Report on Scientific and Technological situation of APC Región in MArine Renewable Energies

2

INDEX

PRESENTATION OF THE THREE STUDIES 3

1RST STUDY - FP7 PROJECTS ON MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

A. Methodology of the Study 6

B. Analysis of the FP7 projects on MRE 10

C. Analysis of the participation in FP7 projects on MRE 50

D. Analysis of the relationship in FP7 projects on MRE 74

2 ND STUDY - SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION ON MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

E. Presentation of the Study 97

F. Methodology of the Study 98

G. Scientific Documents on Marine Renewable Energies 104

H. Organizations in Marine Renewable Energies 125

I. Authors in Marine Renewable Energies 135

J. Scientific Contents on Marine Renewable Energies: Atlantic Power Cluster Regions 166

3 RD STUDY - TECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTION ON MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

K. Presentation of the Study 191

L. Methodology of the Study 192

M. PCT Patents on Marine Renewable Energies 197

N. Applicants of PCT Patents on Marine Renewable Energies 232

O. PCT Patents on Marine Renewable Energies in APC Territory 253

3

PRESENTATION - “SCIENTIFIC &TECHNOLOGICAL SITUATION OF APC REGIONS

IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES”

The study “Scientific &Technological Situation of APC Regions in Marine Renewable Energies” have

been elaborated by the Fundación Universidade A Coruña, in collaboration with Novatriz Consult,

S.L., within the activities of the “Atlantic Power Cluster” project.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The study aims to obtain, normalize and analyse data on the scientific and technological activities

related to the area of renewable energies from the sea, carried out by organizations from the

regions participating in the project Atlantic Power Cluster (APC regions), the so-called "Atlantic

Space".

PARTS OF THE STUDY

The study consists in three parts:

I. STUDY - FP7 PROJECTS ON MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

II. STUDY - SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION ON MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

III. STUDY – TECNOLOGICAL PRODUCTION ON MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

I. STUDY - FP7 PROJECTS ON MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

For this purpose, the European projects involving organisations from APC regions of the Atlantic

Space related to the subject of the study, the marine renewable energy, are thoroughly analysed.

The main source for this information is the CORDIS database, maintained by the European Union.

The main result to be obtained is the identification of the actors that perform research and

development activities in that subject area. Furthermore, it provides an idea about the relative

weight of these organisations in that subject in Europe. Another aspect of great importance is the

analysis of the structures of collaboration between actors, with special attention to the relations on

knowledge transfer between universities and companies.

II. STUDY - SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION ON MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

The target of the analysis is the set of research results published in journals of international scope.

The source chosen for both its coverage and reliability is the database of the Science Citation Index.

This source allows making analysis based on all the signatory organisations of scientific articles, as

well as, conducting an in depth disciplinary analysis. The bibliographic data obtained from the

Science Citation Index complement the impact indicators from the Journal Citation Reports. Based

4

on this information standardized indicators will be elaborated that place the importance and

relevance of the research analysed.

III. STUDY - TECNOLOGICAL PRODUCTION ON MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

Patents are traditionally the basis for indicators of technological results. Clearly, they provide very

relevant information about possible innovations and the actors developing them. However, it is

necessary to address the problems that may be present for analysis, especially in terms of the fusion

of names of organizations and thematic distribution, which may suffer from certain obsolescence.

For this reason, a previous work of standardization and refinement of patent data, as well as, the

integration of data from multiple sources, is implemented. The primary source of patent data is

Delphion, for their greater possibilities of analysis, which is complemented with databases from

Espacenet, Derwent and Free Patents Online.

INTEGRATION IN APC

The study is incorporated in the activities of the APC project:

1. Activity 2 (WP2): Regional study on marine renewable energies.

2. Activity 4 (WP4): Business Development.

3. Activity 6 (WP6): Defining a marine energy cluster.

ACTIVITY 2 (WP2): REGIONAL STUDY ON MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

Activity 2 of the project Atlantic Power Cluster: “Regional study on marine renewable energies”. It

will address the present situation in the partner regions from a strategic point of view.

The Fundación Universidade A Coruña addresses the Activity 2 from the point of view of scientific

performance in marine renewable energy, which is a key strategic tool of the regions participating

in the project, because the scientific action is the basis of knowledge on which underpinning the

technological development and innovation in this energy field.

ACTIVITY 4 (WP4): BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT

Activity 4 of the project Atlantic Power Cluster: “Business Development”. Identify challenges of the

marine energy industry in the Atlantic Area, seeking to facilitate the identification of new market

opportunities in the EU offshore and marine energy sector.

5

The work of the Fundación Universidade A Coruña consists in a technological observatory task,

based on patent analysis, in order to determine the state of competition faced by firms in the

renewable marine energy from the regions participating in the project. The study leads to the

identification of firms that create patents and the technological contents patented in marine

renewable energy.

ACTIVITY 6 (WP6): DEFINING A MARINE ENERGY CLUSTER

Activity 6 of the project Atlantic Power Cluster: “Defining a marine energy cluster". It will build on

previous activities to establish current strengths, weaknesses and capability gaps. It will also identify

test sites available in the partner regions and afterwards will design cooperative structures from

existing resources and complementarities, focusing on technology and project development and

development of coherent region wide policies.

The Fundación Universidade A Coruña focuses this Activity 6 from the approach of determining the

relationships between universities, research organizations and companies from the regions

participating in the project, with the aim of providing the current foundation of marine renewable

energy clusters established in the projects under the 7th Framework Programme. As result, there

are identified the actual relationships of organizations participating regions with other European

organisations and the rest of the world.

1RST STUDY - FP7 PROJECTS ON MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

6

A. METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY

STUDY OF FP7 PROJECTS

The first part of the study uses the database CORDIS as source of information about European

projects, financed by the 7th Framework Programme (FP7), in the area of Marine Renewable

Energies.

GEOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION

The study of marine renewable energies uses this geographical classification:

1. Participant regions in APC project (APC regions).

2. Atlantic Area Regions without participation in APC project (Atlantic Non APC).

3. Non Atlantic Area regions in EU countries with some Atlantic Area regions (Some Non

Atlantic).

4. Non Atlantic Area regions in EU countries without any Atlantic Area regions (All Non

Atlantic).

5. European non EU countries (European Non UE).

6. Rest of the World.

APC REGIONS (APC)

APC REGIONS: Regions participant in the Atlantic Power Cluster project.

1. SPAIN: País Vasco; Cantabria; Asturias; Galicia.

2. FRANCE: Aquitaine; Basse Normandie; Bretagne; Pays de la Loire; Poitou-Charentes.

3. ÉIRE/IRELAND: Border, Midland and Western; Southern and Eastern.

4. PORTUGAL: Centro; Lisbon.

5. UNITED KINGDOM: Devon; South Western Scotland.

6. SPAIN (NON ATLANTIC AREA): Madrid.

ATLANTIC NON APC REGIONS (ANAPC)

Atlantic Area Regions without participation in APC project:

1. SPAIN: Andalucía (Cádiz, Huelva, Sevilla).

2. FRANCE: Haute-Normandie.

3. ÉIRE/IRELAND: (all in APC).

4. PORTUGAL: Alentejo, Algarve, Norte.

5. UNITED KINGDOM: Cheshire, Cornwall and Isles of Scilly, Corset Bath Area, Cumbria, Dorset

and Somerset, East Wales, Gloucestershire, Witshire and North Somerset, Greater

Manchester, Highlands and Islands, Lancashire, Merseyside, Northern Ireland, West Wales

and the Valleys.

SOME NON ATLANTIC REGIONS (SNA)

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Non Atlantic Area regions in EU countries with some Atlantic Area regions:

• Regions in SPAIN, FRANCE and UNITED KINGDOM.

ALL NON ATLANTIC (ANA)

EU countries without any Atlantic Area regions:

• All regions in DEUTSCHLAND, DANMARK, ITALIA, NEDERLAND, BELGIQUE-BELGIË, HELLAS,

SVERIGE, BULGARIA, KYPROS/KIBRIS, LIETUVA, SUOMI/FINLAND, ROMANIA, ÖSTERREICH,

POLSKA, CESKA REPUBLIKA, LATVIJA, MAGYARORSZAG, MALTA, SLOVENIJA, SLOVENSKA

REPUBLIKA.

EUROPEAN NON UE COUNTRIES (ENU)

European non EU countries:

• ALBANIA, HRVATSKA, MONTENEGRO, NORGE, RUSSIAN FEDERATION,

SCHWEIZ/SUISSE/SVIZZERA, TURKEY, UKRAINE.

REST OF THE WORLD (RW)

Rest of the World:

• AUSTRALIA, BRAZIL, CANADA, CHINA, EGYPT, GEORGIA, INDIA, ISRAEL, JORDAN, MOROCCO,

TAIWAN, TUNISIA, UNITED STATES, WEST BANK AND GAZA STRIP.

ORGANIZATIONAL CLASSIFICATION

Three types of organization with participation in the “Marine Renewable Energies” FP7 projects are

considered in the study:

• FIRM: private companies operating on the markets.

• RESO: research organizations and public agencies.

• UNIV: higher education organizations.

SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL CONTEXT

MARINE ENERGIES: The seas and oceans are the largest solar collector and the world´s largest

energy storage system, representing a huge energy potential which using different technologies, can

be transformed into electricity and contribute to meet the current energy needs. The existing energy

resources in the sea is manifested in various forms: waves, currents, tides, temperature differences

or thermal gradients and salinity differences, which results in different technologies for exploiting

the energy from the sea:

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• Tidal energy or tidal power

• Stream Energy

• Ocean Thermal Energy

• Wave Energy

• Blue energy or osmotic power

Also there have been included other forms of energy related to the sea, such as:

• Wind energy obtained in off-shore platforms, located far from the coast.

• Energy from algae.

TEMPORAL PERIODS

• The starting period of the “Marine Renewable Energies” FP7 projects considered in the

study is: 2008 - 2013.

• The ending period is: 2010 - 2017.

OUTPUTS OF THE STUDY

Outputs of the study of “Marine Renewable Energies” FP7 projects:

• Benchmarking analysis of APC regions.

• Identification of Firms, Universities and Research Organizations in APC regions.

• Detection of relations between Firms, Universities and Research Organizations of APC

regions and with Firms, Universities and Research Organizations of other geographical

contexts.

ELABORATION OF INDICATORS

Indicators are developed based on the information on FP7 projects, in order to provide a

comparative description of scientific and technological activities carried out on Marine Energy by

organizations from APC regions in the Atlantic Space.

IMPORTANCE OF THE RELATIONS

One aspect of great importance is the analysis of relations between universities, research

organizations and companies. Also important is the geographical dimension of relations that connect

9

APC regions with other regions of the European Union, other European countries and the rest of the

world. All these leads to the study of relationships that occur in European projects and shows how

clusters can also be defined in Marine Renewable Energies in the regions participating in the project

Atlantic Power Cluster.

STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY OF FP7 PROJECTS

The study contains three level of analysis:

• Analysis of the “Marine Renewable Energies” FP7 projects.

• Analysis of the organizations participating in “Marine Renewable Energies” FP7 projects.

• Analysis of the relations between organizations participating in “Marine Renewable

Energies” FP7 projects.

B. ANALYSIS OF THE FP7 PROJECTS ON MRE

1. BASIC DATA ON FP7 PROJECTS

FP7 PROJECTS

The study analysed 69 FP7 projects in the area of marine renewable energies.

Organizations from APC regions have participated in 43 FP7 projects in Marine Renewable Energies.

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FP7 PARTICIPANTS

“Participants” are different organizations in the FP7 projects.

• Total number of participants: 532 organizations.

• Number of APC participants: 68 organizations.

APC in "Energy Marine" FP7 Projects (Total= 69 FP7 Projects)

Fuente: CORDIS. Elaboration by Novatriz for FUAC in APC.

APC

Non APC

62,3%

37,7%

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FP7 PARTICIPATIONS

“Participations” are the number of appearances of the organizations in the FP7 projects. One

organization (1 participant) can participate in three projects (3 participations).

• Total number of participations: 796 participations.

• Number of APC participations: 108 participations.

APC participants in "Energy Marine" FP7 Projects (Total= 532 participants)


APC

Non APC

12,8%

87,2%

12

FP7 RELATIONSHIPS

“Relationships” are the links between organizations that work all together in each FP7 project.

• Total number of relationships: 6.068 relationships.

• Number of relationships assigned exclusively to APC: 823,5 relationships.

APC Participations in "Energy Marine" FP7 Projects (Total= 796 participations)


APC

Non APC

13,6%

86,4%

13

2. TITLES OF FP7 PROJECTS

• 7MW-WEC-BY-11. Pilot demonstration of eleven 7MW-Class WEC at Estinnes in Belgium

• AEOLUS. Distributed control of large-scale offshore wind farms project proposal

• ALL-GAS. Industrial scale demonstration of sustainable algae cultures for biofuel production

• AQUAFUELS. Alage and aquatic biomass for a sustainable production of 2nd generation biofuels

• AQUAGEN. Development of cost-effective, water based power take-off system for marine energy applications

• BIOFAT. BIOfuel From Algae Technologies

• BIOWALK4BIOFUELS. Biowaste and Algae Knowledge for the Production of 2nd Generation Biofuels

• CAPMIX. Capacitive mixing as a novel principle for generation of clean renewable energy from salinity differences

• CLUSTERDESIGN. A Toolbox for Offshore Wind Farm Cluster Design

• COCONET. Towards COast to COast NETworks of marine protected areas (from the shore to the high and deep sea), coupled with sea-based wind energy potential.

