Report tfhtrdhtr htrgfd fg th gfn yr tfghcn yrh

7/24/2019 Report tfhtrdhtr htrgfd fg th gfn yr tfghcn yrh

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ROLE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN IMPROVING THE LIVES OF

SLUM

SUBMITTED BY:

LOKESH TANEJA2K14/EE/073

INTRODUCTION:re

Narro a!!e"# $%r$!%&' ()*# %*( +!a#*%$ roo,#- o+e& .ra%&a'e# ae. %*( +o!"a'# a&. (ea+# o, #*%&%&' ).- +%!e# o, 'ara'e a$$))!a*%&' %& $or&er# a&..ar +a##a'e# T(%# %# &o* *(e +!o* o, a&" Ho!!"oo. o%e .e+%$*%&' !%,e a,*ere&.5o,5*(e5or!. )* %# *(e *r)*( %& (%$( a !ar'e $()& o, +o+)!a*%o& %##*r)''!%&' S!)# are *(e rea!%*%e# e are a#(ae. o, Ura& e!! o,, #$or& a**(e%r #%'(*- #()..er a&. %#( *(e#e #o)e&%r# o, ra+%. %&.)#*r%a! 'ro*(.%#a++ear ,ro *(e ,a$e o, *(e%r o*(er%#e ea)*%,)! $%*%e# )* *o *(e%r .%#a"-%* .oe# &6* (a++e&

A$$or.%&' *o UN6# %e&&%a! re+or* *(%# "ear- *(e *o*a! &)er o, +oor %& *(eor!. (a# 'ro& *o 278 %!!%o& +oere. " %'ra*%o& a&. +o+)!a*%o& 'ro*(A!*(o)'( #oe 227 %!!%o& +eo+!e e#$a+e.*(e $!)*$(e# o, #!)#,ro 2000 *o2010- *(e %&$rea#e o, 99 %!!%o& %# #*%!! a %' a..%*%o& I& I&.%a- D(ara%5 A#%a6#%''e#* #!)#+a oer 179 #)are %!oe*er# a&. %&$!).e# a& e#*%a*e.800-000 *o 1 %!!%o& .e!!er# I* %# #a%. *(a* 99; o, *(e +o+)!a*%o& o, M)a%!%e# %& #!)#- (%$( $oer o&!" aro)&. 8; o, *(e $%*"6# !a&.

T(e#e .ee+!" e&'rae. +%$*)re# o, a #(a&*"*o %& o)r %&.# %# *(e re#)!* o,(a* e &o*%$e ,ro a%r $o&.%*%o&e. $a%&e*# o, o)r $ar# )* a #!) 'oe# )$(e"o&. *(a* T(e %**er +%!! (%$( e (ae *o #a!!o %# *(a* %*(o)* *(e#e#!)#- *(e a$(%&er" o, *(e )ra& !a&.# %!! rea .o& %#era!" T(e#e #!)##)++or* *(e #a!! %&.)#*r%e# " #)++!"%&' !aor a&. #e% ,%&%#(e. 'oo.# %*(o)*(%$( *(e %..!e a&. !ar'e #$a!e %&.)#*r%e# %!! #),,er a a##%e !o Lea*(er."%&'- 'are&* ero%.er"- re$"$!%&' $e&*er#- aer%e#- #oa+5a%&' a&. $!a"5+o* a&),a$*)r%&' are #oe o, *(e To $!ear *(e a%r ao)* *(e )a!%*" o, *(e#eo)*+)*#- *(e !ea*(er *a&&%&' a&. ."e%&' ,a$*or%e# $)rre&*!" +ro.)$e a*er%a! ,or%' &ae ra&.# #)$( a#


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o, +oor!" )%!* a&. oer$ro.e. (o)#%&' ,a$%!%*%e# B)* )&!%e I&.%a- T(e#e$o)&*r%e# *oo *%e!" #*e+# a&. %&*ro.)$e. !e'%#!a*%o *o )%!. !o5%&$oe(o)#%&' ,a$%!%*%e# %*( %&%) #*a&.ar.#

