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A STUDY ON POST- NATAL CARE
AWARNESS AMONG RURAL WOMEN
A STUDY ON 1O RURAL WOMEN FOR
AWARNESS
REGARDING POST NATAL CARE, BIL VILLAGE,
VADODARA
A RESEARCH REPORT SUBMITTED TO
N.S. PATEL ARTS COLLEGE
RESEARCH GUIDE RESEARCHER
AMIT PATEL VIPUL SOLANKI
N.S.PATEL ARTS COLLEGE, ANAND
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WORK
BSW & MSW PROGRAMME- 2010-2011
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NAME: VIPUL SOLANKI
CLASS: MSW- II SEMESTER
ROLL NO: 266
FIELD WORK AGENCY: SHROFFS FOUNDATION TRUST
FIELD WORK SUPERVISOR: MR. AMIT PATEL
AGENCY SUPERVISOR: DR. GAURANG RANAPURVALA
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PREFACE
Postnatal is the period beginning immediately after the birth of a childand extending for about six weeks. During this period women should
care for her new born child as well as herself, she has to take
nutritional food during this time because after child birth they feel
week and they have to feed their child eight to ten time in a day,
there is a need of nutritional food for the mother and new born child
for good health and their further development. There is a warm
environment in the mothers womb but after the birth, child comes ina new environment and it is difficult for child to adjust with it so s/he
has to face many, some time child is death because the lack of post-
natal care. WHO and Indian government have been worked
collaborative efforts for the decreased infant and maternal mortality
rate of our country. There are various organizations worked for the
same purpose in our country.
Here the researcher is focusing only to the rural women because therural women are mostly illiterate so that they are misguided by the
DAYA or the old women. Therefore, it creates problems for the mother
as well as new born child.
This study can be helpful for generating awareness among the
pregnant women especially to the rural women as well as those
organizations, worked for the betterment of the pregnant women and
their new baby born. The researcher basically wants to find out the
problems of the women during their pregnancy and after the
pregnancy that can be helpful for preparing the strategy for their
upliftment of the government or many organizations.
VIPUL
SOLANKI
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
At this juncture where I am submitting my Research Report, I
authentically feel that this report would not have been feasible
without the support, keen guidance and proper direction of my field
work supervisor and Shroffs Foundation Trust.
Firstly I would like to thank the Sarpanch of Bil village panchayat for
putting trust in me and granting me the permission to collect the
information as well as helping me to build a clear rapport with the
Respondents.
Foremost, I would extend my bottomless respect and gratitude to for
providing Dr. Gaurang Ranapurvalaal, Project Manager of
Shroffs- Foundation Trust me with excellent infrastructural
facilities and training in the field.
I sincerely thank Mr. Hashmukh Bhrambhatt, Field Worker of
Shroff Foundation Trust, Kalali who was concern for the students,
has always made me perform at my level best.
I acknowledge my deepest indebtedness to Mr. Amit Patel, whose
immense support, wide knowledge, methodology and proper
guidance helped me a lot to complete Research systematically to the
best of my ability in a proper way.
I am also thankful to all the Respondents without whom this study
would not have been possible.
VIPUL
SOLANKI
INDEX
CHAPTER NO.
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PARTICULARS
PAGE NO.
*
Preface
3
*
Acknowledgement
4
*
Index
5
*
List of Tables
6
I
Introduction/ Research Methodology
8
II
Research Setting
20
III
Data Analysis And Interpretation
25
IV
Findings, Suggestions and Conclusions
51
ANNEXURE-I
Bibliography
55
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ANNEXURE-II
Interview Schedule
56
LIST OF TABLES
SR. NO.
PARTICULARS
PAGE NO.
1
The table showing Age of Respondents
2
The table showing Education of Respondents
3
The table showing Occupation of Respondents
4
The table showing Cast of Respondents
5
The table showing Religions of Respondents
6
The table showing Respondents awareness about Postnatal care
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7
The table showing by whom Respondents aware about Postnatal Care
8
The table showing the place of pregnancy (delivery)
9
The table showing the time of Breast feeding
10
The table showing the measure of child weight at the time of birth
11
The table showing when Bath given to child
12
The table showing time of Breast feeding
13
The table showing period of Breast feeding
14
The table showing the time of giving water to child
15
The table showing awareness about Vaccination
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16
The table showing number of Respondents Vaccine their child
17
The table showing the time of Vaccination
18
The table showing the awareness regarding Nutritional food
19
The table showing when Respondents started to give nutrition food to
child
20
The table showing registration for Mamta Card
21
The table showing registration of child birth at Anganwadi
22
The table showing child weight has done every month
23
The table showing the number of Respondents take Nutrition food
24
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The table showing the number of Respondents take doctor guidance
25
The table showing the number of Respondents take Vitamin tablet
26
The table showing the number of Respondents get Nutrition food to
Anganwadi
INTRODUCTION
Postnatal (Latin for after birth, from post meaning after and natal
meaning of birth) is the period beginning immediately after the
birth of a child and extending for about six week. Another term would
be postpartum period, as it refers to the mother (whereas postnatal
refer to the infant). Less frequently used is Puerperium.
Biologically, it is the time after birth, a time in which the mothers
body, including women level and uterus size, retunes to pre
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pregnancy condition. Lohia is post-partum virginal discharge,
containing blood, mucus and placental tissue.
