Reprinted from Animal Feed Science and Technology Volume: 75 · b Oxford Forestry Institute....

12
Reprinted from Animal Feed Science and Technology Volume: 75 Author(s): C D Wood, J L Stewart, J E Vargas Title of article: Genetic variation in the nutritive value of Gliricidia sepium. 2. Leaf chemical composition and fermentability by an in vitro gas production technique Pages No: 125-143 Copyright year: 1998 With permission from Elsevier http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03778401

Transcript of Reprinted from Animal Feed Science and Technology Volume: 75 · b Oxford Forestry Institute....

Page 1: Reprinted from Animal Feed Science and Technology Volume: 75 · b Oxford Forestry Institute. Department of Plant Sciences. University of Oxford, South Parks Road. Oxford, OXI 3RB,

Reprinted from Animal Feed Science and Technology Volume: 75 Author(s): C D Wood, J L Stewart, J E Vargas Title of article: Genetic variation in the nutritive value of Gliricidia sepium. 2. Leaf chemical composition and fermentability by an in vitro gas production technique Pages No: 125-143 Copyright year: 1998 With permission from Elsevier http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03778401

Page 2: Reprinted from Animal Feed Science and Technology Volume: 75 · b Oxford Forestry Institute. Department of Plant Sciences. University of Oxford, South Parks Road. Oxford, OXI 3RB,

Reprinted from

Animal Feed Science and Technology 75 (1998) 125-143

Genetic variation in the nutritive value ofGliricidia sepium.

2. Leaf chemical composition and fermentabilityby an in vitro gas production technique

C.D. Wood1,a,*, J.L. Stewartb, J.E. Vargas2.c.Natural Resources Institute. University of Greenwich, Central Avenue. Chatham Maritime. Kent ME4 4TB. UK

b Oxford Forestry Institute. Department of Plant Sciences. University of Oxford, South Parks Road.

Oxford, OXI 3RB, UKc Fundacion CIPAV (Centro para la Investigacion en Sistemas Sostenibles de Produccion Agropecuaria).

AA 20591. Cali. Colombia

Received 16 May 1997; accepted 22 May 1998

ELSEVIER

Page 3: Reprinted from Animal Feed Science and Technology Volume: 75 · b Oxford Forestry Institute. Department of Plant Sciences. University of Oxford, South Parks Road. Oxford, OXI 3RB,

, -Q

)(/)---Q»-

aCli'-c.c:-",oQ

).c:,---IO

Q)Q

)_uE(/)Q

)-~

-E

"C

:J--Q

)E

Q)

'" "'E

"C"C

c,- >

-,-

u'cQ)Q

)co",,-_.ou:E

",'-~"'a."C

-cn~"C

Q)

:J,-IO'-

c:JE

Q)(/)

o.OC

o.~IO

"'-g :JQ

)Q

) --Q

E

Q)

E

0. --c

~,~

.c:(/)---Q)--°Q

)0----"C

'" --:a

t;.c::;:: (/):J

.c:Q)E

c- -"'",u

-~.2Q

)Q)°'O

:gEc

~~

-o

c E

C

,...o 0

Q)

E~

w

'-(/)0..- '-

'0_-

~Q

)C(/):;::-u'O

-';:EE

C:J

'" Q

) '"

--"C

Q)

,-0

-(/)NX

(/)Co.C

'-Q

)"'>O(/)=OQ)",X«'::

-'" ---C

gQ)Q

)~:5-=

-"Q)O

I.9?

O>

U(/)

5-9-'--;;c-9:;::c

-'OU

O'O

'-,o

u_;: "'"C

(/)"='(/),.

E:?:.c

>-->

~"C

:J'->-O

-(ij'=

:Jc

Q)

-Q)

Q)

(/)Q

)"C

>

- 5

>

- '-

-Q)

Q) '-

'0 c

.0 '"

--'-.c:o

-O

~

"c'-o ~

0 E

c- 01

-(/)-.c:~~

,-0

Q)

(/)E

--" c

'-'" C

"C

>O

I~-'"

0. c

(/) ::!.

';: Q

) 0

"C

c ~

'&

J -;:

(/)0--"'2Q)'::"':;::Q

)uQ)

'-:;::.c:>u-(/)"C

",(/)c!:!;,..

--u Q

) '"

-'- c

-Q)

Q)--

o,~:c:>

-oQ)",~

OC

'-~0

,. ,_:J"C

U

(/)

_o.>~

C(/)",O

I(/)-(/)O

E'-~

"'uQ)cQ

)"'-r-.:

C:0Q

):JEQ

)'-:c:u2"'N"§u=

c :l=

uuc"Cu",

Q)

-"'Q)"cQ

)"",,~Q

I'O>

f;::aE.c::aIO

~Q

)(/)EQ

)Q)

~-E

o~c

~-",

c'o_,- Q

)

~

g ~

~

g'Q

)

EB

"5 ~

!D'O

~

Q) "C

-(/)

-00 "C

~

,-

0 (/) ;:

UeO

",(/)CO

Q)Q

)U-C

N

c:o.-Q)Q

I,-"C(/)

, o~

Q)

>-

'- u

--c Q

) 01

(/) ,-

0--Q

) -'"

0 >

Q

) '-

C

Q)

cu:!;U

.c: C

'-

C

-,- _0.

U(/)

-0 .c:

0. Q

) C

-'-

--,~u

,- 0

:J U

C

-

"O£"C

:J -Q

)(/)(/)uc",-~

Q)

--Q)

(/) 0I.c:

--'" -;:

01 0.

QI~

"C

,-os-"='

a-sa. '-

0.

LJ.. 01 C

Q) >

"C --;. -00 C

0

«

'iij_S2>

Q

j cop. (/) '"

g'- '"

",-;;co(/)"'QlQ

)E

--"'>,-

""'o--u -"C

c-Q

)(/) c.r:c;.o

'-0-c:

"C

--=

0" '-

"C

:J --

0'

~

--U~

Co.Q

)",-'(/)-~

~:J=

Q

)'-""-

O'-

Q)

-(/)UQ

)- C

:!;Q

lQ)

-;;0 >

-.c: 10'-0.'

a.o.E

'0 '0

U-"C

c:

8[:;::~~

-~E

~,Q

£Q(/)

Q)ooc

-0 C

U'-U

UE

'-.c:

Q)(/)'-Q

)co

--E

c: -'-

-

"O'=

"'Q)"Q

j '"

-:J'--uj

cC(/).c:

EQ

)E

QI"=

'2'=

,1aQ

)Q

)1-

>

u:Jcu~

-o:Jcu-c-C

Au.c:ci--:"-.c:Q

)-- :JO

C

(/) ---c.;

0. '-

--0, Q

) 0

-:

~'O

~~

"Qj,5.E

:;: ",£U

U

~~~~~ ~I''"~00-

~'"...~0]~]"~.2OJ

~"8~]~

4-t0Q)

~~>~,~+-'

'C+-'~

.

~Q)

oS~ .

,~

.~

.0

.,~

.~

(

'g>Co)

,~+-'

Q)

~Q)

d

~0-