T(e #$e&ar%o %# ,a#* $(a&'%&' *o *(e 'oo. o, *(e .e!!er# a# e!! ,or *(e $%*"S!) .ee!o+e&* %& I&.%a %# *(e &e ae (%$( %# #ee+%&' *(e .o& *ro..e&area# a&. $o&er*%&' *(e %&*o (a%*a!e a&. ("'%e&%$ !%%&' #+a$e# ro%.%&'a#%$ %&,ra#*r)$*)re- #a&%*a*%o&- e.)$a*%o& ,a$%!%*%e#- !%'(*&%&' a&. $o)&%*"#+a$e# are *(e *o+ +r%or%*%e# %& *(e %&.# o, *(e $(a&'e aer# o!"er*e$(&o!o'" $a& 'rea*!" $o&*r%)*e %& a$(%e%&' *(e#e 'oa!# *o %+roe *(e$o&.%*%o& o, #!) .e!!er#- a&. a ,e o, *(e o.e!# o& (o o)r ra&$( $a&$o&*r%)*e %& *(%# e&.eaor (ae ee& .%#$)##e. (ere

MODEL I: USE O RCC SLABS OR ROOIN< UROSE

Ho)#e# %& #!)# are a.e ,ro a ar%e*" o, a*er%a!# ra&'%&' ,ro +!a#*%$#- +o!"a'# *o $o&$re*e Hoeer &oa.a"# a *ra%*%o& ,ro *(e )*$(a6 ae#(%,*(oe# *o *(e +era&e&* $o&$re*e (o)#e# (a# ee& +ro%&e&*!" a.e %& aaor%*" o, #!)# B)* *(e e>%#*%&' roo, %& #)$( (o)#e# %# *(a* o, AC S(ee*#oer *(e r%$ a!!# (%$( %# o, &o .ra#*%$ (e!+ e%*(er D)r%&' ra%&" #ea#o&- AC#(ee*#6 roo,%&' 'e*# .aa'e. (%$( *()# re#)!*# %& a*er !eaa'e a&. .a+e&%&'o, *(e a!!# )r*(erore- *(e .ra%&a'e #"#*e %& e*ee& *(e *e&ee&*#

or.%&ar%!" .oe#&6* ,)&$*%o& +ro+er!" a&. *(ere" $a)#e# ,re)e&* $(o%&' o,.ra% .)e *o #*ee+ #!o+e# A +er*%&e&* #o!)*%o& *o *(%# +ro!e $o)!. e )#eo, Re%&,or$e. Cee&* Co&$re*e @RCC #!a roo,%&'

To e&(a&$e *(e !oa. $arr"%&' $a+a$%*" o, $o&$re*e %* %# re%&,or$e. %*( #*ee!ar# @Rear# o, .%,,ere&* .%ae*er# +ro%.e. %& a& a++ro+r%a*e a&&er S)$($o&$re*e %# $a!!e. Re%&,or$e. Co&$re*e a&. *(e rear# are $a!!e. *(ere%&,or$ee&* T(e#e rear# are +ro%.e. a* ar%o)# !o$a*%o %& *(e re)%re.&)er a&. .%ae*er# *o re#%#* *(e %&*er&a! ,or$e#- (%$( are .ee!o+e. .)e *o

