Body SystemsReproductive

Male AnatomyFunction-produces sperm (male gamete)

Testes-Produce spermEnclosed by scrotumLocated outside of body-(2º C cooler)

Muscles in scrotum –contract to keep warm, relax to cool

SpermProduced my meiosis in the seminiferous tubulesTakes 74 days to matureProduce 300 million/dayCan live up to 48 hours in female genital urinary tractMature in EpidymusStored in Vas DeferensPropelled through urethra penis –(peristalsis movement)

1.Seminal Vesicles- Located at base of bladderMucous like fluid (60% of volume)Contains citrate- provides energy

2.Prostate GlandProduces thinner, alkaline fluidHelps sperm swim

3.Bulbourethral GlandProduces an alkaline fluidThis neutralizes the acidic urine in the urethra

 SPERM + FLUID = SEMEN

Sperm mixes with fluid from 3 glands:

PUBERTYThis is when secondary sex characteristics appearMales have increased hair growth, increased muscle mass, increased bone growth, deepening of voiceHypothalamus acts on the Pituitary gland

Pituitary gland produces- Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Luteinizing Hormone

FSH an LH both act on the testes: FSH aids in sperm production LH aids in producing testosterone- which helps in sperm productionTestosterone responsible for secondary sex characteristics Male Hormones regulated by negative Feedback

Female anatomy- produces eggs

OvarySite of egg productionNormally 2 presentEgg production is done during embryonic growthFemale born with approximately 2 million potential eggs- stopped at Meiosis Prophase IEggs rest at this point until puberty( about 400K left)One egg per month is release at time of ovulation.At ovulation egg finishes final stages of meiosis

Oviduct- site of egg fertilization carries egg from ovary to uterusUterus- muscular organ site of fertilized egg implantationCervix- opening of uterusVagina- passageway to outside of body

PubertyThis is when secondary sex characteristics appearFemales have increased hair growth, breast development, increased bone growth, broadening of the hips, beginning of menstrual cycle

Hypothalamus acts on the Pituitary gland

Pituitary gland produces-

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Leutinizing Hormone

FSH an LH both act on the ovaries: FSH -stimulates development of follicle-(cells

around developing egg cell),causes ovary to release estrogen

 Estrogen is responsible for secondary sex

characteristics

Menstrual CycleBegins at pubertyuntil age 45/50Females will release approximately 400 eggs over their lifetimeCycle lasts about 28 days

What happens?Ovary produces eggUterine lining is getting ready for egg implantation- increased tissue, blood supplyFollicle left in ovary becomes the CORPUS LUTEUMCL secretes Estrogen and ProgesteroneProgesterone changes lining of uterusNo egg implanted, lining sloughs off menstruation begins

Flow- Days 1-6 Lining expelled- Bleeding FSH to help get new egg ready for release   2. Follicular- Days 6-14 (OVULATION ON DAY 14) Estrogen - uterine lining repaired LH - causes follicle to rupture Body temperature will increase slightly- 0.5° C   Luteal- Day 15-28 LH stimulates Corpus Luteum which produces progesterone and estrogen If egg is fertilized- IMPLANTATION of Zygote No fertilization- progesterone and estrogen cause FSH and LH to Corpus Luteum disintegrates.

3 Phases to the Menstruation Cycle- Flow, Follicular, Luteal

Human DevelopmentEgg viable for 24 hoursFertilization occurs in oviduct- moves to uterus in 6 days1 cell divides forms hollow ball- BlastocystBlastocyst attaches to uterine lining ( IMPLANTATION)Placenta formed to transport O2 and nutrients through chorionic villusChorionic membrane secretes hCG ( human gonadotropin hormone) hCG detected in pregnancy test

Gestation280 days1st trimester- organs form2nd trimester- body growth, fetal movement3rd trimester- growth

Birth- labor –contractionsUterus dilates- 10cmExpulsion of baby via uterine contractionsPlacenta expelled after birthUmbilical Cord cut and clamped

Oxytocin released by pituitary gland which begins contractions.Prolactin produced to begin milk production. As baby nurses this stimulation increases the amount of Prolactin so that more milk is produced.