~~~~~e-uu'"r.:0-

~~~~~~'"~

..CJ

os..~,Q<

a,0>

'"'"

=

'"I:

'" "0

'" '" ...I:E

"0-0;

« ~

'" ='C

I)...

."0 1:«

0>I: I: ~ '" .~::)"O

.!:

0 -~u ""

'" I:

"d",~1:

« 0>

:s «

I: ~

niO-E

>~

~~

C

I) «z"O

-C

I)0

1:- ~

.O

::) .1:

~

.-'-"'--O>

Q.::)::)

Cl)1:",

Z

::) -E

u.0>

.?;'0>

« <

i: ::)0>

-;:

c==

o="".!:.!:«C

I»-U«

0>0>

"'EO CX)~Z=' ~

~

0.0

ai ~

S

E'

E' C

I) ::) (ij

.~

>'

Z..5

~I:

-~-=

'='::)

-"'~

1:'-v

-'-ai°o>u°.c.c

)."-.- .O

>~

1:.2;-=

,'" .Q

0>

5t=

"':i5

I: l:)."z';f~

<i:>

-o>C

I)«._"""

E

~"O

o.-", ",'"_N

",-..:-

~:I:"'.-

0'-="0

I:CC

-,"OW

"OWZ

ni",O

."'>

.!:",00>

C

X)

I: -'.c1:0>~

--u", -"'.!:>

u0>

-.~

g ~

«

~

..!: -.'"

'" ~

=

- c5 ~

'"

'" g

0> U

ni'-=

O~

I:.~>

- _0

::) ~

~~

-gO>

~",=

",£CI)",

«EcO

>~

CI)

::)... -1:-1"01:

0> u-o;

0>£-

..5 0>

.5I:E

=5z.

E X S

-~~

E(ijo>

~--o~

.c=;E

E.:.i

"'=O

>~

'" 0>

Q

. .!:~

I: .0~

1:0=1:=

00>I:EI:

>'"1:

u E

Q

) =

'>o>

CC

~o.9

o>o=

,a:CI)C

I) 0>

-jg-5~~

-'"

:I:-:~uil-'~

.~

Q.Q

.Q.I~

u:t!lI~~

OU

",~

~

~

~~

~~

ui-j~-j~

~~

~-jU

~U

0. W0>0 I:.'"'" '-0> £u

0I:

'C0>

.-

'u ~

CI)

-.~

I:0>

--=

'"

'"...'" 0>

'" "0 .-

='

-3"0 0

E

'" (ij

~

0 -0>

a:

~-

...=

' -'>

=

' -'"

-u

a: =

' '>

-.-'"

"0 '"

.-'" u

CI)

I: 0>

U

'"

='

t: C

\I '-=

ni J!.

--0;.1: «

.:g:¥.

1ij 'J!(ij

(!) ~

cc. ~

8 -0

~

'""0

-I -"'.5

~

0>

0 -«

I: 0>

'"

UI:

0>

02: "in

Co>

-."'6' .c""

CI)

~g

U""-=

"'u;.~

.2;-::) £

~gl::.«o.~

::)

«~"'5.5

,e<

~~

~~

.; O~ ~~ ~~!SC

l)~

~~

8rg~~

0~~

~!~

~'5

=,"""

.-0'- >-",' 01:

1 "'1:

--0-§,uU

O>

I:I!?

1->-

~o>

~J!.~

.co",~u.--

-"'o:So=

'CI)

III .5'§,1:.2

~::)u,

C

~

O;:C

C-O

; u;~

~It(ijtU

"~'~

Q..U

0

~(/;

ai-~

«B.3

C~

. w

3 !!l(!)ni~

"i'CI)",:?:-~

~",=

,5.cg"c.1:~

Zo- o>

.E

C'6v

~~

C>-'=

ai:I:'

"'==

0

o>.c-l"E

.QI~

I:

g e

~

0.5-§,0 w

o>~

~

. C

I)"'=,..:I:C

I)~U

U~

-'O>

"'N~

O>

-.Z

cOE

2='&

w

~""

~=

«ai-gff=

'~=

Oai..:..:C

I)~-2.

.~O

>."'.2;-0>

0 e.5

~C

I)x ~

~

~,~

.!:=,~

~~

Z~

~2!.=

a:o>.:g~

~.~

~E

'inEC

C.8~

Uc~

~

O>

~

"'E

C?-9.~

uo.aiO>

I:~~

"'o>'

e",E.1:

0>"'-1:"0

.0) ~

I: I:~

"'='E

"'.!:O>

'"", (!)=

,O>

"'O)

g .~

~

~

0

-§, 0>

g"O

-i 0..:J

2 J

0> >

CC

CC

'" ~

U

t5

W u.

.2' u: (!) c3 :I: :I:

C~

'c g-g

='E

C

I)::) 0)

0 cm

ca:~

~~

a:~~

~d~

.~

I~

-j::)ooo.9::) «~

E

cc~

w«oU

-j-j-lCC

~~

~O

Cl)-j-j~

-j~

'C'~

'C

"

-oo~,,-o-

uI

" O

'"C~

-

~-o-~

'"'" "'

U"o.!1=

~

0.,--

'"o."",~

" .,

""~_I--o

"

i8-~c:'"

(ij,"o-,"E

'"

'" -'~

""e-g'-"

(ijO

),"o.o~

c"'.,

~~

,~

Q1

"5~0I~

0 g

,,- c~

~

a:E

a.=O

o":2"~

:I:~.,

"O

U

'~"

~>

p",~-"

-U

V".,

-a),~

-'" 0"

'"O

)u,-", C"'-0)

~'"

01 -

~""U

'c

c".,

'" -"5~

>--=

2~

Eu.-"N

.=-

-:o_~

<E

i

~~

clD~

~

0.~

m

..."5$! ~a)"

-0",.:.£e~

"'E

1:"

'"- -0

O"'E.,~

ai~

0.o,,<

~u

0.Z

'="

0 "

., ,0...

'"

"'in.,'"'"""'~

-CO

l" ~

-.;c" "

-""C-o-

E>

-'l..""'e 0

",~,"O

I, -

Qc"<

~C

~

00~-8.

u.?:o.~

-oc3"u">

-e "

~o!~

~~

a::o -

","cQ.," -

"2 '" -o",~

u,"~

iI.!!!~~

E

"'"~=

!!!,,8""

'"~~

"~

~,"E

.!?,"..."-'"c

"-0"~

., ooJ.,." '""

" ~

c--"'2-o"',"~

g'"5.*5.~

~(ij=

=.

"- ->

~'"'".!

-5~>

- E

E..=

'"; ~

~-

~§ge~

z":5'icu'""

,,;~'("-0-00"'"~

~~

~~

§~j

.2 >

- ..0"0

1""2e~

uo.&

2°~

,~S

,".,~~

~o

'u->

.,- .c-"

>-o-E

-~'""-

0-"

.:~

" -(ij(ij.,~

~o.-o;'~

~~

u-~

..c oE

,~

.20.5c:u.o:~

"u..E

.~

~5.0I0.~

,,~~

- c"~

-

OD

.","--,~"

"O"'...,~

~"O

"'U

-O)O

)O),:4

~

tU

E

0 oS

-~

P

. .=

'C

d ..-""

'" u

oS

00... .=

S

0

-tU

0) 8

0) ..,

0) 0

~0~

~"']~

2!5",~-5-5~

§ .~

~

~

2!

~

tU

00 00

'" ~

.~

"0

~

.=

>

-~

0) 00

'" .d

-; u

"0 0)

:=

-3 .5

~

5 ~

§

"0 g

e '"

~

2! ~

.9

0. ~

<

"'"

-=

~.~

'"

0.=

~

0) 8.

>

0)

8. >

. '-"

..5 .0

"9 "O~

'S

'Cd

~

S

0) g

-00) 00>

""0

>

~0)

.0 0)

'" '"

N'~

.=

>

..0)0)'"

-"""'"OU

..

.=

~

.0 U

.~

~

8

~

>.

0 8

-d"'5 8-

~

-.u 0.=

~

'"

0. ~

.=

:2

u tu

U

=

'"

~=

~

O)~

"'ooooes~

'"~

~

~

~

~

'"

] .§

:a ~

u

~

.5 ~

.~

u e.o

8 :a

5 ~

~

J!i"g

8 §

.J!,

u 2!

P.

0. -u

~

~

~

.., 0)

'" .=

~

'"

~

~

~

8 ~

~

:g

-5 ,g

.ri -5

"a .~

~

.;g

","O~

",.o,~",a"b>

"" -g

~

~

'u ~

~

]

'a .g

~

.::0.£ J!i

U

~

'"'

~o.tU

.ov=

~~

.~

..,Soo

u8~

p;~.E

;;,~85]~

~:a8."O

~

~~

~~

g!)~5'C

d~2!.s~

.'6 ~

-5 ~

~

!)

~

~

.0 "'"

~

.5 0)

'" ~

.9

=

00 ~

'.,

~

.g 1;:;"0

:a .g

~

~

~

": >

. .g

"""""',",""O~

~

'" u~

- U

.~

tu 8

~

0 ~

'0

';, =

fj

S

-5 ~

]".-=

.~

0...

.~

v "'"

0. 0

U

u ~

0.- ~

"'.E;;,!j-S

uuu"O~

~!.g~

~"'~

~8'O

~~

~:

~u

...0'=

u 0.=

~

"O

~

u tu

0

-~

u u.~

g

>,'S

~O

) 0

P.

~

gg ~

~

.-

"' "000

tuO=

.=

0) .~

0

~~

t

tu .~

Z

-..'"

to '"'

0

u '"

."'!e.d '"

.'" 2!

0. .:s

-..,

~

~

§ S

:a

'" >

. ~

.;:

p. "0

.£'e, ~

';4

0) 0.=

.=

=]

] ~

~

0

.~

0):=

..~

8.8>

tu

0 0)

~

~:a

~

~

'" 00.0

~

.2

8 tu

S

u :a

~

0) -=

>

. ~

.~

.~

u

1.'3

0. ~

.=

"0

u 0.=

>

. 0)

~

.0 .0

..~

~

rI)

0: ~

~

~

=

"S

§ ~

~

~

~

~

o>

:~

.S!

~

:i k

-00 ~

'"

0~~

"0

~

>

'-'-

00 -c-

." .~

'"

U

l'ij ~

£

~

u ;..

~

U~

tVrI)

-"" ~

~~

'-"" ..

~

~]

&

~

8 .;;;-

~

.~

] ]

"0 ~

e

"0 ii1

.;

~'"

CO

)""""'V~

"'.='

00'"~

00

~

...0) '"

tu P

. ~

0\

'13

'~i'I92!"'.."'=

~~

~

.'~u

~O

\'t: '-

., j!j

.0 u

0 U

>"0

~'-'

-"0U

-:::

I,.v

,~.=

.,"'u

vO)-

,..

;::f

~-'"

botu

U...5

~0.=

.0~

@""

,..0

.-=~

UQ

U.=

tu0»

..

'-' "0

.=

~

U

~

-~

~

~

-~..

.~

~

] g

~

~

~

.n 2!

~

.g ~

~

~

~

5

a

;~

"O!)..

~

~.£

~

.tu 0

.~

'" 0.

$

oo tV

""tu""'~~

-""~uO

) ~

~~

~-5~

~:o.;;>

~g8~

~

~

~=oil~o~@

I

g~.;]u°aeb;1;Ir\

~~.,!,~ioM

~'CIr\..,~..,..,Ni!§~-=~..~'i:E"~~c.;

~

.>

. ~

~

~~

~

~

~~

~

.~

~ ~

~

..0 ~

"coro

Q)

~~

~

::3 u

.., I:'C

~

'-' N

~

:o .~

Q)

.!:j cn.::

c.9i ~

~

~

tIS.t:

:0C

~

~ ~

1 ~

~

Q) ~

j~

~

~"

.~

~

..

."0 -I:I:1

"=l;-

~~

-~

.U.-

.-~

0

~

.~

I:""

~~

"'.,0

~

~.:

~ .9

d u

,ot ~

:S

~

'" ~

~

0::3 C

ij ~

.:::;~

c

~

.,0"0 ~

] ~

~ § ";§

.~

0 Q

) ~

.~..,.~

.-'~

00

~

+"'

UC

-."'-a0

'"" ~

."'~

I:U

-..,-0"~S~

00

~.~

] ~

:§ ~i.,.)

ro ..l:C

l.cu'8'~

0 O

J) ~

~

~

~.~

'"

' U

*

"'~

t;~-0

ti ~

~

~'.. ~

~

--l;-

t: ~

""'~."'"

-o'~~

~

u ~

0

~~

-

.~;;>

O

.~

Q

~~

d

~:S

~

to,Q

).~

.~.~

g

~

d O

.E]

~\oJ

Cd

'" '--

~

---U

~t

:..ro"""

~~

~

Q)..o

~~

tJ

~

~~

~.Q

. u

.-~.

~N

E

O

I:;:.0

~~

u

.

0>.5;:~Q

)

~c:-.0.;:;"S=

:3c:

"(ij

.§c:ca§.c:~ca ~~

O>

Q)..Q

...0o>

c:.5;:

"§ ,

...Q)

IQ

) :.o~(.)

c:-caca

E=:3

0'-.(.);;::".i:;c:Q

)

~

Ic:0".i:;ca

E~.5;:

c:":(

Page 4: Reprinted from Animal Feed Science and Technology Volume: 75 · b Oxford Forestry Institute. Department of Plant Sciences. University of Oxford, South Parks Road. Oxford, OXI 3RB,

\0~ ~'"I~00-~:::.;(;~~0~...~§~~~~].~~-a'ij

~~~\J ..,~'"j'~..,~~~~~~'"~]"~~~~~].~~~t""g~~u ...C

'I

=0-.:=OJ

='g~.s,..;

~:E~

S

.~

..9u

0.~

uz

CO

;..~

a B

~

=

~~

NN

O\

~N

~r'"1

§ §',~,~

~

,8 "3 :2' ,S

5 ~ 'S

~ ~

::§ ,oj "3 ,S

Q Q

~ d

~ ~

]'=

G

' '" '"

~

=

~

00 '" V

tU

~

:.. ~

~

'" ...~

~

v

ta tU

0. ~

u "3 ~

0 '~

v ,"" v.o

~

0 ..00 ~

~

~ 'I

e.o '"

~

~

~

.

" "0

"" P

'...'"

'" ...'

,"'... v

,- ...'"

"8 ~

~

~

"O

S

~

tU g.a

~

~

~

:E

~

.g :a

$' 'Q

).s a:E

,~

~

-;j;...~

v

v ~

'"

~

v ,-

v 5

OJ

u "0:=

~

~

>

, '"

0. '"

u 0

g 'a

"0 ,-

v ~

00 'a

>,

g ~

v

"0 """0

S

,- ~

'a

vM

~

0 -g 8 v ~

g '

~ "0 ~

00 cU

~

p. 0 ,-' ~

~

~ 6.

~

~ 'S

~

6. '§ ~

~

8 ~ ~

$' ~ ~

~ ~

~

~

,g ~ ]

~ ~

g 'a ,S'8 0. a

'" .?;o ,S e ~

.9 v § "3 '+:I ~ ~

s

§ ~ ~

~

~

0. .., ~

8 ..;a ,~

;] ~

]§~

:

'~~

~

; ~

~ G

,S 8

5 ~ ~

~

S 'S

.§ ~:~

'Q

)~

'~ ~

0

~'~

:s""

00 0\ -d' >

v v ~

0 ...~

tU

00

.~

'" ~

-~

tU

00

0\ cU

,-

'" ...0.

...~

v v

...00 "0'"

S

,- e

oS

~

-P.

:E

e ~

.s P

. 'a

g ~

6

8 ~

Q

~.Ja

g .E

] oS

P

. ~

0..-::.

tt .,;

~

8 :

~

...~

v '§

'-' ~

8

~';

e"O

8 .,;

'a ~

"3

'a 8

tU &

>

,8 ~

.9

~

.d oS

v

~

v ~

~

~

r/5

~.o

~

V

U

tU

V

'~O

j 0\"0

~

v 0

v E

-- "0"'"

>

~

-'-''"

~

~

~

'5 's.

v ""

.£ tU

'.. P

. ,=

-u

' ~

"

~.£

.9 ,~

-5

'"~

0

~

0 '"

a.o 'C

.U

C

I) ;)'

0 '"

':=

~

'C

~

U

:=

0 'a

8 'i:

~'~

,,~

~

,-

,S

"a Q

~

.£ "0

-5 ,S

"',~

t=

U

"a.£ ...S

v

'5...~

tUo

>,'a3>

~~

-~

'" v"'o

'8.ov~-5

...'~

S

QU

O

Q"

'" U

0 00 8

~

~

8 "8.

v 6. ~

"

'~

v... 00

'~~

'v

S

"3 ~

.;::;:g: tU

'~

-;;; ~

8

~

'g ""'" ~

-5

~

~

8 ~

~

oS

] ;§

8 "0 ~

-a. ~,~

~

~

:E:I.

c3 ,E ~

8 ~

~

'~

~ ~

'S

..8 ~]

~ ~

,a ~

oM

tU 5

a.i §' >

~

.~

tU .9 ""'" ~

~

g

3 '5 ,S 0..£ 'fl

'" 'a c-. ~

,~ ;]

'5 ~",oo"""'~

...~.o'"

oo:t's","'o ~

~

tU~

...~

...'" '+

:I,-

g ~

>, I

0 ~

tU ~

0\ V

"0 '-' v U

,- .,; v ~

v 0 "0 ,v ~

~..'!I 'a :a

.0 ~

5 5 ,g G

~

~

g,~

~ ~

] ~

..; ~

~

'fl

5 6 ~

~

~

,g ~

Q

> "0 -v

>

0\ ~

.'" tU

.:!:., '5 ...'"

P

"O:E

...v

0. 0. U

~~

]

: ~

,S

'~

~

-g ~

~

-oa ~

~

~"O

,5 ~

'Q

) ~ ~

~

.g

-9 e

~

"3 ..g ~

>,~

"36.~s"O

P

v'Q)~

-5gQ"3u~

:a:=vv~

o.~g6.°

...v~vv~

CI)~

:I.", ~

~~

~.9~

v.o"~~

~

"O",-5

~

'" "" ,=~

~

.-.~

"0 'E ,-

~

,- '" v ~

S

]0' V

~

.V

tU -'"

~

~

~

tU 0

..:. -'" ...0

-v ~

v...

'" ,.

00 ~

' ...00'+

:1"

0 ~ v

<:s t

tU tU

'0=10...>

0 ;)' >

CI) v

V

M""'"

'a ,-

O'~

'2.ot+;;.£Q

tU"a~

~~

' 0

"O:=

'-'-5",uO\P

.", ~

v~"0

~

0 ~

$'

~

~

~

~

"0 ~

0 ~

6. ~

';;;

~

~

-5 ~

P

. ~

~

.a 'Q

) ..8 -5

'"0

v U

'>

' E

P

. ~

e

v .£

v ~

v

~

~

,- 0

~

.'a ~

Q

'"

"0 ~

6>0 '.fi:

5' ~

tU

~

,~

~

...~

-5 '8

-5 'Q

) § ~

~

~

:c

,g -oa ~

';

~

,~

~

]"0 ,5 .0 ~

~ :I. ~

~

~ :g ..e $']

§; 5 ~

~ ,g :g :g 'Q

) ~ 8 ~

~

~ ~

~ov~

""~""°"3

tU~

~>

tU

u"Oo"O

'5 '3~

v~

-?c;: 8

0. :9: ~

.,;:§ ':

~]

8 ta ,-

~'~

] ,g, oS

6. g r;;::; U

~

8 v

-:;3 ~

'" .?;o v

'" S

!:- '" ~

".0

~'~

~

"3

~A

~

V

~

~

0 ~

'-' -5

vv

"0 v ...'- I

-tU

0 tU

0 .~

G <

~

0 B "

'"§ ,- 8 0 ,~

.9 ,g V'~

...'~

tU

,5 !: 'C

U -5 00

'-'.£ ~

,- e

~r.; '~

.] ~

~

~

~

'G 0

'5 &

~ ~

,~

~

~

'a ,~oS

8 g

] ~

i

,[ ~

8. S

-o. ~

~

oS.£

~

$' S

oS ,5 ~

>

~

'>. ~

Z

.g '> ~

~

'"

~:E

~

8

II)'CQ

,s~e]=II)

-='C~""'=~N

'"~~~~~E

:~"e-'"~~.~:~G...;~

u. d'

~.'"