*(e !oa.# a$*%&' o& *(e #*r)$*)re T(e r%$ *%!e# e%&' +oro)# a&. oreoer !a%.o& ). a&. ).5+!a#*er .)!" 'ro)*e. %*( $ee&* #a&. or*ar .o &o* 'a%& *oo)$( (ea* %& #)er a&. *(ero5a$*%o& %# &e'!%'%!e- *(ere,ore $ra$# .o &o*o$$)r %& *(e o%&* o, r%$ *%!e# (erea# *(e ar!e/ o*a( #*o&e or *erra==o*%!e# (%$( are 'e&era!!" !a%. oer a e. o, $ee&* or*ar a,*er !a"%&' r%$5a!!a#* $o&$re*e o& RCC roo,- 'a%& (ea* *oo )$( a&. .)e *o *(ero5a$*%o&-(a%r $ra$# o$$)r# %& *(e o%&*# o, #*o&e #!a# a&. *%!e# ee& %& *(e ,%r#*#)er (e& *(ere %# a $o&*%&)o)# ra%&- *(e a*er +e&e*ra*e# %& *(e roo,*(ro)'( *(e (a%r $ra$# %& *(e o%&*# a&. .a+&e## %!! a++ear )&.er *(e roo,

#!a S!a )&.er *(e e. o, #*o&e #!a# a&. *%!e# %& *erra$e ,!oor# a&. ,!oor# o,a*(roo# e*$ T(e r%$( $o&$re*e %*(o)* +ro+er re%&,or$ee&* %# +ro&e *o


3/19

$ra$# .)e *o *(ero5a$*%o& Soe +ro,e##%o&a!# a&. a#o #)''e#* *(e !a"%&'o, FK)aF %e r%$5a*# 'ro)*e. %*( #a&. or*ar o& *(e RCC S!a (%$( %#a!#o &o* #)%*a!e

Lo Co#* Ho)#%&' %# a &e $o&$e+* (%$( .ea!# %*( e,,e$*%e ).'e*%&' a&. )#ee&%ro&e&*a!!" ,r%e&.!" a*er%a!# (%$( are #)#*%*)*e ,or $o&e&*%o&a! )%!.%&'

$o+o&e&*# !%e )#e RCC Door- ,!oor a&. %&.o ,rae# %& +!a$e o, oo.e&,rae#


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%': %!!er S!a

Nora!!" 9@129 $# *(%$ RCC #!a# %# )#e. ,or roo,%&' o, re#%.e&*%a!)%!.%&'# B" a.o+*%&' ra*%o&a!!" .e#%'&e. %%*) $o*r)$*%o& +ra$*%$e# !%e ,%!!er#!a a&. +re$a#* e!ee&*# *(e $o*r)$*%o& $o#* o, roo,%&' $a& e re.)$e. "ao)* 20 *o 29;

ar%o)# Ra*%o# o, RCC

RCC .e&o*e# Re%&,or$e. Cee&* Co&$re*e %& (%$( $ee&*- #a&. a&. ar% are!a%. %*( *(e (e!+ o, %!. #*ee! T(%# %# o#* %+or*a&* +ar* o, *(e #*r)$*)re


5/19

S*r)$*)re $arr%e# %& (ea" !oa.#

I+or*a&* RCC #*r)$*)re #)$( a# $o!)- ea#- #!a#- $a&*%!eer- C((aa-+or$(- a&. a!$o&" e*$

M%&%%=e *(e e,,e$*# o, ear*()ae


6/19

*(e#e!e# A ro)'( e#*%a*e '%e# *(e $o#* o, a%&' )#e o, $o&$re*%&' RCC124 *o e R# 30 *o 39 +er # ,* @a# +er *(e ra*e# o, 200?

Area# ,ro (ere $o#* $a& e re.)$e. are:

1 Re.)$e +!%&*( area " )#%&' *(%&&er a!! $o&$e+*E>19 $# *(%$ #o!%.$o&$re*e !o$ a!!

2 U#e !o$a!!" aa%!a!e a*er%a! %& a& %&&oa*%e ,or !%e #o%! $ee&* !o$# %&+!a$e o, )r&* r%$

3 U#e e&er'" e,,%$%e&$" a*er%a!# (%$( $o)e# !e## e&er'" !%e $o&$re*e!o$ %& +!a$e o, )r&* r%$

4 U#e e&%ro&e&*a!!" ,r%e&.!" a*er%a!# (%$( are #)#*%*)*e ,or $o&e&*%o&a!)%!.%&' $o+o&e&*# !%e )#e RCC Door a&. %&.o ,rae# %& +!a$e o, oo.e&,rae#

