Reporter : Chin-Tzu Chang Advisor : Cheng-Chien Wang Date : 2014-06-16.
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Transcript of Reporter : Chin-Tzu Chang Advisor : Cheng-Chien Wang Date : 2014-06-16.
Reporter : Chin-Tzu Chang
Advisor : Cheng-Chien Wang
Date : 2014-06-16
2
Outline
1. Introductions
2. Experimental2.1 Material and compounding
2.2 Mixing and cure characteristic determination
3. Results and discussion
4. Conclusion
Introductions
NRModified
ENR
CH3
(CH2)2O
C C
CH3H
(CH2)2
n
• Tg• Oil resistance• Permeability• Polarity
Review of the Literature
ENR
Silica
Si
R1
R2
R3
SH
• Tensile strength• Tear strength
Epoxidized natural rubber
Natural rubber
Introductions
Rice Husk Ashes (RHA)
white rice husk ash (WRHA)
black rice husk ash (BRHA)
silica and carbon
Evaluate
RHA
Commercial silica
Commercial carbon
ExperimentalMaterial and compounding
CH3
(CH2)2O
C C
CH3H
(CH2)2
n
Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR50)
OH
O
SSulfur
Zinc oxide ZnOStearic acid
N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole-2-sulphenamide (CBS)
ExperimentalMaterial and compounding
Tetrametylthiuram disulphide (TMTD)
‘N-isopropyl-N-phenylenediamine (IPPD)
γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (A-189)
ExperimentalMaterial and compounding
Table 2. Chemical property of WRHA and BRHA
Table 3. Physical properties of WRHA, BRHA, silica and carbon black
Table 1. Typical formulations
ExperimentalMixing and cure characteristic determination
laboratory size two roll mixing mill
ENRFiller Siliane
ENR
Filler Siliane
Curing agents
Curing agents
various filler of compounds
Results and discussion
Fig. 1. Typical torque-time curves of WRHA-filled ENR vulcanizates.
Results and discussion
Fig. 2. Typical torque-time curves of BRHA-filled ENR vulcanizates.
Results and discussionTable 4. Cure time (t90), scorch time and maximum torque of WRHA-tilled ENR vulcanizates with coupling agent
Table 5. Cure time (t90), scorch time and maximum torque of BRHA-tilled ENR vulcanizates with coupling agent
Results and discussion
Fig. 3. The effect of filler loadings on tensile strengths of WRHA and BRHA-filled ENR vulcanizates.
Results and discussion
Fig. 4. The effect of filler loadings on tear strengths of WRHA and BRHA-filled ENR vulcanizates.
Results and discussion
Fig. 5. The hardness of WRHA and BRHA-filled ENR vulcanizates.
Results and discussion
Table 8. Cure time (t90), scorch time and maximum torque of WRHA, BRHA, silica and carbon black-filled ENR vulcanizates with and without coupling agent (20 phr)
Results and discussion
Table 9. Physical properties of WRHA, BRHA, silica and carbon black-filled ENR vulcanizates with and without coupling agent (20 phr)
Conclusion
1. The main objective of this study is to gauge the possibility of utilizing the
low-cost rice husk ashes (RHA) as alternative filler materials in epoxidized
natural rubber (ENR).
2. It has been shown that with white RHA, apart from exhibiting better
physical properties than black RHA, properties are not much more inferior
when compared to the commercial carbon black or silica-filled vulcanizates.
3. As a whole, this study indicates that the potential of RHA, especially the
white RHA, can be exploited further by controlling particle size and particle
size distribution, improving filler dispersion and also its surface
functionality.
樣品打滑
• 材料除水• 腔體內的清潔• 檢查溫度參數
發生打滑便暫停混摻,將材料取出並重新啟動 (累積混摻時間 )。
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