Reproduction Reproduction: making a copy of

something Two Types: Asexual and Sexual

Asexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction-the new

generation is genetically identical to the parent

Also called a clone

Advantages?

Disadvantages?

Sexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction: egg and sperm

(gametes) unite so different combinations of genetics result

Advantages?

Disadvantages?

Chromosomes Except for the gametes, humans have

46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in the nucleus of every cell

Chromosomes are long strands of DNA (genetic code) that are wrapped around proteins called histones

When chromosomes are coiled, they look like a string

Types of Chromosomes Autosomal

Chromosomes pairs #1-22 Code for almost everything except the sex of the

individual Sex

Chromosome pair #23 Determine sex and some other features XY is male XX is female

Is the sex of the offspring determined by the male?

Homologous Chromosomes: chromosomes that are the same size and shape and code for the same traits. These are the chromosome “pairs”.

Karyotype Karyotype: a display of all of the

chromosomes in a cell.

Heredity What two factors determine physical

features and behavior of an organism?