Reproductive system Lab-9 · 2014-04-11 · The Female Reproductive System Produces Eggs and...
Transcript of Reproductive system Lab-9 · 2014-04-11 · The Female Reproductive System Produces Eggs and...
Reproductive system
Lab-9
Body and Sex cells
• Body cells: – Each body cell has 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) within the
nucleus • Sex cells:
– Gametes (egg and sperm) have only 23 chromosomes (1 of each pair) in their nuclei
• Meiosis: – Is a type of reduction division in which a cell halves the
number of chromosomes
– This process is used to form eggs and sperm
– Occurs in the gonads
• Gonads form a part of the endocrine system and are the primary reproductive organs of both male and female.
• Gonads are generally considered mixed glands in both sexes because they manufacture both cells and hormones. The hormones and cells they produce are
vital to reproduction.
• Both sexes have:
1. primary sex organs
2. secondary sex organs
The primary sex organs
(gonads) are those that produce gametes (sperm and eggs)
The gonads in males are the testes and the gonads
in females are the ovaries
Female: ovaries Male: testes
The secondary sex organs
- Essential for reproduction
Male:
ducts, glands, penis
Female:
uterine tubes, uterus, vagina
Testes
ovaries
Male sex organs Female sex organs
The Male Reproductive System Delivers Sperm
• Testes produce sperm – Scrotum: sac of skin and smooth muscle that
holds the testes • Maintains testes at a slightly lower temperature
– Seminiferous tubules within testes: produce sperm
• Epididymis : sperm become motile and are stored here
• Ductus deferens: transports sperm to where it becomes the ejaculatory duct
Ductus
deferens
Penis
Erectile
tissue
Testis Scrotum
Urethra
Epididymis
Bulbourethral
gland
Prostate gland
Ejaculatory duct
Seminal
vesicle
Ureter Ductus
deferens
Testis Penis Uncoiled semi-
niferous tubule
Urethra
Bulbourethral
gland
Prostate gland
Seminal vesicle
A sagittal cutaway view. A posterior view of the reproductive organs and bladder.
• Route of sperm through male reproductive structures
– Seminiferous tubules
– Epididymis
– Ductus deferens
– Ejaculatory duct
– Penis
• Semen: mixture of sperm and secretions of accessory glands which help sperm survive
The Female Reproductive System Produces Eggs and Supports Pregnancy
• Ovaries
– Release oocytes (immature eggs) and secrete the hormones estrogen and progesterone
• Oviduct (fallopian tube)
– Leads from the ovary to the uterus
– Fertilization occurs in the upper third of the oviduct
• Uterus: the hollow, pear-shaped organ where fertilized egg grows and develops
• Cervix: the narrow opening in the lower part of the uterus
• Vagina: birth canal
Oviduct
Ovary
Uterus
Vagina
Cervix Uterus
Ovary
Oviduct
Cervical canal
Sagittal section showing the components of the system in relation to other structures.
Anterior view of internal organs.
Low magnification view of the human ovary
Human ovary cross section with developing follicles (right)/ Corpus luteum (left)
Human Fallopian tube cross section.
Magnification 40X
Cross section in Fallopian tube (oviduct)
Low and High magnification in human testis
showing the Seminiferous tubules
Structure of human sperm
Human sperm under microscope