REPORTS OF THE WORKING GROUPS - United Nations · 7 092 exmmmalm 093 anaim 094 f&egmicltlaaat 095...
Transcript of REPORTS OF THE WORKING GROUPS - United Nations · 7 092 exmmmalm 093 anaim 094 f&egmicltlaaat 095...
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United Nations Group of E%perts OR
4eographicalNames Working Paper No. 61
Eighteenth Session Geneva, u-23 August1996
Item7 of the E%ovisfonal Agenda
REPORTS OF THE WORKING GROUPS
+ Natali a, Professor of of -msalem, Israel
Cartqraphy, The Hebreu UhiVersity
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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMfC TERLMINO~OGY
WtaIbyNafiaIl~- .
PART I:RaLsx
vbim 3.0 upi8elfuiyl9!J6 .
001
. 002
003
004
oo!l
006
007
ooa
009
010
.
.
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ol3
014
015
016
017
018
019
022
023
024
02s
026
027
biliaw
-.modiGed
sequala~esfocJphabedcsaipt.
putting into dphabetic order. see dso Kqucna ruIt!% Qphabctk
Rtlpreat8Ii00, e.g. ia 8 computer, wflich employs ooc only numm ds but also fetters. Ia a wider sense. aIso anploying punauatiocl tnarksmd-SymboIs.
Persod name. Esamples: Alfredi ‘Ali.
seecIass.f-
GrqbicsymboIusedurunitiawrIdu~morespedficaty,r ppbic symbol in 1 non-dphabedc writiog ryste.n& Exmlptes: Chinese ct, , thong; Ambaric u , ha: Japaoese Hiragana Q) , no.
Wnprehauive term for cheater. simplified aad character, varIaoL
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031 CbmJnyol
032 CISS, featm?
033 cQdedrepfwltatiul
034
035
036
037'
038
039
040
041
042
047 caavasion alphabet
048 ConMQo table*
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049
051
052
‘053
054
055
056
057
058
059
060
061
062
063
ofa
. -.-
adllRaIfeatlue
drufieki
0nevahte0frpointinlhisgr8ti~
w%idofplaaecoordiaarurnm;aingoftwosetsofsnpight~ -* rtcight8ngfIertoeachotkrodwithap8ltKliuofl8qthonbo&
gz
. rupenmposedonr(chieflytopogtaphtc)map.see8lsouTM
see axxdimtes. rectangufar.
A stahle form of speech, deriyed from a pbfgin, which has became the sole a ptincipal language of 8 qxech comtnunity. Example: Haitian awle (derived from Fresh).
see feature, allhlral.
*
Ac&uioaofsoftwamrcqkdfocusingrdgRaIdatabmem rstoauMe~osctlto~thisdatabase.
ckalog of defItitioas of lbe contmuofadigitaldatabase.~ud- hlg data element cefw labels. f0mw.s. internal refm codMndtextemty,~well~their-p,.
see&tadichlq.
DeMptioa of 8 basic unit of -Lkatifiile md defiile informatioa tooccqyrspecEcdataf!eldinrcomputernxaxtLExampk Pateofmtifii~ofluwtby~namaturhority’.
S~foc8spedfiCQtaclementh8eornPutv~rdExample: thefieWfachecoordinatcrin8placeaamecomputetd
DataachangekspeciaiIybyamputer~viasmdan&&c&es dfcc tetmhology not bound to a pmiatlar language.
v&e a cwtent of a paaiallar data ckmcnt in 8 specific comput- er record. Example: 0x.01.94 in the data field fa ‘date’.
The posihility of ma&g andfor using the same data 011 differem amputefsystexns. ’
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066
067
068
069
070
071
072
073
074
075
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6
081
084
dottnatrixprinteE
ctanat.SpSC
edonym*
090 Qcbojrm*
091
computer-Iiaked pciatiagdevice whidl prints text, and ill amy cawglaphia,aasetiesofsmaudooandaoc8slinuoruei& secaIsomstermodc
llutpartofrtoponymwhichdc4saotcoas&ue 8gttWfCtum
arxiwhichdisfh~ifflumodlasofuaesamef~~rt auy Lade m UdcIe mdkx other liaguisticeIunea& Exullpk POltElizabeth:RiOmCapegf.
Endonym sanchoed by a aames authority. Example: anxx~g the allonyms Hull rad Kingstua-upoo-HulI (Engtand), the latttr ir the
see feature. topogtaptlk
AcmrdiqtoUaitedNyioososagc:nameusedint~~ gwlge for a topoglaphic falalre situawi ourside tile nru vhae rhattquageIlasoffiisfans3.raddiff~gfiQmtfletndoayln a0t only tWugh convvsion cc the omissioa of dIa&tia Exam- ples: Warsaw b the Eqlish exofl~ for warszawp: IJYoch is FreachfortmRnn;MaiIaadisGewaforMiho.’l’heofficiaUy r0msrhdeadoqmMaslonforb4xxaa isaourarym.norisSao Pa010 foe so Pa010 QC Piayia Beijiig, WhiIe Peking k il exatym The Uakd Natious recomfneod minimizingttleuseOfexmynuIfl iatetnatisapl usage.