In scientific literature the term is commonly abbreviated to px. So
that day P5 should be read as the fifth day after birth; this is not beconfused with medical nomenclature which used G P to stand for
number of pregnancy and outcome of pregnancy.
Postnatal Care (Puerperium)
The puerperium covers the 6-week period following birth during which
time the various changes that occurred during pregnancy revert to
the non-pregnant state. Physiological changes during this time
include:
The cardiovascular system reverts to normal during the first 2
weeks. The extra load on the heart from extra volume of blood
disappears by the second week.
The vaginal wall is initially swollen, bluish and pouting but
rapidly regains its tone although remaining fragile for 1-2
weeks. Perinea edema may persist for some days.
After delivery of the placenta, the uterus is at the size of 20-
week pregnancy, but reduces in size on abdominal examination
by 1 finger-breadth each day such that on the 12th day it
cannot be palpated. By end of puerperium it is only slightly
larger than pre-pregnancy.
For the first 3-4 days, lochia comprises mainly blood and
remnants of trophoblastic tissue. During days 3-12 the colour is
reddish-brown but then changes to yellow. Occasionally, lochia
may become red again for a few days due to thrombi at end of
vessels breaking.
Postnatal Care
Women should be offered information to enable them to
promote their own and their babies' health and well-being andto recognize and respond to problems.
http://www.patient.co.uk/DisplayConcepts.asp?WordId=PATIENT%20CURRENTLY%20PREGNANT&MaxResults=50http://www.patient.co.uk/DisplayConcepts.asp?WordId=PATIENT%20CURRENTLY%20PREGNANT&MaxResults=50 -
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At the first postnatal contact, women should be advised of the
signs and symptoms, and appropriate action for potentially life-
threatening conditions.
All maternity care providers should encourage breastfeeding.
At each postnatal contact, women should be asked about their
emotional well-being, what family and social support they have
and their usual coping strategies for dealing with day-to-day
matters.
Women and their families/partners should be encouraged to tell
their healthcare professional about any changes in mood,
emotional state and behavior that are outside of the woman's
normal pattern.
At each postnatal contact, parents should be offered
information and advice to enable them to:
o Assess their baby's general condition.
o Identify signs and symptoms of common health problems
seen in babies.
o Contact a healthcare professional or emergency service if
required.
Maternal activity
The mother should start walking about as soon as possible, go to
the toilet when necessary and rest when she needs to. She may
prefer to stay in bed for the first 24 hours or longer if she has an
extensive perinea repair.
This is an important time for the women to be encouraged to
breastfeed and learn to care for her infant.
Uterine contractions continue after birth and some women suffer
after-pains, particularly when breastfeeding, and may require
analgesics.
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Breast and bottle feeding
Women who chose to breast or bottle feed often need a lot of
advice and support, especially with their first baby (but
experienced mothers shouldn't be assumed to know everythingand support and advice should always be available).
Breastfeeding should be strongly encouraged (first time mothers
may need a lot of support and encouragement initially).
Breastfeeding has many advantages, including:
o Boosts the baby's immune system.
o Reduction of autoimmune disorders later in life.
o Reduces risk ofcot death.
o Reduces gastrointestinal problems.
o Promotes bonding between the mother and her baby.
Breast engorgement may cause a lot of discomfort but is usually
relieved by good bra support and analgesia.
Women who are unable to breastfeed or prefer to bottle feed alsoneed support and advice, including feeding routines and sterilizing.
Mother's Health
The first few days after birth are consumed with the joy of being a mother.
After the 'blues typically around day 3 (feeling weepy because of the big
drop in hormones), the job of motherhood gets underway in earnest. While
all this is happening the body is rapidly returning to normal. Whether the
delivery is by Caesarean or vaginal the vaginal bleeding should start to
settle and reduce in the first week. Although it may last for 4 - 6 weeks, it
should gradually reduce with time. If it increases in the first weeks you
should return to your doctor for assessment. This is called a secondary post
(= after) partum (= delivery) hemorrhage (= blood loss) and may indicate
that there is some infection in the womb.
http://www.patient.co.uk/DisplayConcepts.asp?WordId=SUDDEN%20INFANT%20DEATH&MaxResults=50http://www.pregnancycare.eu/glossary/http://www.pregnancycare.eu/glossary/http://www.patient.co.uk/DisplayConcepts.asp?WordId=SUDDEN%20INFANT%20DEATH&MaxResults=50http://www.pregnancycare.eu/glossary/http://www.pregnancycare.eu/glossary/ -
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The womb itself reduces in size (involutes), returning to normal by about 6
weeks. The breasts will swell and engorge with milk, which starts to flow
after about 3 days (Colostrums, the milky fluid in the breast before birth, is
released in the first couple of days). There will be considerable weight loss
in the first couple of weeks, but then the weight loss slows.
Wound healing andinfection
Whether the wound is from a Caesarean or vaginal delivery, it tends to heal
rapidly as the mother is young. If infection occurs (about 5%), it is usually
the patient's own bugs taking advantage of the healing skin. The body
delays healing, so that it can deal with the infection, It is important
therefore to control any infection sooner rather than later. This is often by
local means (keeping the area clean, washing), but will sometimes require
antibiotics. Bruising can also cause some extra pain. Arnica may help the
body to absorb the bruise and quicken healing. Bladder infections are also
common; you should contact your doctor if you have symptoms (wanting to
go often, pain passing urine). Breast infection (mastitis) occurs when the
bugs on mother's skin get in through the nipple and infects the gland.