~

c-I '" ~

0

~

r£ ~

u 'in u

~

~

.5 ~

.?;- ~ >

, B

~

~

~

E:5

~

~

~

~

:E .~

~

~

u §

~

..g ] ~

~

~

=

~

8

o..c .S

0. ~

§

d ~

~

u

13 ~

§

~

:a ~

~

.~

8.:'ti

~

~ ~

U

~

~.g

~]

'3 ~

u

=.g .9

..i 8.

8 "0 ~

~

~

~

~

g. g -6

~

~.5

.6() ~ §

:.a :g

'" §.g

'" =

u

~

e 0

U

u oS

~

0. -::0

~

u ..g ~

'" .8'" z

.> '3

.t= ~

"3.5 8

.~

~

.t=

c-I] 2.

~

u ~

~

u

S

~

0 u

.;; ~

~

~

0

:a:§ '"

~8: .S

~

~

=

.]

.§ ~

. t:'

.s ~

~

~

~

.9..g

.s ~

~

~

6() ~

~

;:: .a. §t)O

g;o

.:9.~

~

=

~

~

]'C:.s

~

0 ~

~

.~

~

~

§ B

~

~

<

I: ~ ~

~.~

~

~

g

~

~

~

~:i,

"'. 'Z~

~.~

~

~

~

~.S

§

i ~

~

] ]]

'" g

0.0 U

'""'

~

0 "'

8.:=

0 ~

=

>u""""""'-'"

U@

u 0.

o..cu >

, ;:: =

--<

0

~

u t=

.~

~

...~

S ~

'C: "3 ~

..g ~

~

~ ~

~

'd ~

>00

U

r- =

uo~

"'=

Uo.o-~

"",u oj

@

@

E--=

-",~N

'-'

~

'""' =

.t= 1:0 0

oj"'u =

~

,;""""" "'u

"""u '"

u c-I

'" ...=

;'

U"""-'o=

u

Ouuu

UN

U]..g

:gs~

~

~

~

~ ~

~

~.g

~ ..g. ~

~ ~

:; ~

:a. .g.~

~

~ ~

..g ~

.~ §

v>'

oj "'

..~u.~

O'a~

'" U

""" u

"'u~

~

", ",

].c:E

,~

~

~

~

~

8 ~

>

~

.5

.s ~

~

~

~

~

u

..g ;::;-

.s"o. ._~

~

~

'8

-'" ",.c

0 =

""~ou.'"'t)O

uu_o...~

=-",

u ~

-",-6..gu

~

.=

.s t)O

t)O

oS

oS

...~

..g "'

-""" 50

t)O

'" ~

'C

: ~

"""

u=

.r"!R

~

u 0

=

"'-=

~Z

"""~=

u '"

~""U

O

~O

US

."':;J ~

>

, 'in

~

:a"'0.13""'~c-I

oj...~

u ", "'v

"'u.~B

t)O

~

=

~

...:" 'V

.~ .?;-.Q

.s :E

oS 0 ~

..g.s 0 ~

]

'3 e ~"O

8 ..g.:

t)O'3 ~

';;'

:§ '"

.~..~

~

~

£ =

~ §

~]

~ ]

§ '3 ~

];' S

0. ~

.S]

~ .;

;' ~

~

e

U JJ

~

(::j :E ~

~

~ "O

.~ u ~

>

, S 0. u

~ B

'= '"

~

'" S

-6.~

~.~

.~

B

,,-:; §

~ ,::i,

~ 5O

:a U ~

.'i ;g ~

r'\ ~

~

] ~

'" ~

~

§ '3 s ~'., ~

~

~

;.~

~

~

~ G

' 0 ~

'0 ~ oS

~ .g .:; .~ =

'"

~

~ g ~

~

IIS:§ S

oS

~

, <

I:.c:. O

\ ~

= U

.0

..=

0. 0 u '" @

~

:a 0 ~

-u

§:2.g u

=

~

~

:E ~

~

§ '" ~ ~

~ .§ oj E

~

~ ~

'" '3 ~

so.. ~

.a '" ~

~]

~

~

~

~~

~

'i~u.;5~

BU

§~~

uu ~

e]o.s~:t)O

~u

~

~

~

] :9

~

S

-0 ~

~

0.

~

-a. oS ~

:E

~

~

E:5

~

~

~

.t=

s '3

..g.~

s.s.~

~

~

.s.

g .c-I '-'

'" $.5

~

~

~

~

0. S

-d

;' =

..g.,;

'8;§ u

i 0

g .s

.c .s

'"

~

~

~

~

.~.g

~'2'

~

~

.9 z

~:g

~

8 .a.

~

'5 ~

~

~

:=

0. ~

0.

-: ~

'3

.:9 ~

~c:

0 0

u ..e

u =

>

" 0

'" ~

~

u

'" ;3

0... ~

~

.d

u t)O

.c u

u C

I1~

0.

~

8 >

.Q

u

~

~

oj.c =

8

~

~

u @

o..e, u

~...

u ~

'"

u >

=

'd

=

~

'"u S

.~

.s oS

8 f'" ~

§ § '3 ~

§ .s ~

.§ '" ~

~ ~

.; ~

.~

..g ~:fi

~ .£ :a..a 0, 2. B

oS..g

~

'8 oS

::I .~

e::

~].g

~

~

~

.s.g ~

~

~

~

§

-~

~

~

~

.S ~

~

~

5

] ~

;

~

~

0 ",oj~

o V

)~."'S

O",

§~"""u

t)OO

i>:-§U

"'u-oj~

ugo ~

§

~

~

u. ~

:;. ~

B

~

e

~

=

.s d

e ~

~

.s

~

] @

~..g

8.~.s

~]

] ~

]0.@

.:3.--" ---u

0 .0"""U

.:3U~

'=

""'S<

l:bI)~'"

"'.:3~U

",u "'."'0

o>~

~

"';~U

u~~

8=:E

"'~

~s

=

t)O~

=o~

=.:=

~

e

5 ~

c-I

fj ~

.a

~

~.~

.~

g §

-~

~

~

'bI);g ~

g

§ ~

:a

'3 ~

..3 o.~

~

50 ~

.~

~-

Ut)O

=u=

""..",.'" ~

:;J.d"'=U

"'=""""=

OU

9 "'u~

"""'", a

oS

0. :s

z u

~

u U

~

:3 C

'I u

~

.s E

:5 u

~

0 u

~.

~

'" '"

<I:

--u ~

u

u '"

3

~

U

U'-'~

-§~

3e ~

~:a~

.~.s@

'£~

~!i@

'@'~

~~

~8

~Q)

~§°e,..co?

0'"=0.~-3g.P.

u.~0><

Q)

00§~.~OJ

=Q)

>~CO

=]:sQ)

..g ;,;§

0 .~

'" O

JQ

) --0S

' g.

OJ

..P.

",OO

Q)

B

>O

J O

J .~Q

OO

j~

"t;Z>Q)

'"'" '" ~~

~tIO

E E

;u'"

'" ~

~z

~

~

-

---0\0\0\~

IrI\ON

NN

---

§.~~==

]"~..,~e....~~~~

=

8.-=

'"'"3.-u~

.~-ci ~~

'"'"=

' 00=

'" .-

'" '"

~

='

P.

~.§

C7\ '"

-.0'-'=,.'"

'(;-0=

~

='

0=

' ~8.g-gg:§~

"O""'000"8:..g

0~

=S

.g=

'"0

~.~

~

:g 5o~...o.u

~:g

00...~

0 '"

.~ ~

>

~.=

..g

~-g

.c= >

E-""S>

;..:,~~~";:3O

J1:=

..g~~"~~0";:3OJ

"[8-~~N]O

J1:=

~'"~U~]~

.'"0

.'"u

='

>

"8 -3 ~P

.~~

~~

4.)0"'-

~

4.) 4.)

~~

~

Page 5: Reprinted from Animal Feed Science and Technology Volume: 75 · b Oxford Forestry Institute. Department of Plant Sciences. University of Oxford, South Parks Road. Oxford, OXI 3RB,

~ ~"I:<I

~~~~~~~§"5;3j~~~.~~~'O

J

~~Q\.) ~i'::::..,~:::.~~~0-5~...§"...::";:9;

~~l.~~..;OS

~"g~s ~"0~~eB.S~'0.D.S"0~'"~'"t.s~jt)I)

§=.~§0U~~r-Nt.s

"0§'a~'"t.s~

.,;

E]

~"O

t:EB

~

'"~

,.g ~

'"5:8~'la§]0

:~i"i I..,i'"~..g'>.9:§:£""B~~>"~

I.!!~E,..~.,\S"0

:]~~

'"o~.?:-~13

'8o~o-=:

~'"]13

~~'&;:co-=:

~~~c3

~~

v-v"'v..r=~

v'Ov.,;~

...",...vu""o ~

='O

o V

UvoS

="'.~

"""""Oa'"

~

.~

~

0 ~

'0

.0'" 4

'0 0

8 1

...v...

~

r-- v

=~

~

8

~

0 ~

§

...0 ~

"Q

..o.~

~

:.-j

0 ,-".~

g

E

u U

~

~

~~

"OU

~

'" ."'~

;3'O§

~

'" v

v .a

~

U

.~

~

~

'" =

"" '"

~

'"' .~

'0

~

'" v

.", '"

0 "'"

0 0

'" =

0\

~

~

~.~

0

~

...r-- .~

0\

~

U

t:

v~u"",oo.

"'=-"","'v

.~~

~

...""O~

'" "'v~

'" 8""'0

",=

:""'"=

'0

0.'" t:

bII ~

...'" ~

~

0

v

:a§~~

VV

N.£~

~

':~""'

V_~

on'O

v ~

;3 '"

-~

"'" v

on ~

'"

~

~",~

~~

...coofuO~

o'O~

v=o.~

=o-vu",-=

o.,~

~

0. '"

~

...v .r.

"0 0

'0..."-,~

"",,, .v"'=

~~

.~"i'

,"'~"'(;:;~

vo'-'vuv~

.~

"3 8

~

q 'Q

).~

0 .r: .g ~

o.:E:§

..."""ov:>

~E

""'o~~

o. -vV

~...=

.>

~'"

""U~

bOV

=

0.

"'. tiI.~

~

.~ =

'"

S

E .s.2,

~ .s

Vs

..a""C.g~

~~

;3b11Go)

Urn

v §~

"'~

u=v

§voSgoS

~'Q

)O]g~

~a

i3 oS

...,

v v

.S

~

'0 'S

...,

t: 'Q

) ~>

bII -=

bII ~

§

'" ~

>

-

e=o~

o.~~

,,-..vS"""':=

o..~,,;

8..., ?:-.?;o

oS

~

0 ~

0

""~v~

""~-av

uc"""'"o.,;~

=o~

.~

°:E."'o=

'4 U

~

0

~.~

bII U

...~

8.""

.2,

u§='O

~",...vo

1'0",~

.~~

v

Go)'~

~

0. ~

=

'0 ~

=

..., '"

U

0 =

G

o) >

~

:§ S

~

=

~

:e .~

v

~

.0 ;,;

v .~

1

=

o. =

'"

v '"

8 v

oS '0

.}, ~

3

~

.~

0 ~

oS

'"

0 U

"""v:>

ur--=--

~u§

~

0 ~

-::."3 ~

o '"

bII~,,-..v

=0...,""'"

Go) '0

'Ou

'" v

O(i")""

vv

~

~

v .0

...e '0

'" '0

~

0\ .~

>

U

~"""o.=

=

uO\

0=

§

v "'"

v bII

~

v 0

'0 ~

~

~V

U

v 0')

~

'O.=

u""""'U

="""N

~=

=

.~O

')

~

.0 oS

=

v

v bII on

~

~

v 0')

.8 '0

..~

~

'Q) ~

ou

~

~

~

"Q) U§

ebIIV

O')

,~.

v U

.~=

~'O

~

'~

vOv...'"

.~V

O"-""'N

>

r--u..

~1~

~~

~1§G

~~

~~

1-i5 ~

.s .~

~

u '-' U

"'

'-' 0. ~

..:E80'0u

~~

>

-g

,,=

.c>

.!!"""d=

"

.!!~:ij~

"" =

:!

a~~

~

""""-tN-tN

NN

-t-t

~u~5~U

'".~ '"

0= .~

.g ~.sz

"=

]~

~.S

.S

-N

==

...~

~P

oPoP

oOO

~~

~O

OioJ":01)

>.

-a0~.~'" .-a "2; ~o=

-a.~

;E

o"

0=0U

".-=

o,~U

O'O

oIjO=

u3-=d=

"'1O0

u ""

~

oIj .'p

,Q"O

-N

oIj"'u'O

=

G

j'U'rl.c

'0 S

~

.g.c

8 .::1

U

oIj"d 'rIU

~

,Q

"". ~

~

.s

,~

U

'0 ,

.":;3

.~

~

~

E

0\ ,Q

~

I ...~

C

'"1'"

=

...;>.,

u.- .0

~u",.c]~

~r--

=~

oIj'O5iI"

e.~

~

~ '0 c:i ~

~

~a"'Q

;'~~

t)/).,f",,""U

'OC

Nu

OoIju~

...U

=

J3 '"

.