A diffehq view holds that 8 same givm by a partiarlat hguktrc 00mtnunI~ to 8 plaa wwl f&y belonged ta a politicalcntitp (e.g. 8 couattyl when the language of ti CommrmitY had offi mtus, and wItid differs from the official etXtOUym. Oc to 8 Pb ia m area where this ~guage, white having no offida! statu% b salf widely spoken - does sot amstitute an utOq’=
see also tndId0m.I Ilane. substitutionof an uonym for aa endonym. See aJso nattts tratts- fotmaf5on.
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7
092 exmmmalm
093 anaim
094 f&egmicltlaaat
095 fenumci8ss
0% -fatmn&m3
097 Icrtrprs,- 098 .
terapn.-
101 fedture, mall-made
102 fearuce,aatucal
103 fmphJnial
304 feitrps,topgm@c
105 futrpn,-
109 fuu
110 form. graphic
111 famat
112 facmat,a>mplta
* seefealtJre,exaatemstnal. seename.etmtmmu see geaerlc clemulr. false seedsa,f-
see W-P-
seefemwe,maQaadC
Geogtaphkal feature made, et significantIy mod&d, by man. Examples: caa& road; popufakd place c!omplementaIy term: featun, aatuml.
‘Topographic feature ooc aude or signifiatly modified by man. Ewmples: iivu (but aot canao; futst (but oat plrlwiod. chmple- fnemaytam:ftatu~atamna&
OrgM, aderai md aamed aaecdal of canpatter ?ceords.
A typeface of 4 spa5iWrype. style mtl size. -let 12-pOht Tiies Roman; 10 cpf eh3racter-per-fncfzf- Brougham t talk
se focmaf. fik.
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113 format, file
114 full title’
115 gazetim, index
118
132 gcqheme
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l34
13s
136
137
l38
139
140
141
142
143
144
14s
146
147
148
152
hmiwsa .
fntaf8ca
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163 tqtmge, Mtiotul*
164 iqu8ge,Ma-or~
ltis ktgu8gt,offici8l
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168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
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185
186
187
188
109
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
litetafy htlguage
local mane
We
mrp, dti=ipN*
see ctgiul. tin*
Ths 8c5dFkstody of hum80 language in dl its aspects, including, phoae.tiu phoaoIogy, awphology. qntax and semantks.
See Language, literary. See name. IocaL Gr@iicsymbtarcombiicaofsymbofswhichrepresenaan catimfkeamphemesudtarword,withoutsqmatelyqx’esas- ing ftt corrztituea phonema or aylldlu Exmples: hp8neae Kanji III fw pat18 or sao (mooot8in): Chinese 7@ for thoog (midmel.
S=lerdcoo.Gogograpbic
seescrlps,logoppa
Map script in a mukiscriphral amp.
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203
204
205
207
208
209
213
214
215
216
217
818
219
220
221
222
223
ltlltrkef, vowel*
tbo In tbe spedfic coataa of.this gkssaty 8 topoaym.
see anc4lyuL Seeaitmstandaidited
Toponym~gof rgeneric mdrsp==~w,@~f* spdic cotnpma comktiag.l>f a@e tlm cot woni. empIe: Mount Coatr; Nearport; Newfoundla& Kerioki::R8-m Siam Nevada oriental; Stem-Tint. CotnpkmaWjf Wttc aamc simplex,
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224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
226
237
238
239
240
241
.
om=.compOund
oome, indig-
oalne, Ysiaat
14
see mole. composite.
Tqmnym applied to aa ufl;~~vrrstrfaf featum Exmtpk Niu Olympics 4x8 Mats).
Toponyut&mdiahistocWdoaune&~andbehgnumaeia curmu Ix& Exanlpk Ebuaaml uor York. Eglandl: Media- haunt (for MiIaao, Italy); New Amstdam UrnNew Yak. USAl: Edo (for Tokyo. JapanI.
Topcqm in, ac derived front. aa Migenous tngurgc Bumtpk culabah (Aborigiaal.~, Ehfr*ozini c?du,sourh~.
Toponytn applied by (I geographically limited secux of a BnguWc communi~toafeatufewithinitsuea Itmaydifferfromtbe standatdlzed cndonym.
Toponym applied to a feature oa the surf= of the tnooa, Exam- pfes: Gagaria; Msre T~quillitatis.
