P h I l I p p I n e H I s t o r y

P r o f e s s o r

Andy Patricio Bonifacio

B e e d 1 - aG r o u p 1

P h I l I p p I n e H I s t o r y CHAPTER

5THE PHILIPPINES

UNDER Spanish rule

(1600s – 1800s)

R e p o r t e r s

Sheree Ann Marie Casin

Joelbyn a. datu

Mirylyn Alcones

Mark John LorzanoMHEAPELIA CAGAPE

Matheresa Tuale

Regine Bruza

John ChristoPher Cabral

grachelle Joyce

Jo-ness Mensorado

Jonrey Pineda

Roselyn sabilao

M o t I v a t I o n

Roselyn sabilaoReasons for Spanish colonization

Political changesCentral government

Sheree Ann Marie CasinT h e A u d e n c I a

L o c a l G o v e r n m e n t

Joelbyn a. datuThe city and it’s government

grachelle JoycePropagating the catholic faith

The Union of Church and State

Jo-ness Mensorado

The Inquisition

The Church Organization

The Introduction of Printing

Mapeh CagapeTHE RESIDENCIA

THE VISITA

THE PLAZA COMPLEX

Regine BruzaThe Encomienda

Forced labor

Mirylyn Alconestributetaxes

Galleon trade

Matheresa TualeThe Mexican Subsidy

The economic society

Jonrey PinedaThe Government Monopolies

John ChristoPher Cabral

The Royal Company

Mark John LorzanoEconomic development: an overview

THE PHILIPPINES UNDER SPANISH RULE(1600’s – 1800’s)

Spain - governed the Philippines through the union of church and state

introducing in the process new beliefs institution and practices in the

political economic and religious aspects of people’s lives. The results

though effective and positive fro spain caused hardships for the majority

in the inhabitants except for the few members of the MAHARLIKA Class.

Early society’s upper class composed of

the chiefs and their families.

Who later emerged as the new class

called “PRINCIPALIA”

Reasons for Spanish colonization

1. Commercial - the king Charles send Magellan to Moluccas to search for

the spice islands because spices commanded high prices during that

time.

2. Spain claimed the Philippines by RIGHT OF DISCOVERY and by RIGHT

OF ACTUAL OCCUPATION. CROWN COLONY - the Philippine was under the possession or property

of the king of spainP o l I t I c a l c h a n g e s

Ministry of the colonies or

overseas ministry Council of the Indies - as a Crown colony they administered the

Philippines

Ministry of the Colonies or Overseas Ministries - in 1863 the Philippines

a colony was placed under there jurisdiction they advised and aided in

its work by the council of the indies.

C e n t r a l g o v e r n m e n t

LAW OF THE INDIES – (Spanish :leyos de indies) are the entire body of law

issued by the Spanish crown for its empire.

They regulated social, political and economis life in these areas. The laws are

composed of myriad decrees issued over the centuries and the important laws

of the 16th century, which attempted to regulate the interactions between the

settlers and natives.

Some Spanish Laws that a were also adopted :

**La Novisima Recopilacion

**Leyes de Toro

**Siete Partidas

Governor General - headed the Central Government

Appointed by the king of Spain

He was the king’s official representative in the colony

He possessed vast executive , legislative and judicial power.

He issued order with the force of law. Which were called

“superior decrees”

The president or presiding officer of the audiencia

He is also vice royal patron in the Philippines

He could appoint minor office in the government including

parish priest

Commander in chief of the arm forced.

2 Branches of Government

Judicial

Executuve

Royal Decrees - decrees or orders coming from the king of

spain.

Cumplase - the right of the governor to suspend the operation of

a Royal decree

I OBEY BUT DO NOT COMP’Y - usual formula in exercising the right

of complase.

T h e A u d e n c I a

Audencia - Established in the Philippines in 1583.

Administer Justice to the Aggrieved people in the colony.

The Highest court in so far as civil and criminal cases were

concerned.

Exercised political and administrative powers, if the governor

could not perform his duties.

Governor Santiago De Vera - The First President of Audencia

1589- The year when Audencia was abolished. By the King of Spain.

L o c a l G o v e r n m e n t 

Pacified Provinces- They are already reconizing the authority of spain.

- They were Governed by Civil Provincial Governors

 

Alcalde mayor - He was appointed by the Governor General

- His salary was smalll but he could collect a part of the tribute to

increase his income.

Indulto De Comercio - or licensed to trade

Was issued to the Alcalde Mayor. It was meant to

prevent them from using the Polo or Taxes from their own personal needs and

conrol the market.

1884- Indulto De Comercio was Abolished because the Provincial Governor

abused this power and comitted Graft and Corruption.

