Effect of organic and inorganic fertilization on soil fertility and productivity of

french bean in VertisolPRAJAKTA M. METKARI AND SWATI P. DHOK

ABSTRACTThe field experiment was conducted during 2006-2007 to study the effect of organic and inorganic on soil fertility and productivity

of French bean in Vertisol. The highest grain yield, straw yield and growth parameters were observed where 150 % RDF of NPK

through chemical fertilizer including micronutrient and biofertilizers were applied. The higher level of NPK application that 150%

RDF through chemical fertilizer recorded higher available N, P and K; while absence of chemical fertilizer that use of only vermicompost

showed lower availability in soil. Application of FeSO4, ZnSO

4 and vermicompost showed higher available Fe and Zn. It can be

concluded that supply of higher quantity of NPK through chemical fertilizer was more efficient for harvesting maximum grain yield

of French bean and improving quality parameters like protein content.

INTRODUCTION

The productivity of french bean is low in

Maharashtra. Inadequate supply of nutrient is one of the

most important reasons of its low productivity under

situation of Marathwada, where the black soil (Vertisols)

are deficient in both nitrogen and phosphorus while these

are sufficient in potassium. Therefore, nitrogen and

phosphorus application is considered to be necessary for

development of french bean.

It is need of the hour to make all possible efforts to

utilize various sources for increasing nutrient levels in

plant or soil in order to increase the production and maintain

the soil fertility of french beans. Vermicompost and

chemical fertilizers along with phosphate solubalizing

bacteria and Rhizobium as a biofertilizer are essential

components which are required in large quantities for

growth and higher yield of this crop. The combined use

of organics and chemical fertilizers not only increase the

yield of crop but improve the physical, chemical and

biological properties of soil. Use of organic manures with

optimum rate of fertilizers under intensive farming system

increased the turnover of nutrients in the soil plant system.

Hence, the present investigation was undertaken to be

focus on nutrient management with organic manure,

chemical fertilizers, biofertilizers and micronutrient effect

on yield of crop and available nutrient status of soil.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The field experiment was conducted in Rabi season

of 2006 and 2007 at Experimental Farm of Department

of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, college of

Agriculture, Parbhani. The experiment was started in the

year 2006 and it was continued for the two successive

years. Since the data followed the homogeneity test,

pooling was done over two seasons and mean data are

given. The treatment consisted of T1

- no application of

manure or chemical fertilizers, T2

- NPK @ 120:60:60

Kg ha-1 (RDF through chemical fertilizers) at sowing, T3

- NPK @ 120:60:60 Kg ha-1 + Rhizobium + PSB (at

sowing), T4 -

NPK @ 120:60:60 Kg ha-1 + Zn + Fe+

Correspondence to :

SWATI P. DHOK, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Marathwada Agricultural University, PARBHANI (M.S.) INDIA

Authors’ affil iations:

PRAJAKTA M. METKARI, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Marathwada Agricultural University, PARBHANI (M.S.) INDIA

Metkari, Prajakta M. and Dhok, Swati P. (2011). Effect of organic and inorganic fertilization on Soil fertility and productivity of french bean

in Vertisol. Asian J. Soil Sci., 6(1): 80-84.

An Asian Journal of Soil ScienceVol. 6 No. 1 (June, 2011) : 80-84

Research

PaperReceived : April, 2011; Accepted : May, 2011

•HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE•

Key words : Organic and inorganic fertilizer, Soil fertility and productivity, French bean

[Asian J. Soil Sci., 6 (1); (June, 2011)]•HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE• [ 81 ]

PRAJAKTA M. METKARI AND SWATI P. DHOK

Rhizobium + PSB (at sowing ), T5 -

NPK @ 150% of T2

i.e. 180:90:90 + Zn + Fe+ Rhizobium + PSB (at sowing ),

T6 - 5 t ha-1 vermicompost + 50% of NPK of T

2 through

chemical fertilizers(at sowing ), T7 - 5 t ha-1 vermicompost

+ 50% of NPK of T2 through chemical fertilizers+ Zn +

Fe + Rhizobium + PSB (at sowing), T8

- 5 t ha-1

vermicompost + 50% of NPK of T2 through chemical

fertilizers at sowing + 50% of N through urea at flowering,

T9 –As per soil test NPK application at sowing (150 kg

N, 60 kg P2O

5 and 40 kg K

2O), T

10 -Vermicompost 10 t

ha-1 at sowing + Rhizobium + PSB, each replicated three

times in a randomized block design. The treatments in

which micronutrients were included, they were applied

as 25 kg ZnSo4 and 25 Kg FeSo

4 per ha. Rhizobium and

PSB 250 g each were inoculated per 10 kg of french

bean seed. The composition of vermicompost applied in

experiment was having N -0.95%, P2O

5-0.68% and K

2O-

0.85%. The soil was clayey in nature, slightly alkaline in

reaction (pH 7.7) and having electrical conductivity 0.25

dSm-1, in organic carbon 6.0 g kg-1, medium in available

N (145 kg ha-1), medium in available P (16.33 kg ha-1),

very high in available K (462.35 kg ha-1). Available

nitrogen of soil as described by Subbiah and Asija (1956)