Antibiotics are usually necessary to help with this problem.
Breast-feeding
There is abundant evidence that breast-feeding is beneficial for both the
mother and baby. However in the developed world the differences between
bottle-fed and breast fed babies is small, so mums who cannot breast-feed
for whatever reason should be reassured that they are not endangering
their baby in any way.
For the mother, breast-feeding helps with bonding to the baby, weight loss
and in the long term they have a reduced risk of developing breast cancer.
There is also the practical advantage of not having to sterilize bottles etc.
For the newborn baby, breast is best, containing the added value of
mother's antibodies, which help protect the baby from infection. Breast fed
babies are less likely to be seen in hospital with infection.
In the long term it would appear that there is no difference between breast-
fed and bottle-fed babies.
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Leg clots - Deep Vein thrombosis
When we cut our skin, the blood clotting products are activated so that a
clot forms and we stop bleeding. Sometimes the clotting system
malfunctions and produces a blood clot (thrombosis) in the veins in thebody, typically in the deep veins in the leg, a deep vein thrombosis or DVT.
If the clot breaks away it will travel to the lung (a pulmonary embolus),
where it will block some of the lung's ability to provide oxygen for the body.
This can be a life threatening complication.
Situations that increase the likelihood of a DVT includes air travel (economy
class syndrome) clotting factor defects, being immobile for whatever reason
and pregnancy. In pregnancy a woman is at particular risk after having her
baby, particularly if there has been a long labour, a forceps delivery or
Caesarean section (see Labour and Delivery).
If you are considered to be at increased risk of having a DVT you will be
given heparin or a derivative of heparin (low molecular weight heparin).
Heparin is a compound that occurs naturally in the body, which acts as a
balance for the clotting system. By giving the patient extra heparin (by
injection), we can reduce the risk of you getting a clot.
If you are unfortunate and suffer a DVT you may have to be placed on
stronger anti-clotting (or anti-coagulant) drugs such as Warfarin.
Coping with baby
After the excitement of being pregnant, after the ecstasy and anxiety of
labour and delivery, after the indescribable joy of seeing your own child
alive in your arms, you realize that you have a living human who you are
responsible for, an awesome challenge. There are major changes in lifestyle
as you learn to adapt to your new situation. Both parents will be shocked by
the extent to which their life is altered, an even greater challenge for the
single parent. It is important to recognize the strain and keep talking to
each other about the change in your life, especially in the first few months
of the baby's life. Within months everyone adapts and life becomes more
enjoyable.
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Postnatal depression
About three days after birth, when the hormone levels from pregnancy
rapidly return to their normal pre-pregnancy values, the new mother may
feel weepy for no particular reason. This is called 'The Blues' and usuallyonly lasts a day or two.
Many women feel mildly depressed in the first few months after birth,
reflecting the great strain brought about by becoming a mother. For some
women many repressed issues surrounding their own personality and
childhood experiences can no longer be hidden away and must be
addressed.
If you feel this way you are not alone. Please talk to someone and get
professional help, so that you can enjoy your experience of being a mother
(and father, as the case may be). A very small number of women develop
severe depression or psychosis after delivery, typically becoming quiet,
withdrawn and inappropriate in their behaviour. These women need
specialist psychiatric help, often requiring formal admission and drug
therapy to restore the mother to her normal self.
POSTNATAL CARE FOR MOTHER
Wounds to the uterus, perineum (the area between the vagina and
anus) and vagina heal rapidly. Exercising the vagina will help it regain
its original shape quickly. After delivering the child, the levels of the
hormone progesterone are restored to normal. Hence, a number of
problems related to pregnancy disappear on their own. Heartburns
vanish, varicose veins get better and constipation is reduced. Piles
take a longer time to get better. During pregnancy, hormones soften
the joints of the pelvis and spine, and these take time to return to
normal. You can have trouble with your back for many months after
delivery, so one should avoid lifting and carrying things that are very
heavy. The stomach muscles that have been stretched to twice their
length, regain their firmness in a few months.
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A Healthy Diet
A healthy diet for the new mother is essential to recuperate from the
physical strains of pregnancy. One should take a nutritious diet
containing bread, cereals, potatoes, fresh fruits and vegetables,beans, lentils, dry fruits etc. Milk and dairy foods, meat, fish and other
protein alternatives are also essential. These fruits easily make up for
most part of your diet. It is important to eat five meal portions in a
day. Eat in moderate amounts and choose lower fat version wherever
possible.
Excess Pregnancy Weight
Most of the weight is lost within a few days of childbirth, as the
excess water carried during pregnancy is flushed out as urine.
Thereafter, weight loss slows down, but if you continue to breastfeed
your baby for more than six months, you will find that your weight in
decreasing naturally. However, regaining your originally weight may
take some time and effort from your side.
Emotional Healing
The entire process of being pregnant and childbirth is an emotional
time. It will help if you have someone to talk to about how you feel
and what your fears and apprehensions are. If you cannot find anyone
to talk, write it down. Even this will help you feel better. Some
maternity homes allow the new parents to speak about the
experience they had. Doing this helps to reduce the emotional impact
for the parents. If the parents are dissatisfied by the care given to
them at the maternity home, they can express their concerns.