~.--'..ouC

/)::IRi~

",.c u

u .~

~

u

,Q

~

\0 ~

~oIjU

~.~

u""o,,.. .c:s

"' :=

.0,

"" U

""o,NoIj

~£s.g8.g"".:6

0 ::I.~

0

0\=

~.",U

IO=

O

~I;;~

."'lO

u'0

0 ~

'O.~

~

§. £

C'"1 oIj

~ oS

; ~

.~

~

~

S'30

C'"1P

~'a

'fdC

'"1 '" --t:

() ..oIj

oIj 0

U

'000

,Qo,~

u

.s!:::.;>"or£e?;~

-=.",

~

u .,

'" .-1;;'-

oIj ,..

'0 u.~

c

~

u ""

]".i3s'a

£'u",s -::I

U

'" U

U

1 "

U

oIj oIj';J

-oIjZ

---u'" U

u U

"'

"" t)/)

§'4---=

0 ~

- ~

~g.o-

U

I .

§t)/)

p =

--- U

d

,Q0t)/)

'O~

::I0~

U

S

£

~

0, -g 'p

~'O

Oe?;d~

~,:l,

c=lO

u ",

::II;;

~

---,.. '"

'" U

0 ""

---oIj =

~;>

., t)/) "']<

0.'"

.oIj=

=,Q

,

-,Q

0 t)/)

-' u,Q

0

---=."'."'

or--~

8.3

] ~

~

~

r-- 00,

=::1

I .~

.c'" '0 ~

U'O

ouuu =

0

~

~

.!:!.-.s ~

~

~

~

'-'

0/) '"

~

~0/)'"E:::

'fJ"0

~a

..9."0

~

a'"

'"=

Q

0 --=

U

0/)Q

.-=

~Q

~

oS\.)

=~

Q

!.. "0

QI

=

~-=

=-

~

..."

~

QI

-.c~

.'--'

!.. I 0

'"

-==

- 0

Q.0)

P.

UI

'" =

Q

~

~

I 0/)

G~

>

..'--'

'0( e~

'0( P

."OII

';;' =

8

~

8 81.:=

.~

~

Q

..."0~

Q

'"

=

.c ~

0 Q

~

.~

U

..-,U

=

'"

.g ~

~

0 ~

u

~

:e ~~

Q

~0/)

O/)p.

.~

s =

~

G.g

Q

U

U~

:3

QQ

","O--=

8-0~

.~

~

.~'§~c~""8

.~~~~;N

!tJ'3'"~ff'i

"8~t)

]~].s.:e"O

~]6

,.g ~

.g E

-' ~

.N

~

~

E-' .~

~U

~

--'&§"O

~8o.se-

..J?, ~

~

.9..Q) '" ~

0

u '"

.o~-;~

-~

~o

-u.o",

~&

'i ~

~"O

g."O=

~£v

~;:;:i

~"88~

'8::~~

~v~

~

~~

<;;:8~

E§"'i

,.g -~

S

O 0

II") N

~

.s

.=8'-'v

o"~.

ou

>-

.'c v

v 0 bO

~

~

"9

8 ,.g "2 0 .§

~

= ~

'8

u v.~

0

v ~

.=

~

0 r--

~

oQ.F

-o~

",...'"

~

'" =

c

~

0

.;'gJ?, u=

~~

oOB

]v0 rA

; -0

u'~

u -""~

' '""~

"'- uv=

'";

§=

.s",'"

",.=.=

..v.'"

..'" ..=

~

o""~

.S'.~

~O

g c~

v -=

=

v ~

=

'a

0~~

"O ~

8"8"P

.§U

.E ~

~

s~~

'" co

00."'""_-",,O

~

"", ou.s""-;

~

-~

"'II") '"

~J3,.gS

.,;t:"'~""B

""BQ

"2"'~

>-vobO

v"""6"'o'">

- ..~

.~

~

.s

-~

u u.E

-

.ovo:&~

]g:a.=v~

g~

,.g

v v

.c ~

.c

-~.c

v ,Q

'"

~>

-~,.gbO

V-6.o~

tij,.g~,.g

.§.o

",. 0

."" ~

bO

0

'" v

~""o~

.cO=

.9;" t:S

Q

!fj ..>

- ;;

bO'~

g

0 v

'"

~z'a.g.o

Q.~

~]

u--&g

~~

t3"']"2°.cl::v:1.~v

~

§ ~

.£.=

'"

--' '"

~

,.g a,.g

g.v

~a.a~

r'"I=",

=

'"~

~~-=

S

~

B

~

§

-5 v

~

~

~

v ~

u

-~

t3 .""

~

~

01"'\

'" v",

-v ~

F-o

V\O

""'~v,.g~

t3 ;~

v~

~Z

c

,.g '"

~

'" .0"

oj g

~~

~

-~

~vv

~

~o

c a.~

c'""""" ""'"

u"".. '"

~ov>

- """=

0

'"""'v,.

0\ "P

.::=.=

~

~

~

~

S

~

-0\ ~

~

~

~

=

S

S

.c~

-.a

~

S

.2 '-'

§ ~

;;;;;

0 ~

Q

.

U"'~

~tij~

eu~

~.£

~ u-o<

§ g.

uo S

H

~

v~:a

X:E

u.. ~

""~Q

.~U

II")O<

~

"'j 0 0

U",. ~

~

N

0'-'~

u U

""""-'~

'-'..

:g ..f ~ .~

'3N].a

~

~ § ]

0 V

""

'" .~

:>

V

d

iijo"".o

°X~

~°:c:.

~...~

..oJ:: v

~.;j

r- v

0 =

~"'U

d.'3~.o

V.o~

...d(ll",U

.c'T~

dOoS

00

f-"'"

S."'dd~

oJ::OO

V

0

.'3v~S

u§~

~.(...

v oS

~

O

.;j oS

v

I 00

g

~O

O...'d.v~

&::.E

~

§~N

~

.E 00 ~

B

~

0,

~

~

.0vO

oSd-=

U

~

~U

~:c~

~oS

VO

Od"t;

F"~

OoS

0 00

.-5 ~

d

~

.(F

" ~

;

00 V

."' .S

§ ~

~ "t;...

§ ~

~

a ]

V~

~"'>

' ""

~O

oSdS

UV

oS.",,~

."'0"

~

d".o~

OQ

v""00 00

V

0 0

S

U

V

,E;, U

:,0 § §

.~'~

"'.s

~

~...

0-."'.

='

V

0'" d

0

VC

'"IC'I-O

O~

UV

~

(II'"""0"

~

'0 U

'.~

:E

~

a

'd. ~

d

;a ~

Z

1+

= ~

oJ:: oS

U

~

B

'S.~

~

F"

d ~

~

'-"

"t; (;:j'

V~~~

..211 ~

V

'" 0

~

OQ

"O

'.8 0

'" ~

~

§ V

0

>,

='

oSdood~

VvV

:200

V

V

B

V.;j

g..s ~

p.

~

OQ

.>U

~U

~oS

(II =

U

.""-,,§

='

0 d...

V

'-' ~

"0

d ~

] 'd.

§ V

C

"8 .'3

'" .S

V"'O

3~

oS

ooSoS

-~

'v

U

" e

C'I,~

..00

~

.(0

-~p.--

",uOO

d ~

.svd~~

p. §

~

~

d U

O

Q..s.o.~

~oJ::doS

ooov."' E

'"~

~vvvv~

cno",~V

e~,E

;,~~

~..;~

~e.a

"'p.~

"'V"-"."'O

..u.£

"'.o~\I")~

~ooS

"-"C

'I'fi"'ao ~

d""Uv~

\l")tU~

uvo~.g"t;"t;~

o~

V>

'I+=

~r-

dU"'A

U

..."t; 'S

~

0

,E;,

oS

s 0

,E;,

d.£ §

.211 '"

~

~

d ~

V

~

n'"(II",

"'dO~

."'UoJ::-d

V~

V

0 §

,du (11

o...R

~(11

ou..V

a

~

U

d ~

.~

d

oS

...iV

~'"

tU tU

.'" IQ

Q

V

..3u.

~"'

", ~

vvvoo" 0

V...~

~"'

§O

Q~

... ~

tU

0d

""" p.

V

'"p.

'"

Page 6: Reprinted from Animal Feed Science and Technology Volume: 75 · b Oxford Forestry Institute. Department of Plant Sciences. University of Oxford, South Parks Road. Oxford, OXI 3RB,

""~~N-.~~~~-9C)

I:~~§~I:"~~~~.~~"ij...~~QI.,j

0~

..:e'"'~:=C0...,§0=~~.,>1;=

oS

"0.0=~.,..9~~Po

~"" .,00.!! ...013~

<

"§=~ gu] ~

§ e

cn 0

., .,.,

u

g §§ ~u

0~

~

I;~~..§It

~ N~'" ~ $~~on~

~Q

~

-"j "j

I .=

.=oo~

~~

..."=

~~

.=$~

~6

'" '"-d

d "~

0

0 S

Q. "

" .=

~B

Boo

o~~

j

00\II"I\O

~oo~

~oo...

'" I

""'~

8~\000'"~

I

~1I"Ir--

~8~

~oo...

'" I

~~

II"I~~

00""'~

oo...-I'"r---

11"10\0o-~

0\00'"~

I

\0~."a-

~§8§

";000

~...

]~1~00

8:°M

~~

~",

.;M

OO

N..

R.

I I

.~'.;=0":j

Ii~00.~t-'

~r::I

,~I

I~

.;:::."~-<II ~~

-;;;1

;;-,1::0-..,

I ~

§~

.

.~~

§..-.,

..=~ 8

I~e

'OQ

)II:~

.o:"'Q)Q

)'O~

.o:ooJ!!.°U

OQ

) oo'O

-S~

Q)-g=

..,+"'

~

~

<

~

5 ~

=

~

~

~

8

.~

,S

~'"

Q)

=

0 Q

. ~

-a

0u>

~~

Q

).o:'O';;;~

"'~oo~

"'.Q

)o~~

~

"'=Q

)Q)'O

=

~>

-';;;-S

z.

.~

.~

'" =

'0

-a. '"

Q)

~'C

Q

) -=

Q

)p.

+"'

...U

O'C

Q

) :;

--

,S

...§ ._~

~

8

-.O"d

>

'0 =

~

Q

.

U

U

-S

~

'" "'..,

I Q

) .C

"" ~

,g ~

~

,S

.~

~

u '"

-S 'a

::;; '§

~

IE

~:3

Q) a

~

'" '"

~

-;.~

Q) '"

-~

=' -

"'Q)O

OQ

) Q

)uo_=

","-.O.o:~

=,

o"'~

'" U

:>

-'0'"

'. -

~

§ ;:

0 Q

. 8 .s '>

]

oJ o,f ~

u 0

:9Q

) "'-

80 """',~

~=

~=

.~.~

5~]

~.t=

~]--::""~

.~.~

'i$]0

~

=

0 Q

) "':E.'"

N

~

~

8 >

-.0 '...

2: ~

.g a:!

-S -E

. ~

.s ~

~

~

~

=' ]

~.s

0>-"""

'-~.

"'w..o"'o>

-0

~

=-

.Q)

U

--.s

§ ~

0

cxi '"

'c I

.:f!J -S

]

J!!. .s

~'0

+"'

'0 (ij

00'" +

"' '"

.., Q

) .~.o:Q

)Q)~

Q

)Q)8~

!E"'",,-8-S

u~

~

~

~

:C

'C

5 00.t:

-; :a

0 e

~

8-0

.8 .0:.9

~"9

U

00 ~

.t:

8 ~

0

'"-S

"'~'"

~

~

.£00'O"'~

.~

~

~

.5 Q

) .9 '-"

~

~

-0 8

£ -;

."' ~

-"" Q

)- Q

)~U

+"'

-Q

).~

~.t=

. '" '-"

~.:=

~

I'"

""0 +

"' .--U

Q

) =

00

~>

-Q)§

5Q)~

~g~

§~~

~~

~i3-S

. ",-S

o ~

",.t=-""'"

0 0

~

:; ~

>

- d

'" ~

Q

) .0,£

.~

""18

.0: cd

Q. i3

II ~

£

-S

~

2 ~

8

'1

=

.g ~

~

~

o..s.

Uo ;:=

'-

~

e J!!.

0 t--:

0 '"

'0 Q

) 0'"

Q...,

'0 0

8 ~

.s '"

!!J Q

) 'iJ 0

-S

'" '"

'" Q

) ..s '0

=""£U

=

'OQ

)~

~",

~

='"

,£ e

>

£ :§

~

e.s ~

~

.~

~

]

'"

5.".Q.~

§=

""'",~

Q)~

~cdor,

~~

=~

u.;:;8"'~

"'~-S

~."""';

~

Q..~

~

.=

~

~

-E

..:g .a

~.:-'

Q) ~

~

-S

~.8

.9 ~

+

"' Q

) 8 -.0 .--o,f

I 00 ~

.z'" e-hft

8 '"

>

"'.., or, U

u

E9

...