and available P and K as described by Jackson (1967).

The micronutrients were estimated as per procedure

described by Lindsay and Norvell (1978). French bean

var. ‘Arka komal’ was grown at the spacing of 30 cm x

15 cm. Soil sample at 0 to 15 cm were taken before sowing

of crop, at flowering and harvest of crop.

The different growth observations viz., biomass at

flowering, plant height, number of branches, number of

pods per plant and number of grains per pod were taken

from randomly selected five plants from each plot. After

harvest of the crop the observations viz., grain yield and

straw yield per plot were calculated. Also, protein content

was determined by multiplying 6.25 to their nitrogen

content (Chopra and Kanwar, 1976).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The experimental findings obtained from the present

investigation have been discussed under following heads:

Yield and yield attributes:

The data pooled over two years and results indicating

that yield and yield parameters are presented in (Table

1). High dose of NPK (180:90:90 kg ha-1 i.e. 150% RDF)

application through chemical fertilizers recorded 15.30 q

ha-1 and 32.71 q ha-1 grain and straw yield of french bean,

respectively. Which was highest among all treatment

followed by T9 >T

4 >T

3. Grain yield with increasing level

of NPK could be ascribed to the overall improvement in

plant growth and vigour as it plays an important role in

metabolism. Similar result was found by Meena and Jat,

(2003) who reported that increase in grain and straw yield

might be due to fact that adequate availability of nutrient

which might have been taken up by plant and resulted in

greater photosynthesis which ultimately increase grain and

straw yield. Deshmukh et al. (2005) reported that

application of 100% RDF of NPK + Rhizobium + PSB

gave highest grain yield which was probably due to

Rhizobium supplied additional nitrogen from atmospheric

nitrogen fixation process and PSB solubalized insoluble

phosphate and also enhances the efficiency of added

fertilizers.

Plant height, number of branches per plant, number

of pods per plant and number of grains per pod were

recorded highest in treatment T5 which receive NPK

(180:90:90 kg ha-1 i.e. 150% RDF) application through

chemical fertilizers. The treatments T9 > T

7 > T

4 showed

maximum number of pods per plant and maximum

number of grains per pod. It was observed that, there

was no significant increase in plant height, number of pods

per plant and number of grains per pod due to organic or

chemical fertilizers, micronutrient and biofertilizer were

applied. Kumar et al. (2004) reported that all growth

attributes were significantly increased by application of

chemical nutrient sources ie. 120 N: 60 P2O

5: 45 K

2O g

per ha. in french bean. Sarkar et al. (1993) showed that

increase in growth due to N and P in combination with

Rhizobium might be due to synergistic effect of Rhizobium

inoculation. Subbarao et al. (1986) studied effect of

application of PSB and Rhizobium and observed increase

growth attributes due to increase solubilization of

phosphors by producing organic acids and growth

promoting substances.

Grain weight:

The treatment T5 with NPK (180:90:90 kg ha-1

i.e.150% RDF) application resulted in highest 100 grain

weight i.e. 26.30 g. followed by T4, T

7 and T

9. The results

on 100 grain weight indicated that the treatment where

nutrients were available in soil in sufficient quantity

produced bold seeds had higher in 100 grain weight. It

was also observed that the treatments where chemical

fertilizer were applied had higher content available

nutrients which might have absorbed by plants and results

in healthy seeds. Similar results were indicated by Sonboir

and Sarawaji (2000).

Protein content:

High dose of NPK (180:90:90 kg ha-1 i.e.150% RDF)

application resulted in highest protein content i.e. 24.43

•HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE• [ 82 ] [Asian J. Soil Sci., 6 (1); (June, 2011)]

EFFECT OF ORGANIC & INORGANIC FERTILIZATION ON SOIL FERTILITY & PRODUCTIVITY OF FRENCH BEAN IN VERTISOL

% in T5. This might be due to the highest N content in

grain. Hadwani and Gundalia (2005) reported that

application of NPK in combination had synergetic effect

of NPK interaction on N content, which enhances

vigorous growth and increasing N utilization and

translocation in to the plant. The treatments where 5 t ha-

1 vermicompost with 50% of NPK at sowing or at

flowering with or without micronutrient and biofertilizer

recorded comparatively lesser protein content in grain as

compaired to 100% RDF.