VACCINATION
Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material (a vaccine) to
stimulate adaptive immunity to a disease. Vaccines can prevent or
ameliorate the effects of infection by many pathogens. There is strong
evidence for the efficacy of many vaccines, such as the influenza vaccine,
the HPV vaccine and the chicken pox vaccine among others. Vaccination is
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_immune_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunity_(medical)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_vaccinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HPV_vaccinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varicella_vaccinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_immune_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunity_(medical)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_vaccinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HPV_vaccinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varicella_vaccine -
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generally considered to be the most effective method of preventing
infectious diseases. The material administered can either be live but
weakened forms of pathogens (bacteria or viruses), killed or inactivated
forms of these pathogens, or purified material such as proteins.
The word vaccination was first used by Edward Jenner in 1796. Louis Pasteur
furthered the concept through his pioneering work in microbiology.
Vaccination (Latin: vaccacow) is so named because the first vaccine was
derived from a virus affecting cowsthe relatively benign cowpox virus
which provides a degree of immunity to smallpox, a contagious and deadly
disease. In common speech, 'vaccination' and 'immunization' generally have
the same colloquial meaning. This distinguishes it from inoculation which
uses unweakened live pathogens, although in common usage either is used
to refer to an immunization. The word "vaccination" was originally used
specifically to describe the injection ofsmallpox vaccine.
Vaccination efforts have been met with some controversy since their
inception, on scientific, ethical, political, medical safety, religious, and other
grounds. In rare cases, vaccinations can injure people and, in the United
States, they may receive compensation for those injuries under the National
Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. Early success and compulsionbrought widespread acceptance, and mass vaccination campaigns were
undertaken which are credited with greatly reducing the incidence of many
diseases in numerous geographic regions.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Title:
A Study on Postnatal Care awareness among rural women
Sub Title:
A study on 10 Respondents for Postnatal care awareness among
women of Bil village of Vadodara district.
Significance of the study:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowpoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inoculationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_controversyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Vaccine_Injury_Compensation_Programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Vaccine_Injury_Compensation_Programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination_Acthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowpoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inoculationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_controversyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Vaccine_Injury_Compensation_Programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Vaccine_Injury_Compensation_Programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination_Act -
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Women should be offered information to enable them to promote
their own and their babies' health and well-being and to recognise
and respond to problems. At the first postnatal contact, women
should be advised of the signs and symptoms, and appropriate actionfor potentially life-threatening conditions. All maternity care providers
should encourage breastfeeding. At each postnatal contact, women
should be asked about their emotional well-being, what family and
social support they have and their usual coping strategies for dealing
with day-to-day matters. Women and their families/partners should
be encouraged to tell their healthcare professional about any changes
in mood, emotional state and behaviour that are outside of the
woman's normal pattern. At each postnatal contact, parents should
be offered information and advice to enable them to:
Assess their baby's general condition.
Identify signs and symptoms of common health problems seen
in babies.
Contact a healthcare professional or emergency service if
required.
Objectives of study:
To study various factors that affect child and Mother Life.
To know the awareness among villagers for Child health Care.
To know that whether the parents provides their child better
nutrition food or not.
To know the effectiveness of health facilities provided by
Government.
Research Design:
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The research design was exploratory cum descriptive in nature as it
explores various facts and opinions regarding postnatal care and
parents nutrition practice for their 1 -6 years children.
Universe:
The universe of the study was lactating mothers of Bil village of
Vadodara disrict.
Sample and Sampling:
My samples for the study were 10 Lactating mothers of the Bil village.
The sampling procedure for the study was simple random sampling.
Variables:
1. Independent variable: It includes all personal information
like Age, Qualification, and Occupation.
2. Dependent variable:The aspect that studies was Postnatal Care
awareness.
Tool of data collection:
1)Primary source: Structured interview schedule of objective
questions.
2) Secondary source:
a. Websites of organization
b. Annual reports of the organization.
Reference period:
The data was collected from 1st Feb 2011 to 28th Feb 2011.
Limitations of the study:
Less time period for data collection.
The Respondents were not able to answer properly due to the
threat of management.
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The Respondents were hesitant to give the sufficient answer to
the question.
There were no any relation between researcher and the
Respondents.
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RESEARCH SETTING
BIL VILLAGE
PROFILE OF VILLAGE
The rural community of society is different from that of the urban
society in many ways through there are similarities also but the
difference is vast. The major differences are occupational difference
in the density of population, difference in the system of social
interaction, difference in the direction at migration etc. The rural
community is attracted towards the urban community through the
dwelling is worse than rural areas but in urban area these are other
facilities which attracts rural people i.e. economic development and
industrialization.
DEFINITION
Rural community can be defined as a group of people living in contiguousgeographical area and interacting to meet their needs.
CHARACTERISTICS
1) Definite geographical area
2) Sense of we feeling
3) Joint family system
4) Faith in religion
5) Importance of nature
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6) Impact of conservation
7) Loss of self sufficiency
8) Simplicity
9) Local self government
10)Peace and simplicity
BASIC INFORMATION
OCCUPATION
The major occupations of village are,
1) Agriculture
2) Service in private and government sector
3) Labour work
4) Industrial labour work
5) Animal husbandry
RELIGIONS
Hindu
Christian
Muslim
TYPES OF HOUSE
Kachcha house
Pakka house
Majority of the Total population have very good well constructed
housing facility
FACILITIES
ELECTRICITY:
Electricity facility was started from 1964 and also street light facility
is available in the village for 24 hours under Jyoti Gram Scheme
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DRAINAGE SYSTEM
In the whole village some areas under ground drainage system is
available and other some areas open drainage system is available.