:>

=.-

Q)

='

-0 '"

.~

0\ ~

~

"" ~

:E

-S

0 ~

""

0\ ~

00

8 .9

>-:a",

uQ)Q

.'OQ

)"""'or,uo'"-=

0""0 ",-+

",Q)-'-"+

", .hft""'"

=

~

:>

'" -=

=

.c .0

N

'" 0

-'- .:=

~

0 ""

.0: O

'C

~"d

'" Q

) 0

v ~

'"

=~

-0

~

(ij ~

Q

~

,Q

. U

'-"

B

~

0s

U

~

~

.~

8] ~

g.

j 8

~

'" Q

..E

~Q

)or,or,£""='ooQ

)~

0~'O

~Q

)O

NN

o

o~

o=~

o"""""""'"

u""-u_'--~"'~

~u~'\)

-..'\)u~~'\);:.e6'\)

~c~~...;...;

---bI)-d)"O"'d)~

d)~O

."'~~

-,=,~

d)",o~."~

c.- '"

";:J '"

-5 0.-

~.8~

§---oSu~

~~

Z'- d)

0 -5

$ d)

O.g

~

.?:- S

~(,)

_-5~0d)d)

e )!,.

Po

.?:- 0

'" -~

~

.;..

~";:J","O

°~d)

O.:j~

)!,. 0.°-5~

-(,)0";:Jd)-~

~~

"'"0&

(,)6b1)~

...~"O

~bI)§~

:i,~

§Od)d)d)..;;,...

"'0",'"

S

~-'=

'~

d).s~

.-~

d)

'" ";:J._;..

d) 0

"00

;.. d)

~

...::I'.:j ~

.c

r- d)

:j ,'=

"0 0

bI) '" ~

bI)~

"0 '"

~

d)";;' ~

bI) =

.-~N

d

.-=

d)..:j d)

d) .c

d)0\

., "0

d) ~.~

~

S

d) Q

+

"'""~

O~

"O

.c"O~

-5

.c ~

;.. ~

-"0

~"0

d)t: ~

08~~

Cd

~S

o.~~

d)S~

d)=~

=0~

d).9~

"'~oo

.~

~

.g ~

.?:- ~

~

~

V

6

~

.c~~

~d)

,,"o.cU~

§ ~

G

~

.~ ~

'fl

~

~

C'i .?:-

"0 deN

'V

] :E

~

gin.;U

d)d)r'"1"'Cd~

~d)D

"",S

~";;'"O

"'N---~

~U

~

8~.s§-g~

::=-~

::sC'i~

-N.d~

- "O

~

N8=

~0~

e~d)D

d)0\ .s

.8 ~

~

(,) ~

'c ~

U

~

N

bI)~~

§d(ij-=...;..

r'"1d)::I~N

~O

g.d).s'-'-,=

,0-0\d)(,)~(,)

~~

";:J~§~

;"d)o"'~~

8§-=G

.d°~U

&O

\S";

~-5~

;"bI)~'"

.d)"O-a

"0 d) ~

~

] ~

.s 8 -5.

§ ~

'.:j

§;Q~

";:J'-'

~d)Q

bI)~~

C

d ~

~

d) E

~

S

~

§

.0

Odd)-5",S

~d)'.:j

~~

d)

d ~

d)'P

d)

>.d

.d) .c

-e°Po(,)bI)(,)8(,)~

-5::1)!,.d).9",§~

§o.~

g";:J ..;;,

(,) ~

~

'" .-

.d)~:e~

] ~

.P.~

.-5...

~

~ ~

.s 0

-g 0 ~

~

~

"0 P

o~

",=0

"",,"'+",d)r'"1d)'"

~

~

0. d) 0.

d +

"' ~

~

~.

-d).c '"

;"d) ~

"'~d)

"'d)(,)d)0

~

~

s d) d) e

.~

~:e-5

~

> e.

0 §.s

~

;.. ~

.S ~

Page 7: Reprinted from Animal Feed Science and Technology Volume: 75 · b Oxford Forestry Institute. Department of Plant Sciences. University of Oxford, South Parks Road. Oxford, OXI 3RB,

..,~

N~

Page 8: Reprinted from Animal Feed Science and Technology Volume: 75 · b Oxford Forestry Institute. Department of Plant Sciences. University of Oxford, South Parks Road. Oxford, OXI 3RB,

":!.

~~i1O'~~~'j~~§~~;.!j~~]""~"-

~'\;~~

s

Zlv"O :~I!SXAOJd

100"0> :~!S

100"0> :AOJd

~60"0 :lq8'IXAOJd

6LO"0 :11\8"

100"0> :AOJd

100"0 :AOJd

100"0> :AOJd

810"0 :AOJd

660"0 :~81!XAOJd

100"0> :~8V

8~1"0 :AOJd

LOS'"O ::JJ!S

L%'O :AOld91'l :U1I:IW ue-J~AO

'lP'lLP'l8E'l

161W'l81'lIr'l'l9O'l

EP'l

SIZI~Z6~ZEEZ661SOZ~IZaz~IZOVZ

ue:lW

ue:lW:lpeqs

onsUI!:IW

P:l!lP-l!Vp:!!Jp-1!V

ue:lW

J1!:lJ 30no},.

J1!:IJPJO

S~I!S IIV

96v'06~8'09Zv'0(96'0

~L6'0

~I!JSe!J~8!N

e!s~uopUIe:>~ I11S0;)

lL9.0 :QSy090.1 :AOJdB!qwol°:)

1619U

LO'l'lE'l9U8E'l'l81981~61LU961

8~'l

lUE~Z8~Z817Z

~6111/0

LU9UOOZE~

80l~'l'lI'l'lL'l'lt8I661lE'l80l8818'l'l

9UE9ZZ8Z~ZL61~IZEU~EZEEl8El

-S~)!S ~A!J )11 S~:>U1!o~AOJd Ulnldas .0 ~A!J WOlJ S~ldW1!s JlI~1 O! (J~»lIW .<.1p 8)[ J~ 8) 103)00:> day U1!~w

9 ~lqll.L

~

:~qg!l:AOJd:AOJd:Aold:AOJd

Page 9: Reprinted from Animal Feed Science and Technology Volume: 75 · b Oxford Forestry Institute. Department of Plant Sciences. University of Oxford, South Parks Road. Oxford, OXI 3RB,

~'"I.,.,.-.~~:::.~~.!?;

~~1~~~~...~].~~'"5...~~~IJ ,.,"'"J,!::i:::.~~1~1

.."~~~~~.~~..,"'ii~~~~ ~

0g

I ~

~uuf

1 +

000

.~~c0-0.=.E.,g~-0.

~N~""'c.9~"~E:s

'&2

"'u,,~:§"3,,~'t:

"y

l3 .~0

"

.n~".~

~.~

.n

" 0

-u"~-o

..: ~

~O

.9 ~

u.,,~"8 "..-0,-0

~:o

co..

g:S.-E>

.9

'='8

;~IL~16I9'l1

Page 10: Reprinted from Animal Feed Science and Technology Volume: 75 · b Oxford Forestry Institute. Department of Plant Sciences. University of Oxford, South Parks Road. Oxford, OXI 3RB,

~'" ~~~~~~.!a

~~§~~~~~].~~~~~~Q ~..!?;

]'"'~1~E

:"~~~~.~~"..."'\;"'g

~C:i

U ~.,.~

§.::'"'~~.S...~~~~e.~~~~~~~;...: ~

£J,§~~

"O]~

Q)

"'.~

"+J

Q)

...~

-;,."'t=

t/) -C

==

'"..=

'"

=

"+J

.-Q)

~

i3 .-~

~

'-.

~

8. >

<

:.a

"'>'0Q

)"'§~Q

)~

--="'~

~

=

Q)

=~

0-CQ

)~Q

»,-5.0::l..."+

J~r...""'.Q

~

U

Q

) 'O

"""~

0g

.e ::I

.£ =

= U

~

]

-~

(ij~Q

. 0

>~

oQ.~

~.-:

Q)O

-C(ijoa-~

.d"'"+J

Q. -Q

. >

< .;::,

0) ...Q

..-",~

=Q

)_~B

S~

"'0

'-"'0-]

'-- 00

0 Q

) -

SQ

)u;.8 =

Q)

~.Q

>

,~Q

)~.

.~

8 0

.,; '"

-Q

Q)

Q)

'"",=

...,~",Q

) Q

Q.£

"3 '"

] ~

oo.~

>

, Q

) 0

.~

S It

as]'§ ~

~

~

=B

Q)8..g"'Q

.~.d"'~

Q)-50.

---Q»_a,B

-c "'O

O~

.Q=

~Q

) "+

J 00

=""-"

'-::1 0.

~=

'S

;E

.~

9

Q)

0 go "0

.-.E

E-'

.~

.§ ~

~

~

'0

S~

.",0)

_0Q

»,Q)J1=

~Q

)00-~~

.Q

§

u 0

5 ~

.S

~

'"

~~

~

u ~

:aQ)

.Qga~

£N~

~Q

-a.0

.=

.£ (ij

'" -"+

J -~

~

"'~u

"'~...Q

)ooa

].g"'=Q

)U.E

'8S'"

~",'O

~-5i3>

,S~

So

"'=~

="'U

"+

J'"~

£",Q.Q

)~=

Q)

."'"§Q

);go~§]-5~

]"'~

~

""'~Q

) ~

=8

a g

§.8 g

";; ~

~

's=

Q

. t!. -Q.

~

Q)'-

~

.Q~

Q

).~

~:E

e

.Q

~...

0~

-5Q.o"'Q

.o,.o..;'"""'

Q)S

=","'-Q

)Q)

:a .S

-5

.g ~

a

.,a i'":

Q)

.Q)",

Q)=

;a3-5

=

"I:;' -5 Q

Q

) Q

..g =

U

Q) :9

':;' "0

~

go i3 .g

"0=

-->§

Q)"""'=

""";E

Q)...oo~

"3gQ).Q

Q)

~

~

~..§

~

a ~

E B

~

_0;:i=3~

Q)=

~

u ~

.- u"O

~.-

'"

"""""""'U~

u '"

'" =

-

B~

~:E

ous~

o~z§

.~

>-

~

~

rn e

u ';=

-'"

~

U.;..j

0.>

<~

~

O

'~

>U

.k

'" =

u6b-oouu=

0\

>x

oo~iQ

~u

.~

= ~

~

u

e:'1=

' g

'=

""

u .-0

u"Ouu""'=

~

'" =

'"

0 u

t:=~

uucouo=

.du"'"

'Q

u ~

~

--

Uu>

";IV

)..g i

[.~ ~

:;=

- ."'

A.--u

~'"

~.--u

=~

uo. .d

~"'~

.sco U

u

~

.", =

~..g>

<u",,"~

'8 .d

u..g U

~co co

g .-.-=

' 0

0 '"

='"

0 ~

~

.~

.?;-..g rn g ~

'"

s::.d~

£";1"1='

Cco

.-~

u .~

' "'

:>

\3.d

~

~8'8~

Q.8

~

u "'u

", ~

:>o"~

'" ..

...v 0

u '"

~",~

~_.du

==

", u

CO

o;:: ~

0 ",U

-",'",- ;:

.-u U

~

"""

~

~

j ~ ~

; ~ .~

~

(ij >

..g

."" ,

=

>

0~..S

' ~

~

=

-u

~o.

.0 ~

.~

=

uQ

N

'Q

~'"

0 -'"

0\ .~

'3

xo.~o~

o ..,

8~'-o=

r'"1@:'.

~=

"" '"

~~

co>80=

t

=o~=

==

uo§~

u

.-~

'Q>

"'"

-=

u U

r.,

o-~~

u-"'~

~~

>

~~

.