9 re5+!a& eer" $o+o&e&* o, a (o)#e a&. ra*%o&a!%=e *(e .e#%'& +ro$e.)re ,orre.)$%&' *(e #%=e o, *(e $o+o&e&* %& *(e )%!.%&'

8 B" +!a&&%&' ea$( a&. eer" $o+o&e&* o, a (o)#e *(e a#*a'e o, a*er%a!#.)e *o .eo!%*%o& o, *(e )&+!a&&e. $o+o&e&* o, *(e (o)#e $a& e ao%.e.

7 Ea$( $o+o&e&* o, *(e (o)#e #(a!! e $(e$e. (e*(er %, %*6# &e$e##ar"- %, %*%# &o* &e$e##ar"- *(e& *(a* $o+o&e&* #(o)!. &o* e )#e.

MODEL II: USE O RCC SLAB ROOIN< OR RAINATER HARESTIN+e$*e. *o eR# 281 Hoeer- *(%# %# $(ea+er *(a& )%!.%&' a ,!)#( *o%!e* $o&&e$*e. *o a#eer or #e+*%$ *a (%$( $o#*# 400 *o 1900 Ee& a $o)&a! *o%!e* ora#%$ %* !a*r%&e %# e*ee& 10 a&. 40 I& a $o)&*r" (ere *(o#e ear&%&' aa'e o, !e## *(a& R# 37 +er .a" are $o%.ere. *o e !"%&' e!o *(e +oer*"!%&e- %* #(o)!.&6* e )$( o, a +ro!e *o #*ar* a%&' )#e o, eeo a'#Hoeer +ro%#%o& o, 'oer&e&* a%. $a& $er*a%&!" oo#* *(e )#a'e o, #)$( e$o5,r%e&.!" a'#

or*a!e *o%!e*#:

Sa&%*a*%o& %# a aor +ro!e %& $%*" #!)# a# *(ere %# &o* e&o)'( #+a$e *oa$$oo.a*e a &ora! *o%!e* a&. a!#o !a$ o, aare&e## %& +eo+!e T(ere,ore %*%# )%*e &e$e##ar" *o (ae $o+a$* a&. $!ea& #a&%*a*%o& #o!)*%o&: or*a!e*o%!e*# I* %# a.e )+ o, !%'(*5e%'(* #(ee* +!a#*%$- #)$( a# +o!"e*("!e&e I& *(%#o.e! e ,o$)# o& +ro%.%&' *(e #ae *o *(e $%*" #!)# (%$( are a#%$a!!" a.e,ro !o e%'(* +o!"er# a&. a!#o (ae *(e a.a&*a'e o, ("'%e&e a&. ea#"$!ea&%&'

%$*or%a! re+re#e&*a*%o& o, *(e or%&' o, *(e +or*a!e *o%!e*#


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S%&$e #a,e .%#+o#a! o, +!a#*%$ a#*e# %& +ar*%$)!ar %# o&e 'rae %##)e *(a* &ee.#

*o e +a%. (ee. *o #o e +ro+o#e a& e,,%$%e&* re$"$!%&' o, +!a#*%$ a#*e# oror%&' o& *(%# ,ro&*- ra'+%$er# $o)!. e e+!o"e. *o +er,or *(e a!)a!eor o, $o!!e$*%&'- #or*%&'- a&. (ere +o##%!e #e!!%&' ,or re)#e or re$"$!%&'- *(erea%&%&' a#*e Nora!!"- ra'+%$er# %& #)$( a #%*)a*%o& are #e!,5e+!o"e.- a&.e$a)#e o, *(%# %* (a# o,*e& ee& (ar. ,or *(e *o or'a&%#e e,,e$*%e!" *o+ro*e$* *(e%r r%'(*# B" '%%&' *(e e+!o"ee %.e&*%*" $ar.# a&. e&$o)ra'%&'*(e *o or'a&%#e %&*o 'ro)+# *(a* *(e" r)& *(e#e!e#- *(e" $a& e a.e *o(ae a ore #*a!e a&. #e$)re %&$oe