• CORES. Components for ocean renewable energy systems

• DEEPWIND. Future Deep Sea Wind Turbine Technologies

• DEMA. Direct Ethanol from MicroAlgae

• DEMOWFLOAT. Demonstration of the WindFloat Technology

• EERA-DTOC. EERA Design Tools for Offshore Wind Farm Cluster

• EQUIMAR. Equitable testing and evaluation of marine energy extraction devices in terms of performance, cost and environmental impact

APC Relationships in "Energy Marine" FP7 Projects (Total= 6.068 relationships)


APC

Non APC

13,6%

86,4%

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• FLOATGEN. DEMONSTRATION OF TWO FLOATING WIND TURBINE SYSTEMS FOR POWER GENERATION IN MEDITERRANEAN DEEP WATERS

• FUEL4ME. FUture European League 4 Microalgal Energy

• GEOWAVE. Geotechnical design solutions for the offshore renewable wave energy industry

• H2OCEAN. Development of a wind-wave power open-sea platform equipped for hydrogen generation with support for multiple users of energy

• HIPRWIND. High Power, high Reliability offshore wind technology

• HYDROBOND. New cost/effective superHYDROphobic coatings with enhanced BOND strengh and wear resistance for application in large wind turbine blades.

• HYLOW. Hydropower converters with very low head differences

• ICFLOAT. Coupled fluid-solid numerical modelling for deep-water and far-offshore floating wind turbines using an adaptive finite element method

• INFLOW. INdustrialization setup of a FLoating Offshore Wind turbine

• INNWIND.EU. Innovative Wind Conversion Systems (10-20MW) for Offshore Applications

• INTESUSAL. Demonstration of integrated and sustainable enclosed raceway and photobioreactor microalgae cultivation with biodiesel production and validation.

• MAGNETIDE. Improved magnets for energy generation through advanced tidal technology

• MARINA PLATFORM. Marine renewable integrated application platform

• MARINET. Marine Renewables Infrastructure Network for Emerging Energy Technologies

• MED-CSD. Combined solar power and desalination plants: technico-economic potential in Mediterranean partner countries

• MEDIRAS. Membrane distillation in remote areas

• MEDOW. Multi-terminal DC grid for offshore wind

• MERMAID. Innovative Multi-purpose off-shore platforms: planning, Design and operation

• MIDEA. Midfrequency energy analysis

• MUSTANG. A multiple space and time scale approach for the quantification of deep saline formations for CO2 storage

• NIMO. Development and demonstration of a novel integrated condition monitoring system for wind turbines

• NORSEWIND. Northern seas wind index database

• OFFSHORE FSI. FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTIONS IN OFFSHORE ENGINEERING

• OPTIWIND. Optimum Power Extraction of Wind Energy by Small to Medium Scale Wind Turbines

• ORECCA. Off-shore Renewable Energy Conversion platforms - Coordination Action

• PIPESTORE. A modular phase change material thermal store that enables optimal performance of renewable energy systems

• POLYWEC. New mechanisms and concepts for exploiting electroactive Polymers for Wave Energy Conversion.

• PULSE STREAM 1200. Full scale demonstration prototype tidal stream generator

• REAPOWER. Reverse Electrodialysis Alternative Power Production

• RELIAWIND. Reliability focused research on optimizing wind energy systems design, operation and maintenance: tools, proof of concepts, guidelines & methodologies for a new generation

• REMCAP. Resource Efficient Maritime Capacity

• REMO. Online Remote Condition Monitoring of Tidal Stream Generators

• RINGMAN. Offshore Wind Turbine Towers A Quicker, Cheaper Flange Supply Route

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• SEA2GRID. Grid connection of Wave Energy Converters: investigation on storage requirements and solutions

• SHIPARRESTOR. Development of a combined sea anchor and connector to be deployed by helicopter in order to prevent sea vessels in drift from grounding or colliding with offshore installations

• SNAPPER. The devlopment of a novel rare-earth magnet based wave power conversion system - Snapper

• STANDPOINT. Standardisation of Point Absorber Wave Energy Convertors by Demonstration

• SUPRAPOWER. SUPerconducting, Reliable, lightweight, And more POWERful offshore wind turbine

• SURGE. Simple underwater generation of renewable energy

• SYSWIND. Training future mechanical, civil, electrionic engineers and computer scientists in SYStem Identification, Condition & Health Monitoring for a New Generation of WIND Turbines

• THERMO-SPINTRONIC. High Performance Energy Conversion by the interplay between Thermoelectricity and Spin Seebeck Effect

• TIDALSENSE DEMO. Demonstration of a Condition Monitoring System for Tidal Stream Generators.

• TIDALSENSE. Development of a condition monitoring system for tidal stream generator structures

• TROPOS. Modular Multi-use Deep Water Offshore Platform Harnessing and Servicing Mediterranean, Subtropical and Tropical Marine and Maritime Resources

• TWENTIES. Transmission system operation with large penetration of wind and other renewable electricity sources in networks by means of innovative tools and integrated energy solutions

• WALID. Wind Blade Using Cost-Effective Advanced Composite Lightweight Design

• WAVEPORT. Demonstration & Deployment of a Commerical Scale Wave Energy Converter with an innovative Real Time Wave by Wave Tuning System

• WAVETRAIN 2. Initial training network for wave energy research professionals

• WETMATE. WETMATE a 33kV Subsea Wet-Mateable Connector for Offshore Renewable Energy

• WINDFLOWER. Aeroelastic tailoring of a passive wind turbine rotor and validation of design code

• WINGY-PRO. Increasing efficiency of wind power plants for the production of energy

• WINTUR DEMO. In-situ wireless monitoring of on - and offshore WINd TURbine blades using energy harvesting technology - Demonstration

• WINTUR. In-situ wireless monitoring of on- and offshore WINd TURbine blades using energy harvesting technology

3. TOTAL COST OF FP7 PROJECTS

TOTAL COST

• The total cost of the 69 projects was 436 million euros.

• This indicated a mean total cost of 6 million euros per project.

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Source: CORDIS. Elaboration by Novatriz for FUAC in APC.

56.809.396Maximun (euros per project)

100.000Minimun (euros per project)

5.522.502Interquartile Range

4.178.234Median (euros per project)

8.523.943Standard Deviation

6.319.571Mean (euros per project)

436.050.424Total (euros)

69Number of projects

Total costTotal cost in "Energy Marine" FP7 Projects

17

4. EU CONTRIBUTION TO FP7 PROJECTS

EU Contribution

• The EU contribution to the 69 projects was 286 million euros. This is the 65,6% of the total

cost.

• The EU contribution per project was 4 million euros.

Distribution of total cost in "Energy Marine" FP7 P rojects (Total= 69 FP7 Projects)

Fuente: CORDIS. Elaboration by Novatriz for FUAC in APC.MEur: Million of euros

Less than 1 MEur1 to 2,5 MEur

2,5 to 5 MEur5 to 7,5 MEur

7,5 to 10 MEurMore than 10 MEur

0

10

20

30

13

20,3

23,2

20,3

7,2

15,9

%

18

5. DURATION OF FP7 PROJECTS


31.774.565Maximun (euros per project)

100.000Minimun (euros per project)

3.773.998Interquartile Range

2.997.000Median (euros per project)

4.820.218Standard Deviation

4.147.568Mean (euros per project)

286.182.222Total (euros)

69Number of projects

EU contribution

EU contribution in "Energy Marine" FP7 Projects

Distribution of EU contribution in "Energy Marine" FP7 Projects (Total= 69 FP7 Projects)

Fuente: CORDIS. Elaboration by Novatriz for FUAC in APC.MEur: Million of euros

Less than 1 MEur1 to 2,5 MEur

2,5 to 5 MEur5 to 7,5 MEuro

7,5 to 10 MEurMore than 10 MEur

0

10

20

30

40

14,5

27,5

36,2

7,2 7,2 7,2

%

19

Duration in Months

• In mean terms, the 69 FP7 projects have duration of 39 months.

• Durations of 23 and 47 months were very frequent.

6. START OF FP7 PROJECTS

START OF PROJECTS

• The 69 projects started in 2008-2013, with 26, 1% of the projects starting in 2012.

Duration in months of "Marine Energy" FP7 Projects(Total= 69 FP7 Projects)


17 months

23 months

25 months

26 months

27 months

35 months

36 months

40 months

41 months

44 months

47 months

53 months

59 months

0 10 20 30 40

2,9

18,8

2,9

1,4

1,4

10,1

7,2

1,4

2,9

1,4

39,1

4,3

5,8

%

20

7. END OF FP7 PROJECTS

End of Projects

• The ending period for the 69 projects was 2010-2017, with 23,2% of the projects finishing in

2014.

• Half of the projects have not finished yet.

Starting year of "Marine Energy" FP7 Projects(Total= 69 FP7 Projects)

Fuente: CORDIS. Elaboration by Novatriz for FUAC in APC.2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

17,4 17,415,9 15,9

26,1

7,2

%

21

8. PROGRAMMES OF THE FP7 PROJECTS

PROGRAMMES

• The main programme for the 69 projects was FP7-Energy. The 53,6% of the projects was

financed by this programme.

• Also the FP7-SME was frequent, with the 20,3% of the projects.

Ending year of "Marine Energy" FP7 Projects(Total= 69 FP7 Projects)

Fuente: CORDIS. Elaboration by Novatriz for FUAC in APC.2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

4,3

14,513 13

23,2

13 13

5,8

%

22

9. COORDINATION OF FP7 PROJECTS (GEOGRAPHICALLY)

Coordination (geographically)

• The coordination of the 69 FP7 projects in marine renewable energies was mainly carried

out by organizations of countries “some non Atlantic” (39, 1%) and “all non Atlantic”

(33,3%). These “some non Atlantic countries” were United Kingdom and Spain.

• The APC regions had the coordination of the 14, 5% of the projects.

FP7 Programmes of "Marine Energy" FP7 Projects(Total= 69 FP7 Projects)


FP7-ENERGY

FP7-ICT

FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES

FP7-KBBE

FP7-NMP

FP7-PEOPLE

FP7-REGIONS

FP7-SME

FP7-TRANSPORT

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

53,6

1,4

1,4

1,4

2,9

13

1,4

20,3

4,3

%

23

10. COORDINATION OF FP7 PROJECTS (ORGANIZATIONALLY)

COORDINATION (ORGANIZATIONALLY)

Coordination of "Energy Marine" FP7 Projects, by ge ographical areas (Total= 69 FP7 Projects)


APC

Atlantic Non APC

Some Non Atlantic

All Non Atlantic

European Non EU

14,5%

8,7%

39,1%

33,3%

4,3%

Coordination of "Energy Marine" FP7 Projects, by co untries(Total= 69 FP7 Projects)


UNITED KINGDOM

ESPAÑA

DEUTSCHLAND

DANMARK

ÉIRE/IRELAND

BELGIQUE-BELGIË

ITALIA

FRANCE

NEDERLAND

PORTUGAL

TURKEY

CESKA REPUBLIKA

NORGE

SUOMI/FINLAND

SVERIGE

0 10 20 30 40

30,4

18,8

10,1

7,2

7,2

4,3

4,3

2,9

2,9

2,9

2,9

1,4

1,4

1,4

1,4

%

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• Firms acted as coordinators in 44, 9% of the FP7 projects; universities, in the 31,9%, and

research organizations and public agencies, in the 23,2%.

• The organizations of the APC regions coordinated 10 FP7 projects. Firms (4), universities (4)

and research organizations and public agencies (2) were the coordinators in APC regions,

with ÉIRE/IRELAND (5), SPAIN (4) and PORTUGAL (1) as coordinator countries.

Coordination of "Energy Marine" FP7 Projects, by or ganizational types (Total= 69 FP7 Projects)


FIRM

RESO

UNIV

44,9%

23,2%

31,9%

25

11. TECHNOLOGICAL AREAS OF FP7 PROJECTS

TECHNOLOGICAL AREAS

• Offshore energy was the more frequent technological area in FP7 projects. Wave,

microalgae, tidal and salinity energies were also present. Other technologies have an

indirect relation with marine renewable energies.

• APC regions participated mainly in offshore energy projects and also in wave, microalgae,

tidal energies, but not in salinity.

ESPAÑA RED ELECTRICA DE ESPANA S.A.U.TWENTIES

ÉIRE/IRELAND THE PROVOST FELLOWS & SCHOLARS OF THE COLLEGE OF THE HOLY AND UNDIVIDED TRINITY OF QUEEN ELIZABETH NEAR DUBLIN

SYSWIND

ESPAÑA FUNDACION TECNALIA RESEARCH & INNOVATIONSUPRAPOWER

ÉIRE/IRELAND WAVEBOB LTDSTANDPOINT

ESPAÑA FUNDACION TECNALIA RESEARCH & INNOVATIONSEA2GRID

ÉIRE/IRELAND UNIVERSITY COLLEGE CORK, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND, CORK

MARINET

PORTUGAL EDP INOVACAO SADEMOWFLOAT

ÉIRE/IRELAND UNIVERSITY OF LIMERICKDEMA

ÉIRE/IRELAND UNIVERSITY COLLEGE CORK, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND, CORK

CORES

ESPAÑA AQUALIA GESTION INTERGRAL DEL AGUA SAALL-GAS

CountryAPC OrganizationProject

APC Coordination of FP7 Projects

26

12. OBJECTIVES OF FP7 PROJECTS WITH PARTICIPATION OF APC ORGANIZATIONS

PRESENTATION

Tecnological areas of "Energy Marine" FP7 Projects(Total= 69 FP7 Projects)

Fuente: CORDIS. Elaboration by Novatriz for FUAC in APC.* Other: CO2 storage, Desalination and solar energy, Hydropower,Maritime efficiency, Thermal storage, Thermoelectricity

Offshore energy

Wave energy

Microalgae energy

Tidal energy

Salinity gradient

* Other

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

52,2

15,9

10,1

8,7

2,9

10,1

%

APC regions in tecnological areas of "Energy Marine " FP7 Projects(Total= 43 FP7 Projects with APC participants)

(Total= 26 FP7 Projects with Non-APC participants)

Fuente: CORDIS. Elaboration by Novatriz for FUAC in APC.* Other: CO2 storage, Desalination and solar energy, Hydropower,Maritime efficiency, Thermal storage, Thermoelectricity

Offshore energy

Wave energy

Microalgae energy

Tidal energy

Salinity gradient

Other

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

55,8

16,3

11,6

9,3

0

7

46,2

15,4

7,7

7,7

7,7

15,4

%

APC

Non APC

27

• APC regions participated in 43 of the 69 “Marine Renewable Energy” projects identified in

FP7 Programmes.