""u~e

'" ~

.B..g

0 0. o.S

;

~~~.5~tt:~~~'"~~'"~.~.5'S.~'"~c'".t:2-E~~~

'U

=.:u

'" 'u

'" =

=

=

;.-u U

E"'ouuU

~J=

:J'- '-'-'-:3J=

:JJ=:J

~

U

,- >

..,

U

';J '"

"'.'=

U

-';J ';J

,- ~

~

0

u =

U

"O

,- U

bO

'=

-8

e- 'G

.~

~

e

~..g

] ~

g

g ~

g

g; 0

"U>

Oo.~

=U

-'-:' ,(1IJ=

:Jdul/')~~

=

"

~

=

,- U

.8-I/')

~

~

';J 0

-=

N

U.-'"

-'-"0.'=

0\ ~

,,~

.- '"

~

~

~

-c:: ~

.'=

~

's ~

'5

e ~

.(11 ..g "0 .s

't: >

U

'"

~

~

'" '"

.bI) 0.

'" ~

...=

:::e~~

~o~

(1I~=

=...:j>

.B(1I..g

~

~:;;;

'2 ~

E

8" ~

bI) ~ 8 't:

8 .!9 8 .~

... 0U

bI).~

.<

'"

~

~

U

~

t/) 5

'" 5

...u._",u

""" ""'..."O

c"O'~

='G

~

:

.?;-.§ "3

§ '5

':::' U

:£,

§ U

0

~

~u

:£, ..g

~

(11 ~ ,-

bI) §

..g"O

'" ~

r-

o.'~=

u"O

.o =

u

=

B'~

...

~0.

=(11

'G

0 '.,

U

~

8 :a

~

,- u

U

0. ~

0

=u""""""O

u'-"OB

bO'"

._U~

=

bI) '.,

~

'" '0

u 6iI

u u

.Z-§ 0

"0 ...

ou=",~

.oU

"""-~"O

U

...0

"'~'-~

t==

u"'u

~uu=

0. ~

~

...u

'~

u ..g

.?;- '"

~

,S

'2 ..g

~

~u

.-0 0

"'" ~

J=

:J .-.0

u >

- '"

u>

"0

.'=

=

~

e ';J

,5 ~

0

~

,-=

.~

0 8

~,

u ~

~

~

...~

'"

.-'" ...

""'>

bO ~

~

-

0-'~

.,

'" ,-.'fi

. ~

-'-' ~

",-u.o ...

u '~

0

~

~

~

"'" ~

,~

U

u'~"ti

~

u,

~~

..g~~

.90~.!9~

~'G

>~

~

'Gfi~

~=

'(1I,~

"""~"'bI)~

U~

~-

u£=~

~..g>

:6~~

~:a,"O

"'~.8~

..g '"

'~

~

B

'~,S

u

~:a:a

~

:a ~

,~

.;

fiu

~~

u u

J=:J 0 ...

0~

(11 '§

.'=

'pO

~

';J .-(11

't: ...=

..gbl)"'~"'

auu=0§=

8u, U

~(1I

'~

.'=

.f=~

'"

'V

~

u =

.~

-:

bI) '"

..g ,-

't:...u

-u... .,

-""' ~

.'fi,-

Zu

~

,- u

><

--U

' Z

u

bI)

~

8 ~

=

.!9

'S:£

~

~

~

~

"0 ~

~

... 0

'Z-0

...~'"

0 ""'-U

""'=bI)'-"'"

cn"uu"O(1I

U"""-"'(1I

~

"3B>

~=

=~

§="'~

~(1I"'o~

J5.'~

,- ;:=

"" 0 ,-

u.- 0

0 l3 ,-

,.0-.'=

-';J'"

v'~

~

(11 .~

~

u .0

'" ~

...

~"O

ug"3","O.!9~

..g~88N

~0

u~§'G

"O~

uB~

-",.8.9.9~o=

~

u u

..g e

'" g

~

~

u (11

~

0Uo

N

U

,g

~a~

",o.;'-(1I~t=

..g"O~

U

~~

'"'5

~~

~

'" ~

~

t=

~J=

:J~

0 =

=

J=:J "'=

'" =

8(11

u ';J

>

,- ,-

';J =

U

bO

U

.-bO"'"

>

"'" =

,-

=

.>-'"

'~,-

e-'

§~

0

.-~

u u

>-

...-..g

=

u...'" ~

'"

.'=

='"0

u

~=

~

..g~0.~

8=~

~]a~

~~

uou~"'

o~~

~=

B=

o"",,-:t ,0

""'=>

- -~

u"'u U

"""

'""u... U

~...,->

"'oo-""'"oS

~

~

~

'"

'" ~

'~

~

a ~

~

u

u.g ~

'>

0.0::;0'-""""""0 t=

uu~...

611 0 :£, 8 ,-=:£, ~

:a u

B

~

~ '-' .9 ,5

,-..t)I)~"'"t)I)

~

~o~

U

.,;'-"""~~

"U

~

0 '" In

~

0 ,.,- 0 ~

=

>

> U

In 0

o.~

'0~

=

.~ ~

0; =

.~ N

.~ l:'

~

'" 0;

.~

tca:g4>do",

00 """'5

"" t)I).oO

"""E3

'" >

. -a 'oj V

>.

-a '" ~

~

t)I)

.'" v

t)I) ~

3 I

g ~

~

~

~

.S

~

g ~

':5 ~

.~ ~

.5:S

fl'Uo .~

'O~

t=~

'O~

t=

'dt=

'" ~

...""i3~

u

O~

~]~

~~

~

~~

~~

",g§eu~

~"""u

->u

..~C

.) """"~

.s ~

~

~

0 ~

g?

-S ~

~

~

:a ~]

~

~.~

"'t)I)"'~

O;""

~~

"'... U

5iI

(ij(ij'dU

~

'" 0

.=

=

'" '"

= ~

'"

'? 0 u O

r\'] §

s.s '" 0

>.

-S~>

~

~ Q

.5 0 -S

0; t)I).~::

0 '"

'" ~

.0"3 ~

0 Y

0

=

u """

'1:"'"N

0. u ...:. >

. -50 :a"

o'a ~

'E

. ~ u

"3"d~o.

~-'"

~

In -=

~

!=

5iI

E3

~

...I 0

~

(ij 0;

§'::;' ~

=

';j

.~

:E

.£ (ij

u ~

~

~

'"

~

Uo~

'?C.)E

~

~~

"'>'

0."""~~

8'O'6

d' C

.) .0 .5

~

~

;::;- Q.g

g -=

~

"3

:i:. '0

=

~

.u .~

:E

u '"

...8 IQ

0

Z

C.) U

§

~

.~

~

0 =

u

:g ~

s -S

~

~

.~

'8 0;

~

.g ~

~

"9

...:. -S ,::;. -S

~

~

O~

"'~"'t)I)

0 o~

~

"3"""'UU

N

O0

.e ~

~

U .~

X

~~~

'" 'E=

~:g

'~:3

8 f.iI.S

8

'v;U

"""O"""'",

=

u.~

t)I). ~

...0

~u'"

~C

.)", ~

Ot)l)

'O

ouo.~~

~

..."t)I)~

~.-v~

u~u~

S

~

'0 '"

§ ~

...~

~

N

'g

.5'- ~

~

-S

8

.t=

:E

§,::;. ~

e>

~

U

]

~

~

.8 8

'fa: ~

~

.s.o,-..

t)I) ~ Q

'0

.-5 .t)I)

", t=

'"

§ '"

0 ...'0

.~

~

C.) z

§ ~

:E

Q

~

'8

Q) C

.) '0 u

..u ]

~

~

~:~

§

'tJ .~

~

~

.fa ~

'?

~

~

~

§ ~

g

;'8

Svu~

>

'::;'u"':=

o.5d'u.~utcau",tca

5-S

~~

~

o~=

":",o-s"'g>')us

0 >

. ~

"3

Q

:E

~

~

~

"U'~

~

,::;.

'" 5

~

.8 5

=-=

u~<

I:~

"'~

Qg5"'..:~

.~~

~C

.).g

§ ~

'g .P

. ~

~

.~

:E

~

~

~

-S

.~

>

g

Q

:3 u

5~'V

u~8

~uu~

Q~

e~..:e-gZ

""-S~

._.o""" u~

~.-

'ou.E~

o 'O

B""

~

~

8 .~

~

.S

'0 -S

t)I) ~

O

r\' ~

~

~

~

~

0. ~

0.

~t=

.- ~

..:

...] N

~

0

U

'" ~

=

'"

.~

'" u

t)I) ~

u '"

..: 0\

0 0

-Su e

~

8 u

~~

~ '"

0~

u...=..:

t)I)"

=>

- ",0

"'Uo>

.t)I) =

,.,-t)I) :_~

Q

..

e ~

~

.e

.0 :E

0

0 '0

~

.5;;; >

.~

~

u £

<I:

~

....~

'"

.-"'" S

~

u

~

..: u.o

~

'";.

'" '0

~

'0 '>

. C

.) ~

'" ..:

~

S

>.

~

~

~

0 -S

~~

u~£

~

""~C

.)O

-=~

~C

.)u'~~

~'-o.~

,",C.)u

""'"0\ ~

~u~

o~

"'-

~

~

.i ~

.~

.u .£

;:0 :B

' ~

~

-S

£

:a'E

~

-g ~

.~

",~u"'~

~:i:.~

~

'u'E.

'~""'eu..:8C

.).s

~

~

e '15 ~

~

~

'a

<a

8 ~

.s 5

'g E

8

'V

5--g~

~

0. ~

~

~

> 0\ .5

0. '" C

.) 'd.- 0. S

C

.) .-

~\J

~~~(;j...;~

=Q.~y'":5...

~~~~~~~~~~;:.

e:~~~~...;~

~]'6'~

~5

.-co>

:>

Uu""

u...~.t:

c t)

.-co '9

c ~

u

-'0 ,~

co

C

.D~

u"::t)u",bO

1,:0=

"" ""

00

Z

~

~'5

';ju

u \0

Q.

t)~

~N

"'~~

""""UU

co

.~

t) =

""]

~

§ .~

.0

'5~

.~

B

§C

>-""~

=t)

=.D

~"'U

I,:i

"3 E

'+

0 E'~

0 ~

u

~

.~0

.u .,

0 '"

~

>-

u:a~~

-5:a.o;o'O

t~~

bOU

.N

-5.£

~","::

e~~

:Eg~

°CO

t)CO

odC~

I-

=

U

~

OO

CO

U

~'"

U

=

>

0~

~~

~eU

~~

O~

Q.U

0 s.'""'

eC.,;

S

=

~

.~

~

=~

~-5&

~8

"'.0 0

:-'0

.?;- U

..:: \S

5

u~e~

~

Q.

( u

~

~

u ~

'"

u ~

0

~O~

U

co ~

bOb"'ut)

0 ~

t)~",.

.;j ~

u

.;j >

- P

-m

U

t)

'" '"

CO

..~

.0

U

~

'"=

U

Ut)

U

.U""~

CO

C

5~.s~

~oC

O.o;oN

.u~

~u

t") u"::

~

gU

,ct)~

~C

O

-5~~

E.~

~5

=

'- U

"" ...~

>

-~t)eU

eO

\I C

O0>

~

'" "'-

'VU

C

-"'VV

r.;'Qv

"'.- .-"i:'

V

U

""' C

>

v ~

.-=

C

.,

o.t:=

"'S'Q

~

V.cO

..v V

.cbO~

;.:=

~

"'-5 .,ot;'

-.U

., C

-0

C_m

-O

V~

-"'.-

V"'~

>=

,"'._-§"i:'~

~~

:og.gl1~

<8

~

Cv

OC

~.~

] ~

'"

., C

-v

.-'-" cuC

'8vS=

co;:°

'" 0.-

v .0

v t:

C

0\ ~

8 :E

-&

tl;:

~

~

~

-§C

"'8.

"'bOV

~v

.0

'Qc>

..'"

~

v."""~ooos

VS

bO~

.c"'S

c'"';:I::O

c" ~

"'v:e

u.- u

'" C

v

v .c

:c

] ~

.,g

~

-5 ~

Q

'"

cQ)-

",0 -..

~

-5 g

-5 .5

6iI ~

~

] :E

"i:"Q._"~

",U

"'",§

'" '"

u ~

.,

~

~

C

."'--""~

O'-"

~

.9!tl;~-5"'~

u~

~~

u~.c~

v ~

"'O\

..'" .s

5. u

e :=

§

:I: .~

-

bO'Q

"O~

C~

~u~

Q)

~.?;o C

..-=

.g

~

"" -=

~

~

~~

.g

.8 Q

) u ~

v

"i) -5

'Q)

..S

S"

Os

.,.~

.tg v

'Q

.Si

S

C

~

~

CQ

)C"bO

8~

0 -0

bO

Q)

C

'" ~

.E:

v 8

~

E"'§

E-5.>

~cu

~

Q)

0S

~

~

.',~

0\ .tg ~v

"" ~

~

~ F

:" '"

--., '-'

~

v .>

~

O.,'Q

;.:=

.."..oC

'" =

'Q

§

.s '9

0 r;;-

~

.tg .9Q

) ._>C

--0\

0 u

~.~

v

."""-O\~

,,,u"'cQ

)~v

=-

=e

=

.-.0 ~

~

~

.-'Q

~

""'

Q) "'-

~

'" .=

v-8

~

~

~

~

-E: .~

-;

~.s

~~

"i:'.cU';:l::e-;.:=

~

~

] -5 :g .~

:e g.E 'Q

) ; ~ ~

",]go'Q~

::::'86~~

8..u=~

~.-0;..,v-",

=0"']'"

~~

.~>

"i:'p

~

8 ~

"i) ~

~

G

o :=

.~

=

-=

..E:

=

.0 .-

~""v""o~

v",.pE=

""' v

..~

~

" ..Q

) '"

~

.-~

U

Q

) u.-

~

v >

Q

) .-

~,"",=

';:I::V~

~';:I::",bO

~~

:e~

~:e~

:e~

Page 11: Reprinted from Animal Feed Science and Technology Volume: 75 · b Oxford Forestry Institute. Department of Plant Sciences. University of Oxford, South Parks Road. Oxford, OXI 3RB,

~ ';!~i!O'

g:';:::.

~f~l..'"'~~~~~.~~...;~';;~~~~

..,J;N-..

~:::.~'if~~].."U.,"~~~~.~~~'\;"g~~IJ

I:.Q::~~~,C

\,~I:~~~--*~~~...u~~~~

>'-O

U~

~.Q

""'o

>',,;...;

>",p"'~

"""U""'

o-u

~

-'~u

-~

m

-Q'

~

~

"'.='-5

]~~

~.Q

:Ev~

§~

~~

.E

~.£-=

.=u-'~

-u~>

.o=u

v -"C

O=

2?=~

=,

uo.~

~

u~o-o=

eu""

u u:o'"

-..(ij -",,""'>

0.'" >

'"C

O B -5

.". ~ .Q

P.

~

"'" 2 .>

~

'" e

~ ~

u '... u..""

CO

-0 ..t.s

.Q"""""

~

'" B

-5 B

S :E

"3 ~

~

.E '"O

.s ~

~ -0 ~

.5

~

u .0~

B>

'~~

-=

uo~~

.

",-5~~

""'~v-ou£

80~5""'.c8.S

8 ~

P

. g

>,

.~

B

~

-0 ~

.~

-~

B

~

§

~=

~

.s

-0 §

.Q

~

'" >

B

>

=

' 2? .:j

~

.~u

euvu u

, o

u",c",~

~ ~

~

:E

'" ';;; ~

='

'~e

=' ~

g ~

0 t.s~

0

v u

0 ~

~

8

.:j ]

=

P.

go U

t.s V

't -0

:0"'-=

""'='

EO

v",.."'t

8~

=t.s~

2?Ud'=

(d u

"'t.s>,§o

"'(d]2?..s.cB

§ou~~

", -oco o

me-""P

.8~

~'"

~

-0 :j

~

-~

§ "'"

8 -0t.s u

u :0 >

, t.s '" >0

.= 'E

~

U""

P..~

U

v E

5 ~

"d >

'"" ..U

-0

~

..(U

cB~

.]

