum Theory and Practice. Oxford: Blackwell.

Message, Kylie. 2006. New Museums and the Making of Culture. New York: Berg.

Miller, Paul and Svitlana Matviyenko.2014. The Imaginary App. Cambridge, Massachusetts:

The MIT Press.

Moura, Roberto. 1995. Tia Ciata e a Pequena África no Rio de Janeiro. 2nd ed. Rio de

Janeiro: Secretaria Municipal de Cultura.

Needell, Jeffrey. 2009. A Tropical Belle Époque. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.

Romo, Anadelia. 2010. Brazil's living museum: Race, reform, and tradition in Bahia. Chapel

Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Xavier, Priscilla Xavier. 2016. Do Porto ao Porto Maravilha: Discursos que (re)criam a

cidade. Curitiba: Appris.



DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL BIOLOGICAL APPROACH FOR

DENTINE REPAIR

Vitor de Carvalho Moreno das Neves1* and Paul Sharpe1

1 Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King’s College London, Guy’s

Hospital, London, UK

*Presenting author: [email protected]

Formation of reparative dentine (dentine bridge) is a natural repair response to dentine

damage. However, the reparative process depends on the size of the injury in combination

to the capping material of choice. In tooth restoration following deep caries damage a

number of new products in use “ are promoted as being |”bioactive”. These include

substances such as “Biodentine” (calcium silicate) (Septodent) and MTA (mineral trioxide

aggregate) (Dentsply). None of these compounds are based on an understanding of the

biology of how reparative dentine forms and are not formulated to specifically promote

dentine formation.

It is established that Wnt signalling plays key roles in the odontoblast secretory stage. Using

genetic mouse models we have shown that upregulation of canonical Wnt signalling

enhances reparative dentine production. Based on this genetic data, a system for enhancing

reparative dentine formation is being investigated comprising the application of small

molecule Wnt signalling agonists.

In order to assay this treatment, we have developed a reproducible system to damage

mouse molars. This consists on using a dental burr to cut the dentine then the Wnt agonist

(BIO (6-bromoindirubin-3’-oxime) or CHIR99021) is added on a commercial available

collagen sponge (Kolspon®) that is placed in direct contact to the exposed pulp. We show

that formation of reparative dentine is substantially enhanced when Wnt signalling is

elevated by the use of signalling modulators when compared to MTA resulting in an almost

complete restoration of the lesion.

In addition to the increase of mineral secretion, when we investigated apoptosis, we could

verify differences on cell death location between molars capped with BIO and MTA, which

seems to be related to reparative dentine secretion area.

This provides a basis for the development of potential novel biological-based products for

repair of caries lesions.

Keywords: Stem cells, Regenerative dentistry, Wnt pathway, New dental treatment






ANALYSIS OF PHARMACEUTICALS TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS

ON ALGAE

Zaniel Procópio, Colin Hunter, Ole Pahl

Glasgow Caledonian University - Civil Engineering & Environmental Technology Main author email: [email protected]

Abstract:

In the UK, the rules that deal with water quality are established by European Union (EU)

water quality directives. The limiting pollutant values of the Water Framework Directive

(WFD) have been set, in part, with advice from the UK Technical Advisory Group (UKTAG).

This legislation has affected significantly the pollution control features, making essential a

broader understanding of the aspects applied for removal of substances in wastewater.

Among potentially toxic substances present in the wastewater, pharmaceutical residues (PR)

are becoming an emerging environmental problem due to their constant input and

persistence in the aquatic environment, even at low concentrations 1,2. Confirming these

factors, the PR were newly listed as priority and related watch-list substances of the WFD.

In this perspective, considering the chemical complexity and the significant variety of

substances classified as micro-pollutants, is relevant to focus on toxic substances that

integrate this mixture and investigate their influence in the water sources.

The present project combines the wastewater treatment via anaerobic digestion (AD) -

considering sharing knowledge, improvement in techniques and background from another

simultaneous project - with ecological toxicity analysis to evaluate the potential polluter effect

of the effluent discharged in the environment. Hence, is indispensable to identify and assess

the toxicity of this effluent before and after treatment, such control actions can be taken

based on results obtained from samples prevenient from the final effluent.

To evaluate the potential toxic impacts produced by PR in the environment, two algae,

Chlorella vulgaris and Raphidocelis subcapitata, were evaluated as bioindicators. These

organisms are found in the aquatic environment in the UK and demonstrate extensive

application in water toxicology research 2,3. Different pharmaceuticals were selected from

those proposed by Pharmaceutical Input and Elimination from Local Point Sources (Pills)

project 4,5 as priority substances.

The aim is to explore the biological effects within controlled aquatic systems containing

microalgae cultures, by measurement of its growth rate and photosynthetic activities.

Keywords: Algae, bioindicators, pharmaceuticals, toxicity, wastewater.




References

1. Samaras VG, Stasinakis AS, Mamais D, Thomaidis NS, Lekkas TD. Fate of selected

pharmaceuticals and synthetic endocrine disrupting compounds during wastewater

treatment and sludge anaerobic digestion. J. Hazard. Mater. 2013;244-245:259-67.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.11.039.

2. Kümmerer K. Pharmaceutivals in the Environment: Sources, Fate, Effects and Risks.

(Kümmerer K, ed.).; 2008.

3. OECD. Test No. 201: Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test.

OECD Publishing; 2011. doi:10.1787/9789264069923-en.

4. Nafo I, Lyko S, Evenblij H, et al. Pharmaceutical Input and Elimination from Local

Sources.; 2012.

5. Helwig K, Hunter C, Maclachlan J, et al. Micropollutant Point Sources in the Built

Environment : Identification and Monitoring of Priority Pharmaceutical Substances in Hospital

Effluents. J. Environ. Anal. Toxicol. 2013;3(177). doi:10.4172/2161.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: SHAPING THE FUTURE OF BRAZIL · The untold story of financial exclusion...

Documents

Transcript of RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: SHAPING THE FUTURE OF BRAZIL · The untold story of financial exclusion...