Mo.e! : o!"er )r&%*)re

%*( *(e 'ro*( o, +o!"er %&.)#*r" a&.%&&oa*%o %& *(e ,%e!.- ,)r&%*)re are* (a# e>+er%e&$e. a ra+%. 'ro*( %*(*(e aa%!a%!%*" o, a &e- $(ea+ a&. e**er re+!a$ee&* ,or *(e $o&e&*%o&a!oo. ,)r&%*)re5 !a#*%$ ,)r&%*)re T(%# *"+e o, ,)r&%*)re %# $oo&!" a.e ,ro#o!%. o!.e. +o!"e*("!e&e ar%&e 'ra.e +o!"er

A.a&*a'e#:

1 Lo $o#* a*er%a!- !ae re*ar.a&*- U Re#%#*a&*- o)*.oor .)ra%!%*"

2 er" #*ro&'- $a& e !%'(* or (ea" .e+e&.%&' )+o& &ee.


15/19

3 E$o&o%$a! a&. e$o ,r%e&.!"

T(%# *"+e o, ,)r&%*)re $a& e )#e. %& #!)# *o .ee!o+ !o$a! #$(oo!#- a&. *o+ro%.e $(ea+ (oe ,)r&%*)re- o&e o, *(e aor a.a&*a'e# o, *(%# rea% %*#

,!ae re*ar.a&* $a+a%!%*%e# *(a* +ree&*# !o##e# %& $a#e o, $oo& #!) ,%re#-a&. %*# U re#%#*a&$e- *(a* e)re# %*# !o&' !%,e

Mo.e! : o!"er aee&*# a&. roa.#

S!)# e#+e$%a!!" %& De!(% (ae a er" +oor$o&&e$*%%*" *o roa.# *(e#e roa.# are e%*(er %& a$$%.e&* +ro&e $o&.%*%o& orare&6* er" +era&e&* %& ,o)&.a*%o& A +oor roa. !ea.# *o .%,,%$)!*" %& r%&'%&'Hea!*($are a&. o*(er ,a$%!%*%e# %& *%e# o, &ee. *o *(e#e area#- a&. o,*e& %# *(e$a)#e ,or +oor #a&%*a*%o&- .%#ea#e #+rea.- e*$ *(ere,ore +ro+er !o&' !a#*%&'+aee&*# a&. roa.# $a& e $o*r)$*e. " )#%&' +o!"er#

Here %# a $o+ara*%e #*)." *o $o+are *(e$o&e&*%o&a! roa.# a&. *(e &e +o!"er roa.#- %*( So%!Te$( +o!"er#- a ra&.o, o!"er +aee&*# a# a& e>a+!e

o!"er #*a%!%=a*%o&- %& o#* %*a&$e#- %&%%=e# *(e &ee. ,or orro5+%*a*er%a!#

I&5#%*) a''re'a*e# a&. o*(er a*er%a!#- &ora!!" .%#$ar.e. ,or roa.$o*r)$*%o&- $a& )#e. %*( So%!Te$( +o!"er# a&. o!"er *e$(&o!o'%e# are%ea#)ra!" ore $aro& ,r%e&.!" *(a& *ra.%*%o&a! !a"ere.- $ee&*5#*a%!%=e.roa.# I&.e+e&.e&* re+or*# (ae #(o& So%!Te$( +o!"er#- ,ro o!"eraee&*#- +ro.)$e# a ea'er 2-4; $aro& %& $o+ar%#o& *o $ee&* #*a%!%=e.-

!a"ere. roa.# O&e %!oe*er o, $ee&* #*a%!%=e. roa.- #ee& e*er# %.e- %!!