Town or Municipality- composed of several barrios and governed by the

Gobenadorcillo( little Governor).

Gobernadorcillo- also called captain municipal or simply captain. Today he is

called Mayor

- He was elected by thirteen electors who were prominent in the

town.

Six of the electors were former cabezas de barangay

Other six were actual cabezas de barangay

The 13th elector was the outgoing captain

The captain was aided in the administration of the town by deputies called

Tenientes (A chief of police)

and Alguaciles (Subordinate official)

Cabezas de Barangay- was the Leader or chief of a barangay

Aggrieved Distressed, troubled or pained.

T h e c I t y a n d I t ’ s g o v e r n m e n t

2 Cities during the 1st Century of Spanish rule

*Cebu

*Manila

Cities in 17th Century *Cebu *Manila

*Vigan *Nueva Segovia (now Lal – lo,

Cagayan )

*Arevalo (Now a part of Iloilo) *Nueva Caceres ( Now

Naga)

Ayuntamiento - Council of a municipality consisted of two alcaldes,

twelve regidores (now called councilor a chief of police a city secretary

and few other lesser official .

P r o p a g a t I n g t h e c a t h o l I c f a I t h

AUGUSTINIAN ORDER –

ANIMIST RELIGION –

CATHOLICISM - spread by the missionaries in different places in the Philippines

FRANCISCAN MISSIONARIES :- Spread CATHOLIC FAITH in Manila , Province near Laguna de Bay . Camarines

and other parts of Bicol provinces in 1577

JESUITS – In 1581 they arrived in the Philippines and they spread the Catholic Faith in Manila , Leyte , Cebu ,

Bohol , Samar , and in Mindanao .

DOMINICAN - came to Manila in 1587 , spread the Catholic Faith in Manila , Cagayan , Region and Pangasinan

RECOLLECT MISSIONARIES – came in 1606 and spread the faith in Manila , Bataan , Zambales , Mindanao ,

Masbate , Ticao , Burios , Cuyo , Romblon , Negros and other parts of Mindanao .

T h e U n I o n o f C h u r c h a n d S t a t e

King of Spain - helped in propagating and defending Catholic Faith  Friars - priest but became the member of some agencies of Central Government

T h e c h u r c h o r g a n I z a t I o n

DISTRICTS – represented geographic regions that had different dialects or language .

Father Domingo de Salazar – first bishop of Manila

Ecclesiastical Government –

Bishopric

Archbishopric –

The Inquisition – was an ecclesiastical office , whose duty weas to search for heretics and whose guilty of

preaching or practicing religious doctrines that were contrary to that of the Catholic Church .

T h e I n q u I s I t I o n

T h e r e s I d e n c I a a n d t h e v I s I t a

King and Ministers of spain introduced two institutions in there colonies

including the PhilippinesT h e r e s I d e n c I a

Was the public investigation and trial of outgoing colonial officials in

order to Ascertain wheather they had committed abuses in the

performance of their duties. V i s I t a On the other hand was a secret investigation of an officials conduct as a

public servant

GOVERNOR GENERAL SEBASTIAN HURTADO DE CORCUERA (1635 - 1644)

was a good example when their enemies filed unfounded changes

against him resulting in her imprisonment.

T h e p l a z a c o m p l e x

This politico – Religious structure or the colonial Government of the

country. The houses of the natives were situated around a place or

town center of bring them close to the church the convent the

municipio the Market place and the Cemetery . The church fasily

regulated the Activities of the Nativities of the natives. Whose

Residence were order the peal of bells or Bajo de Las Campanas.

T h e E n c o m I e n d a

Encomienda - was a legal system that was employed mainly by the Spanish crown

during the Spanish Colonization of the Americas to regulate Native Americans and

Autonomy.

Etymology

The Etymology of Encomienda and the encomenderos lies in the Spanish verb

“Encomendero” means “to entrust”

Encomendero - defined as the holder of the Encomienda and the man who

received this favor from encomienda.

3 Kinds of the Encomienda

*Royal encomienda - which belong to the King

*The Ecclesiastical Encomienda - which belong to the church

*The Private Encomienda- which belong to the private Individual.

F o r c e d L a b o r

Under Forced labor, Filipinos were not paid for their wages. Thay were separated from

their Families by sending them to far-flung Provinces. They were not given food, as

required by law. But instead they had to provide for their own food.

 

For a Filipino labourer to be exempted from forced labor he had pay a fee called

Falla.

T r I b u t e

Tribute was a form of recognition of the Filipino’s loyalty to the king of

spain.

In order to raise enough the money to finance the construction of

churches, government buildings , roads, bridges, and improvement in

transportation and Communication.T a x e s

Aside from tribute the Filipino paid for other taxes.