Name of a hydrogaphk fcaturc associated with the tea
Topoaym h a minority hguage.
Toponym sanctioned by I &zgaIIj axstituted (e.g. natioaaI) names authority and applied witbill its jtlhcaiorl.
oseetoponynt.
Desui~venamecxprrssedhIocal~sndlarlguage.~les:
&Rub’ aMWE (he anpty quarter. Saudi Ambii: Da&t-e Kavir (big desea. tan).
A word which desfgoates an individual being or object. Examples: All%% Bdiig.
Siigfe-word toponym. &ally consisting of a specifk axnpoaa oaly. Examples: ICiiev; Temulco: MalaW Al-Qi&imb Caid is GtSO4SilTlplCC~.SincsilltheorigiMlAl%biCIlleU3i&pl- coastitutes a bound morplume, ic an integral unhypbmaed pdii colnplanaltacy tune aamee composite
Namesuc&aedbytaamuauthorityathepref~aarnefkom among a aumber of aUonyms for 8 given festurc Howcva, 8 siagle feannc may have more t&a one aandHiz& aamc Exam- ple: lcaapw and ape Towa (but not capemu).
~topoapm. .
An uonym ia dtively widetpresd use by a partiatfar Ihguktic commun.Q and usually found in its paditioa aud titerat~. Exam- ples: Akxandrie [Freud11 for &Wan~yah kabii; J&&s (Span&h) for Yerushaayim G&brew): Pelchg Er@MlI foC seijing Kllilld.
see alloqm.
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242
243
244
245
246
at7
248
251
252
2s3
254
255
256
263
264
.
-rutbority
aoa-offichl language
OCXl--
aoa-vowened
pbOOdC
phonetic, pilaeid
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16
267
a58
269
-270
lm
272
273
274
275
276
277
27a
279
280
Relating ro phonoIogy.
77leaudyofspeedlsoundsdtheir~iar~taa- guageccintwoorlnmlaclguagesconsiderultogetberfora.xnpar- 8th Purposa.
see ffsture, pllysical.
Graphic qmbol which rept-emts M objeu via graphic-visual simi- larity in order to convey &her itJ meaning or the sound of its name. See also phonogram.
A datively stable f&n of speech developed 85 aft uudliary lan- page, whose VW end sphtn of anplo;umeru m-e aalzuwly limited rad whae granunw, pbonotogical smxcmre andaylem simpk rhaa those of &~3 iaagwge(s) from which it w8s evolved. Exampla. Tok F’isia fNec+MelslKsiacl) bssed 00 English): Bazw MIih~blMill@klndoaesip;petitMauresqut(Fd~kr N&~:FaaagaIbbuialybmmZulu.Sourh~.A pidghwhidbeamcshemo&ertongueofrlhgdsdc~ tyksaidlobe-see8Isoereole,
Acronjrnr for pictum clement: the unit of srorage and display ‘m ~rastymodc
see topoap name. plaix 0.
See index* place aames.
se data ilombility.
see IMguage. pliacipal.
Asetofiaswaionsdireaiagtheaxnputerwhichoper&tsto petfonn.cOmplaneataytewdataztbesecaabeoperateduponby rprognm.
see oafne. pmper.
(al 8acic focla of 8 logographic 4wactcr. Example: one of the 214CXnesebasiccfiaactcn which epesalt categocia of sease. such s rhe charaaer fw *tree’ 00 the basis of w&i& the Iogogmns for qJei5ilc kinds of tree are cwtnraed.
h a computer, norage and display of data oa a dense grU of pixels amanged incohxnns and cows. Example: Satellite images arc amally mcml in caster mode. Complementary tezmz vector mode.
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17
288
289 290
. -w toot
291
293
294
295 script. donor
Re-collvasi~ of 8 mutt of tnasiskradoa iat tbes4wwe&* see atao teverliity. Ackauai&ofcrmJn-wIlicb~tsrwrittea~ftcmto becoavertedfromoascriptor~ting~tatb~,md suhsequmtly to he ceconverted back into the 8ource script, the mutt h&g ideaticat with&e ocigiflat.