• Here we present the objectives of these FP7 projects with participation of APC organizations,

(located in the territory of the Atlantic Power Cluster project).

• This information is relevant to know the scientific and technological activities of those

organizations participants in FP7 projects.

AEOLUS

A key socio-economic challenge for Europe is: how to deal with a climate change, while meeting

rapidly increasing demand for energy and ensuring security of supply? Wind energy can be a

significant part of the answer. The new frontier of the wind industry is large-scale offshore wind

farms. While promising, considerable research and development tasks remain to be carried out

before it reaches its full potential in terms of the efficient, stable, safe, predictable and controllable

supply of energy. Closed loop control of wind power installations has historically been decentralized

and a collection of wind turbines in farms is a highly complex system with interdependencies

through the shared resource, the wind. Wind turbines are affected by the wind but they also

changes the wind field within the farm through the control. To address objectives related to cost,

quality of power and mechanical loads, models and control paradigms must be developed that allow

wind resource allocation to individual turbines. Inspired by the industrial case of complex large-scale

distributed offshore wind farms, the Aeolus project will research and develop models that allow real-

time predictions of flows and incorporate measurements from a set of spatially distributed sensor

devices. In Aeolus we will use the flow information as a basis for new control paradigms, centralized

and distributed that acknowledges the uncertainty in the modelling and dynamically manages the

flow resource in order to optimise specific control objectives. The model and control principles are

used for control of a wind power farm to increase energy quality and reduce the fatigue loads. The

usefulness of our techniques will be validated on a case study and by physical experiments on a

scaled wind power farm.

ALL-GAS

This project will demonstrate on large scale the sustainable production of bio-fuels based on low-

cost microalgae cultures. The full chain of processes from algal ponds to biomass separation,

processing for oil and other chemicals extraction, and downstream biofuel production, as well as the

use in vehicles, will be implemented on a 10 ha site. Depending on the methodology chosen during

the research phase of the project, and the sustainability analysis, the most suitable site for the

objectives will be selected, among a number of selected locations in the South of Spain (Chiclana,

Almeria, Sevilla, Arcos, Canary Islands) Wastewater influent and nutrients will be re-used to

stimulate algae growth. The extracted oils will be processed at an existing biodiesel plant (capacity

6000 t/yr of used oils), designed by a consortium partner, which can be converted at reasonable

cost. The specified algae yield of 100t/ha/yr will be obtained by integrating and up-scaling innovative

systems to double algal yields. With a net oil content of 20 %, enough biodiesel yearly to run close to

200 cars is expected. The residual algae will be digested together with the wastewater solids in order

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to produce biogas and CO2. The biogas will be purified and compressed to serve as vehicle fuel for a

number of cars equivalent or superior to the ones fuelled by liquids. To reach the enhanced algal

yield, additional CO2 will be obtained by the thermal transformation of external biomass (i.e, sludge

from a wastewater treatment plant located in the area), together with internal biomass (digestate

from residual algae and wastewater solids), to generate flue-gas as heating source for drying the

biomass previous to Combustion. The options to transform the excess thermal energy generated

into electricity to power the systems will be analysed for financial and technical viability. As some

key process elements have not yet been proven on industrial scale, the technical risks will be limited

by an initial prototype phase. During these initial 2 -3 years, the whole chain will be built and

operated with each unit in its maximum size for instance, two ponds systems of 1000 to 2000 m2

linked to the respective harvesting, processing and digestion. The prototype as well as the future

full-scale facility will be investigated for environmental and social impacts in order to maximize

sustainability. These results and specific diffusion efforts will allow extrapolation to other sites.

AQUAFUELS

AquaFUELS intends to focus on establishing the state of the art on research, technological

development and demonstration activities regarding the exploitation of various algal and other

suitable non-food aquatic biomasses for 2nd generation bio fuels production. In this frame an overall

assessment, critical thinking and reasoning are necessary to draft the lines of future developments.

This will respond to the need of understanding the place of algae and aquatic biomass in the present

and future renewable energy sources portfolio in EU, with a careful eye to sustainability and social

implications. Such action can be effective only involving major stakeholders, defining the present

situation in a realistic perspective and this way providing a valuable contribution to shape future

developments. AquaFUELS aims to draw the detailed, comprehensive and concrete picture of the

actual status quo of EU and international initiatives on algae bio fuels. Based on this work,

AquaFUELS will successively elaborate an overall assessment on the technology, and identify major

research and industrial needs. The surveys and assessments produced by AquaFUELS will address

the full life cycle analysis - from collection to fuel use - in terms of environmental, economic and

social sustainability. A major mean to reach project goals will be the coordination of a critical mass of

ongoing research activities,that will be actively involved in the preparation of surveys as well as in

the elaboration of the assessment studies and identification of future needs. Creating and

maximizing synergies among these initiatives is one of major project results. Finally, the project will

establish the first European Algae Association that will promote mutual interchange and cooperation

in the field of algal biomass research, production and use.

BIOFAT

BIOFAT is a microalgae to biofuel Demonstration project with a farming area of 10-ha for microalgae

cultivation and a target annual productivity of 100 tons per ha. The project will integrate all the

processes from single cell to biofuel production. The production stage will be based on

photobioreactors for inocula production, and raceways for production of bulk biomass and induction

of oil/starch accumulation, necessary to obtain the biofuel (biodiesel and bioethanol). Carbon

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dioxide derived from fermentation will be used. Biomass harvesting will be done by pre-

concentration and subsequent centrifugation. A low-energy input centrifuge will be used. Extraction

will be done by mechanical cell disruption of wet (25-30% dry solids) paste. Oil will be transformed

into biodiesel by transesterification, and carbohydrates to bioethanol through fermentation. Oil and

carbohydrate accumulation will be obtained by nutrient stress using specific algal strains.

BIOWALK4BIOFUELS

The BioWALK4Biofuels Project aims to develop an alternative and innovative system for the

treatment of biowaste and use of GHG emissions to produce biofuels, using macroalgae as a

catalyser, in a multidisciplinary approach. The objectives of the project are: - production of a cost-

efficient biogas without using cereal crops. - optimise the production of biogas per amount of

biowaste and CO2 used. - increase and facilitate the types of biowastes that can be utilised for

biogas production. To achieve the underlined objectives, research activities are to be carried out on

the selection of adequate macroalgae species that can reach high output biomass yields and high

carbohydrate content. Pre-cultivation of protoplasts, accelerating cell-growth rate, is to be carried

out to increase productivity. In addition, the relationship between growth and energy potential of

selected species with the amounts/characteristics of GHG emissions and biowaste introduced in the

cultivation medium is to be studied. This way, higher biomass yields of macroalgae are achieved.

After fermenting the algal biomass, the cycle is closed by producing biogas to be used for electricity

and heat generation and as a transport fuel. A high quality product is expected, hence a purification

step will proceed the final product. Furthermore, organic residues from the biodigestor are to be

used as a combustible biomass, after drying and pelletising. The need for external inputs is

eliminated (no other biomass for fermentation is required) and the use of all feedstock is achieved.

The expected impact is to produce a cost-efficient, low energy-intensive, purified biogas, to reduce

negative environmental impacts from industry (GHG emissions) and biowaste. The multidisciplinary

approach solution gives the possibility to reduce GHG emissions and process biowaste, while

producing energy, seeking for future replications in other locations.

COCONET

Environmental policies focus on protecting habitats valuable for their biodiversity, as well as

producing energy in cleaner ways. The establishment of Marine Protected Area (MPA) networks and

installing Offshore Wind Farms (OWF) are important ways to achieve these goals. The protection and

management of marine biodiversity has focused on placing MPAs in areas important for biodiversity.

This has proved successful within the MPAs, but had little impact beyond their boundaries. In the

highly populated Mediterranean and the Black Seas, bordered by many range states, the declaration

of extensive MPAs is unlikely at present, so limiting the bearing of protection. The establishment of

MPAs networks can cope with this obstacle but, to be effective, such networks must be based on

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solid scientific knowledge and properly managed (not merely paper parks). OWF, meanwhile, must

be placed where the winds are suitable for producing power, but they should not have any

significant impact on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, or on human activities. The project will

have two main themes: - identify prospective networks of existing or potential MPAs in the

Mediterranean and the Black Seas, shifting from a local perspective (centred on single MPAs) to the

regional level (network of MPAs) and finally the basin scale (network of networks). The identification

of the physical and biological connections among MPAs will elucidate the patterns and processes of

biodiversity distribution. Measures to improve protection schemes will be suggested, based on

maintaining effective exchanges (biological and hydrological) between protected areas. The national

coastal focus of existing MPAs will be widened to both off shore and deep sea habitats,

incorporating them into the networks through examination of current legislation, to find legal

solutions to set up transboundary MPAs. - explore where OWF might be established, producing an

enriched wind atlas both for the Mediterranean and the Black Seas. OWF locations will avoid too

sensitive habitats but the possibility for them to act as stepping-stones through MPAs, without

interfering much with human activities, will be evaluated. Socioeconomic studies employing

ecosystem services valuation methods to develop sustainable approaches for both MPA and OWF

development will also be carried out, to complement the ecological and technological parts of the

project, so as to provide guidelines to design, manage and monitor networks of MPA.

CORES

Wave Energy Convertors are at an early stage of development. First generation devices have been

deployed at the shoreline and normally consist of Oscillating Water Column Systems. In order for

these systems to progress towards full commercial realisation they must develop into suited to mass

production. This project follows the successful FP6 funding round in which several fixed Oscillating

Water Columns Wave Energy Convertors (OWC WECs) were funded at Demonstration level. These

systems are now evolving from fixed to floating devices in deeper water, further offshore. This

brings new challenges which this project aims to address. The project will concentrate on the

development of new concepts and components for power-take-off, control, moorings, risers, data

acquisition and instrumentation based on floating OWC systems. However, the components and

concepts developed will have relevance to other floating device types. This project is proposed to

run over 3 years. The project brings together a mix of RTD performers and SME s selected from

across the European Union for their track records, complementarity and relevant experience.

DEMA

•The DEMA Consortium will develop, demonstrate and licence a complete economically competitive

technology for the direct production of bioethanol from microalgae with low-cost scalable

photobioreactors by 2016. Initial proof-of-concept results show via Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) and

economic balance that it is feasible to use microalgae to produce bioethanol for less than 0.40 per

litre. The catalytic conversion of solar energy, H2O and CO2 into ethanol will be carried out by a

metabolically engineered strain of the cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The DEMA

Project will carry out research and development on the complete biofuel-production process at two

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levels. In the first level, the performance of cyanobacteria will be substantially enhanced by a series

of metabolic engineering strategies to directly transform CO2, H2O and sunlight into Bioethanol at a

concentration level of >1-2% (v/v). In the second level the bioethanol is continuously extracted from

the culture media via a membrane technology process exploiting existing EU expertise and

technology. This elegant process design enables the economic and energy efficient production of

Biofuel at a dramatically reduced Capital and Operational expenditure. LCA performance is excellent

and the overall approach is likely to be superior to any other alternative process design either

proposed in the literature or by the US biofuels firm Algenol. We will also study exploitation of the

residual biomass for other energy related applications to generate an even better total LCA. The

DEMA bioethanol process will be economically, socially, and environmentally positive, providing a

complement and future replacement to terrestrial biomass-derived ethanol and act as an

immediately actionable means of reducing the carbon footprint of EU transport needs. The DEMA

consortium will achieve a Transformational Innovation in biofuel production via low risk

improvement of existing technologies at proof of concept stage.

DEMOWFLOAT

Consistent with industrial initiative of the SET Plan this project addresses the objective of a grid-

connected multi-megawatt fully integrated offshore wind turbine hosted on a floating support

structure. The Proposed Project is in the unique position to leverage significant pre-existing financial

and intellectual capital invested by the project coordinator, WindPlus in a PILOT unit installation of

the WindFloat with a 2MW Vestasturbine. WindPlus joint vesnture partners and Consortium

members of the Project, realize that the design, fabrication and installation of a WindFloat unit is

only the first step towards a full demonstration of a floating offshore wind system. It also represents

the highest cost, in economic terms, however the WindPlus, as the proposed Project coordinator is

proposing to use the installed PILOT unit to demonstrate benefits of floating offshore system and its

cost competiveness. The PILOT project, funded by the JV partners and the Portuguese Member

State, will design, fabricate and install the WindFloat system. The Portuguese member state has

contributed 7 million Euros to the pre-existing project out of a total investment of 20million Euros.

Due to financial constraints, the operational/ demonstration phase of the project is currently limited

to a minimum set of tests. The Proposed Project (Project) addresses the next step, which is to

demonstrate the long-term performance capabilities of the system. It is imperative that the system

passes the scrutiny of the financial sector, as without project financing it is impossible to install

multi-megawatt floating offshore wind parks. A period of extensive testing and monitoring is needed

to demonstrate the system s performance. As with any new technological development, this system

requires a significant degree of testing, monitoring, data gathering and analysis as part of a detailed

demonstration process. WindPlus JV partners and the Portuguese government took the first step.

EERA-DTOC

The European Energy Research Alliance (EERA) together with some high-impact industry partners

addresses the call proposing an integrated and validated design tool combining the state-of-the-art

wake, yield and electrical models available in the consortium, as a plug-in architecture with

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possibility for third party models. To decrease uncertainties around wind farm wake predictions, a

small measurement campaign together with the new data available from the industry partners will

enable better tuning, and eventually better modelling of the far-field of wind farm wakes. With the

large amount of offshore wind farms to be built in the next years, clusters of wind farms will appear

at favourable locations, like in the German Bight and Dogger Bank. Large arrays of floating wind

farms planned near long-distance grid cables independent of water depth will also start to appear in

the next years. The planning and design of these clusters pose new challenges with regards to the

siting of the connected wind farms, the design of the interconnecting grid structure and the

integration of the large amount of power into the electricity supply systems. The concept of the

EERA-DTOC project is to combine this expertise in a common integrated software tool for the

optimised design of offshore wind farms and wind farm clusters acting as wind power plants. The

only point less well known, due to the lack of good data so far, is the behaviour of the wind farm

wake, in particular far-field wake. Therefore, a small measurement campaign is planned and

collection of lidar data and high-resolution satellite images to get better data. Key industry actors

working as end users of the software will help in the design of the tool, and will afterwards verify the

performance of the tool using their own data and test cases.

