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CONCEPT DESIGN REPORT STRUCTURAL ENGINEERINGxxTH MAR 2010

EUCALYPTUS LIBYA, TRIPOLILIBYA

CONCEPT DESIGN REPORT STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

XXTH MARCH 2010

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index1.Introduction 41.1Scope & Project Description41.2.Design Codes41.3.Construction materials61.3.1Concrete61.3.2Steel61.4.Analysis and Design Software Tools61.4.1Design Packages61.4. 2CAD Package61.4.3Documentation Management System61.5Durability And Fire Resistance71.6Design Criteria71.6.1Serviceability Limit State71.6.2Build-ability and Value Engineering71.6.3Health and Safety82.Design LOADS AND LOADING COMBINATION 82.1Proposed Loadings82.1.1Material Densities82.1.2Dead Loads82.1.3Live Loads92.2Lateral Loads92.2.1Seismic Load92.2.2Wind Loads92.3Earth Pressure Loads102.4Hydrostatic Loads102.5Load Combinations102.5.1Ultimate102.5.2Working103.GEOTECHNICAL INTERPRETATIVE REPORT104.LATERAL SUPPORT /SHORING105.DEWATERING116.BULK EARTH WORKS117.WATER PROOFING AND SURFACE PROTECTION SYSTEM118.SPECIFICATIONS119.OVERVIEW OF STRUCTURAL STRATEGIES129.1Summary129.2Foundations129.3Ground Slab129.4Columns And Shear Walls129.5Slabs And Beams129.6Expansion Joints179.7Facade17

1Introduction 1.1Scope & project DescriptionThe purpose of this report is to conclusively address the issue of structural feasibility by demonstrating overall stability and structural adequacy with respect to the loads such as gravity, wind and seismic, that the structure will have to withstand.The scope includes the general requirements and various design parameters that are considered in the structural design. The structural design of the building will be carried out with due regard to the following considerations: Efficient and Cost effective design and sizing of elements, lEase of Operation and Maintainability of building, Feel of safety and comfort levels for occupants, Co-ordination with other disciplines like, Architectural, MEP and Interior Design Departments. This report addresses two components within the Eucalyptus development, they are campus commercial and the shopping centre. CAMPUS COMMERCIAL:The scope includes the design and construction of the campus commercial offices which will act as a connection between gate way buildings, Conference Facility/Exhibition Centre, Hotel, Residential and Commercial zone and the remaining facilities on site. Main scope elements include;- Transfer beams will be required at podium level below the buildings due to the change in geometry of the buildings and the discontinuity of the columns at the podium level to upper floors.-Deep soil fill is required at podium level due to the landscape around the buildings.SHOPPING CENTRE:The scope includes the design and construction of the shopping centre which will provide a vital revenue stream and act as a connection between the residential zone and the hotel/conference/exhibition area. It includes a large hypermarket, department store, cinema various other shops and cafes/restaurants. Specifically, the main scope elements include;- A glazed panelled roof skylight over Food court/Retail area at 4th floor.- A large cantilever portion at one of the corners which is supported by raking columns.

1.2DESIGN CODES

Concrete BS8110: Part 1: 1985(Amended November 2005) Part 1: Code of practice for design and construction

BS8110: Part 2: 1985British Standard: Structural use of concrete(Amended November 2005) Part 2: Code Of practice for special circumstancesStructural SteelworkBS5950: Part 1: 2000British Standard: Structural use of Steelwork in building(Amended May 2001) Part 1: Code of practice for designOf rolled and welded sections

BS5950: Part 2: 2001British Standard: Structural use of steelwork in building Part 2: Specifications for materials, fabrication and erection: rolled and welded sections.

BS5950: Part 3:British Standard: Structural use of steelwork in building Sections 3.1: 1990 Part 3: Design in composite construction(Amended October 2006)Section 3.1: Code of practice for design of simple and continuous composite beams)

BS5950: Part 4: 1994British Standard: Structural use of steelwork in buildingPart 4: Code of practice for design of composite slabs with profiled steel sheeting

BS5950: Part 8: 2003British Standard: Structural use of steelwork in building Part 8: Code of Practice for the resistant design

Foundations BS8004: 1986British Standard: Code of practice for foundations

BS8102: 1990British Standard: Code of practice for protection of structures against water from the ground LoadingsBS648: 1964British Standard of weights of building materials (Amended October 1969)BS6399: Part 1:1996British Standard: Loading for buildings (Amended October 2002) Part 1: Code of Practice For dead and imposed loads

BS6399: Part 3: 1988British Standard: Loadings for Buildings(Amended May 1997) Part3: code of Practice for Imposed Roof LoadsASCE 7-02American Society of Civil Engineers: Loading for buildings Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures UBC 97Uniform Building CodeCode of Practice for Seismic loads (Earth Quake Loads)

1.3Construction materiaLS1.3.1 ConcreteThe design of all cast in situ concrete elements will be based on the following concrete grades and reinforcement specification.

ELEMENTCONCRETE GRADEMPa

SHOPPING CENTRECOMMERCIAL CAMPUS

Sub Structure

Foundations4045

Super Structure

Slabs4045

Retaining Walls 4045

Columns5060

Shear Walls, Lift Walls and Staircase Walls5060

Beams4045

Concrete mixes shall be designed with durability specifications for sub and super structure in accordance with the Geotechnical Investigation recommendation.

All site tests shall be carried out by an approved independent third party testing laboratory. The test results Shall be submitted to the Engineer for review and approval.

The nominal maximum size of aggregate shall be 20mm, unless otherwise approved.Conventional reinforcement must have yield strength of not less than 360 MPa for mild steel and 460 MPa for high yield tensile reinforcement.(Deformed bars Type 2, conforming to BS 4449:1988)Welded wire reinforcement to be hard drawn mild steel conforming to BS 4482.