TELE COMMUNICATION
Tele communication facility is available in the village. Landline and
cellular phones are available
WATER FACILITIES
The water facility is also available in the village through underground
pipe line, water supply in all the areas.
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
There are two schools one is primary schools which provide1 to7
standers education and other is high school which provides 8 to 12
standers education.
MANDALS OF VILLAGE
Sakhi Mahila Mandal
Ladies bhajan mandal
Yuvak mandal
PROBLEMS OF VILLAGE
Alcoholism
Addiction
Gambling
Girl Illiteracy
CO-OPERATIVEINSTITUTION
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MILK DAIRY OF BIL VILLAGE:-
STRUCTURE OF DAIRY
Chairman
Mr. Maheshbhai Fulabhai Patel
Secretary
Mr. Ravjibhai Vasava
Helper
Mr. Bhupendabhai Padhiyar
Clerk
Mr. Fulabhai patel
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF BIL VILLAGE
Gram Panchayat
Elected Body Government Members
Sarpanch Talati
Mrs. Dharmisthaben patel Mr.Rameshbhai Mori
Deputy Sarpanch Gram Sevak
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Mr. Shanabhai Vasava Mr. Dilipbhai Bhatt
Panchyat Members Clerk
1. Mrs. Anitaben Parmar Mr. Rajubhai Patel
2. Mr. Arvindbhai Gohel
3. Mr. Kanjibhai Vasava Peon
4. Mr. Bhpendrabhai Vasava Mr. Melabhai Parmar
5. Mr. Vipul Vyash
6. Mr. Mustufbhai Vohra
7. Mr. Somantbhai Dodia
8. Mr. Dineshbhai Gohel
9. Mrs. Dariyaben Tadvi
10. Mr. Prashantbhai Rabari
11. Mr. Somabhai Gohel
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Table 1
The table showing age of the Respondents
Sr.
No.
Age (Years)
Frequency
Percentage (%)
1
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20 to 25 years
03
30%
2
25 to 30 years
05
50%
3
30 to 35 years
01
10%
4
35 to 40 years
01
10%
Total
10
100%
From the above table, it can be interpreted that 05[50%] Respondents
were in the age group of 25-30 years, While 03[30%] of the
Respondents is in age group of 20-25 years.
Thus, it can be concluded that majority of the Respondents i.e.50%
were in the age group of 25-30 years
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Table 2
The table showing the education of the Respondents
Sr.
No.
Education
Frequency
Percentage (%)
1
Illiterate
04
40 %
2
Literate
01
10%
3
Informal
01
10%
4
Primary [1 to 7]
02
20%
5
Secondary [8 to 10]
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02
20%
Total
10
100%
From the above table it can be interpreted that 04[40%] Respondents
are illiterate, while 01[10%] Respondents had informal education.
01[10%] of the Respondents had taken secondary education, 02[20%]
of the Respondents had taken primary education, While, 02[20%] of
the Respondents had taken secondary education.
Thus it can be concluded that majority of the Respondents i.e.40%
were illiterate.
Table 3
The table showing the occupation of Respondents
Sr.
No.
Occupation
Frequency
Percentage (%)
1
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House Wife
04
40%
2
Labor
06
60%
Total
10
100%
From the above table it can be interpreted that 04[40%] Respondents
were house wives while 06[60%] of the Respondents were doing labor
work.
Thus it can be concluded that majority of the Respondents i.e.60%
were house wives.
Table 4
The table showing the caste of Respondents
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Sr.
No.
Caste
Frequency
Percentage (%)
1
General Caste
03
30%
2
Schedule Caste
02
20%
3
Schedule tribal
04
40%
4
Other Backward Caste
01
10%
Total
100
100%
From the above table it can be interpreted that 04[40%] Respondents
belonged to Schedule tribal, 03[30%] of Respondents belonged to
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general caste while the 02[2%] of the Respondents belonged to
schedule caste and 01[10%] of the Respondents belong to other
backward caste.
Thus, it can be concluded that majority of the Respondents i.e.40%
belonged to Schedule tribal.
Table 5
The table showing the religion of Respondents
Sr.
No.
Religion
Frequency
Percentage (%)
1
Hindu Religion
09
90%
2
Muslim
01
10%
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Total
10
100%
From the above table it can be interpreted that 09[90%] belonged to
Hindu religion while 01[10%] of the Respondents belonged to Muslim
religion.
Thus, it can be concluded that majority of the Respondents i.e.90%
belonged to Hindu religion.
Table 6
The table showing that Respondents aware about Postnatal
care
Sr.
No.
Awareness
Frequency
Percentage (%)
1
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Yes
04
40%
2
No
06
60%
Total
10
100%
From the above table it can be interpreted that 06[60%] of the
Respondents are not aware about Postnatal Care. 04[40%] of the
Respondents are aware about Postnatal Care.
Thus it can be concluded that majority 60% of the Respondents has no
Awareness about Postnatal Care.
Table 7
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The table showing that who made aware the Respondents
about Postnatal Care
Sr.
No.