EQUIMAR

EquiMar will deliver a suite of protocols for the equitable evaluation of marine energy converters

(based on either tidal or wave energy). These protocols will harmonise testing and evaluation

procedures across the wide variety of devices presently available with the aim of accelerating

adoption though technology matching and improved understanding of the environmental and

economic impacts associated with the deployment of arrays of devices. EquiMar will assess devices

through a suite of protocols covering site selection, device engineering design, the scaling up of

designs, the deployment of arrays of devices, the environmental impact, in terms of both biological

& coastal processes, and economic issues. A series of protocols will be developed through a robust,

auditable process and disseminated to the wider community.

FLOATGEN

The objective of the FLOATGEN project is to demonstrate the technical and economic feasibility of

two different multi-megawatt integrated floating-wind turbine systems in deep waters, never

applied before to Mediterranean Sea conditions, in order to extend deep offshore wind resources

and demonstrate decrease of costs for electricity generation down to competitive level. The project

will also assess, compare and obtain conclusions about performance of suchtwo different

combinations of wind turbine and floating structure technologies to get the knowledge to improve

performance of the future replication projects of these technologies. To reach such objectives, the

project will join a 10 partnership European consortium, industry led by three global wind turbine

manufacturers and wind farm operators, GAMESA and ACCIONA WINDPOWER and ACCIONA

ENERGIA, in cooperation with the floating systems developers IDEOL and NAVANTIA, the

contribution of OLAV OLSEN and STUTTGART UNIVERSITY for structural design, and supported for

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monitoring, environmental and dissemination activities by FRAUNHOFER-IWES, RSK GROUP and

GREENOVATE.

GEOWAVE

Sustainable offshore wave energy has the potential to make a real contribution towards the binding

EU commitment to source 20% of its electricity requirements from renewable sources by 2020. The

vast wave energy resource along Europe western seaboard is unparalleled anywhere in the world.

Consequently the EU has an opportunity to become international industry leaders in what is

becoming a rapidly evolving and dynamic marketplace. However technical and economical hurdles

associated with anchoring wave energy devices to the seabed threatens to stall and limit the impact

that renewable wave energy has the potential to deliver. Consequently the offshore renewable wave

energy industry has collectively identified mooring and anchoring systems as a research topic of

immediate relevance and priority. GeoWAVE aims to address this immediate research need by

providing a structure whereby industry specified research will be conducted on a new generation of

offshore anchors and mooring components deemed to have the highest economical and technical

merit for mooring wave energy devices. In so doing GeoWAVE will remove the technical and

economical hurdle of mooring wave energy converters to the seabed so that widespread

deployment on a commercial scale becomes viable, thereby providing new business opportunities

for the SMEs. This 2 year project brings together 3 SMEs, 3 RTD performers and 2 end-user groups

from 5 EU member states. The research approach adopted by the consortium involves using

complementary methodologies in numerical, analytical and experimental modelling combined with

field trials to increase the understanding of the combined response of the system and to develop

economical and practical design solutions for the wave energy industry. The new knowledge

generated by the project will be fully assigned to the SMEs, who will exploit the assigned intellectual

property rights by maximising the market opportunity that is considered to open up by 2016.

H2OCEAN

The rational exploitation of oceans space and resources is increasingly seen as crucial to enhance

European competitiveness in key areas such as Renewable Energy and Aquaculture. The H2OCEAN

consortium aims at developing an innovative design for an economically and environmentally

sustainable multi-use open-sea platform. The H2OCEAN platform will harvest wind and wave power,

using part of the energy on-site for multiple applications including a multi-trophic aquaculture farm,

and convert on-site the excess energy into hydrogen that can be stored and shipped to shore as

green energy carrier. The project builds on already on-going R&D and commercial activities of a

partnership involving European leading industrial and academic partners from 5 countries within the

fields of renewable energy, fish farming, hydrogen generation, maritime transports and related

research disciplines. The unique feature of the H2OCEAN concept, besides the integration of

different activities into a shared multi-use platform, lies in the novel approach for the transmission

of offshore-generated renewable electrical energy through hydrogen. This concept allows effective

transport and storage the energy decoupling energy production and consumption, thus avoiding the

grid imbalance problem inherent to current offshore renewable energy systems. Additionally, this

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concept also circumvents the need for a cable transmission system which takes up a significant

investment share for offshore energy generation infrastructures, increasing the price of energy. The

envisaged integrated concept will permit to take advantage of several synergies between the

activities within the platform significantly boosting the Environmental, Social and Economic potential

impact of new maritime activities, increasing employment and strengthening European

competitiveness in key economic areas.

HIPRWIND

The aim of the HiPRwind project is to develop and test new solutions for very large offshore wind

turbines at an industrial scale. The project addresses critical issues of offshore WT technology such

as extreme reliability, remote maintenance and grid integration with particular emphasis on floating

wind turbines, where weight and size limitations of onshore designs can be overcome. HiPRWind will

test a cost effective approach to floating offshore WTs at a 1:10 lower MW scale as a first of its kind

worldwide. Innovative engineering methods, new rotor blade designs and built-in active control

features will reduce the dynamic loads and thus weight and cost drastically compared to existing

designs. It will overcome the gap in technology development between small scale tank testing and

full scale offshore deployment. Thus HiPRwind will significantly reduce risk and cost of deep offshore

technology commercialisation. The HiPRwind project can make use of two existing offshore test

areas, with a favourable permitting situation and suitable infrastructure such as the grid connection

and monitoring facilities. In WP 1, a floating support structure and the moorings system will be

designed and manufactured. WP 2 covers the operation of the research projects of the platform.

Within WP 3 to 6, critical aspects of the floating wind turbine are investigated, such as the structure

and its system dynamics, the controller, high reliability power electronics to be tested in the lab at a

MultiWM scale, the condition and structural health monitoring systems and the rotor based on

innovative blade designs and features. The results feed into WP 7 to identify and refine new

concepts for very large offshore wind turbines. The full impact of the project is ensured by a strong

participation of leading industrial as well as R&D stakeholders from the offshore-maritime and the

wind energy sector with a strong background in harsh environment industrial developments.

HYLOW

Small hydropower with very low head or pressure differences below 2.5 m and hydraulic power

ratings of 50 to 1000 kW is a significant renewable resource, with an estimated unused potential in

rivers alone of e.g. 600 to 1000 MW in the UK and more than 500 MW in Germany. The economically

and ecologically efficient utilisation of this hydropower bracket still constitutes an unsolved problem

since conventional turbines (Kaplan or Cross flow) are not cost effective, and since they are

considered to have a negative ecological impact. In order to open up this hydropower bracket for

exploitation, an innovative solution - the hydrostatic pressure turbine - was developed. This novel

hydraulic machine utilises differential hydrostatic pressures; with theory and initial model tests

indicating high theoretical efficiencies for low head differences. It rotates at slow speeds and

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operates under atmospheric pressure with a continuous bed, thus minimising negative impact on

fish.

INFLOW

The INdustrialization setup of a FLoating Offshore Wind turbine (INFLOW) project participates to the

development of an innovative solution for the offshore wind market. The main role of the project

will be to demonstrate the cost competitiveness of the solution and to bridge the gap in between

the development and industrialization phases of the technology. The development started with the

validation of the new technology back in 2009, with the first 35kW onshore prototype. It will finish

with the first phase of industrialization in which a 26MW commercial wind farm composed by 13

turbines will be constructed..In brief, INFLOW objectives are: (i) to optimize the prototype developed

in the previous phases and (ii) to manage all aspects required to initiate a viable industrialisation

phase, in order to launch a 26 MW wind farm and to develop even larger farms in the future (150

MW by 2018). It has to be stressed that the INFLOW project will rely upon the results of the first

deep offshore wind turbine prototype of the VERTIWIND project. The blades and the arm profiles of

the turbine along with arm to blade and arm to mast connections will be optimized based on the test

feedback of VERTIWIND. The floater concept and design will be upgraded considering more cost

effective solutions for a large-scale replication. Consequently the technology during the timeframe

of INFLOW will be out of the prototype phase, and due the maturity reached should be considered

as pre-commercial.

INNWIND.EU

The overall objectives of the INNWIND.EU project are the high performance innovative design of a

beyond-state-of-the-art 10-20MW offshore wind turbine and hardware demonstrators of some of

the critical components. These ambitious primary objectives lead to a set of secondary objectives,

which are the specific innovations, new concepts, new technologies and proof of concepts at the sub

system and turbine level. The progress beyond the state of the art is envisaged as an integrated wind

turbine concept with i) a light weight rotor having a combination of adaptive characteristics from

passive built-in geometrical and structural couplings and active distributed smart sensing and

control, ii) an innovative, low-weight, direct drive generator and iii) a standard mass-produced

integrated tower and substructure that simplifies and unifies turbine structural dynamic

characteristics at different water depths. A lightweight blade design will be demonstrated at a MW

scale turbine. The drive train innovations include a super conducting generator; pseudo magnetic

drive train and a light weight re-design of the bedplate for reduced tower top mass. The

superconducting generator technology and the pseudo magnetic drive technology will be

demonstrated at relevant scales by participating industry. The concepts are researched individually

at the component level but also at the wind turbine system level in an integrated approach. Their

benefits are quantified through suitable performance indicators and their market deployment

opportunities are concretely established in two dedicated integrating work packages. The

consortium comprises of leading Industrial Partners and Research Establishments focused on longer

term research and innovation of industrial relevance. The project addresses the heart of the Long

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Term R&D Programme of the New Turbines and Components strand of the European Wind Initiative

(EWI) established under SET-Plan, the Common European Policy for Energy Technologies.

MAGNETIDE

Gearless generators are of increasing interest and turbine system manufacturers are looking into

gearless energy systems projecting onto 2015. Gear operates on mechanical engagement and

friction which implies loss of energy and mechanical damage on parts in long term. Gearless

generators, on the other hand, are possible by employing magnets, for which powder metallurgy

(PM) and most notably powder injection moulding (PIM) is an ideal process and currently sought

after. Current tidal stream device technologies use bladed fans or oscillating hydrofoils to convert

kinetic energy in a flowing current of water into rotary motion driving a generator. The purpose of

this project is to integrate an improved generator through appropriate selection of magnets with an

innovative tidal system to stream tidal energy as a renewable source. Driven by the need for high

energy efficiency, minimal friction loss as in a gear system, therefore present potential

opportunities. In this project, we will develop improved magnetic generator by exploring the use of

high performance rare earth magnets, as well as iron (Fe) based PIM options for benchmarking and

optimisation, in combination with an innovative generator design and power system connection to

integrate with the tidal device and achieve a high energy conversion in terms of electrical power

from the kinetic energy potential of tidal streams. Industrial use of near net shape PIM magnets for

wave and tidal devices in renewable energy generation will be achieved, and therefore increasing

the range of applications of these constantly developing materials. An improved generator will also

enable higher output in terms of energy conversion from tidal streams, resulting in a more

economical and efficient tidal device.

MARINA PLATFORM

MARINA is a European project dedicated to bringing offshore renewable energy applications closer

to the market by creating new infrastructures for both offshore wind and ocean energy converters.

It addresses the need for creating a cost-efficient technology development basis to kick-start growth

of the nascent European marine renewable energy (MRE) industry in the deep offshore a major

future global market. The project combines deep-water engineering experience from European oil &

gas developments during the last 40 years, state-of-the-art concepts for offshore wind energy, and

the most promising concepts in today R&D pipeline on wave energy and other marine renewable.

The MARINA project is designed to capitalise on the vast body of proven marine technological

knowledge gained in one of the world most hostile off-shore operating environments: the Northern

European seas. MARINA will bolt this practical technology skill set onto the research base of the

emerging but still marginal EU MRE industry and ensure its continued world-leading role. The

MARINA project is therefore of major strategic significance for Europe.

MARINET

Offshore Renewable Conversion systems are mostly at the pre-commercial stage of development.

They comprise wave energy and tidal stream converters as well as offshore wind turbines for

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electrical generation. These devices require research to be undertaken at a series of scales along the

path to commercialization. Each technology type is currently at a different stage of development but

each one also needs specific research infrastructures to facilitate and catalyze commercialization.

The aim of this project is to coordinate research and development at all scales (small models through

to prototype scales from Laboratory through to Open Sea tests) and to allow access for researchers

and developers into facilities which are not available universally in Europe. The linking together of

facilities at different scales together with the incorporation of test facilities for components such as

power take-off systems, grid integration, moorings, environmental tests will ensure a focusing of

activities in this area. MaRINET brings together an Infrastructure with 42 Facilities from 28 Partners

spread across 11 EU countries and 1 ICPC, Brazil. It also brings together a network of expertise in the

Offshore Marine Renewable Energy sector with experience at all scales of offshore technology

research and development. MaRINET offers over 600 weeks of access to 300 projects and 800

external users. The majority (77%) of the MaRINET budget has been targeted in the areas most

prioritized in the EC Call such as networking, training, dissemination and transnational access.

MERMAID

European oceans will be subject to massive development of marine infrastructure in the near future.

The most obvious is the energy facilities e.g. offshore wind farms, exploitation of wave energy,

expansion of electricity connections, and also further development and implementation of marine

aquaculture. This will also lead to an increased need for marine infrastructure to support installation

and the ongoing operation of the facilities. However, both economical costs and environmental

impact have to be reduced in order to increase the feasibility of the use of ocean space. Marine

structures for offshore wind farms and aquaculture have to be installed at various sites and on much

larger scale than earlier implementation of offshore structures in order to fulfil EU strategies (1) for

reduction of fossil-based energy and (2) to become a major player in sustainable aquaculture.