16/19

+ro.)$e 90-44? *o o, $aro& %&*o *(e a%r a# o++o#e. *o 1-217 *o +ro.)$e." o)r +o!"er #*a%!%=e. roa.

Ca#e #*).": So)*( A,r%$a V Noa*% M%&e V Hea" Ha)! Roa.#- J)!" 2010

Ta!e 1 Noa*% V Co+ara*%e Te#*# V Be,ore a&. A,*er

)ry Test *+une ,!,- et Test *soaked for , mins-

%$erage &eading on Treated )ry &oad

C0& !1,2

3C' !4,5 kPa

678odulus 9,: 8Pa

%$erage &eading on Treated et &oad

C0& !52

3C' !!; kPa

678odulus ;9 8Pa

%$erage &eading on 3ntreated )ry 'lag

&oad

%$erage &eading on 3ntreated et 'lag

&oad

C0& 52

3C' 94kPa

678odulus !5; 8Pa

C0& 412

3C' 49 kPa

678odulus !; 8Pa

)ry Test *: 8arch ,!,- et Test *soaked for hours-

%$erage &eading on Treated )ry &oad

C0& !492

3C' !!! kPa

678odulus , 8Pa

%$erage &eading on Treated et &oad

C0& !,2

3C' 5;9 kPa

678odulus 4; 8Pa


17/19

T(e re#)!* o, *(e #*)." a# *(a* *(e )#e o, #)$( a*er%a!# #%'&%,%$a&*!"e&(a&$e. ,)&$*%o&a! +er,ora&$e a&. !oa. ear%&' $a+a$%*" o, *(e#e roa.#

A.a&*a'e#:

1 a#*e a&a'ee&*: T(e )& +!a#*%$ )#e. (ere (e!+# )# *o a&a'e e,,e$*%e!"a&. e$o&o%$a!!"

2 E&%ro&e&* r%e&.!": CO2e%##%o .)r%&' $o*r)$*%o& are 32 *%e# !e##*(a& *(e $o&e&*%o&a! roa.#

3 E$o&o%$a!!" $(ea+er *(a& )#%&' B%*)e&- )#e. a# a %&.%&' a'e&* *o (o!.*o'e*(er *(e a#e a&. *(e #)5!a"er# o, *(e roa.

4 C)*# .o& o& !aor $o#*#- a*er $o#*#- a&. $o*r)$*%o& *%e

9 Lo&' L%,e: .oe#&6* $ra$ )&.er #*re##

Mo.e! I: o!"er Co+o#%*e# a# Co*r)$*%o& Ma*er%a!#

T%*!e: E$o5Co+o#%*e#

Tar'e* A).%e&$e: C%%! a&. S*r)$*)ra! E&'%&eer#- Ar$(%*e$*#- B)%!.%&'

S+e$%,%er#

Oer%e o, a++!%$a*%o&/#)ar":

E$o5$o0+o#%*e %# a *er (%$( %# )#e. *o .e#$r%e $o+o#%*e a*er%a!# %*(e&%ro&e&*a! a&. e$o!o'%$a! a.a&*a'e# oer &ora! $o+o#%*e a*er%a!# #)$(a# R# T(e .r%e *oar.# #)#*a%&a!e $o*r)$*%o& a&. e&%ro&e&*a!!e'%#!a*%o& #)$( a# *(e E&. o, L%,e e(%$!e D%re$*%e a&. La&.,%!! Ta> (a#

re#)!*e. %& $o%.era!e %&*ere#* %& *(e )#e o, re$!a%e. a#*e #)$( a# +!a#*%$+a$a'%&' ,or $o*r)$*%o& a*er%a!#- a# e!! a# *(e )#e o, &a*)ra! +!a&* ,%er#-