Person
Frequency
Percentage (%)
1
PHC worker
01
10%
2
Aaganwadi worker
01
10%
3
Doctor
02
20%
4
Not applicable
06
60%
Total
10
100%
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From the above table it can be interpreted that 02[20%] of the
Respondents has informed by Doctor about Postnatal Care, while
01[10%] of the Respondents has informed by Aanganwadi worker and
PHC worker.
Thus it can be concluded that majority 60% has no information or
awareness regarding Postnatal Care.
Table 8
The table showing the place of Delivery (Pregnancy) of the
respondents
Sr.
No.
Place
Frequency
Percentage (%)
1
At Home
08
80%
2
At Hospital
02
20%
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Total
10
100%
From the above table it can be interpreted that 08[80%] had their
pregnancy at Home, while 02[20%] of the Respondents had their
pregnancy at Hospital.
Thus it can be concluded that majority of the Respondents i.e.80% had
their pregnancy at Home.
Table 9
Table showing the time of breast feeding to child by mother
Sr.
No.
Time Duration
Frequency
Percentage (%)
1
Immediately
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08
80%
2
After 30 minute
01
10%
3
After one hour
01
10%
Total
10
100%
From the above table it can be interpreted that 08[80%] Respondentsfeed their child immediately, while 01[10%] of the Respondents has
feed after 3o minutes and One hour.
Thus it can be concluded that 80% Respondents are aware about
importance of Breast feeding.
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Table 10
Table showing the weight have measured at the time of Birth
Sr.
No.
Measurement of the weight of your child
Frequency
Percentage (%)
1
Yes
05
50%
2
No
05
50%
Total
10
100%
From the above table it can be interpreted that 05[50%] Respondents
has measured the weight of their child and 05[50%] has not.
Thus it can be concluded that the Respondents i.e. 50% has aware
about Postnatal Care.
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Table 11
The table showing the Respondents when give Bath to their
child.
Sr.
No.
Time
Frequency
Percentage (%)
1
Immediately
1
10%
2
After one hour
3
30%
3
After one day
6
60%
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Total
10
100%
From the above table it can be interpreted that majority of the
Respondents i.e. 06[60%] gives bath after one day, while the 03[30%]
of the Respondents gives after one hour, and 01[10%] has
immediately.
Thus it can be concluded that majority of the Respondents i.e. 60% are
not aware about when child has to bath after pregnancy.
Table 12
The table showing the time of breast feeding in a day
Sr.
No.
Time
Frequency
Percentage (%)
1
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One time
01
10%
2
Four time
01
10%
3
Six time
04
40%
4
Ten time
04
40%
Total
10
100%
From the above table it can be interpreted that 04[40%] has feed their
child six to ten time, while 01[10%] has one to four time.
Thus it can be concluded that majority of the Respondents i.e. 40% are
aware about the important of Breast feeding.
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Table -13
The table showing the time period of Breast feeding
Sr.
No.
Time period
Frequency
Percentage (%)
1
Three month
01
10%
2
Six month
01
10%
3
Eight month
04
40%
4
One year
04
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40%
Total
10
100%
From the above table it can be interpreted that 04[40%]) had give
eight tone month Breast feeding to their child, while 01[10%] had give
three to six month.
Thus, it can be concluded that majority of the Respondents i.e. 40%
had give Breast feeding for more than 01 year.
Table 14
Table showing when mother started to gives water to child
Sr.
No.
From the time
Frequency
Percentage (%)
1
After one month
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01
01%
2
After six month
09
90%
Total
10
100%
From the above table it can be interpreted that 09[90%] has give
water to their child after one year, while 01[10%] of the Respondents
give after one month.
Thus, it can be concluded that majority of the Respondents i.e. 90%
are know that when started to give water to child.
Table 15
The table showing Respondents are aware about Mother and
child Vaccination.
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Sr.
No.
Mother and Child Vaccination awareness
Frequency
Percentage (%)
1
Yes
05
50%
2
No
05
50%
Total
10
100%
From the above table it can be interpreted that 05[50%] Respondents
have knowledge about Mother and Child vaccination, while 05[50%]
are no knowledge about Vaccination.
Thus it can be concluded that 50% of Respondents has knowledge and
no knowledge about Mother and Child Vaccination.
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Table 16
The table showing the number of Respondents vaccine their
child
Sr.
No.
Vaccination
Frequency
Percentage (%)
1
Yes
10
100%
2
No
00
00%
Total
10
100%
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From the above the table it can be interpreted that 10[100%]
Respondents has vaccine their child.
Thus it can be concluded that majority of Respondents i.e. 100% are
aware about important of vaccination.
Table 17The table showing the time period when Respondents started
to vaccine their child
Sr.
No.
Period of vaccination
Frequency
Percentage (%)
1
One month
09
90%
2
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Second month
01
10%
Total
10
100%
From the above table it can be interpreted that 09[90%] Respondents
are currently taking vaccination and it was started from the one month
of the Birth, while 01[10%] of the Respondents have started to take
vaccination from second month.
Thus it can be concluded that majority of the Respondents i.e. 90% are
Respondents are understand the important of the vaccination.
Table 18
The table showing that Respondents have information
regarding the Nutrition food
Sr.
No.
Nutrition food knowledge
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Frequency
Percentage (%)
1
Yes
03
30%
2
No
07
70%
3
Total
10
100%
From the above table it can be interpreted that 07[70%] Respondents
have information regarding the nutrition food, while 03[30 %] have no
any information regarding it.