However the feasibility is much more sensitive to the costs of structures and the installation of the

structures than for instance Oil & Gas facilities. Novel innovative design concepts should address

different physical conditions in order to make the best use of the ocean space. Going from deep

water (north of Spain) to shallow water with high morphological activity (the Wadden Sea) and

further to inner waters like the inner Danish/Baltic areas and the Adriatic Sea changes the focus

from a strong physical aspect to environmental impact. This will make it possible to develop, test

and integrate different technologies but also to address site specific challenges. Both for offshore

renewable and for aquaculture a substantial part of the costs is variable cost related to operations

and maintenance of the plants. It is obvious that optimization of the use of ocean space for different

purposes might benefit from shared resources such as staff allocation, transportation of staff and

material from and to the platforms, use of forecasting systems, ships etc.

MUSTANG

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The objectives of MUSTANG are to develop and disseminate a comprehensive set of methodologies

and tools for the assessment and characterization of deep saline aquifers for CO2 storage, providing

measures of performance and risk that are necessary for a cost-benefit analysis, ensuring public

confidence and acceptance and promoting its deployment. Novel CO2 storage specific field

investigation technologies and methodologies will be developed, allowing an improved

determination of the relevant physical properties of the site and enabling short response times in

the detection and monitoring of CO2 plumes during both the injection and storage phases. We also

aim at an improved understanding of the processes of CO2 spreading by means of theoretical

investigations, laboratory experiments, natural analogue studies and field scale injection tests,

including those relevant to the: 1) seal integrity; 2) the negative impact of possibly conductive faults;

3) formation heterogeneities; 4) CO2 trapping mechanisms; and 5) effective treatment for the wide

span of spatial and temporal scales of the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical processes.

Based on the improved process models, conceptual and numerical models will be developed for

analyzing CO2 injection and storage and implemented at six test sites representing different

geological settings and geographical locations in Europe, also addressing the impact of the CO2

injection on seal integrity. The guidelines to be developed will be integrated into a decision support

system, which will include a risk assessment component and liabilities consideration. The DSS will be

tested and validated at the various project test sites. Special attention has been devoted to promote

measures capable of enhancing public outreach and acceptance and dissemination of the

methodologies and technologies to the wide public.

NIMO

Wind energy is the most developed of a number of renewable energy technologies, with several

thousands of wind turbines already operating or being planned for construction across Europe. Wind

turbines can be deployed individually to power a single site or installation, but are most commonly

grouped together as wind farms to provide power to the electricity grid. The energy output from

wind turbines has increased dramatically over the past thirty years from 50kW to 6MW, while 8-

12MW turbines are in the design stage. The greater energy yield achieved means that the number of

turbines needed to produce a given amount of energy has been reduced by a significant factor. Over

the same period the tower height and rotor diameter of turbines have doubled leading to much

more complex construction, maintenance and inspection procedures, particularly when off-shore

turbines are concerned. Under normal operation schedules wind turbines have an average annual

maintenance expenditure of ~2% of the original turbine investment. However, unpredictable failure

of certain wind turbine components (i.e. blades, tower, gearbox, generator, brakes, yaw system,

etc.) can lead to substantially higher maintenance costs and reduced availability of turbines. To

increase the competitiveness of wind energy in comparison to other power generation technologies,

significant and measurable improvements in the availability, reliability and lifetime of wind turbines

need to be achieved in the foreseeable future. NIMO seeks to practically eliminate catastrophic

failures and minimise the need for corrective maintenance by developing and successfully

implementing an integrated condition monitoring system for the continuous evaluation of wind

turbines. NIMO will advance existing state-of-the-art condition monitoring technology used in wind

39

turbines by delivering an advanced system which will be able to reliably evaluate the condition of

critical structural components, rotating parts and braking mechanisms.

NORSEWIND

NORSEWInD is a programme designed to provide a wind resource map covering the Baltic, Irish and

North Sea areas. The project will acquire highly accurate, cost effective, physical data using a

combination of traditional Meteorological masts, ground based remote sensing instruments (LiDAR

& SoDAR) and Satellite acquired SAR winds. The vertical resolution of the ground based instruments

will be used to calibrate the Satellite data to provide hub height, real world data. The resultant wind

map will be the first stop for all potential developers in the regions being examined, and as such

represents an important step forward in quantifying the quality of the wind resource available

offshore. The techniques employed are fully transferrable, meaning that they can be repeated in any

offshore environment. This will be showcased in the NORSEWInD validation task. Remote sensing

has a hugely important role to play within the wind industry, and their use within the NORSEWInD

programme to reduce the cost and increase the accuracy of offshore wind measurements will

increase acceptance and showcase the ability and power of the techniques.

OPTIWIND

Each member state in the EU-27 now has a legally binding 2020 target related to the share of

renewable energy in their final energy consumption. The most commonly available renewable

energy sources are hydro, biomass, PV, CSP, Wind, Geothermal & Wave power. This wind is

increasingly becoming cost competitive and the cost of wind turbines are dropping as volumes

increase. This proposal deals with distributed energy production by small to medium wind turbines

in the 10kW-100kW range, used immediately close to the point of power production. Wind energy

conversion is a long standing process that has been employed for hundreds of years, but it is

complicated and difficult to capture the maximum possible amount of power at any given point in

time. The amount of power output from a WECS depends upon the accuracy with which the peak

power points are tracked by the MPPT controller of the WECS control system regardless of the

generator type. For any wind turbine the maximum point of the power curve occurs at a particular

rotor speed for a given wind speed. Even a small variation from this rotor speed will cause a

significant decrease in the power extracted from the wind. Rotor speed, for a given wind speed, is

dependent upon generator loading as well as the fluctuation in the wind speed. Power extraction

strategies assess the wind conditions and then introduce control actions to adjust the turbine s

rotational speed so that it will operate at the turbine s highest aerodynamic efficiency. Conversion

strategies that have not been optimised can lead to significant wasted wind energy. There have been

many attempts to achieve maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms but these have not

been successfully translated from academic studies to reliable working industrial implementations in

our power range. The focus of this project is to produce an industrial solution that works reliably and

can be employed without needing expert users.

ORECCA

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The objectives are to create a framework for knowledge sharing and to develop a research roadmap

for activities in the context of offshore renewable energy (RE). In particular, the project will

stimulate collaboration in research activities leading towards innovative, cost efficient and

environmentally benign offshore RE conversion platforms for wind, wave and other ocean energy

resources, for their combined use as well as for the complementary use such as aquaculture and

monitoring of the sea environment. The use of the offshore resources for RE generation is a

relatively new field of interest. ORECCA will overcome the knowledge fragmentation existing in

Europe and stimulate the key experts to provide useful inputs to industries, research organizations

and policy makers (stakeholders) on the necessary next steps to foster the development of the

ocean energy sector in a sustainable and environmentally friendly way. A focus will be given to

respect the strategies developed towards an integrated European maritime policy. The project will

define the technological state of the art, describe the existing economical and legislative framework

and identify barriers, constraints and needs within. ORECCA will enable collaboration of the

stakeholders and will define the framework for future exploitation of offshore RE sources by defining

2 approaches: pilot testing of technologies at an initial stage and large scale deployment of offshore

RE farms at a mature stage. ORECCA will finally develop a vision including different technical options

for deployment of offshore energy conversion platforms for different target areas in the European

seas and deliver integrated roadmaps for the stakeholders. These will define the strategic

investment opportunities, the R&D priorities and the regulatory and socio-economic aspects that

need to be addressed in the short to the medium term to achieve a vision and a strategy for a

European policy towards the development of the offshore RE sector.

REMCAP

The global maritime market is on a strong growth trajectory, and this project aims to harness that

growth to create economic and employment benefits for Europe. On the one hand, growth is driven

by commercial megatrends such as demand for marine/offshore renewable energy, fish products

and emerging potential for blue biotech products; on the other hand, there is high demand for

efficient use and management of the ocean resource, as described in the EU Integrated Maritime

Strategy. Increasing Europe s innovation capacity in maritime resource efficiency will underpin

successful exploitation of these growth opportunities. Traditionally, the maritime industries have

been slow to explore how demands for resource efficiency would impact on them. Fish stock

depletion and rising fuel costs have, of course, risen quickly up the political and commercial agendas,

and shipping companies as well as builders and engine manufacturers have invested in improving

fuel efficiency. However, the wider needs for maritime resource efficiency are posing challenges

which in many cases lack viable solutions. Emerging marine activities (for example in exploiting

marine renewable energy) are presenting new opportunities for innovation, but are also highlighting

areas where further improvements in resource efficiency need to be achieved. European member

states contain a number of Regional Research Driven Clusters (RRDCs) which are active in the fields

of maritime development and marine & coastal resource management. This project will add

significant value to this existing cluster infrastructure, via three main approaches that will support

their long-term development and sustainability: Facilitating interaction and knowledge exchange

between RRDCs each focused on its world-class strengths (Smart Specialisation); Raising the

41

effectiveness of RRDCs by strengthening shared approaches to innovation support; Using RRDC

activities to stimulate involvement of supply chain companies.

REMO

Tidal stream power is a very environmentally attractive renewable energy source whose exploitation

is being retarded by operation and maintenance problems which cause very low availability times, as

poor as 25%. So the REMO project goal is to provide an enabling technology for tidal stream energy,

by reducing the projected life cycle maintenance costs of tidal stream energy by 50% and the

generator downtime to a level comparable with wind turbines i.e. to achieve availability times 96%.

This strategy will reduce present projected costs of tidal stream energy production down to levels

comparable with life cycle wind turbine electricity costs (0.058/kWh) thus ensuring the economic

viability of tidal generators. Energy providers will then be attracted to investing in tidal stream

energy, so that its full economic potential and environmental advantages are realised. The REMO

system will remotely and permanently monitor the entire frequency spectrum of structural

vibrations generated by all the rotating components of a tidal stream turbine, by combining a suite

of accelerometer and acoustic emission sensors for the low and high frequency regime respectively.

The system will determine the vibration signature of a healthy turbine and the evolution of that

signature during the turbine life cycle. It will then discover any significant change in that signature

that could be a symptom a structural health problem at any point in the life cycle, including the build

up of marine fouling, and then issue an automatic warning. State of the art similarity analysis

algorithms based on the Euclidian distance measure in multiple dimensions will be used in both the

time and frequency domain for optimally cost effective processing of all vibration data involved in

the state of health diagnosis. The system will be validated by installing it on an in-service tidal

stream generator developed by one of the SMEs who will also be an end user of the proposed REMO

technology.

RINGMAN

There is a tendency to higher power offshore wind turbines, leading to larger turbine towers (5m

diameter and greater) and a requirement for large diameter connection flanges between the tower

sections and between the tower and foundation transition pieces. Currently, forged rings are

specified, with inherently high cost and few suppliers worldwide. This leads to long lead times and

higher costs for these strategic parts. RingMan will develop an alternative manufacturing route

(using lower-cost cold rolled plate) which will enable the fabrication of large diameter wind tower

flanges to be undertaken by our SME consortium members. The project will enable the partners to

commission: Development of high quality, low distortion, thick section electron beam welding

fabrication and machining to produce flanges from readily available cold rolled steel plate material.

Understanding of the flange property requirements and how these can be met by a fabricated flange

leading to design tools to enable wind turbine tower designers to specify these products. Procedures

for inspection that will aim to ensure that the parts manufactured meet or exceed the required

performance properties.

SEA2GRID

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"Sea2grid" project is developed in the field of Renewable Energy and it is targeted towards the

exploitation of sea waves for the production of electricity to be injected into the power grid. To

allow the grid connection of Wave Energy Converters it is necessary that the delivered power is

conveniently smoothed and satisfies strict Grid Codes requirements. This is a critical point for very

intermittent sources as sea waves. The lack of established storage solutions to mitigate this problem

is, at present, one of the main bottlenecks restraining Wave Energy from grid integration and

consequent commercial exploitability. The core of this project is in the systematic investigation of

storage alternatives for both single Wave Energy Converters and Wave Parks (Arrays). The state of

the art of storage technologies will be considered and analytical models and simulative schemes of

the whole 'sea to grid' process will be developed. The evaluation of the best options for the grid

connection of Wave Energy Converters in terms of required storage elements and/or additional

compensation provisions will be the main objective of the project.

SHIPARRESTOR

The European Union is the largest maritime power in the world with 40% of its fleet. Almost 90% of

its external and over 40% of its internal trade is transported by sea. The natural wealth of the ocean

has an intrinsic value for the biodiversity of Europe as well as for the support of key functions for

adjacent regions and populations. Oil spills have a catastrophic impact on the marine environment

and incurs enormous costs and suffering in the aftermath. A large part of the oil spillage comes from

drifting ships running aground or breaking up. The project idea is to develop a novel and salvage tool

by innovatively combining a light-weight sea anchor and connector. The system will be deployed by

helicopter onto a ship in distress, thus reducing drift velocity and through that the chance of

grounding or other potential disasters by providing extra time for Emergency Towing Vessels (ETVs).

Further functionality is added by including a towing connection to the sea anchor, thereby providing

arriving ETV with an easy-to-access pick-up buoy, which relieves them of the hazardous task of

connecting to the ship in distress. A major issue in the project is lowering the weight of the system to

enable helicopter transport. This calls for studies in material science and will influence the

dimensioning of the anchor, which will be based on simulations of multi-body behaviour at sea

under the influence of wind and waves. At the ship and tanker traffic increases there is a reduction

in ETV preparedness, leading to a potentially unsafe situation. The Ship Arrestor will aid in restoring

and improving the oil spill prevention and salvage preparedness for ships up to 100,000 tonnes. In

addition to the obvious environmental benefits of introducing the Ship Arrestor, fisheries and tourist

enterprises, of which a vast proportion is SMEs, will not have their livelihood ruined from oil

pollution. The benefits for the project members are a valuable new tool in their production.

