Reported Speech

Direct Speech

Reported Speech

Indirect Speech

Simple Present (play/plays - don’t/ doesn’t play)

Simple Past (played – didn’t play)

Present Continuous (am / is / are + ing form)

Past Continuous (was / were + ing form)

Present Perfect (has / have + Past Participle)

Past Perfect (had + Past Participle)

Present Perfect Continuous (has / have + been + ing form)

Past Perfect Continuous (had + been + ing form)

Simple Past (played/went - didn’t play/go)

Past Perfect (had played/had gone – hadn’t played/gone)

Future (will + Infinitive without to)

Conditional (would + Infinitive without to)

Conditional (would + Infinitive without to)

Conditional Perfect (would have + Past Participle)

Imperative (Example: Open the door! / Don’t open the door)

Infinitive (Example: to open the door / not to open)

Other Changes

must had to (+Infinitive without to)

here there

this / these that / those

today (on) that day

yesterday the day before

the day before yesterday two days before

tomorrow the following/the next day

last week the week before/the previous week

next week the week after/the following week

now at that moment / then

ago before

Introductory Verbs:

- to say, said, said - to reply, replied, replied - to complain, -ed, -ed

- to tell, told, told - to agree, -ed, -ed - to explain, -ed, -ed

- to ask, -ed, -ed - to disagree, -ed, -ed - to answer, -ed, -ed

- to suggest,-ed,-ed - to order, -ed, -ed - to add, -ed, -ed

- to offer, -ed, -ed - to emphasize, -ed, -ed - to insist, -ed, -ed

- to advise, -ed, -ed - to announce, -ed, -ed - to apologise, -ed,-ed

Personal Pronouns Possessive Reflexive Pronouns

Subject Object Adjectives Pronouns

I

you

he

she

it

we

you

they

Me

you

him

her

it

us

you

them

my

your

his

her

its

our

your

their

mine

yours

his

hers

its

ours

yours

theirs

myself

yourself

himself

herself

itself

ourselves

yourselves

themselves

Attention! The auxiliary verb do, does and did disappear in questions!

Examples: Where did you see the film? \\ Where do you see the film?

He asked her where she had seen the film. \\... where she saw the film. BUT

Simple Present – Simple Past

Ex: I don’t play tennis now.

He said that he didn’t play tennis at that moment.

Simple Past – Past Perfect

Ex: I didn’t play tennis.

He said that he hadn’t played tennis.

To report questions with NO question word that start with a verb you use IF

Ex: Are you at home later?

He asked if I was at home later. (the verb doesn’t need to be before the subject because it is

no longer a question)

Exercises:

A. Change into the Reported Speech:

1. John said: “I live in a nice city and my house is very nice.”

2. They explained: “We will finish our homework on time.”

3. Mary asked Anthony: ”Where do you live? Is your house near?”

4. She told him: “I am playing computer now because my mother lets me.”

5. He asked her: “Are you listening to my CD?”

6. His mother insisted: “Have another piece of cake. Don’t be shy.”

7. The teacher asked Paul: “Do you usually bring your book to class? Is this your book?”

8. The student answered: “Yes, I have my book here with me. That isn’t mine.”

9. My mother told me: “Clean your room now or I won’t let you read these magazines.”

10. The doctor asked Jack: “When did you feel this pain? Was it very strong?”

11. She said: ”I went to the cinema with my best friend, but we didn’t like the film.”

12. Her uncle told her: “I have never been in London, but I would like to go there.”

Your teacher

Susana Pires