Reporting southeast asia

A Region of Striking

Differentiation

SOUTHEASTASIA

Introduction• Southeast Asia is made up of a

large mainland peninsula, and a maritime area with 20,000 islands scattered through the pacific and Indian oceans.

• It has an area of about 1.6 million square miles.

• It has a population of more than 593 million people

• Rice is a staple food of the region and grows well in the warm, humid climate.

• This region has a tropical climate, consisting of a rainy monsoon season and a dry, hot season.

• Islam is the most widely practiced religion though Buddhism and Christianity are also practiced.

• More than 1/5 of the population (about 125 million) lives on the Java island of Indonesia.

Country Capital Population

Major Religions

Political System/ Government

Head of the

State/ Government

Important

Notes

Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan

432, 106 IslamBuddhism

Christianity

Absolute Monarchy

Prime Minister

and President: Hassanal Bolkiah

Hosannal Bolkiah was the

wealthiest man before

Bill Gates


Major Religion

s

Political System/ Governm

ent

Head of the

State/ Government

Important Notes

Cambodia Phnom Phen

14, 478, 000 Theravada Buddhism

Constitutional Monarchy King:

Norodom Sihamoni

Prime Minister: Hun Sen

The Cambodian

flag is the only national flag that has an image of a

building – the Angkor Wat.

Country

Capital Population

Major Religio

ns


Head of the

State/ Governm

ent

Important Notes

Indonesia Jakarta 249, 900, 000

MuslimHindu

Protestant

Republic President: Joko

Widodo

• Indonesia has the second longest coastline in the world, after Canada.• Indonesia has the largest Muslim population in the world• Indonesia and Monaco have the same flag but Indonesia's is slightly wider.


Major Religions


ent

Head of the

State/ Governm

ent

Important

Notes

Laos Vientiane 6, 693, 000 Theravada Buddhism

Communism

President: Bounnhang VorachithPrime minister: Thongloun Sisoulith

Since December 1975, the official name of Laos has actually been “Lao People’s Democratic Republic”80% of all Laotian work is in agriculture.


Major Religions


Head of the

State/ Governm

ent

Important Notes

Malaysia Kuala Lumpur

29.72 million (as of 2013)

IslamBuddhism

Malaysia is a federation of 13 states operating within a constitutional monarchy under the Westminster parliamentary system and is categorized as a representative democracy.

King: Muhammad V of Kelantan

Prime Minister:

Najib Razak

Tin, oil, and gas are the major natural resources of export significance produced by the mining sector in Malaysia.


Major Religions


ent

Head of the

State/ Governm

ent

Important

Notes

Myanmar Naypiyadaw

54, 549, 825 (Growth

rate: 0.82%)

Theravada Buddhism,Christianity

Unitary State, Presidential system, Constitutional republic

President: Htin Kyaw

State counsellor: Aung San Suu Kyi

Myanmar was long considered a pariah state while under the rule of an oppressive military junta from 1962-2011


Major Religions


ent

Head of the

State/ Governm

ent

Important

Notes

Philippines Manila The current population of the Philippines is 103,154,399 as of Wednesday, February 1, 2017, based on the latest United Nations estimates.

Roman Catholicism

Unitary Presidential Democratic

Republic

President: Rodrigo Duterte

The Filipino flag is the only one in the world, which can determine whether the country is at peace or at war, depending on how it is flown.


Major Religions


ent

Head of the

State/ Governm

ent

Important

Notes

Singapore Singapore 5, 775, 626 as of January

1, 2017Mahayana Buddhism,

Islam, Christianity,

Hinduism

Parliament President: Tony Tan

Prime Minister: Lee Hsien Loong

74.2% of Singapore's population are of Chinese origin


Major Religions


ent

Head of the

State/ Governm

ent

Important

Notes

Thailand Bangkok 67, 976, 405 TheravadaBuddhism,

Islam

Constitutional Monarchy

Monarch:Vajiralongkor

n

Prime minister:

Prayut Chan-o-cha

Thailand is the only

Southeast Asian

country that was

never colonized

by a European country.


Major Religions

Political System/

Government

Head of the

State/ Government

Important

Notes

Timor Leste Dili 1, 173, 000 (as of 2013)

Christianity, Muslim,

Buddhism, Protestantism

Semi-presidential,

Representative,

Democratic, Republic

President:Taur

Matan Ruak

• Comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor• Used to depend upon exports of coffee, marble, oil, and sandalwood.


Major Religions


ent

Head of the

State/ Governm

ent

Important

Notes

Vietnam Hanoi 95, 261, 021 Mahayana Buddhism,

Christianity,Caodaism

Communism

President: Tran Dai Quang

Prime Minister: Nguyen Xuan Phuc

Literacy rate of

94%, rate of

unemployment is

one of the lowest of

all developing countries

ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian

Nations

•Motto: “One Vision, One Identity, One Community”.• The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, or ASEAN, was established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand, with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration) by the Founding Fathers of ASEAN, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand.• Brunei Darussalam then joined on 7 January 1984, Viet Nam on 28 July 1995, Lao PDR and Myanmar on 23 July 1997, and Cambodia on 30 April 1999, making up what is today the ten Member States of ASEAN.