STANDPOINT

In contrast to other renewable energy sources, wave energy conversion is currently at a stage of

evolution where it is being demonstrated using a wide range of very diverse technologies and a de

facto standard approach is yet to emerge. A fully functional, but reduced scale prototype Wavebob

wave energy converter (WEC) has already been deployed in the Atlantic Ocean. STANDPOINT will

seek to demonstrate this WEC technology at full size for a further long term Atlantic Ocean

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deployment, 12 months of which will occur within the timeframe of the STANDPOINT project. Unlike

its smaller-scale scale predecessor, it is intended that this pre-commercial WEC will be grid-

connected. The intended location for the deployment is off the Portuguese coast. The indicative

dimensions of the WEC for a full-scale deployment in this part of the Atlantic are 14 m diameter, 40

m draft. The WEC will have a nominal output of 1.2MW from 4 power take-off (PTO) sets: three

using proven hydraulic technology and one using a newly developed and innovative linear generator

technology. There are 6 partners from 5 member states, including a Certification Body who will

develop and disseminate rules and guidelines for wave energy converters. Innovative SMEs

(including the co-ordinator) will demonstrate recently patented technology, in which they lead the

state-of-the-art. A large power generation company, and various sub-contractors will work together

to implement this ambitious full-scale demonstration. The aim is to establish the offshore tuneable-

resonance point absorber as the winning wave energy conversion technique by demonstrating the

superiority of its power take-off technology, adaptability to changing sea conditions, reliability and

survivability.

SUPRAPOWER

SUPRAPOWER is a research project focused on a major innovation in offshore wind turbine

technology by developing a new compact superconductor-based generator. The project aims to

provide an important breakthrough in offshore wind industrial solutions by designing an innovative,

lightweight, robust and reliable 10 MW class offshore wind turbine based on a superconducting (SC)

generator, taking into account all the essential aspects of electric conversion, integration and

manufacturability. Today geared as well as direct-drive permanent magnet generators are difficult to

scale up further. Their huge size and weight drives up the cost of both fixed and floating foundations

as well as O&M cost. New solutions to provide better power scalability, weight reduction and

reliability are needed. Superconductivity may be the only technology able to combine such features

and allow scaling to 10 MW and beyond by radical reduction of the head mass. SUPRAPOWER will

pursue the following general objectives: To reduce turbine head mass, size and cost of offshore wind

turbines by means of a compact superconducting generator. To reduce O&M and transportation

costs and increase life cycle using an innovative direct drive system. To increase the reliability and

efficiency of high power wind turbines by means of drive-train specific integration in the nacelle.

Starting from an already patent-applied concept, the coordinator has assembled a top-class

European consortium from 7 countries. Industrial partners are a wind turbine manufacturer, an

energy company, an SME superconducting wire developer, a cryogenic systems supplier, and an

offshore engineering company. In addition to the coordinator, research partners are a large

laboratory with deep experience in superconductivity, a university and a national institute. The main

outcome of the project will be a proof of concept for a key European technology to scale wind

turbines up to power levels of 10MW and beyond.

SURGE

AW Energy Oy/s WaveRoller is the original concept to tame the surge in the near shore areas.

Although the major wave energy potential is clearly offshore in larger depths, apparently there still

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exist major drawbacks for the commercial-scale deployment of offshore devices, due to the

necessity to rely on offshore maritime technologies, which on one hand are rather expensive and on

the other hand are yet to prove their suitability for wave energy applications. For this reason, it shall

be worth-while to assess the value of on- and near-shore devices in particular in the present

development phase: it is possible to use lower-cost modular technology and the devices are also

much easier to maintain due to the proximity to the shoreline. WaveRoller is a unique, proven and

patented product design for near-shore bottom wave (surge) energy conversion, and it was the first

solution of its type (invented 1993 by Finnish professional diver). The detailed engineering,

construction, deployment and monitoring of the simple and robust near-shore wave energy concept

WaveRoller north of the Portuguese coastal town Peniche is an important step towards the large-

scale reality of submerged near-shore wave energy utilisation. In addition to of the robust

component and structural design, easy manufacturability and assembly, extensive technical and

environmental monitoring activities will assure the appropriate assessment of the demonstration

plant.

SYSWIND

Growth in the European wind energy market has led to the manufacture of larger turbines (~ 7.5

MW). There are several challenges associated with these turbines, particularly offshore, e.g.,

vibrations/ damage of the flexible blades, mechanical drives/electric converters. These raise

maintenance concerns and result in operational downtime, impacting on power systems and supply

reliability. For these reasons there have been huge R&D investments creating the requirement for

highly trained manpower in Europe. The SYSWIND network will train future engineers and scientists

in truly multi-disciplinary and newly emerging scientific areas and technologies for next generation

wind turbines. There are six research themes: new structural health monitoring (SHM), wireless

sensor network (WSN), multi-body systems (including aerodynamics and geotechnics), semi-active

vibration control, composite materials and power system modelling. In addition, complementary

non-scientific training such as on commercialisation and IPRs will be provided to enhance the career

prospects of the researchers. Besides seven leading Universities from Europe, the network includes:

2 SMEs specialised in R&D for wind turbines and geotechnic as full partners; 4 companies training 7

researchers on WSN, vibration control and wind energy trading; additional partners transferring

complementary skills geared towards wind energy specialists; world class research groups such as

from Stanford in the US, pioneers in the research fields addressed. The strong involvement of the

industry will shape the training needs of the researchers and increase their employability. The

association with the leading experts will aid the career development of the researchers and raise

their profile. The network has the potential to establish new mutually-recognized inter-institutional

courses jointly with industry partners, and thus strengthen the growth and competiveness of the

wind energy sector.

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TIDALSENSE DEMO

The TidalSense Demo project has been conceived by the SMEs intending to exploit a new market

with huge potential growth, in Condition Monitoring of subsea energy device elements using the

TidalSense System. The TidalSense condition monitoring system has been developed to detect,

locate and classify defects in tidal generator structures. The Demo project will allow the SMEs to

demonstrate and validate their system so that they can gain a lead in this emerging market,

providing condition monitoring services and components to tidal energy operators. The SMEs will

draw on their in-house research capabilities and those of participating research organisations, who

will supply support to the SMEs. The TidalSense Demo project is aiming to: Apply novel LRU (Long

Range Ultrasonic) and AE (Acoustic Emission) sensors to inspect tidal stream generators, allowing

100% volume coverage. Apply novel and flexible piezocomposite transducers to LRU/AE allowing

perfect adaptation of shape to structures of complex contour, and thus perfect acoustic coupling

into such structures. Use guided wave in new applications. Develop instrumentation and software

for LRUT and AE monitoring of tidal generators. Develop signal processing techniques for signal

enhancement including novel time reversal focussing. Develop an automated defect detection and

classification system (ADDS) including trend analysis which combines AE and LRU in an integrated

way. Implement general wireless communication methods so that the data can be collected and

transmitted both from generators directly to the office, without human intervention.

TROPOS

The key objective of the TROPOS project is the development of a floating modular multi-use

platform system for use in deep waters, with an initial geographic focus on the Mediterranean,

Tropical and Sub-Tropical regions but designed to be flexible enough not to be limited in geographic

scope. The TROPOS approach is centred on the modular development where different types of

modules can be combined as appropriate in each area. In this way, the TROPOS multi-use platform

system is able to integrate a range of functions from the transport, energy, aqua culture and leisure

sectors, in a greater number of geographical areas than if it was a set platform design. This

subsequently provides greater opportunities for profitability. The TROPOS design will focus on a

floating multi-purpose structure able to operate in, and exploit, deep waters, where fixed structures

such as those piled in the seabed are not feasible. The multi-use platforms developed from the

concept designs will have the potential to provide European coastal regions with appropriate

aquaculture systems, innovative transport services as well as leisure and offshore energy solutions.

The main S/T objectives of the project are: To determine, based on numerical and physical models,

the optimal locations for multi-use offshore platforms in Mediterranean, sub-tropical and tropical

latitudes; To research the relations between oceanic activities, including wind energy, aquaculture,

transport solutions for shipping, and other additional services; To develop novel, cost-efficient and

modular multi-use platform designs, that enable optimal coupling of the various services and

activities; To study the logistical requirements of the novel multi-use platform; To assess the

economic feasibility and viability of the platform; To develop a comprehensive environmental impact

methodology and assessment; To configure at least three complete solutions, for the

Mediterranean, Sub-tropical and tropical areas.

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TWENTIES

A group of 6 Transmission System Operators (Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany The Netherlands

and Spain) with 2 generator companies, 5 manufacturers and research organisations, propose 6

demonstration projects to remove, in 3 years, several barriers which prevent the electric system

from welcoming more wind electricity, and wind electricity from contributing more to the electric

system. The full scale demonstrations aim at proving the benefits of novel technologies (most of

them available from manufacturers) coupled with innovative system management approaches. The

contribution of wind energy to the system will show how aggregated wind farms can provide system

services (voltage and frequency control) in Spain. The aggregation of wind farms with flexible

generation and loads will be demonstrated in Denmark using a scalable IT platform developed by a

generator. Increasing the flexibility of transmission networks will be tested in Belgium (existing

sensors and coordinated power flow control devices avoiding possible large scale instabilities

induced by wind farms in the CWE region) and in Spain (dynamic wind power evacuation capacity

using real-time computations based on short-term generation forecasts and use of a mobile

Overload Line Controller). Off-shore wind farms are addressed from a security viewpoint. Secure

HVDC meshed networks will be validated in France using simulations and full scale experiments of

two different HVDC circuit breaker technologies. Off-shore wind farm shut downs under stormy

conditions will be demonstrated in Denmark using the world largest off-shore wind farm with

balancing power provided by the Norwegian hydro capacities through a HVDC link. The experimental

results will be integrated into European impact analyses to show the scalability of the solutions:

routes for replication will be provided with benefits for the pan European transmission network and

the European electricity market as soon as 2014, in line with the SET plan objectives.

WALID

WALiD will combine design, material and process developments using thermoplastic materials to

create cost-efficient, lightweight and recyclable blades which will be demonstrated by industrial end-

users. The power generated by off-shore wind turbines is proportional to the rotor plane area of the

blade. However, the weight of large blades puts the materials used under considerable strain,

leading to shorter operational life. Off-shore wind turbines operate under harsh conditions e.g.

extreme temperatures, humidity & salt conditions. Despite these critical technical requirements for

strength and stability, the materials must be cost-efficient and recyclable. The key innovation in

WALiD is the introduction of thermoplastic composite materials and processing into wind blade

applications. These materials can replace thermo set-based materials in the root, tip and shear web,

leading to the following advantages: 1. Improved design of blade root, connection concept and tip:

strain analysis on the blade will enable high-performance thermoplastic composites to replace

thermosetting components, saving costs and weight. 2. Replacement of the shell core with

thermoplastic foam materials: the density of the core material can be modified to the specific load,

optimizing the weight/stability profile. Further cost and weight savings will result from processing

(elimination of cutting process, no infiltration of resin into empty spaces). 3. Improved modular

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concept of shear web design: replacement of thermo sets by thermoplastic composite structures to

ensure lightweight, load-optimized design. 4. Development of fibre-reinforced thermoplastic

coating, improving environmental resistance, anti-icing properties and durability against abrasion

combined with a new predictive simulation model. Strong industrial participation (74% of the project

budget) with an accompanying unfunded Industrial Exploitation Board will ensure the commercial

relevance and exploitation of these developments.

WAVEPORT

In the Atlantic arc from Iceland to Portugal, Europe has some of the best natural wave resources in

the world; with the total potential European ocean wave power estimated to be in the range 150 -

240 TWh per annum. The main barrier to wave energy expansion is the lack of a large, commercial-

scale demonstration of the technology. In addition, the efficiency of devices is limited and needs to

be improved. The WAVEPORT project aims to address this shortfall by demonstrating a large scale

grid connected, 600kW peak generator rated, point absorber Wave Energy Converter - for which a

smaller scale prototype has already been tested. WAVEPORT will also expedite the development of

alternative devices by installing a ten port open platform 1.5MW rated underwater substation pod

for the validation of future wave energy converters. To address the need for improved efficiency; a

novel Real-Time Wave-by-Wave tuning system will be developed and demonstrated. Our aims are:-

Reduce the capital infrastructure cost of the WEC device to less than 2000/kW by 2020; Accelerate

the development of a wave farm site within the Santoña site in Spain, to 90 MW by 2020 generating

over 500 GWh per annum, offsetting approx 215,000 tonnes of CO2 per annum; Accelerate the

development of European wave farms to 0.97 GW by 2020 generating over 6 TWh offsetting approx.

2.6 mT of CO2 per annum; Facilitating an open platform approach for utilities and WEC developers

through the use of the Underwater Sub-Station Pod, further reducing the risks associated with

investment in this technology; Reduce the cost of Wave energy generated electricity to 4.3 c /kWh

by 2020; Improvement on the energy efficiency of wave energy devices by at least 35 % (loading

factor to at least 75%) by utilising the Real-Time Wave-by-Wave tuning system; Create 7600 jobs in

the renewable energy sector over the period to 2020 by developing a European based wave energy

industry worth 1.9 billion in cumulative sales.

WAVETRAIN 2

The proposed action builds strongly up on the logics of its predecessor with the same name. The

overall objective is to create a pool of specialised wave energy research professionals to support an

emerging industry in a field with a very strong anticipated growth and no dedicated existing training

curriculum. Although most jobs can be done being a trained engineer in one of the adjacent fields,

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the existence of interdisciplinary skilled researchers trained in direct connection to the technology

development is vital for successful development. In the predecessor, almost all fellows where

immediately absorbed by industrial players in the field or continued research in the host institution.

The work plan for WAVETRAIN 2 fellows is specifically directed towards a wide range of challenges

that industrial-scale wave energy implementation faces in the present situation, with some bias

towards technical issues, from hydrodynamic and PTO (Power-Take-Off) design, to instrumentation

issues and energy storage and cost reduction show to be critical for successful deployment.