Diezmos Prediales - was tax which consisted of one – tenth of the produce

of the land.

Donativo de Zamboanga (1635) - was a tax specifically used to conquest of

Jolo.

Vita - was a tax paid by the people of some provinces along the coast

of western Luzon for defense of the coast from Muslim pirates, who

raided the Visayas and Luzon for “Slaves” that they needed in their

overseas trading.

G a l l e o n t r a d e

Galleon trade - trade along the pacific.

JOLO and MANILA were Trading center of the Archipelago

Manila became a leading commercial center in the region

Ships form Japan, China, Siam ( Thailand ) , India, Cambodia, Malacca and

what is now Indonesia , anchored in Manila to unload their valuable

cargoes

The Galleon trade was so restrictive that the prosperity of the

Spaniards in Manila depended solely on the success of the voyage to

and from Mexico.

The Mexican Subsidy

Situado – Annual Subsidy that the Mexican Government sent to the Philippines1821 - The year when the Mexican subsidy was finally stopped.

The economic society

Governor Basco - Founded the Economic Society of Friends of the country in 1781 to effectively implement an economic policy in the colony.

Sections of Society1. Factories and manufactures

2. Industry and popular education

3. Natural History

4. Domestic and foreign commerce

5. Agriculture and Rural economy.

1784 - the society was able to export indigo to Europe for the first time in Philippines History .

1824 - the Academy of Drawing in Manila was founded and granted scholarship to those who were interested in the art of dyeing.

1861 - the Society founded an agricultural school in Manila for the purpose of training farmers in advanced agriculture methods.

The government monopolies1780- The King issued a decree in ordering the establishment of the Tobacco Monopoly.

1782- actually established in the colony

Provision of the Decree

The Cultivation of Tobacco was prohibited except for the pprovinces selected to grow it.

Contraband sale of Tobacco was Forbidden.

The Government had the exclusive right to purchase all Tobacco products, to inspect and

classify the Tobacco Plant, and to prepare and manufacture cigar and cigarettes.

The Government had right to prohibit the expotation and importation of Tobacco. In

other words, the Government, sale and purchase of Tobacco and it’s manufacture anto

cigar and cigarettes.

1808- The Government realized a net profit of about 500,000

1880-1881- The net profit amounted to a staggering 3,500,000

The Government also had other monopolies such as those on wine & liquor,

gunpowder,playing cards and buyo or anise.

T h e R o y a l C o m p a n y

Governor Basco’s administration was also high lightened by the establishment of the

royal company of the Philippines in 1875. The company had a capital of 8,000,000. This

amount was divided into 32,000 shares costing 250 a share.

Aims of the Company

The aim of these company were to promote the progress of the Philippines by improving

the Foreign Trade of the Colony with the Spain and to develop the natural resources of

the Philippines by encouraging Industry, Manufacturing, And Agriculture.

Because of the incentives, the company failed in it’s two fold aims. This Failure may be

attributed to the following causes.

T h e R o y a l C o m p a n y 

The Spanish merchants in the Philippines , who had been accustomed to the profitable

Galleon Trade did not cooperate wholeheartedly , with the company.

 

The company was not able to established direct commercial with Japan, China, and

Indiaresulting in paying higher prices for those commodities than in the country where

they came from.

 

The company was not well- managed because it’s officials spent their time in the

activities which are not connected to their company.

 

Foreign vessels, instead the company vessels, brought to manila such items as

groceries, cannesd good s , wine, and other European Products . Because of this , the

company was abolished in 1834.

 

Economic development: an overview  The first 150 years of Spanish rule was characterized by a slow economic development. Population decreased and uprising and revolts became problem to the colonial government. FACTORS ACCOUNTED FOR THE SLOW DEVELOOPMENT OF THE PHILIPPINES ECONOMY First, most of the Spanish officials were lazy, incompetent and inefficient. Instesd of the developing the natural resources of the colony, the Spanish officials and mimor Employees were interested in enriching themselves in office. Second, there were frequent quarrels among the Spaniards themselves, especially between the clergy and the Governor General, on one-hand, and the high-ranking ecclesisticel officials anf the friars curates, on the other.  Under these circumstances, the people became unproductive and seemingly indolent. There was little economic and social improvement in the life of the masses, while thte colonial officials and the church hierarchy grow rich. 

THANK YOU FOR LISTENING !!!!!!!!!

Home

P h I l I p p I n e H I s t o r y P r o f e s s o r

P h I l I p p I n e H I s t o r y

Governor Santiago De Vera

this fee was unreasonably high. And often times the laborer could not afford to pay for it.

FALLA