REPORT ON WALL TREATMENT

REPORT ON WALL TREATMENTINTRODUCTIONCONSTRUCTION OF WALLTYPES OF WALLWHY WALL COVERING IS NEEDEDWALL TREATMENT FACTOS FOR PLANNING WALLWALL CONSTRUCTION MATERIALWALL FINISHES

INTRODUCTION AND DEEINEA wall is a structure that defines a area , carries a load, or provides shelter or security. There are many kinds of wall such as defensive walls in fortification ,walls of buildings which are a fundamental part of the super structure or which separate spaces in buildings section sometimes for the purpose of fire safety.Walls which hold back earth called retaining walls, offer protection from oceans such as a seawall or river as a levee. permanent walls are solid fences and border barrier between countries sometimes.Building walls purposes to support roofs, floors and ceiling, enclose a space as part of the building envelope, along with a roof to give building form and to provide shelter and security.In addition , wall may have various types of utilities such as electrical wiring or plumbring.

CONSTRUCTION OF WALLWall construction falls into two basic categories: framed walls or mass- walls house.In framed walls load is transferred to foundation through posts, columns or studs.Framed walls most often have three or more separate components : structural elements [ such as 2*4 studs in a house wall] , insulation and finish elements or surfaces [ such as dry wall or paneling ]..Mass walls are of a solid material including masonry, concrete including slip form stone masonry, log building , cod wood construction , adobe, rammed earth, cob, earth bag construction, bottles, tin cans, straw-bale construction and ice.

TYPES OF WALLSLoad bearing walls support floors above and the roof.Partition or curtain walls are non load bearing and do not support anything. They act as space dividers.Moveable walls are accordion walls and modular panel. If space needs change often you should consider using moveable walls. Ex. Conference centers, office spaces, etc.Partial walls are less than ceiling height offer visual privacy but not acoustical privacy, provide ventilation.Spur/ free standing walls that do not joint adjacent wall at both ends. Ex. Fire places in the center of rooms, wall behind reception desk.

TYPES OF WALL

WALL COVERINGWalls make up the largest surface area of a room and protect against outdoors and reduce the noise entering a room. They hide pipe , wirings and insulation and also divide spaces Thats why when choosing a wall covering ,it is essential to consider the color involved , the condition of walls and function of the room.Most commonly used wall coverings are : paint, wallpaper, paneling, mirrors, fabrics and carpeting.Neutral colors are more often used than vivid colors because they provide a background to the rest of the room and furnishings.Washable wall surfaces are recommended for bathrooms, kitchens, Children rooms and hall ways because walls in these areas tend to become soiled more quickly than bedrooms or living rooms

WALL TREATMENTWall treatment is covering for the interior wall.It should harmonize with the floor and ceiling.Reflect people that use the room.

FACTORS TO CONSIDERED WHEN PLANNING WALLDegree of enclosure and privacy: Opaque walls mean that you cant see through them. Translucent means that you can see through window.Light qualities: White reflects up to 89% of light and black reflects about 2%. Texture also plays a role. Smooth surfaces reflect more light that rough textures.Durability: The amount of time and money needed to maintain walls must be considered. This is your responsibility when specifying a wall treatment to understand your clients needs. Acoustics: Smooth, hard surfaces reflect sound while soft, porous surfaces absorb sound. Insulate wall cavities when sound transmission is an issue.

FACTORS TO CONSIDERED WHEN PLANNING WALLAesthetics: Formal walls have smooth surfaces and are symmetrical in window and door placement. They are also more closed with more of a vertical emphasis. Informal walls are tough, a symmetrical and are more open with a horizontal feel.Function and Flexibility: moveable walls offer flexibility to tenants that experience change. They provide electrical and data lines [ some even after plumbing] built into the wall system. Flooring is installed continuous so that walls can be moved and not require flooring to be changed.Thermal qualities: Comfort and energy efficiency.

WALL CONSTRUCTIONIt is important to consider how wall is constructed before planning back grounds.Materials that can be used:Gypsum wall boardPanelingMasonryPlastic wall boardPlaster

TYPES WALL FINISHESPaintWallpaperVinyl wall coveringStone BrickGlassResin

OTHER DIFFERENT TYPES OF WALL FINISHESStained glass FinishDesigner mirror Finish Flake FinishPebbles FinishCoral FinishCanfor FinishTile claddingWood panelingSand texture FinishCement plastered FinishCement textured FinishGlass mosaic FinishMarble powder FinishLaminate Finish

PLASTERAn old technique in which plaster is applied over the wall board or concrete block using a lath. Texture range from smooth to stucco. This technique is almost a lost trade and is not used in new homes. It often chips and cracks as a house settels over the years.