AIMS AND PURPOSES• (1) To accelerate the economic growth, social progress and

cultural development in the region through joint endeavors in the spirit of equality and partnership in order to strengthen the foundation for a prosperous and peaceful community of Southeast Asian Nations;• (2) To promote regional peace and stability through abiding

respect for justice and the rule of law in the relationship among countries of the region and adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter;• (3) To promote active collaboration and mutual assistance on

matters of common interest in the economic, social, cultural, technical, scientific and administrative fields;

• (4) To provide assistance to each other in the form of training and research facilities in the educational, professional, technical and administrative spheres;• (5) To collaborate more effectively for the greater

utilization of their agriculture and industries, the expansion of their trade, including the study of the problems of international commodity trade, the improvement of their transportation and communications facilities and the raising of the living standards of their peoples;• (6) To promote Southeast Asian studies; and• (7) To maintain close and beneficial cooperation with

existing international and regional organizations with similar aims and purposes, and explore all avenues for even closer cooperation among themselves.

10 + 3

• The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a regional grouping that promotes economic, political, and security cooperation among its ten members: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. The bloc’s biggest challenge is negotiating a unified approach to China, particularly in response to its widespread maritime claims in the South China Sea. The United States sees ASEAN as vital to the success of its strategic rebalance to Asia.

• ASEAN is chaired by an annually rotating presidency assisted by a secretariat based in Jakarta, Indonesia. Decisions are reached through consultation and consensus guided by the principles of noninterference in internal affairs and the peaceful resolution of conflicts.

• After the Cold War in 1991 and Vietnam War in 1975, ASEAN's membership doubled. The group started to launch initiatives to boost regionalism. A deal to create a nuclear-free zone in Southeast Asia was also signed in 1995.

• ASEAN members moves to integrate their economies to mitigate future economic turmoil after facing the 1997 Asian financial crisis. ASEAN states also signed a declaration on joint action to counter terrorism in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks in the United States.

• In 2007, the ten members adopted the ASEAN Charter (PDF), a constitutional document, providing the grouping with legal status and revamping its institutions.

• The charter set out a blueprint for a community built on three branches: the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), the ASEAN Political-Security Community, and the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community; in 2016, the AEC’s inaugural year, the bloc’s economy is expected to grow by 5.3 percent.

• Still, some experts see the AEC as a potential catalyst for intensifying economic integration.

• Since the start of the ASEAN free trade area in 1993, intra-ASEAN trade has grown from 19.2 percent (PDF) to 24 percent (PDF) in 2015. The grouping has also prioritized eleven sectors in goods and services for integration. ASEAN members have made strong efforts to facilitate trade, says Hiebert, but challenges remain.

• ASEAN security challenges include border disputes, human trafficking, natural and manmade disasters, food security, and cross-border terrorism and insurgencies. The vast majority of regional security issues are dealt with through ASEAN or the following ASEAN-led forums:

• ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF): Launched in 1993, the twenty-seven-member multilateral grouping was developed to facilitate cooperation on political and security issues to contribute to regional confidence-building and preventive diplomacy. The forum represents a wide array of voices—including ASEAN, its dialogue partners, North Korea, and Pakistan, among others—yet it is often mired in geopolitical disputes that limit its effectiveness.

• ASEAN PLUS THREE - the consultative group initiated in 1997 brings together ASEAN's ten members, then China, Japan and South Korea. -- "the most coherent and substantive pan-Asian grouping"

• EAST ASIA SUMMIT (EAS) First held in 2005, the summit seeks to promote security and prosperity in the region and is attended by the heads of state from ASEAN, Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, Russia, South Korea and United States.

Despite the prevalence of diplomatic forms, disagreements haunt ASEAN unity.

• ASEAN members have been divided by their relations with China and the United States.

• Following China ($346 billion) and Japan ($239 billion) respectively, the United States is ASEAN’S third largest trading partner ($212 billion).

• President Barack Obama’s administration has also increased U.S. participation in ASEAN activities. In November 2015, U.S. and ASEAN leaders elevated their relationship to a strategic partnership, followed by the first standalone summit between heads of state and government from the United States and ASEAN members.

• At an August 2016 summit with Singapore's prime minister, Obama said “much of our work in the Asia Pacific region is not a matter of active conflict, but rather creating an architecture, a framework of rules and norms that keeps the peace and that has underwritten security for the region and for us for many years now.”

• ASEAN brings together neighbors with varying economic, political, and social systems.

• Such diversity means that full agreement on any single issue can seem insurmountable.

• In 2012, Kurlantzick recommended substantive changes to enable the organization to lead integration efforts in Asia

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