1.3.2 STRUCTURAL STEEL

The particular grade of steel used shall be as follows: Grade 43 (S275JR/ BS-EN-10025) or Grade 50 (S355JR/ BS-EN-10025) - for Hot rolled sections, Hollow Sections, Bars and Plates up to 16mm thickness Grade 43 (S275JR/ BS-EN-10025) - for Base Plates.Protection against Corrosion will be specified according to requirement, four technical systems for protection of steel against corrosion will be considered according to the site conditions, international standards, codeof practice and local authority requirements: Painting Galvanising Spray Metal Coating Nuts, Bolts and Washers protection.

1.4 Analysis and design software tools1.4.1 DESIGN PACKAGESThe project will be delivered utilizing the following technology packages:In the analysis of the different structural elements, GAJ is utilizing the following structural software Etabs Sap 2000 Safe Prokon Excel design spreadsheets

1.4. 2 CAD PACKAGESAll the CAD documentation is prepared using AutoCAD drafting software.

1.4.3 DOCUMENTATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMAll documentation will be stored on the documentation management system, in accordance with our ISO 9001: 2000 certification. Data backups are done on a daily basis.

1.5Durability and fire resistanceIn order to ensure sufficient protection against corrosion and fire the following cover to the reinforcement will be considered in the design of the concrete elements:ElementConcrete Cover

Foundation (shallow-deep)70mm

Ground Beams/Retaining wall50mm

Columns30mm

Shear Walls30mm

Slabs / side cover of beams30mm

Top and bottom cover of beams 30mm

Steel work shall be protected by such means in tumescent coating; plasterboard; block work; concrete encasement; fire protection spray, as to achieve the required fire resistance. A fire rating of 2 hours will be considered for all concrete structural framing elements.

1.6design criteria1.6.1SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATEFOR GRAVITY LOAD:Vertical deflection:Reinforced concrete beams and slabs deflection are based on limiting the total deflection to span/250 and this should normally ensure that the part of the deflection occurring after construction of finishes and partitions will be limited to span/500 or 20mm, whichever is the lesser, for spans up to 10m.

Vibration Limits: Target system frequency of 4HZ

fOR Seismic Load: The Inelastic Response sway M = 0.7RS Story Drift Limitation using M shall not exceed 0.025xh for fundamental period less than 0.7 seconds and 0.020xh for fundamental periods equal or greater than 0.7 seconds.(where h is storey height)

fOR WIND Load: Peak lateral drift under serviceability wind load conditions of : Height/500 Maximum inter-storey drift under serviceability wind load conditions of : Height/400

1.6.2Build-ability and Value EngineeringProductivity and quality are two inter-related issues of utmost importance in the construction industry. The build-ability concept and ISO quality management systems are used to help raise productivity and quality standards in construction.Build-ability is the provision of construction details and materials, which simplify the construction process. Achieving build ability will help reduce construction costs and likelihood of claims.Following are some of the general principles to be considered in design to achieve good build-ability: Carry out thorough site investigation prior to design. Designing for standardisation, repetition, safety and ease of construction. Selecting a structural system that suits the site conditions. Minimising the number of different types of components, to simplify the process of sorting on site and make the potential for reprocess more attractive due to the large quantities of same or similar items. Designing the components, to a size, to suit the intended means of handling i.e., assembly, transport, handling etc. Plan for essential site production requirements. Designs should allow for accessibility of labour, materials and plant.

In the design we carry out value engineering study to achieve essential functions at the lowest total costs over the life of the project with the following phases, Information: Gathering the information about the present design and cost, then determines the needs, requirements and constraints of the owner as well as the design criteria. Function Analysis: Analyzing the functions to determine which need improvement, elimination or combination. Creation: Using a variety of creative techniques such as brainstorming, to generate alternative ideas to perform the Project functions. Evaluation: Refines and combines ideas, develops functional alternatives and evaluates by comparison. Development: Based on the evaluation phase, the team begins to develop in detail the alternatives with the greatest Potential value. During this phase it is essential to establish costs and backup documentation needed to individually convey the alternative solutions. Presentation: The final phase of the VE study in which the best alternative will be chosen and presented to the client for final decision.

1.6.3Health and SafetyThe design will be carried out with due consideration for compliance with health and safety standards and safe methods of construction and maintenance, to reduce the large number of serious and fatal accidents and cases of ill health which occur in the construction industry. Buildings will be designed to withstand all foreseeable loadings and operational extremes throughout the life of the building. Buildings will be designed to sound engineering principles in accordance with appropriate design codes and fit for purpose.

2Design LOADS AND LOADING COMBINATION

2.2Lateral Loads 2.2.1Seismic LoadThe structures will be designed to UBC 97 seismic zone 2A as per the local Authority RequirementsThe zone coefficient taken 0.15 as per UBC97 Table 16-I

Occupancy Category: 4 - Standard Occupancy Structures Seismic Importance factor I = 1.0

Site Geology and Soil Characteristics: Soil Profile Type Sd (Assumed)Required conformation from soil investigation

Site Seismic Hazard Characteristics: Seismic Force Amplification Factor ()=2.8 Ductility Factor R = 5.5 Tension Factor Seismic Zone 2A 50year Design Life

2.2.2 WIND LoadThe design will consider the more onerous of the following lateral loading conditions: Wind Basic wind speed 45m/sGround roughness category 2Class C Notional Horizontal Force : in accordance with BS8110: Part 1, clause 3.1.4.2

2.4 HYDROSTATIC pressure LoadsThe project is close to the sea and has basements, as a result a high water table is expected. Depending upon the soil Investigation report recommendations, Foundation system and the retaining walls will be designed for hydrostatic Pressure Loads.