GYPSUM BASED MATERIALThis just like plaster of Paris finish but gypsum material is used to prepare mortar. It is more durable and finer as compared to plaster of Paris finish.

PLASTER OF PARISPlaster of Paris or simply plaster is a type of building material based on calcium sulphate hemihydrates. This is a smooth finish achieved by plaster of Paris generally applied on internal wall.

GYPSUM WALLBOARD- DRY WALLIt is most commonly used material to cover wall in interior projects. It has evolved into a versatile, dependable material that is quick to install and easy to repair. It is made from a natural crystallized mineral. It is naturally fire resistant and can also act as a sound barrier, Gypsum board of 4wide sheet *8, 9 or 10 high is attached directly to stud walls. Joints are tapped, spackled and sanded so the seams do not show. Texture may be applied on various other finish techniques.NOTE: Sheetrock is brand name but used as a generic term.

TILECan be installed one tile at a time or in sheets held together with a mesh like backing. Tile provides easy maintenance , they are water impervious [ required in public restroom] but can create noisy interior. They also can crack and chip.

CONCRETE BLOCKAlso known as concrete masonry unit [ CMU] . It is very common building material for load- bearing walls of the building, in which is termed concrete block structure. This type of construction is very affordable and often found in commercial and institutional applications or as part of a residential foundation.

WOODWood comes in the form of paneling , plank[ such as flooring] and veneer etc. It provides warmth and a good insulator but it tends to fade and flammable. As a designer, you must verify code compliance before installing it in commercial application.

STAINED GLASS FINISHIt involves lot of creative work. Glass is decorated with itching , frosting, glass pasting and finally coloring with suitable colors according to the theme. The stained glass panels are used on walls and ceiling.

PEBBLES FINSHThis is a very simple and attractive finish obtained pasting small pebbles on walls with cement mortar as an adhesive.It is usually preffered for exterior faade. It is also commonly used to give nice flowing effect to waterfalls that are created especially designed for hotel interior or as a part of exterior landscaping.

FLAKES FINISHIt is a special material used to enhance elevation treatment of the building. It is majorly used for exterior faade. It has also been used for interior but to a very small extent because chipping off flakes is a trouble.Flakes are applied with a trowel on walls over a coat of adhesive.

DESIGNER MIRRORSThese are obtained by small pieces on wall to create mural like design.

CORAL FINISHIt is similar to plaster of Paris and Gypsum plaster finish. Coral is a type of plastering material that gives a rough edgy finish.

CANFOR FINISHIt is also known as Faux Finish. This material is used for interiors of residences. It adds a unique aesthetic appeal to the place. It comes in 6mm thickness and in different design. It is chosen when a false finish is to be given and gives a stone wall or brick wall effect.

TILE CLADDINGDifferent tiles for ex. Granite, marble, glazed tiles or vitrified tiles are used for tile cladding. Tiles are available in a variety of colors and shapes. Selection of tiles depends on the place where it is to be applied i.e. interior faade or exterior faade.

WOOD PANELLINGIt is decorative treatment done with wooden panels on wall in various design. Plywood or wood covered with veneer or laminate can be used.

SAND TEXTURED FINISHIt is used to give fine texture to wall. This wall finish is not very commonly used because of its grains coming out .

CEMENT TEXTURED FINISHIt is a decorative finish and its mortar is prepared in cement based material. It is applied with sand faced plaster with a trowel and after that it is cloured with paint

CEMENT PLASTERED FINISHIt is prepared in the form of mortar with cement , sand and water in proper proportions and applied on masonry manually to achieve a smooth finish or sand face finish.

MOSAIC FINISHGlass mosaic are small 1*1on a cloth to get a workable size 12*12 and tile is pasted with an adhesive on wall surfaces. It can also be pasted on curved surfaces.

MARBLE POWDER FINISHIt is very smooth finish , looks like marble flooring. It is obtained by mortar of marble powder , white cement and water, it is applied maually.

LAMINATE FINISHIt comes in various colors and designs and in the form of sheet. It is pasted with fevicol on plywood.

WALLPAPERSWallpaper have a paper face and a paper back. It is not commonly used in commercial design as it is subject to soiling , abrasion and fading.

FABRICSFabrics like wool, linen, cotton, burlap and grass cloth are used. They require back coating as a barrier to prevent adhesive from bleeding through fabrics face and to improve dimensional stability

VINYL WALL COVERINGDesigned for service ability and durability. It is flame resistant. Easily cleaned and resistant to fading and abrasion.

THANKYOU

- MANISHA AGARWAL