PROCESSOF

RESEARCH

BY-ANJALI RAI

ROLL NO. 07

RESEARCH

Research is the systematic process of collecting and analysing information (data) in order to increase our understanding of the phenomenon with which we are concerned or interested.

Ten Steps in the Management Research Ten Steps in the Management Research ProcessProcess

1. Formulating the research Problem2. Extensive literature3. Development of working hypothesis4. Preparing research design5. Determine sample design6. Collecting the data7. Execution of the project8. Analysis of data9. Hypothesis testing10. Generalization and interpretation11. Preparation of the report

FORMULATING THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

Understanding the problem thoroughly.

Rephrasing the problem into meaningful terms from analytical point of view.

EXTENSIVE LITERATURE SURVEY

Abstracting and indexing journals, published or unpublished bibliographies.

One source lead to other.

DEVELOPMENT OF WORKING HYPOTHESIS

Tentative assumptions made in order to draw out its consequences.

Hypothesis guides the researcher by delimiting the area of research and to keep him on the right track.

Thinking of the subject, examination of the available data and material.

Preparing the research design

Provide for the collection of relevant evidence with minimal expenditure of effort time and money.

Suitable design is one that minimizes bias and maximizes the reliability of data.

Determining sample design

Definite plan determined before any data is actually collected for obtaining a sample from a given population.

Deliberate sampling. Simple random sampling. Systematic sampling. Stratified sampling. Quota sampling. Cluster sampling. Sequential sampling.

COLLECTING THE DATA

By observation. Through personal interview. Mailing of questionnaires. Telephone interviews. Through schedules.

EXECUTION OF THE PROJECT

Adequate and dependable data.

Careful watch for unanticipated factors to keep the survey as much realistic as possible.

ANALYSIS OF DATA

Establishment of categories and their application to raw data through coding, tabulation and then drawing statistical inferences

HYPOTHESIS TESTING

Accepting or rejecting hypothesis.

If no hypothesis to start with, generalization established on the basis of data may be stated as hypothesis to be tested.

GENERALISATION AND INTERPRETATION

Generalization refers to build a theory.

If the researcher had no hypothesis to start with he might seek to explain his findings on the basis of some theory-INTERPRETATION.

PREPARATION 0F THE REPORT

Preliminary pages.1. Title and date.2. Acknowledgement.3. Foreword.4. Table of contents

Main text.1. Introduction.2. Summary of findings.3. Main report. 4. Conclusion

End matter

1. Appendices

2. Bibliography

THANK YOU