Thus it can be concluded that majority of the Respondents i.e. 70%
have know about nutrition food.
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Table 19
The table showing that when Respondents started to give
Nutrition food to their children
Sr.
No.
Started Nutrition food
Frequency
Percentage (%)
1
After six month
3
30%
2
After eight month
2
20%
3
After one year
5
50%
Total
100
100%
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From the above table it can be interpreted that 05[50%] are started to
give nutrition food to their children after year, while 03[30%]
Respondents started to give from six month and other 02[20%]
started to give after eight month.
Thus it can be concluded that majority of the Respondents i.e. 50%
have started to give nutrition food on perfect time.
Table 20
The table showing the Respondents register for MAMTA Card
Sr.
No.
Register for MAMTA Cards
Frequency
Percentage (%)
1
Yes
09
90%
2
No
01
10%
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Total
10
100%
From the above table it can be interpreted that 09[90%] have register
for MAMTA Card, while 01[10%] have not register.
Thus it can be concluded that majority of Respondents i.e. 100% has
register for MAMTA Card.
Table 21
The table showing Respondents register their child birth date
at Aanganwadi
Sr.
No.
Respondents register child Birth Date
Frequency
Percentage (%)
1
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Yes
04
40%
2
No
06
60%
Total
10
100%
From the above table it can be interpreted that majority of the
Respondents i.e. 06[60%] did not register their child birth Date
Aanganwadi, while 04[40%] has register their chil Birth Date.
Thus it can be concluded that majority of the Respondents i.e. 60% did
not register their child name.
Table 22
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The table showing the Respondents has weight their child
every month
Sr.
No.
Every month weight
Frequency
Percentage (%)
1
Yes
08
80%
2
No
02
20%
Total
10
100%
From the above table it can be interpreted that 08[80%] did measures
their child weight every month at Aanganwadi, while other 02[20%]
did no measures their child weight.
Thus it can be concluded that majority number of Respondents i.e.
50% are aware about child growth.
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Table 23
The table showing Respondents take Nutrition food.
Sr.
No.
Respondents take Nutrition Nutritional food
Frequency
Percentage (%)
1
Yes
05
50%
2
No
05
50%
Total
10
100%
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From the above table it can be interpreted that equal numbers of the
Respondents i.e. 05[50%] take Nutrition food and other did not take.
Thus it can be concluded that equal number of the Respondents i.e.
50% did not take Nutrition food.
Table 24
The table showing whether Respondents take doctor
guidance
Sr.
No.
Doctor Guidance
Frequency
Percentage (%)
1
Yes
02
20%
2
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No
08
80%
Total
10
100%
From the above table it can be interpreted that 08[80%] not in doctor
guidance, while 02[20%] of the Respondents in the guidance of doctor.
Thus it can be concluded that majority of the Respondents i.e. 80% are
not take doctor guidance.
Table 25
The table showing that Respondents take a vitamin tablets
Sr.
No.
Vitamin tablets take
Frequency
Percentage (%)
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1
Yes
02
20%
2
No
08
80%
Total
10
100%
From the above table it can be interpreted that 08[80%] not take
vitamin tablets, while 02[20%] has take vitamin tablets.
Thus it can be concluded that majority of the Respondents i.e. 80%
not take vitamin tablets.
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Table-26
The table showing Respondents is get nutrition food from
Aanganvadi.
Sr.
No.
Respondents get food from Aanganwadi
Frequency
Percentage (%)
1
Yes
10
10%
2
No
00
00%
Total
10
100%
From the above table it can be interpreted that 10[100%] have get
Nutrition food from the Aanganwadi.
Thus it can be concluded that majority of the Respondents i.e. 100%
have take the benefit of the government policy.
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FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION
FINDINGS
1) Age of Respondents- 50% of the Respondents fall in the
age group of 25-30 years.
2) Education of Respondents- 60% of the Respondents are
literate.
3) Occupation of Respondents- 60% of the Respondents are
involved in labor work.
4) Cast of Respondents-40% of the Respondents are
belonged to General Caste and tribal.
5) Religion of Respondents- 90% of the Respondents are
Hindu Religion.
6) Post-natal Care awareness- 60% of Respondents are not
aware about Postnatal Care.
7) Aware by- 20% of the Respondents are award by
Aanganwadi worker for Postnatal Care.
8) Place of Pregnancy- 80% of the Respondents had their
pregnancy at Home.
9) Time of Breast feeding- 80% of the Respondents feed
their child immediately.
10) Weight Measurement- 50% of the Respondents had
weight their child at the time of birth, while50 5 had not weighttheir child.
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11) Time of Bath- 60% of Respondents had give bath to their
child after one week.
12) Time of Breast feeding- 60% of Respondents give Breast
feeding their child in a day.
13) Duration of Breast feeding- 40% of the Respondents has
not feed their child still one year.
14) Time of give Water- 90% of the Respondents stared to
give water to child after six month.
15) Vaccination information- 50% of the Respondents know
and did not about Mother and Child Vaccination.
16) Child Vaccination - 100% of the Respondents vaccine their
child.
17) Time of Vaccination- 90% of the Respondents started
vaccination from the One month.
18) Nutrition food information- 70% of Respondents did not
know about nutrition food.
19) Time of nutrition food- 50% of the Respondents not
started to give Nutrition food to child from one month.
