Touch ScreenTechnology

Submitted to: Submitted by:Prof. Anil Sharma Alisha Korpal

Amandeep SinghKirandeep KaurGroup 1

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INDEX

Sno Topic Page number

1 Introduction 3

2 History 4

3 Technologies 5

4 Components 6

5 Advantages 7-8

6 References 9

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Introduction

A touch screen is an electronic visual display that can detect the presence and location

of a touch within the display area. The term generally refers to touching the display of

the device with a finger or hand. Touch screens can also sense other passive objects,

such as a stylus. Touch screen is common in devices such as computers, tablet, and

smart phones.

The touch screen has two main attributes. First, it enables one to interact directly with

what is displayed, rather than indirectly with a cursor controlled by

a mouse or touchpad. Secondly, it lets one do so without requiring any intermediate

device that would need to be held in the hand. Such displays can be attached to

computers, or to networks as terminals. They also play a prominent role in the design of

digital appliances such as the personal digital assistant (PDA), satellite

navigation devices, mobile phones, and video games.

A touch screen is a display that can detect the presence and location of a touch within

the display area, generally refers to touch or contact to the display of the device by a

finger or hand. Touch screen is also an input device. The screens are sensitive to

pressure; a user interacts with the computer by touching pictures or words on the

screen, Touchscreens can also sense other passive objects, such as a stylus, the touch

screen has two main attributes. First, it enables one to interact with what is displayed

directly on the screen, where it is displayed, rather than indirectly with a mouse

or touchpad. Secondly, it lets one do so without requiring any intermediate device,

again, such as a stylus that needs to be held in the hand. Such displays can

be attached to computers or, as terminals, to networks. They also play a prominent role

in the design of digital appliances such as the personal digital assistant (PDA).

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History

In 1971, the first "Touch Sensor" was developed by Doctor Sam Hurst (founder of

Elographics) while he was an instructor at the University of Kentucky. This sensor,

called the "Elograph," was patented by The University of Kentucky Research

Foundation. The "Elograph" was not transparent like modern touch screens; however, it

was a significant milestone in touch screen technology. In 1974, the first true touch

screen incorporating a transparent surface was developed by Doctor Sam Hurst and

Elographics. In 1977, Elographics developed and patented five-wire resistive

technology, the most popular touch screen technology in use today. 

Touch screens first gained some visibility with the invention of the computer-assisted

learning terminal, which came out in 1975 as part of the PLATO project. Touch screens

have subsequently become familiar in everyday life. Companies use touch screens for

kiosk systems in retail and tourist settings, point of sale systems, ATMs, and PDAs,

where a stylus is sometimes used to manipulate the GUI and to enter data. The

popularity of smart phones, PDAs, portable game consoles and many types

of information appliances is driving the demand for, and acceptance of, touch screens.

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Technologies

Resistive

Capacitive

Interruptive

Resistive

A resistive touch screen panel is composed of several layers, the most important of

which are two thin, electrically conductive layers separated by a narrow gap. When an

object, such as a finger, presses down on a point on the panel's outer surface the two

metallic layers become connected at that point: the panel then behaves as a pair

of voltage dividers with connected outputs. This causes a change in the electrical

current, which is registered as a touch event and sent to the controller for processing.

Capacitive

A capacitive touch screen panel is one which consists of an insulator such as glass,

coated with a transparent conductor such as indium tin oxide (ITO). As the human body

is also a electrical conductor, touching the surface of the screen results in a distortion of

the screen’s electrostatic field, measurable as a change in capacitance. Different

technologies may be used to determine the location of the touch. The location is then

sent to the controller for processing

InterruptiveA grid of waves over the screen gets interrupted at a certain point on the X axis and Y

axis. A Very high clarity due to having no layers over the actual screen. No capable of

multi touch. Easily affected by dirt and other interference

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Components

A basic touch screen has three main components: a touch sensor, a controller, and a

software driver. The touch screen is an input device, so it needs to be combined with a

display and a PC or other device to make a complete touch input system.

I.TouchSensor

A touch screen sensor is a clear glass panel with a touch responsive surface. The touch

sensor/panel is placed over a display screen so that the responsive area of the panel

covers the viewable area of the video screen. There are several different touch sensor

technologies on the market today, each using a different method to detect touch input.

2.Controller

The controller is a small PC card that connects between the touch sensor and the PC. It

takes information from the touch sensor and translates it into information that PC can

understand. The controller is usually installed inside the monitor for integrated monitors

or it is housed in a plastic case Tor external touch overlays. The controller determines

what type of interface/connection you will need on the PC. Integrated touch monitors will

have an extra cable connection on the back for the touch screen. Controllers are

available that can connect to a Serial/COM port (PC) or to a USB port (PC or

Macintosh). Specialized controllers are also available that work with DVD players.

3.SoftwareDriver

The driver is a software update for the PC system that allows the touch screen and

computer to work together. It tells the computer's operating system how to interpret the

touch event information that is sent from the controller. Most touch screen drivers today

are a mouse-emulation type driver. This makes touching the screen the same as

clicking your mouse at the same location on the screen. This allows the touch screen to

work with existing software and allows new applications to be developed without the

need for touch screen specific programming. Some equipment such as thin client

terminals, DVD players, and specialized computer systems either do not use software.

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Advantages

1. Public Information Displays

Information kiosks, tourism displays, trade show displays, and other electronic displays

are used by many people that have little or no computing experience. The user-friendly

touch screen interface can be less intimidating and easier to use than other input

devices, especially for novice users. A touch screen can help make your information

more easily accessible by allowing users to navigate your presentation by simply

touching the display screen

2. Retail and Restaurant Systems

Time is money, especially in a fast paced retail or restaurant environment. Touch

screen systems are easy to use so employees can get work done faster, and training

time can be reduced for new employees. And because input is done right on the screen,

valuable counter space can be saved. Touch screens can be used in cash registers,

order entry stations, seating and reservation systems, and more

3. Customer Self-Service

In today's fast pace world, waiting in line is one of the things that has yet to speed up.

Self-service touch screen terminals can be used to improve customer service at busy

stores, fast service restaurants, transportation hubs, and more. Customers can quickly

place their own orders or check themselves in or out, saving them time, and decreasing

wait times for other customers. Automated bank teller (ATM) and airline e-ticket

terminals are examples of self-service stations that can benefit from touch screen input.

4. Control and Automation Systems

The touch screen interface is useful in systems ranging from industrial process control

tc home automation. By integrating the input device with the display, valuable

workspace can be saved. And with a graphical interface, operators can monitor and

control complex operations in real-time by simply touching the screen.

4. Computer Based Training

because the touch screen interface is more user-friendly than other input devices, over

training time for computer novices, and therefore training expense, can be reduced. It

can also help to make learning more fun and interactive, which can lead to a more

beneficial training experience for both students and educators.

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5. Assistive Technology

The touch screen interface can be beneficial to those that have difficulty using other

input devices such as a mouse or keyboard. When used in conjunction with software

such as on-screen keyboards, or other assistive technology, they can help make

computing resources more available to people that have difficulty using computers.

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References

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touchscreen

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistive_touchscreen

http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/balamadhu2007-366056-touch-

screen-technology-bala-science-ppt-powerpoint/

http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/aSGuest21619-209927-touchscreen-

technologies-enter-tags-education-ppt-powerpoint/

http://www.seminarprojects.com/Thread-touch-screen-technology-report-and-ppt

http://docs.google.com/viewer?

a=v&q=cache:1mcxvteOcCYJ:courses.ee.nd.edu/87022/documents/Touch

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CaG9eMrqaP1X-YUjFQ

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