WINTUR DEMO

WINTUR Demonstration Project will demonstrate the structural health monitoring (SHM) system

that was developed successfully in the WinTur R4S project, in order to show that such a system is

viable for blade monitoring and can help the wind sector to achieve the kind of energy delivery to

business and communities that is desired by reducing operational and maintenance costs. This will

be achieved by increasing efficiency by way realising the full life-cycle term of blade components and

providing maintenance as and when it is required. There will be many overall technical objectives

that will be achieved by the end of the demo project: 1.Installation of novel light weight and flexible

transducers on the blade able to detect the onset of damage that was the occurrence of fibre

breakage due to staged development of a hole-defect. 2. Combination of different NDT techniques

based on the guide wave ultra sonic such as Long Range Ultrasonic LRU and acoustic emission. 3. A

sequence of signal processing techniques (FFTs, averaging, amplification) to overcome problems of

ultrasound attenuation. 4. Utilisation of Energy Harvesting as a system to harness the surrounding

environmental energy for the purposes of powering the sensors. 5. Use of short-range wireless

protocol techniques to transfer data from the pulser/receiver unit to the central control in the

nacelle.

C. ANALYSIS OF THE PARTICIPATION IN THE FP7 PROJECTS ON MRE

PRESENTATION OF THE PARTICIPATION ANALYSIS

PARTICIPATION AND PARTICIPANT

In this part of the study, we use the difference between “participation” and “participant”.

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• Several organizations work in a FP7 project. Each organization is a participant in the project,

but we can also count the times that one organization works in different FP7 projects.

• If each organization is a “participant”, the times the organization appears in different

projects is the number of its “participations”.

“Participants” are the organizations and “participations” are the number of appearances of the

organizations in the FP7 projects.

• For instances, one organizations participate in three projects. Then, we have one participant

and three participations.

MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

Total number of FP7 projects: 69 projects.

• Number of APC projects: 43 projects.

Total number of participants: 532 organizations.

• Number of APC participants: 68 organizations.

Total number of participations: 796 participations.

• Number of APC participations: 108 participations.

EXPOSITION

-First we expose the participations of organizations in “marine renewable energies” FP7 projects

(796 participations).

1. Participations from a geographical viewpoint.

2. Participations in an organizational perspective.

3. Participations in financial terms (total cost and EU contribution).

-Then we present the participants from APC regions in these “marine renewable energies” FP7

projects (68 participants).

4. Participants from APC regions.

1. PARTICIPATIONS IN FP7 PROJECTS FROM A GEOGRAPHICAL VIEWPOINT

Geographical Classification

1. APC regions: Participant regions in APC project.

2. Atlantic Non APC: Atlantic Area regions without participation in APC project.

3. Some Non Atlantic: Non Atlantic Area regions in EU countries with some Atlantic Area

regions.

4. All Non Atlantic: Non Atlantic Area regions in EU countries without any Atlantic Area regions.

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5. European Non UE: European non EU countries.

6. Rest of the World.

Participations by Area

• Union European countries with all o some regions outside the Atlantic Space (All Non

Atlantic and Some Non Atlantic) have a high percentage of participations in FP7 projects

(65,7%).

• APC regions have 13, 6% of the participations.

Participations by Country

• UNITED KINGDOM and ESPAÑA are the countries with more participations in “Marine

Renewable Energies” FP7 projects. A third of the participations correspond to these

countries.

• Then DEUTSCHLAND, DANMARK, ITALY and NEDERLAND have also significant percentages of

participations.

Participations in "Energy Marine" FP7 Projects, by geographical area(Total= 796 participations)


APC

Atlantic Non APCSome Non Atlantic

All Non Atlantic

European Non EU

Rest of World

13,6%

8,2%20,0%

45,7%

8,3%

4,3%

51

Participations by APC Region

• In the APC regions, it is important the presence of Southern-Eastern (IE).

• Madrid (ES) and País Vasco (ES) are also relevant, the same as South Western Scotland (UK)

and Lisbon (PT).

Participations in "Energy Marine" FP7 Projects, by country(Total= 796 participations)


UNITED KINGDOM

ESPAÑA

DEUTSCHLAND

DANMARK

ITALIA

NEDERLAND

FRANCE

PORTUGAL

NORGE

BELGIQUE-BELGIË

HELLAS

ÉIRE/IRELAND

SVERIGE

TURKEY

Other 33 countries

0 5 10 15 20

17,6

11,1

9,9

6,9

6,4

6,3

5,3

5,3

4,9

4,6

3,3

2,5

1,9

1,5

12,6

%

52

2. PARTICIPATIONS IN AN ORGANIZATIONAL PERSPECTIVE

Organizational Classification




Participations in Organizations

• Firms have half of the participations in FP7 projects.

• Universities have something more than one quarter.

• Research Organizations are near one quarter.

APC participations in "Energy Marine" FP7 Projects, by region(Total= 108 participations)

Fuente: CORDIS. Elaboration by Novatriz for FUAC in APC.South Western Scotland (UK)Border, Midland and Western (IE)

Southern-Eastern(IE)

Madrid (ES)

País Vasco (ES)

South Western Scotla

Lisboa (PT)

Pays de la Loire(FR)

Cantabria (ES)

Centro (PT)

Devon UK)

Asturias (ES)

Bretagne (FR)

Border, Midland and

Galicia (ES)

0 5 10 15 20

16,7

13,9

13,9

12

11,1

6,5

5,6

5,6

4,6

3,7

2,8

1,9

1,9

%

53

Organizations by Area

• Firms are the predominant type of organization in the geographical areas, except for Rest of

the World (Research Organizations).

• In APC Area, Firms and Universities are very close.

Participations in "Energy Marine" FP7 Projects, by type of organization(Total= 796 participantions)


FIRM

RESO

UNIV

49,9%

22,7%

27,4%

54

Participations in "Energy Marine" FP7 Projects, geo graphical/organization (1/3)(% respect total participations of each geographica l area)


39,8%

22,2%

38,0%

APC

49,2%

30,8%

20,0%

Atlantic Non APC

FIRM RESO UNIV



63,6%

11,9%

24,5%

Some Non Atlantic

48,1%

23,9%

28,0%

All Non Atlantic

FIRM RESO UNIV

55

Organizations by Country

• Firm is the main type of organization in countries, with high percentages for UNITED

KINGDOM, ESPAÑA and FRANCE.

• Universities are prominent in DANMARK and ÉIRE/IRELAND.

• Research Organizations dominate in HELLAS and PORTUGAL.



53,0%

27,3%

19,7%

European Non EU

32,4%

38,2%

29,4%

Rest of World

FIRM RESO UNIV

56

Participations in "Energy Marine" FP7 Projects, cou ntry/organization (1/3)(% respect total participations of each country)


55,7%

7,9%

36,4%

UNITED KINGDOM

57,9%

23,9%

18,2%

ESPAÑA46,8%

30,4% 22,8%

DEUTSCHLAND

47,3%

3,6%

49,1%

DANMARK

FIRM RESO UNIV



49,0%

11,8%

39,2%

ITALIA

50,0%

36,0%

14,0%

NEDERLAND

69,1%

19,0%

11,9%

FRANCE

33,3%

47,6%19,0%

PORTUGAL

FIRM RESO UNIV

57

Organizations by APC Region

• Firms have the highest percentages of participations in seven APC regions: Asturias (ES),

Border, Midland and Western (IE), Bretagne (FR), Cantabria (ES), Centro (PT), Lisbon (PT) and

Madrid (ES).

• Universities are predominant in four APC regions: Devon (UK), Pays de la Loire (FR), South

Western Scotland (UK) and Southern-Eastern (IE).

• País Vasco (ES) and Galicia (ES) have high percentages in Research Organizations.



59,0%

28,2%

12,8%

NORGE

56,8%

27,0%

16,2%

BELGIQUE-BELGIË

30,8%

38,5%

30,8%

HELLAS

20,0%

15,0%

65,0%

ÉIRE/IRELAND

FIRM RESO UNIV

58

APC participations in "Energy Marine" FP7 Projects, region/organization (1/4)(% respect total participations of each country)


50,0%

50,0%

Asturias (ES)

50,0%

50,0%

Border, Midland and Western (IE)

100,0%

Bretagne (FR)

66,7%

33,3%

Cantabria (ES)

FIRM RESO UNIV



83,3%

16,7%

Centro (PT)

100,0%

Devon UK)50,0%

50,0%

Galicia (ES)

FIRM RESO UNIV

59

3. PARTICIPATIONS IN FINANCIAL TERMS (TOTAL COST AND EU CONTRIBUTION)



33,3%

33,3%

33,3%

Lisboa (PT)

46,7%

33,3%20,0%

Madrid (ES)

33,3%

66,7%

País Vasco (ES)

FIRM RESO UNIV



42,9%

57,1%

Pays de la Loire (FR)

38,5%

61,5%

South Western Scotland (UK)

16,7%

16,7%

66,6%


FIRM RESO UNIV

60

Financial Considerations

• The total cost and EU contribution of each FP7 project are distributed between the

participations into equal parts.

• Then we consider the organizational and geographical distribution of these financial aspects.

Total Cost

• The total cost of the 796 participations in FP7 projects is 436.050.424 euros.

• The mean total cost per participation is 548.802 euros.


3587588Maximun (euros per participation)

64210Minimun (euros per participation)

447230Interquartile Range

371454Median (euros per participation)

573737Standard Deviation

547802Mean (euros per participation)

436050424Total (euros)

796Number of participations

Total cost

Total cost in "Energy Marine" FP7 Participations

61

EU Contribution

• The EU contribution of the 796 participations in FP7 projects is 286.182.222 euros.

• The mean EU contribution per participation is 359.525 euros.

Total cost of participations in "Energy Marine" FP7 Projects (Total= 796 participations)

Fuente: CORDIS. Elaboration by Novatriz for FUAC in APC.mEur= 1000 euros

Less than 100 mEur

101 to 200 mEur

201 to 300 mEur

301 to 400 mEur

401 to 500 mEur

501 to 600 mEur

601 to 700 mEur

701 to 800 mEur

801 to 900 mEur

901 to 1000 mEur

More than 1001 mEur

0 5 10 15 20

7

14,1

18,2

19,5

7,2

8,2

2,5

8,4

0,8

1,1

13,1

%

62

Finance in Organizations


1910502Maximun (euros per participation)

57108Minimun (euros per participation)

270525Interquartile Range

266231Median (euros per participation)

309328Standard Deviation

359525Mean (euros per participation)

286182222Total (euros)

796Number of participations

EU contribution

EU contribution in "Energy Marine" FP7 Participation s

EU contribution to participations in "Energy Marine " FP7 Projects (Total= 796 participations)

Fuente: CORDIS. Elaboration by Novatriz for FUAC in APC.mEur= 1000 euros

Less than 100 mEur

101 to 200 mEur

201 to 300 mEur

301 to 400 mEur

401 to 500 mEur

501 to 600 mEur

601 to 700 mEur

701 to 800 mEur

801 to 900 mEur

901 to 1000 mEur

More than 1001 mEur

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

8,5

24,2

24,5

13,8

9,4

8,8

0

2,9

0,8

0

7

%

63

• More than 50% of the total cost and EU contribution corresponds to Firms.

• Universities have 25% and Research Organizations less than 20%.

Finance Geographically

• The main part of the total cost and EU contribution is assigned to “All Non Atlantic” and

“Some Non Atlantic” areas.

• APC regions obtain the 14% of the total cost and EU contribution.

Financing of participations in "Energy Marine" FP7 Projects, (organizational)(Total cost= 436.050.424 euros)

(EU contribution= 286.182.222 euros)


57,8%

18,9%

23,3%

Total cost

55,3%

19,5%25,2%

EU contribution

FIRM RESO UNIV

64

Finance in Countries

• SPAIN and UNITED KINGDOM are the main countries in financial terms.

• Also DEUTSCHLAND has a significant percentage of the total cost and EU contribution.

• 11 countries have more than 80% of the total cost and EU contribution.

Financing of participations in "Energy Marine" FP7 Projects, (geographical)(Total cost= 436.050.424 euros)



14,4%

10,3%19,7%

45,4%

7,4%

2,8%

Total cost

14,2%

10,1%19,5%

45,8%

7,3%

3,1%

EU contribution

APC Atlantic Non APC Some Non Atlantic

All Non Atlantic European Non EU Rest of World

65

Finance in APC Regions

• Two Regions of SPAIN (Madrid and País Vasco) reach the highest levels of total cost and EU

contribution of the FP7 projects.

• Border, Midland and Western (IE) and Galicia (ES) have the lowest finance percentages.

Financing of participations in "Energy Marine" FP7 Projects, (countries)(Total cost= 436.050.424 euros)



ESPAÑA

UNITED KINGDOM

DEUTSCHLAND

BELGIQUE-BELGIË

NEDERLAND

FRANCE

DANMARK

PORTUGAL

NORGE

ITALIA

ÉIRE/IRELAND

Other 36 countries

0 5 10 15 20

15,3

15

12,2

7

7

7

6,9

5,1

4,9

4,6

2,1

12,8

14,5

15,2

11,9

6,4

7,2

6,7

7,2

5,2

4,7

5,1

2,2

13,7

%

Total cost

EU contribution

66

4. PARTICIPANTS FROM APC REGIONS IN “MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES” FP7 PROJECTS

APC Participants

• Here we mention, not the participations, but the participants from APC regions. They are the

organizations that have one or more participations in FP7 projects.

• Firms are the type of organizations with higher percentage of participants. Universities and

Research Organizations are very close.