~

~ ~

~

~

-5

~

.go.S

g s

~

~

~,~

~

=

~

u

U~-5 '"0 :0

..'" 2? u ~

"G

:) ~.-=uuuu

u t.s8~

.ot.s.o"B'i52~

~0"",0~

cB

u='-""B

~_B

u..m

~

c .oU

"Q

'oJt.st.s~

~

~

~

~

~ £

..s. B :£ B

~

-fl ] '"0 .~

..a ]0 '-"".Q

=

>

u -0 ~

=]

=' ~

.,

C' =

U

"Q

0 ':j u

w,.",

m

'oJ 0 cn U

-U

'...~

--0

.:j 'E.~

~ a

'" ~

~

.p'.o

..U-O

'oJ -t.s -~

,~

..'"

m,,;

U

P.

-=:iJB

5~=

'~ouuu

uuut.sB",~

(d5 ~

u

P. Z

~

~

~>e -5

8: ~

§"8 >

,'-:=1

~

u ~

u

.' ~

u

u -~

u

='i'=

,~",:O

~B

""'~

t.s-t.:=-5

U0""..,,;

0 u

.0 ...U

0

t.s u

U.",

U

~

U

U

g -0

.£ .~

B

e

~

B

] 6-

~

6'0 8

;... ~

:g

B

,mE=

(d U

p.'" ~

t

'=

.-=

U

>'~

~

~

~ .8 ~

~

§ '588.

-fl ~

:a .g ] ]

~]

~3eu"'a~

~~

§'

Bu.gg'=

-"'B

~0

p':g d'

>

.~

.?;- i- ~

'"

=

~.E

"8 ~

.-0

.';j U

~

§ g

~

.5 ~

~

].~

~

.~

5

~

~

e .~

~

't

~

§-5~",~

'o'iu.t.s[=

.g:g]~t.s§2~

.§~ ~

~

~

.£ '"

~

~

a>..,9

e.E

~

u '"0

0 =

-0

~~

...p.

"" '~

'" t.s

'" P

:E.I:

u (d"3

t.s"'~5.£8]~

.E

",0 t--"'-ouoB

c~8",a

§~.~

g.-;;;-~~

~

8ugu.~.;;0

5 u

§ 0

=

v '"

8 ~

u'=

>

, ~

5

g..C'"8

p.]

-fl .B

-5

.=

;g ~

'i'

'"0 '"

~.I:

8::a.£.B

v ]

-5 g

='=

>

uou~

=t

=,'oJ"",>

uu'"o

e'-""""'=

."""~u

,- u"'0,-""vu

8P

.~

"Q

ou~P

.",.o ~

"'=

~"Q

-O~

t.s

i~e~'0~'i0~-<

u 0

E"':"O

o~5...g=

:sO§

Z""'-'C

..~

(u" ou ~

5

0 u

~

.c= .~

.~

d" ~

.u~

o==

our..

bI) ~

u ou u

'"' =

>

bI) '"

8 =

"0 Z

u .8

=

Po ou

.g .bI)

~.e

=

.9; ~

§~

uou=>

"0'- .-=

.~

>

u

0- .urnouu

8'v

,.., =

u

""

Po~

"""" .:=

""Po

0.ou"".D

."o"""'"

...CQ

-

-=~

O'"

._=u

~

~

..8 ~

P

o 0

~

...;

-Jouu;2';",.~",,~

.".~

:2ou""U§

e ~

~

E

-' e ~

~

.~.D

0.~

u

=

ou1a-rn..g..; oP

oN

,

0 ""

.s.~

~.~

-U

.0

ou ou

u@

. ","0

e '"bI) «

0 ~

u..9

u ~

~

..g u

0 "0 U

"O

'" =

=

"ou

=""'-u->

§bI):>:,ou~

~~

.E~

"3 ~

.."'

"'-c.;ou~",

"""0~

~

~

'v

>,

Po =

()

.E

8 ~

~

]

~

~~u

:g

U~

OU

OE

--§ ~

u U

"O

u ~

ou

~"j

=

.~

..g P

o P

o

>,~

-~

U

U=

bI) -m

.~

>

, ""

=

-"" 0

."'~"'.'"

.~.D

U'~

~£O

~

13"3..gou=

==

~ U. O

'C=

'"

"0 ...~

..9b1)OU

rn""3u~

u",.D~

...9 >

~-d

~

ou ~

..,

.E

>,

=

'" ...

~

i ~

~

.~

.g 1 ~

i

=.-

E--"O

~o

0'" .-ou

~

8 0

.~"'

~~

'Q30P

oo"'"~

.:=

« ~

-=

"0:>-

.D

-=

:... ,..,

.U

bI) "'.'.8

"" ";"

1a~

:oS

=

oU

'>'«

U'

.D

0""'.ou.8 "'.~

U

~

~.S

u

~

~"O

=

U

-.~

::> "0

;2';8

.9 0

E5 P

o ~ ?

~"O

0.8

g.

~~

~~

§~~

~

.g ] .~

~

~.~

! £ ~

~

;.~

~ ~

~

~]

~ ~

.g § ~

i ~

~

.g'§ £]

~]

~ .g

.~ &

. '" G

) .>

-6 ~ d

.~ 0

~

G) Q

j

-:a §

u ~

8 .2 ~

s

e 8 F

G

) ---=

u>

?' £ ~

~ ~

5

~ ;

~

~

.s.2 ~

£

.~

~S

$ ~

.~

'8 § ~

~0'"

~

5 ~.g

~ ~

~

~

'8-G

) ~

=I'4>

~G

),", ?':-O

"" ~

w

,('oI -""'-",,~

,~

~

G)

~

-.-""=

'"Q. 5 2. 't

A

0 '" t: U

-6 '" ~

G

= -;:=

"8 0. &

.~

..G) '0

~ ~

§.~

cn .2.

0.~

~ ~

~

; ~

~ ~

~

i '8

~ ~

£.g 5

] g;" ~

~ ~

~

8 ~ 1]

~ :.e 'g .~

i ]

~

~-;:;

~ =

.8'!d;.s

'g ]

~

~

00' ~

-: 8

8 d

S

8 ~

B

' ~

=

..g ~

d.8

~

.;: ~

;

,] ]

.g .:=

~

~

~

G

;G

) .-G)

~

~

~

...00 ~

~

~

..g

~

a -~

~

"Q

-'"

G) ..'"

0. u

1:= ~

bO

-

..g'Q'j;o

G)

0'O0\G

)~

E

G)G

)B""'Q

'jo~;~

~;o:,~

~

§~",=

==

:.e'O"

~

g'~

.S ].g

~

~ ~

:

1] .[

~

5 ~

~

-8 ~

5'II-E

:c. ]

: ]

:.e"3 :~

~

~.~

s :8 ~

g ~

'5 ~

8. ~;g

g ]

~ ~

~

: ~

.~

~

"-3 :3 ~

~]

~;§

~

~

~ ~

~

8. §

£ .8

~

~

cn ] ~

8:a ~

~

5]

c;:; 8 ~

!l; '"

.~ ~

0. e

'g:a 0

e ~

~

~

.s cn §

~.~

§

0 :;. ~

~

B

0. ~..2

; G

) U

0. 0\ '" :a

=

~

~

-0 !.

~

0. =

B

G)

=

U

~

-;; U

>

, bO ~

.-'13 ~

~

~G

) B

~

~]

~ ~

.~

'0 G

) a ~

.s ~

5

~.;

';; ~.g

~..g

~.g

cn'8 ~

-]

:~ .e ~

e

~

bO '-'

; G

) '" "Q

.- bO

'-' '"

=

'" ~

tQ

'" '0

G)..g

U ~

=

~~

G) bO

= ~

8.c

(U -a

~

G)

G)

G)

-..=

~

=

~

-'" -;

'5 >

, 5

~

~

'Q'j '"

'; G

)..g =

~

..=

'"

.-g '"Q

.'~

.'" ~

P

o "3 .->

,..g ..g

d~

..."3

.0 ~

~

~

'c 0.

--'- .0

G)'~

'" =

'"

-a :s

~

3 U

.0

0 .a

oS. ~

.N

u] .8

~

~

~

~

~

~

.~.~

~

B

§

~'5

[.~]

~

:fj' ~

]

~

B

~

: .~

~

]

1;' g

E

'O~

:a'O~

>,...(U

~>

, 'O

~~

=~

Q-

>~

g~=

o=

<~

o.u~=

'O.8

~

.S

; .2

~.

~

~

-E

==

.0 d

.S.S

~

'0

~

~

.0 ~

~

0

~

~

~

~

~

~

] ~

oS

.,;.s:a.g

~

;.,

'0 "'"Q

~

'-

>,

0 -=

0

=;

-'" ~

0

~

.-G)

G)

G)

-a .-U

~

~

~

~

'8 ~

~

.§ &

'8

.s"3 'Oa

..g 5 ~ -.g

-E ~

G

) B ~ 6 ~

..; -;;

.a '8 ~

~.~

'0 ~

B

~G

) ~ '" ~

='8

-fl '" .a ?':- ~

U .~

~

~

~

= .8 >

~

G) 'c ,..::.

0 '" -'£ .0 -a

: ~

~

.S

~

.~

B

'.s ~

E

: -6 ~

:

g:iI.£ .=

~

.S

.§ 1'0

0. i1

d 'g

~

~

~"O

~

;g =

B

'0

"5 .§

G)

~

~

'0 >

'"

~

0 G

) G

) =

.0

0. C

=

1:=

~

5 '0

--'" ~

~

~

-;;

U

i1 0

s;= =

-~

~

-'m

G) .~

G

) '"

'0 Q

G

) 0

~

?:;- ~

~

'c =

S

>

, G

) ~

'0

~

~

0. 8

-G)';:3

~

..2 0

..~

=

§

:a ~

g

; ~

.§ '0

~

G)

.-6 ~

3

iU S

5

~

.0 i1.g

~

8 G

) .S

~

;g..g;.8 ..g

$ 5

~ ~

.~

.~ ~

] ~

~

.~

$ 1;' ~ ~

.~

"3 ~

~ .~

5 S

~ .~

~ ~

~

~ ~

~

~

~ ]

~

G 8';

jG

) ~ (U

'" ..,

0 '"

'U

0 '"

",.c '"

U

d) ~

8 ~

=

G

) 0 d) -G

) -..g

-G)

'" =

..g :a

go.~

a :;

~

~

=.~

"3

'" '8

1;' '1;' ..2

~

g ~

.~

'0

B

.-~

';:3 ..g ~

~

~

'"

; "3

~

~

~

£-8

'" ~

=

0

~

:g .'"

~.G

) 0.

G)

0. ~

~

~

"'"3

G)

~

~

g bO

(ij

G)

~

"" ..g

'Q'j (U

.8 ...'"

] .g i

~

t ~

~

~

i I

~

~

] ]

j ~

~ ~

.; ~

~

~

] .~

l'~

~

~

~

I ~

~

i

~

~ ~

.'Q'j§0-(U

=~

-;0'O~

G)8"'0-~

_8bOG

) "",-,

~u~

~

>,..2~

~

'"Q. ~

~

~

~

';;'o ~

.~

-E

~

~

"3 ::.

e £

~

.s ~

-;;

5 ~

.~

§ ~

~

] .~

~

] ~

~

~

8

bO £

.~

§ .G

).l:2 =

=

G

) ~

G

) '0 ~

=

'"

~

G)

~

G)'£

.~

'0 bO

G

) 'Q

'j G) ';:3

~

G) .0

->,

§ ~

'" '"

§ '"Q

. U

.-.'!d;-0

..g 0

G)

'0 =

:::=

=

.-'0

;.- 'Q

'j ~

;o =

~

Q

d

U

bO.~

>

G

) =

-0

=

0 .-

§=

?':- ~

-'~

~

G

) .0 0 = ~

G

) '0 .= .-~

~

UoU

..g ~ c

~ ...G

) ~

> .0 .g >

,.=0. =

-'" -6

'0 ~

.~.

=

0. '0 too' '0 -I -=

.- ~

=

2. -~

~

,~

.~ 8 ~

'" ~ ~

~

£J ~.g

E 8 § 'g g ;

'""' ~ 8

.G) 5 ';:3 >

,"3 ~ ~

5 d) ~

~

bO ~

g 8 G

) ~-=

] ~

~ ].

] ~

~ ~

'I i

~ ~

"1 i

~

-= ]

§ ~

j

~

~ ~

] ~

i ~

~ ]

[ i

I [~

1

~u5~~~

~Q.~Y=QUI,)

.v~

...

.~

v'" ~'C

:v

'"v

u u

~ a

or: 5u

>=

e.g

0-S

=

= ~

~ ~

~:i,'"

0 v

:3 u

.-~>

~.5 ~V

:o-5 .5

a

-0 u

§~c2 .~v

'"...0

~z

'" on

v v

u-~ ~~

a

~ '"

-0 to

-0.£p.

v~

-5~

I 0

8~~~V

-o>

~

£ to~U

, ~

.>.

~,~

c

"2 ~

,-]

,g

-5 .g

~

~

e~

.g

0<

B

.=

-.c~

00

~-d

""j

2! ':=

-

'", =

0',-

-,- ,-

~

-,- -~

cO

<

...: .;

:g -a

'" u

' :'!