Convtrsion from aon-Romau Into Roman s&pt. FM the@lowing, single mmanitatioa systems have beez~ approved by Unite&~ations Cod- up to the time of witing: Amharic; Bulgariau, Mace- do&a, Russian md sabo&sb Cydt.k m &uanagari: Fani:Gm%Hekew:p;hmer;ThaL Examples: ABM -a Athim l&am 4 Maskvaz ¶‘¶Wn 4 Tei-
AVi~lt:Y4NifXi&
A ses of graphic symbols anptoyed 31 witing or pcintiag.$ @rtiak tar language. diffeg from anotW set sot ooly bytMace or font. Groups of diffsent sa-ipu fom writing systkB% @amptest Roman. Greek. Cyril~. Arabic, lcomm. nai razl Km saiptr belong to the atphabetsc qwlg Jystem: Amhpric,, &pw!3 lcana #ltIluit(lEslrkno)totbelylkbfc;-HanrrrilJapaiwefcprl”r~ u) the logogmphk
Saipt belonging to the alphabetic writing m in wb$& 8 single letter or di- or uigraph in principle npceseaa & single phoneme or diphthong. Gamples: Roman, Greek, CyciU.ic. W, A&Xc and &brew are dpbabetic, but tie Iatter two are defective.. Le. mainly cmsonant scripts. to calpweticl lcowa (H%lgw; letten ece gnlphicaty olpized in mghty squ* syuab’u: uaia.
$ee script. defective alphabetic. Alphabetic script in wbicb tbe tenen CxdtrsWy W$xVdotiW represent consonants, vow& being dtniwly:w~p~ rented by noa-letter mar&n ia the form of dots ot bsrlrbove, &tow or within the consottant tettur, Exampk: Aabicami Hebrew. see atso vowel marker‘
see script,souruz. -
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18
307 -rules+
308 sbatfom(ofrtlam4’
309
310
311
312
313
314 soutce taoguage
315 somesuipt
316 speaiceIexlent .
A script-g of togograms and bektoging to fhe logogaphic writtng sys&m. Examples: Chinese; Japanese Kan]l,
see mq.scTipt.
see script, so-
seuaipt..target. .
Arcriptbelodging#,rhe~~fcrrittng~iawhichtn,or umaligotayof,ch4tacteueachrrpreKntmentirtayu4blcExam- pIcsz Ethiopian &nhark Japanese Katakana and Kiragans Ynuit Bdmol syilabics. Korean CHaa’gulL though dphabetic, Ls graphi- Cdly arid vhaatly syllabic. See ako alphabetic script,
A script into whi& a toponym may be convected fian its source 8cript. See dso tanslikradon. Example: Roman script in the romahfzadon of Greek.
(b)Abodyofitemlistedinthisonler.
Rutuchatifidtcminwhicborderwords(e.g.toponynxia4. - . gaze!tes~shouIdbetn;nrgedwithrespecttothesequ~oftbdr Wcrs. syilabograrmoriogqm. Robkms may arise apedally with Jetten omitted in the ainveocional way of citing the rrIphabet orI~~withmarkurocdIauI~asuchui,b.J,10hGamaa: UoriiaSpaoisbasweilswithbypheoatedwords.
In topcnymy, the ibbuviated or shoct vest00 of a oame. Example: Qinr. for 7lx People’s Republic of China Complemeatxy (crm: long fona
sejh#1fom(ofraameL
seediacrittc.
see ame, simptex,
se czaracm, simplikd.
Programs. procedures and data ass~ciaed with the operath Of 8
computer q3tem C4xnplemeotary tesm: hardwate.
se Iilnguage. source.
see SCTipt, source,
see etenlent. specilic.
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32s
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335a
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syibbic 6s a ix&
syuabiijaipt
syllabifiioa
aylhbl~
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342 343
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$45
347 348
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550
351 352
353
ODesaiptioaaadgqhicqcesshuoftherbovt. The activity or process of axtferring topoaytns
proper aale applied to a bpoglapttk feaflxm c24mpeave tenttfccgeOgraphicaiandcmatvrrctrial SeeitlckpIace~
(a) The science which has as its object the study of toponyms itt genePal. and of geographical nama ia partiahr.
cb) The totality of tOpanyms in a givm regioa.
SeeaPmc.smd=kd
s&e sllonyTiL
See aame, traditionaL
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366 rmoacalind 367 OmoOwdfcd
36a mgtid
372 -laagllage
373 %mlmxle
374 vocabdq .
375
376 vocabd
sn vowd
378 -vowelkna
379 vowdfnuka
380 vowel pofflt*
381 vOwelId
382 writing system
Acronym foe UaW Naricos Group of Experts od Geogmphical Names.
seevocahth
h 8 computer, storage aod display of graphic infonnatioa tpciia, lines, pclygons) with the aid of points defmed and addressed by their (usually feaanguku) ccicdinata. C0mplemeatacy temc raster mode.
see v-OLL
see letter, VoweL
seefndef,vowd.
see vowdalnrker.
see lrcmliioa.
Method of Rprcsentiog the ekments of phonology and morphology of a language by a ses of graphic symbols whicfi make up w dpb- bet, a syllabary cc a logoo,raphlc lexfccn, reJpeUivdy f* aa alphabetic, syllabic ar logographic writing systun. A writiag ~~~mk~0mposedofhpa.