18/19

oo.- a&. %o5.er%e. re#% a&. a.(e#%e# A& e$o5$o+o#%*e a" $o&*a%&&a*)ra! ,%er# #)$( a# (e+- #%#a!- )*e or ,!a>- or $o%#* o, a &a*)ra! +o!"era*r%> .er%e. ,ro $a#(e &)* #(e!! !%)%. @CNSL !a#*%$ a*er%a!# $a& a!#o e+ro.)$e. ,ro $or&- a&. ee& $(%$e& ,ea*(er# E$o5$o+o#%*e# $a& e

+ro.)$e. ,ro $o%&a*%o o, re$!a%e. a#*e #)$( a# oo.- &e#+a+er- a&.+!a#*%$# Na*)ra! $o+o#%*e# a#e. o& #*ar$( $a& e +ro.)$e. (%$( (ae *(e%+or*a&* a.a&*a'e o, %o.e'ra.a%!%*" So,*oo. *%er $a& e $(e%$a!!"o.%,%e. )#%&' a#*e $e!!)!o#e ,ro a'r%$)!*)re *o +ro.)$e a $o+o#%*e a*er%a!%*( *(e +ro+er*%e# o, a *ro+%$a! (ar.oo. A $o+o#%*e (%$( %# ea#%er *ore$"$!e #)$( a# a& a!! +o!"+ro+"!e&e a*er%a! a" a!#o e *ere. a& e$o5$o+o#%*e

I+a$* o, A++!%$a*%o&

%&a&$%a!:

Q E$o5$o+o#%*e# a" e +ro.)$e. ,ro $(ea+ ra a*er%a!# or a#*e

E&%ro&e&*a!:

1 E$o5$o+o#%*e# a" $o&*a%& &a*)ra! ,%er# or re#%- re.)$%&' &ee. ,or e%*(er+e*ro!e) .er%e. +!a#*%$# or '!a## ,%er#

2 E$o5$o+o#%*e# a" e $o+o#e. o, a#*e a*er%a! #)$( a# +o#*5$o)er+!a#*%$ or &e#+a+er

3 E$o5$o+o#%*e# a" e a.e *o e %o.e'ra.a!e or ea#%er *o re$"$!e

So$%a!:

W Soe &a*)ra! ,%er# a&. re#% are o*a%&e. ,ro *(e Dee!o+%&' or!.-%+ro%&' *ra.e %*( *(o#e $o)&*r%e#

W ro%.e# a +o*e&*%a! a!*er&a*%e $ro+ ,or ,arer#

E&'%&eer%&':

1 Cer*a%& $o%&a*%o o, &a*)ra! ,%er are !%'(*er *(a& *(e a!*er&a*%e '!a##re%&,or$ee&*- (oeer 'e&era!!" *(e #*r)$*)ra! +er,ora&$e o, *(e $o+o#%*e%# !oer (%$( !%%*# *(e a++!%$a*%o !a&* ,%er# $a& e #*%,,er *(a& '!a##(oeer *e%!e #*re&'*( a&. %+a$* re#%#*a&$e are !oer


19/19

2 !a&* ,%er# a!#o .o &o* !e&. *(e#e!e# *o a&" o, *(e a.a&$e. +ro.)$*%o&+ro$e##e# o, +o!"er $o+o#%*e# #)$( a# +)!*r)#%o&

)*)re .ee!o+e&*# a&. e#*%a*e. *%e5#$a!e:

H%'( %&*ere#* %& *(%# area o, re#ear$( .)e *o %&$rea#e. +re##)re ,or #)#*a%&a!e$o*r)$*%o&

T(e#e a*er%a!# e$a)#e o, *(e%r !o $o#* +ro%.e $(ea+ G 'oo. a!*er&a*%e# *o#!) .e!!er# %& +ar*# o, De!(%

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