-c =

,

"0 ~

rl.o~

§

>

:0 ~

"=

. ',=

." 0

'5 on

'5~

:: --

'" :0

-.=

':=

""',.f Z

-Z

=..

~

" ~

""""::"',

e 2

,~~

-;:

8 ~

-a Q

bj)~=

"j"a

() ~

<

'oor-<

'.=

,,

"8~

=

~

>.

>

"'<""c

-a '~

..~

ci.

,-

~

"'~~

""o.,"00,-

() I,",

!-a

"()..~~

,-

>

~:I:

:::>

() '-.

.'8

~

; oS

,~

~

~

'- B

:=';~

o-a0

c._"o.~()

c o.g

§ e

'0,

.g ~

"0

oo.~

~

e..'

~'"

.£ ~

,~

!-' ,-

c..

() ,-

..,

~

B~

'OIl.~

.:( ]~

2,oo.<~

.; c

c 00

i=

~.

.-"0 c

~

'" 000.

].

~

c=

~

'8- g~

iB

<~

"i!:c,It-a~

'O~

~~

~.;,gu

'" ,

'00" 2!

=

.

"8 C

; ~

§

00 a

,() ~

'

-5 ~

~

c

,.§ ~

~

~

c ~

"..- '°i!-<

~,,",

~c"';'~

-.se-5.pci.

~oQ

,()~P

;;~

.

'()to'~'ol:u'"E

-c~--

'-"'

0~

'-,"o.~c~

";",,

"'-;; ",oc~

oo

Ooq;,?._,.=

o~

...;c .-"

() .-

0 ..ih

'=

.~

"'u

Z"-<

oo 0"

"'0'( ,;;;

'oo~~

-O!-'~

~ItU

~

U

0'( ~

"" ~

~

<

; e

Q0

~

~0'(

Page 12: Reprinted from Animal Feed Science and Technology Volume: 75 · b Oxford Forestry Institute. Department of Plant Sciences. University of Oxford, South Parks Road. Oxford, OXI 3RB,

N~ ~J,.-.

~0-~~~~~~§..'"'~~~~].~~-.:..'.:~~~u ~~..,~~~"to

oS'"~~§~"~~~].,~~~"'=g~s ~C

-0

~e

,- ~

=

bI)

,~

'" bI)

'>

0,.

..0 =

~

g ~

,5

,-'-

~

' >

,~ ~

'~

~

,5

-<0

>-

""bI) -.0

0c~

-

'?:- i8'" ~

~

'~-i3

0- "0

~""

-"0 -

0 ,..; ~

0 ..

-.-;" ...oS

~~

~

~

6-':;..>

-<

'" ~

...g~

~

~

I.c .,

I ~

C

'"~

j;M

.!! ,,~

~ cP

o.. 8.-

S"O

O

..61D'-

C

~

=

0 '"

~..

'" (.) ,

~o~

~

(.)0

" >

. 0

,- :=

]

~~

~

~

g~',.

~

~

0 ..p

't: .0

"" ~

.g"

'- ,,0

"" 'u

(:5C1)",

°-:i~C

I)C

"bI)

C M

...~,-

oS,~

,0 ob '"

as,c 'i-"8

~ ~

;; ~

a~g

~~

~6

~~

d: ~

~"O

~u

~..

,..; 0 C

,

""'~

o-~o~

~"'..

0->."';=

~

g 6

-&j

~ ,'"

-, '> ]

u' ~ ~

~

~

5 C

-"'~

0

of 'c ,- ~

~

or; 8'a'

0 ~

~

<

~

(.)

'~-

(.) 0

'~"0

(.) "

'~

,- =

C..

~M

"-

..~~

~

,g.uj~~

.. ..I

'a ""

6

"~~

'" -oS

""E

'" ,- -'"

c (.)

-2

,"O~

--:g£~>

.""~

cQ,]C

3.o-'~

Q,

0 0

-Ccc=

-""'-~

o~

0

,,~

-.a"';~

,~

'~d'~

<~

::;gq., ,.g

-~~

ou~uo

'00""0 t:

"~

.."oS

-~odc.

-"OC

I) ~

0

~

~

0

~

~

~

j 'fj

~

13 :E

~

§

"0 .g

.g .~

'3

~

~

BJ~

,5

"0 "0 .:s

j.~

L'J

~

.l;- §

'3 Jj

] .S

""

~

.=

'-'- '=

~

,,~

oS

] oS

' c

'" .00"

;:='=

"""'" >

.;:5'tI

~

'E

~

0" .~

~

13

c .~

~

'" "0

~

",,' \0

o~.g~

~

"0

~

~:.§

g~

.S

0...

.§ ~

i

~

] t5

:§ 8

:~

.8 ~

:

.g ~

.~

~

J:

g ~

~

-:

! ~

~

~

.f ~

.-eo 1.§

g ~

.[

~

~

~

"" .~

.S

'...

.j

=

~

~

.~

..§ ~

~

-: .~

-e

~

~

~

" .oS

~

r£'S

~

~

~

'=

~

..-o

J. 0

.: 0

~

::a;§ ~

[

~

~

.~.~

.~

.~

5

] f;;"

~

~13

8 ~

~

d

~

Q.

cO

~

~

oo.a ~

~

.~

:g

~.,,~

.~

~

'0

'-oj ~

,,=

:':3"'tb

c.I;' b.",

""""

~";u'~

.P."8.."

~c.

.., c

.~

0... >

-=

.~

..,

.=co-""

"'...c

g ..,

] ~

.g

.~

.:s 1

d ~

.s

is .,

.81 :s

~

8 ~

'5,

8 S

"0

~

j d-

~

.]';'.a.§ '=

.oS

.g

~

;§ .:,

."'8, "".~

B

.8:::~

"'~]

t--~

(:5'"":' .g<

2~.,

c.;;::"'E~

'~'~

"'" ~

~

...,~~

j ~

~

] j

! ~

roO

! §

: ~

~

~

i

~

~

i ~

I'

~

~

.j '!]

~

1 ~

~

~

§"

i ~

~

li;'1

~

i ~

]

~

.to -""

ad-'" §'

;30 ~

\O'8

'~

0"'8 c.-

~"~

'~""0,"O

~

,"'.,

~

~

d §

~

.~

.§ ~

.8

r:: :g

~

§ 1

>.

~

:3:" .g

M

~

~

~

8~

;X

B

~

~

~

"..g ~

]

Soi

~

5 ~

.~

~

~

;!"

~

~

~~

c""

"'.~

...0"0'=

~

8 'O

=c."'"

"'.0"><

.,~

~

., >

.

~

'i '8

00 .~

;;; ~

'"'

'" '5,

~

8 >

.c

; 13

:§ ~

a'8

.E:.o

=

~.-

&.

..§ 0

~

E

~

...g 13

e; 0

.,

~

13 ~

2

.S

...c 'S

~

a

<

~

'-'=

~

8 .~

g

] ~

!'.

~

; .(

~

~

g ::..

eo] §"

~

.~

"0 8

.[ ~

g

~

] s

~

s. ~

's. ..~

'c"""\O

"~f!~

3's. ~

.c.a00-T3"""

~0""8~

~

C:

c. ~

~

"~"c

.."e;."=

oS

8 ~

"0

~

~

: ~

~

~

cs:"

~

~

'g ~

~

~

~

]

~

~

~

~

s. 8

.f t5

~.,j

." .?:

~

.~

~

It.g :£

~.~

~

's.

.". F

"' 0

§ ~

3

~

£ .~

~

~

:;

~

8 'U

'=

"8

~

u ~

§

g ~

~

~

8

~:§

~

.( :§

~

r£ is

] .oS

0

"0 <

] ~

00

.2" .~

g

~

~

..~

~;X

.S

~

>.

~

§ ~

o ~

U

:

J oS

~

.~

~

8

-.~

"O.g:s

~

..or :s

.§ .(

~

~

~c

: .~

~

8->.g'~

00

-~o",

"~'...~

""

"'-13" '-

CbO

-,..,-:e-.(.t: 8

o~..

~

~

;J: 8

~

~

. 1'

-g .~

fi

~

-: §

u. .~

,~

r. ~

~

~

~

cO

~

g '5

'>'§

~

~

.g "':

~

B

J ~

B

~

~

~

~

:~.~

.~

'gI..0,"';'" £

s'~~

.""'.2,,,,-

00. 2'

.~

~13.s~

.,=

~

:~a

',,'3<oS

~

~

=~

~

s..oS

Q.

vi 0

~

'c :g

IE

~

a.g ~

§.g

.gS

~8

i g

~

~

0 ~

~

"0

~

;(1 s

~

.~

~

'; ~

~

.~

~

" "0

..; c

~

~

'" c..13

'" 0"

o,~",

~...",

060...", 'S

'" ""

~=

.:=

,N..=

,."C

o,~.c...

0=

~~

.B

'>

a ...~

.S

~

-: ~

:~

£

~

.". '=

<

~

";u' ~

B

'*

~

.,: ~

~

..2

..-0 >

.'E

~.E

,'8

£ ~

8

...c~

'" ~

.. ~

0

'~13

'~'~

'6 ~

,..,"\0

""""tOo>

=~

t: =

' 'a

~

13~

;:J.S

0=

0 ~

"1xi~

'~,c.

~.2";1)c:.o°8

~~

.f~"d-g.

~~

~"'N

'~"'~

~

,,,OJ'

,~.g..

~

! ]

~

~

.~

~

~

.~

I ~

~

~

~

1

~

00 ~

~

~

~

.~

J ~

~

~

~

[~

~

~

a ~

~

~

::;

~

!'~

~

~

~

~

,;: ~

~

I

E

>...>

<~

"8

s§.g8~]~

U80=

""~"

I3S.~

"i'-~

E-'=

V)00.,;

c<-S

'~

'§"13 .o-~

.~t:c.

£ 'g

O.

,; ]

~

8 .Q

.~

8

I:.., .0

-:.~

8 ",

Q.

'""': &

.J. ~

.~

~

~

~

~

~

.;;

~

~

~

~.2

'i.g 'tI

~

~

0=

2 .:5

g '§

.to'~

~

~

~

-0 "

'E

8.~

:6 1";

8 ..-:.

~

] ~

".g

~

cO

e;..oS

:;i ~

g.

~

.=

~...,

.a .s

0=

'5, g

-0 ..;

~

~

0 0

.".'~

-,~

c.'c ~

...c

.;

~~

~.g~

:(j

8E~

~g"'N

~0=

~~

~~

~~

;:=g~

0§:vj~~

~<

~1"i'",ti,.§,..,.~

.g~8

-t;S

'§~r£'s.;a.g.

-eo"", 'c

"0"""" .8.~

,0 ~

.~~

.~o=

".~

.~.c..'3

, z,,~

..,~..

~E

~

.", ]

..:; .[

"0 ~

:

.is oS

~

.§'.~

~

~

:3

i'~

-s: ~

.J.

g ~

]

~

~

'5 ~

.~

~

~

~

~

"8

~

~

:;;. 0'

~

~

8,..:;'~

.5 ~

~

7

.] u.

: ]

.g ~

<~

>.,.,j;3::::.

8t-]~~

~

'<~

~U

oc .~

"JI3"§a~

,13~

.&-.t~

sd~<

.~.o=

.~~

~o=

'd.9;.c~~

§ .~

.~

~

[1

~

M

~

~

~

:z; .~

~

.g

~

E

f4 oi'~

~

.;

:E

~

~

oS

;$ .:5

~

B

~

;X

~

.oS

g :g;

2 C

'fj

g g

~

~

s.: ~

~

]

~

~

.~

8~~

' ~

- \O

~

F"'o"

..=f:;'E

".oC~

-d""-O

'U-9

.80=.c""".9;",~

~.c;>

"~

'co>.~

=

CI)

:s '8

8 .§

~

'"":' ~

~

~

Q

. 6

~

.~

~

&

~"6

;:J .s

~

.;] §

g a

-.g ~

8]

: ~

. .~

~

0.

a :;

5 §

,.iJ" :.J

.s ~

s!

~~

. "8.

~

"8

.-~a~

_~

-0=

~~

B

-.;- '.~

~

""'~O

=~

>':C

"" P

..~

...c-..;~o~

~

.",co, .o,c.

--i~oi~

~

~

<",.;~

~.g~

.,; ."g..-o~

~

':-::-9 ,~

.g~"

~...;>

.-o.§~.§'d"",~

,-.

,..;"

~=

.c~

-..;~"fi-,,,

~

=

"'~-,"'.o-

u,..,.",.~

.4)c

,",o=

""~,,,,

...~.

-'-.0 >

--~

"'>

. .",

.

~

';;;' .~

,..;

§ j

i .f

~

.~

u 3'

~

~

~

'eo d

.~

5. ~

~

~

~

.S

~

eo.g

v":I: g

~

e 13

o£ 13

~

~

.g ..;

.~

~

~;:=

5

~

~

:I; .~

:;f

~

~

~

~

0"""...0 ~

"'~"'c""""

'-c-o" oo

~."oo,~

" ..o=

",C4),",o,o,~

""""~",,-,,c

13

",~c...",;;;...

'oS"~

o"",,o

'~=

==

oi~

'U.c...0",.c-d"0=

0..0""""~~

~--0=

°8

'" .eoo."

",~

"c.

~".c~

"'- .~

N,",~

>-O

'.I4'" .I4"'

=:c...=

~

.c.~

,...~

"'" ~

""'~C

..>c.

c S

>

00'"

'" 8.

-§ 0=

.."~

.c

~

~

~

8 c.

00

8 ~

6o:f,*~

:3 ~

~

~

~~

~

~

~~

~

~

~!J