Available N content: (Table 2):

At flowering the highest value of available N content

in soil (216.95 kg ha-1) was recorded in T5 treatment

where NPK (180:90:90 kg ha-1 i.e.150% RDF) was

applied while, available N in soil was comparatively lower

where only organic nutrient source was applied. The

treatment T5 was at par with all the other treatment

combination applied except T1

and T6. Availability of N

content in soil due to chemical fertilizer in the order of

treatments were T5 >T

9 > T

4 > T

3. At harvesting stage,

treatment T5 (162.60 kg ha-1) showed highest N content

and at par with all treatments except T1 (No application

of organic and chemical fertilizers). The values of N

content in soil from organic sources were also found to

be at par with other all treatment combinations.

The available N content in soil at flowering due to

various treatments was significantly increased over its

initial content. Increase in available N particularly chemical

treatment may be due to sufficient supply of readily soluble

nitrogen through applied fertilizers. Rao (1996) noted that

application 100% RDF with vermicompost increase

available N content in soil. This was due to the addition

of chemical nitrogen along organic sources narrowed the

C:N ratio of organic manures that enhanced the rate of

mineralization resulting in rapid release of nutrients.

Available P content:

The highest available P content in soil 29.58 kg ha-1

(at flowering stage) and 18.40 kg ha-1 (at harvesting stage)

were recorded in treatment T5 where 150 % RDF of

NPK with micronutrient and biofertilizer were applied.

The availability of P content in soil due to chemical

treatments was in order T5 > T

9> T

4 > T

3 > T

2. The

available P content in soil at flowering stage was higher

and it was lowered down at harvesting stage. Also, there

was no increase in the P content of soil due to application

of Rhizobium and PSB. Prasad and Ram (1986) observed

that the inoculation of Rhizobium in combination with

nutrients slightly increased the P availability in soil and

increase activity of microorganism in Rhizosphere due to

[Asian J. Soil Sci., 6 (1); (June, 2011)]•HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE• [ 83 ]

PRAJAKTA M. METKARI AND SWATI P. DHOK

Rhizobium inoculation and their favorable effect on

solubalizing and mineralizing phosphorus compounds might

be the reason for more available P in soil.

Available K content:

The highest value of available K content in soil 521.46

kg ha-1 (at flowering stage) and 498.68 kg ha-1 (at

harvesting stage) were recorded in treatment T5 where

150 % RDF of NPK with micronutrient, PSB and

Rhizobium were applied. At flowering, the chemical

fertilizer treatments i.e. T2, T

3, T

4 and T

9 recorded higher

K content in soil as compaired to combination of 50 %

RDF with manure i.e. T6, T

7 and T

8 were also at par

with T3. There was no much effect on K content in soil

due to application of Rhizobium and PSB.

Increase in available K content in soil in the treatment

where chemical fertilizer was applied might be due to

higher quantity of potassium. Similar results were reported

by Jagadeshwari and Kumar Swamy (2000).

Available Fe content:

The Fe content in soil at flowering was higher in the

treatments where Fe was applied (T4, T

5, T

7) and T

10

where only vermicompost 10 tonnes per ha. was applied.

It was highest (3.52 kg ha-1) due to treatment T7 where 5

tonnes vermicompost and 25 kg FeSO4 were applied in

combination. At flowering as well as harvesting stage

similar trend was noticed. Deshmukh et al. (2005) noticed

that adoption of integrated nutrient management system

maintained higher level of nutrient availability in soil even

after harvest of crop.

Available Zn content:

At flowering stage, the Zn content was increased

significantly in treatment where ZnSO4 or vermicompost

alone or in combination were applied it was highest (1.21

kg ha -1) in treatment T7 which receive 5 tonnes

vermicompost and 25 kg ZnSO4 were combinely applied.

The similar trend was noticed at harvesting stage.

Biofertilizer had no significant effect on Zn content in

soil. Similar findings were reported by Subramaniam et

al. (1992).

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EFFECT OF ORGANIC & INORGANIC FERTILIZATION ON SOIL FERTILITY & PRODUCTIVITY OF FRENCH BEAN IN VERTISOL