20) Registration for MAMTA Card- 90% of the Respondents
registered for the MAMTA Card.
21) Registration of child Birth- 60% of the Respondents did
not register their child Birth date at Aanganwadi.
22) Monthly weight measurement- 80% of the Respondents
did measure their child weight on every month.
23) Nutrition food- 50% of the Respondents did take and didnt
take Nutrition food.
24) Doctor guidance- 80% of the Respondents did not take a
guidance of the doctors and PHC worker.
25) Vitamin tablet- 80% of the Respondents did not takevitamin tablets.
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26) Feeding during child Sickness- 50% of the Respondents
feeding and not feeding their child during his sickness.
27) Get Nutrition food- 100% of the Respondents did get
Nutrition food from the Aanganwadi.
SUGGESTIONS
Nutrition food is most important for the pregnant women and
by that they can get vitamins and maintain their health, and
weight can also increase.
Minerals and Vitamins that can help maintain & improve health.
There should be a regular medical checkup for the lactating
mother and pregnant women.
There is a need of seminar, workshops, seminar, and general
presentation for awareness about postnatal Care, Nutrition food,
physical changes during Prenatal and Postnatal.
There is a need for individual counseling, so one can raise the
living pattern & can be a clear about their belief, superstitions,
thought etc.
Self care also should be taken by the lactating mother, proper
sleep, and food taking on time to time. Avoiding smoking, avoiding
stress providing conducive to provide a social & familiar
environment which can reduce the hazard of life.
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CONCLUSION
In Rural area there is a problem of lack of Post-natal care awareness
among women because of illiterate and superstition family, in village
elders are like to follows their old and traditional way of child rearing
and child care practices. They do not believe in Doctors guidance.
They are force their daughter-in-law and their daughter for follow old
ways of Post-natal Care, rural women also hesitating by the surgery
and that is why they are avoiding medical treatment. Most of the
women are aware about the postnatal care but they are used their
olden ways and some time it create problem for mother as well as
young child.
Some time woman of rural area wants to admit in hospital during
pregnancy but they have no money to spend in medical treatment,
because they are not economically sound, only 20% women are
aware about Post-natal Care and 80% are not aware. While 80%
women have pregnancy at home it saws the unawareness regarding
Safe child birth and Care. India is a country of villages and there is a
vast different in rural and urban it means there is also different in
Child Care, child is a future of the country and if he is not healthy
then how he will provide his service for the country. Mostly vasava
community people are not aware about Post-natal Care and they
follow unsafe and unhealthy Post-natal Care, it creates serious
problems for the young child or infant.
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ANNEXURE
BIBLIOGRAPHY- I
www.postnatal care.com
www.mother care .com
www.vaccination.com
www.babycare.iloveindia.com
Shroffs Foundation Trust booklet on pre and postnatal care
Interview Schedule-II
http://www.mother/http://www.babycare.iloveindia.com/http://www.mother/http://www.babycare.iloveindia.com/ -
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A study on Post-natal care awareness among rural women
(a) Personal information
(1) Name:
(2) Address:
(3) Age
a) 20 to 25
b) 25 to 30
c) 30 to 35
d) 35 to 40
(4) Education qualification
a) Illiterate
b) Literate
c) Literate but no formal education
d) Primary (1-7)
e) Secondary (8-10)
f) Higher secondary
g) Graduate
h) Post-graduate
(5) Occupation
a) House wife
b) Service
c) Other
(6) Caste
a) General
b) Schedule caste
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c) Schedule tribal
d) Other backward caste
(7) Religion
a) Hindu
b) Islam
c) Christian
d) Sikh
(8) Do you know about Post-natal care?
a) Yes
b) No
(9) If yes, by whom do you know?
a) PHC worker
b) Aaganwadi worker
c) Doctor
d) Not applicable
(10) Where had your delivery (Pregnancy)?
a) At hospital
b) At home
(11) When did you breast feed your child?
a) Immediately
b) After 30 minute
c) After 1 hour
d) Dont know
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(12) Did you weigh of your child at the time of birth?
a) Yes
b) No
(13) When did you bathe your child after birth?
a) Immediately
b) After one hour
c) After one day
d) After one week
(14) How much time has you feed your child in a day?
a) One time
b) Four time
c) Six time
d) Ten time
(15) How long you feed your child?
a) Three month
b) Six month
c) Eight month
d) One year
(16) When did you start to give water to your child?
a) From the birth
b) After one month
c) After three month
d) After six month
(17) Do you know about child and mother vaccination?
a) Yes
b) No
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(18) Do you vaccine your child?
a) Yes
b) No
(19) If yes, from which month?
a) One month
b) Two month
c) Three month
d) Nine month
(20) Do you know about Nutrition food?
a) Yes
b) No
(21) When did you start to give nutrition food to your child?
a) After three month
b) After six month
c) After eight month
d) After one year
(22) Have you register for MAMTA CARD?
a) Yes
b) No
(23) Have you register your child birth date at Aanganwadi?
a) Yes
b) No
(24) Do you weigh your child every month?
a) Yes
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b) No
(25) Do you take nutrition food?
a) Yes
b) No
(26) Are you in doctor guidance?
a) Yes
b) No
(27) Do you take Vitamin Tablets?
a) Yes
b) No
(28) Do you feed your child during its Sickness?
a) Yes
b) No
(29) Do you get Nutrition food from Aanganwadi?
a) Yes
b) No