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Transmission Pathogenesis Incidence Symptoms Other Diseases Vaccine?

Syphilis

Treponema pallidum

Fastidious bacterium

Sexual, MTCT Primary: Chancres

genital sores

Secondary: systemic

-fever

-malaise

-lymphadenitis

-rash may be anywhere,

especially feet soles

Latency possiblydecades

Tertiary: Organ failure

nervous system or CV

system, lesions on skin

gummas Fetus can

cause spontaneous

abortion or cause

congenital syphilis

Gonorrhea

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

(gonococcus) the

second special coccus)

Sexual, MTCT Lives in lymphoid tissue

under mucosal lining,

has complement

evasion VFs, survives

phagocytosis

Clap

-Genital creamy white

discharge

-Oral/Anal redness,

pain, pus-PID common cause

-Neonatal blindness

Clamydia

C. trachomatis

Intracellular in epithelia

C. pneumoniae relative

Sexual, MTCT Top STD in U.S. -Genital: cloudy

discharge

-Oral/Anal: sores

PID: most common

cause

Trachoma (Neonates)

inflammation of eyelid

scarring and

blindness in neonates.

Herpes simplex 1, 2

(HSV1 (oral) , HSV2

(genital))

Skin= lytic tissue,

Trigem/sacral nerves

=latent

Latency/reactivation

Stress/IC related

Primary vs Recurrent

primary last longer,

more severe (may be

fever, pain); recurrent

may have no symptoms

other than minor sores

-Neonates may be fatal,

especially if primary

infection at birth.

-Health workers ob/gyn,

dentist may get sores on

hands

Human papillomavirus

(HPV)

200+ strains!

Contact Have genes that make

proteins that cause cells

to divide. Why? It does

not have a gene for DNA

dependent DNA

polymerase. It must use

the host cells

replication enzyme, but

the cell will only

-Warts: benign tumors:

growths, not sores

-Genital: cauliflower

appearance

Elsewhere all warts,

anywhere

Screening: Pap smear

very effective; reduces

cervical cancer rates

90+% where used.

Cervical cancer may

develop years after sex

with transmitting

partner has ceased, so

exams are regular.

Cervical Cancer: only a

few strains cause this- 4

cause 2/3 of all cancers.

Others? Oropharyngeal:

some evidence of link to

prostate cancer

Treatment:

Cryotheraphy

Vaccine: Gardisil or

Cervarix

-subunit vaccine against

the 4 strains that must

often cause cancer, so it

is not a guarantee!

-Men are transmitters

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produce that enzyme

when dividing.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) Cause unknown Commensals as

opportunists when

vaginal fluid becomes

too acidic.

-irritation

-pain

-strong odor

-discharge not a good

indicator

Review Candidiasis- not

generally an STI

imbalance in hormones

that increases alkalinityof vagina or Abx

Review Trichonomas