Financing of APC participations in "Energy Marine" FP7 Projects, (APC regions)(Total cost= 436.050.424 euros)


Fuente: CORDIS. Elaboration by Novatriz for FUAC in APC.Border, Midland and Western (IE)South Western Scotland (UK)

Madrid (ES)

País Vasco (ES)



Lisboa (PT)

Pays de la Loire (FR

Cantabria (ES)

Centro (PT)

Devon UK)

Asturias (ES)

Bretagne (FR)

Border, Midland and

Galicia (ES)

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5

3,21

2,29

1,95

1,53

1,43

0,92

0,86

0,81

0,64

0,42

0,19

0,1

0,1

2,91

2,22

2,12

1,49

1,41

1,05

0,81

0,72

0,65

0,41

0,2

0,11

0,11

%

Total cost

EU contribution

67

APC Participants Geographically

• SPAIN has the highest percentage of participants. PORTUGAL is in the second place; then

ÉIRE/IRELAND and with lower percentages FRANCE and UNITED KINGDOM.

• Madrid (ES) is the principal region in participants and also Southern-Eastern (IE) and Lisbon

(PT) have significant percentages.

APC participants in "Energy Marine" FP7 Projects, b y type of organization(Total= 68 APC participants)


FIRM

RESO

UNIV

55,9%

20,6%

23,5%

68

APC Participants and Participations

APC participants in "Energy Marine" FP7 Projects, b y country(Total= 68 APC participants)


ESPAÑA

PORTUGAL

ÉIRE/IRELANDUNITED KINGDOM

FRANCE

41,2%

19,1%

17,6%11,8%

10,3%

APC participants in "Energy Marine" FP7 Projects, b y region(Total= 68 APC participants)

Fuente: CORDIS. Elaboration by Novatriz for FUAC in APC.South Western Scotland (UK)Border, Midland and Western (IE)

Madrid (ES)


Lisboa (PT)


Centro (PT)

País Vasco (ES)

Cantabria (ES)

Pays de la Loire (FR

Bretagne (FR)

Asturias (ES)

Border, Midland and

Devon UK)

Galicia (ES)

0 5 10 15 20 25

20,6

14,7

11,8

8,8

7,4

7,4

5,9

5,9

4,4

4,4

2,9

2,9

2,9

%

69

• Finally we present the APC organizations that participate in FP7 project, with the number of

their participations.

• FUNDACION TECNALIA RESEARCH & INNOVATION (9) and UNIVERSITY COLLEGE CORK,

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND, CORK (7) are the principal participant organizations.

Organizationn Address Town Country Participations

CORK INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROSSA AVENUE, BISHOPSTOWN CORK ÉIRE/IRELAND 1

MARINE COMPUTATION SERVICES LTD. GALWAY TECHNOLOGY PARK PARKMORE,GALWAY ÉIRE/IRELAND 1

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND, GALWAY

University Road GALWAY ÉIRE/IRELAND 1

OCEAN ENERGY LIMITED Casement Square 3 - COBH CORK ÉIRE/IRELAND 1

SOUTH-WEST REGIONAL AUTHORITY INNISHMORE BALLINCOLLIG ÉIRE/IRELAND 1

THE CORK CHAMBER OF COMMERCE SUMMERHILL NORTH FITZGERALD HOUSE

CORK ÉIRE/IRELAND 1

THE PROVOST FELLOWS & SCHOLARS OF THE COLLEGE OF THE HOLY AND UNDIVIDED TRINITY OF QUEEN ELIZABETH NEAR DUBLIN

College Green - DUBLIN ÉIRE/IRELAND 1

THE SUSTAINABLE ENERGY AUTHORITY OF IRELAND

GLASNEVIN DUBLIN 9 ÉIRE/IRELAND 1

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE CORK, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND, CORK

Western Road CORK ÉIRE/IRELAND 7

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND, DUBLIN

Belfield Campus DUBLIN ÉIRE/IRELAND 1

UNIVERSITY OF LIMERICK National Technology Park LIMERICK ÉIRE/IRELAND 2

WAVEBOB LTD H3 Maynooth Business Campus MAYNOOTH ÉIRE/IRELAND 2

ADVANCE INTELLIGENT DEVELOPMENTS S.L.

RUA D PARALELA 3 POLIGONO PORRIÑO ESPAÑA 1

AGENCIA ESTATAL CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS

CALLE SERRANO 117 MADRID ESPAÑA 2

AQUALIA GESTION INTERGRAL DEL AGUA SA

FEDERICO SALMON MADRID ESPAÑA 1

ASEA BROWN BOVERI SA Calle Cronos MADRID ESPAÑA 1

ASOCIACION NGVA EUROPE AVENIDA DE ARAGON MADRID ESPAÑA 1

70


CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES ENERGETICAS, MEDIOAMBIENTALES Y TECNOLOGICAS-CIEMAT

Avenida Complutense 22 MADRID ESPAÑA 1

DESARROLLO Y GESTION INDUSTRIAL Y DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE SA

Avda. Juan Carlos I MALIAÑO ESPAÑA 2

ENTE VASCO DE LA ENERGIA Alameda Urquijo Edificio Plaza Bizkaia 36, 1º

BILBAO ESPAÑA 1

FORJAS IRAETA HEAVY INDUSTRY SL MEAGAKO ERREPIDEA ZESTOA ESPAÑA 1

FUNDACION TECNALIA RESEARCH & INNOVATION

PASEO MIKELETEGI PARQUE TECNOLOGICO DE MIRAMON 2

DONOSTIA SAN SEBASTIAN

ESPAÑA 9

IBERDROLA SA CALLE CARDENAL GARDOQUI BILBAO ESPAÑA 2

INGENIERIA Y DISEÑO EUROPEO S.A. PARQUE CIENTÍFICO Y TECNOLÓGICO EDIFICIO IDES 2

GIJON ESPAÑA 1

INSTELER SL CALLE HERMANOS CALDERON 4 SANTANDER CANTABRIA

ESPAÑA 1

INSTITUTO ENERGETICO DE GALICIA -INEGA - INSTITUTO ENERXETICO DE GALICIA

RUA AVELINO POUSA ANTELO 5 SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA

ESPAÑA 1

INSTITUTO ESPANOL DE OCEANOGRAFIA

CORAZON DE MARIA 8 MADRID ESPAÑA 1

NAVANTIA S.A. CALLE VELAZQUEZ MADRID ESPAÑA 1

NUEVAS ENERGÍAS DE OCCIDENTE, S.L. SERRANO GALVACHE CENTRO EMPRESARIAL

MADRID ESPAÑA 1

RED ELECTRICA DE ESPANA S.A.U. PASEO DEL CONDE DE LOS GAITANES

ALCOBENDAS -MADRID

ESPAÑA 1

SETA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE TRATAMIENTO DE AGUA SL

CALLE LA BUJIA - POLIGONO INDUSTRIAL SANTA ANA 4

RIVAS VACIAMADRID ( MADRID )

ESPAÑA 1

TECNITEST INGENIEROS SL Calle Ciudad de Frias MADRID ESPAÑA 1

TREELOGIC TELEMATICA Y LOGICA RACIONAL PARA LA EMPRESA EUROPEA SL

PARQUE TECNOLOGICO DE ASTURIAS

LLANERA ASTURIAS ESPAÑA 1

UNIVERSIDAD CARLOS III DE MADRID CALLE MADRID 126 GETAFE (MADRID) ESPAÑA 1

71


UNIVERSIDAD DE CANTABRIA AVENIDA DE LOS CASTROS SANTANDER ESPAÑA 2

UNIVERSIDAD DE OVIEDO Calle San Francisco 3 OVIEDO ESPAÑA 2

UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE MADRID

AVENIDA RAMIRO DE MAEZTU 7 MADRID ESPAÑA 1

UNIVERSIDAD PONTIFICIA COMILLAS CALLE ALBERTO AGUILERA MADRID ESPAÑA 1

VICINAY CADENAS SOCIEDAD ANONIMA

PARTICULAR DE SAGARDUY 5 BILBAO ESPAÑA 2

WEDGE GLOBAL S.L Hernán Cortes SANTANDER ESPAÑA 1

ACTIMAR SAS Quai de la Douane, 24 BREST FRANCE 1

ALGOSOURCE TECHNOLOGIES Bd de l'Universite SAINT-NAZAIRE FRANCE 1

BOOST TECHNOLOGIES rue Claude Chappe PLOUZANE FRANCE 1

ECOLE CENTRALE DE NANTES Rue De La Noe 1, 92101 NANTES FRANCE 4

ERCANE GIE ROUTE GABRIEL MACE 40, 315 SAINTE CLOTILDE FRANCE 1

LOIRETECH SAS ZAC DE LA VERDIERE MAUVES SUR LOIRE FRANCE 1

SA LE FLOCH DEPOLLUTION RUE EDUARD BRANLY - ZI DE KERIVIN

ST MARTIN DES CHAMPS

FRANCE 1

HIDROPOWER LTD Beloura Office Park SINTRA PORTUGAL 1

A. SILVA MATOS - ENERGIA, SA Zona Industrial dos Padrões SEVER DO VOUGA PORTUGAL 2

CAIXA BANCO DE INVESTIMENTO SA Rua Barata Salgueiro LISBOA PORTUGAL 1

EDP INOVACAO SA PRACA MARQUES DE POMBAL LISBOA PORTUGAL 1

72


ENEOLICA ENERGIAS E AMBIENTE SA Rua da Comissão da Iniciativa, nº 2 Torre Brasil - Sala 312

LEIRIA PORTUGAL 1

ESTALEIROS NAVAIS DE PENICHE, S.A. Molhe Leste PENICHE PORTUGAL 1

GENERG NOVOS DESENVOLVIMENTOS S.A.

Rua Laura Alves LISBOA PORTUGAL 1

INSTITUTO DE SOLDADURA E QUALIDADE

Av. Professor Doutor Cavaco Silva, Talaide, Taguspark, Apartado 012

PORTO SALVO (OEIRAS)

PORTUGAL 2

INSTITUTO HIDROGRAFICO R. das Trinas LISBOA PORTUGAL 1

INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ENGENHARIA, TECNOLOGIA E INOVAÇÃO, I. P.

Estrada do Paço do Lumiar LISBOA PORTUGAL 1

INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNICO Avenida Rovisco Pais 1 LISBOA PORTUGAL 4

KYMANER - TECNOLOGIAS ENERGETICAS LDA

Avenida da Liberdade 136 - 1° b MARINHA GRANDE PORTUGAL 1

MUNICIPIO DE PENICHE Largo do Municipio PENICHE PORTUGAL 1

INDUSTRIAL SYSTEMS AND CONTROL LIMITED

50 GEORGE STREET, G1 1QE GLASGOW UNITED KINGDOM

1

LAMBDA TEST LTD Station Road SHOTTS UNITED KINGDOM

1

NAUTRICITY LIMITED ST VINCENT PLACE 5 GLASGOW UNITED KINGDOM

1

SCOTTISH ENTERPRISE Atlantic Quay, 150 Broomielaw GLASGOW UNITED KINGDOM

1

SGURRENERGY LTD Bath Street GLASGOW UNITED KINGDOM

1

THE UNIVERSITY OF EXETER Northcote House, The Queen's Drive EXETER UNITED KINGDOM

4

UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH DRAKE CIRCUS PLYMOUTH UNITED KINGDOM

1

UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE 16 Richmond Street GLASGOW UNITED KINGDOM

8

73

D. ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP IN THE FP7 PROJECTS ON MRE

PRESENTATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP ANALYSIS

PRESENTATION

• We interpret each FP7 project as a relationship locus.

• All the organizations participating in one FP7 project are linked among them, by means of

several connections: conjoint work, common expectations, scientific and technological

interest, personal proximity and so on.

• Each FP7 project is an essay of international cluster where all organizations are linked on

other ones.

RELATIONSHIP MEASUREMENT

• Relationships are measured in each FP7 project, where we suppose that all the participating

organizations are connected.

• We calculate the combinations of the number of participating organizations in the project

taken two at a time without repetitions.

• We aggregate the relationships of all the projects and obtain the total number of

relationships.

RELATIONSHIP ASSIGNATION

• One relationship is the connection between two organizations.

• When both organizations are from the same country or geographical area, the relationship is

assigned to this country or geographical area as one relationship.

• If the organizations are from different countries or geographical areas, we assign 0,5

relationships to each one. For instance, relationships exclusively of APC are 823,5. This

represents a percentage of 13,6% for APC in the total amount of relationships (6.068

relationships).

• For one country or geographical area, we consider also the total relationships where the

country or the geographical area has presence. For instance, APC has presence in 1.495

relationships, because we consider the proper relationships of APC, i.e. APC-APC

relationships, and also the shared relationships with other geographical areas, as APC-ANA

and so on. Then we are interpreting the APC relationships in the sense of “presence of APC

in relationships”.

INTERPRETATION

74

• The projects with higher number of participating organizations produce a higher number of

relationships.

• We realize that perhaps the projects with less participant organizations create qualitatively

more intensive relationships.

• But we expect our method could be an easy way for interpreting proximately the elusive

concept of relationship.


Total number of FP7 projects: 69 projects.

• Number of APC projects: 43 projects.

Total number of relationships: 6.068 relationships.

• Number of relationships with presence of APC: 1.495 relationships.

• Number of relationships assigned exclusively to APC: 823, 5 relationships.

EXPOSITION

The order of the exposition is:

1. Relationships in an Organizational Perspective.

2. Relationships from a Geographical Viewpoint.

3. Relationships of Countries with APC Regions in “Marine Renewable Energies” FP7 Projects.

4. Examples of Relationships of Organizations in Countries with APC Regions.

1. RELATIONSHIPS IN AN ORGANIZATIONAL PERSPECTIVE


75




TWO TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS

There are two types of relationships between organizations:

a. Org-Internal: relationships between the same kind of organizations; for instance, firm and

firm.

b. Org-External: relationships between different kind of organizations; for instance, firm and

university.

Org-External relationships are more frequent than Org-Internal, without significant differences

between the International and the APC Context.

Types of organizational relationships in "Energy Ma rine" FP7 Projects(Total= 6.068 relationships)


Org-Internal

Org-External

41,3%

58,7%

76

ORGANIZATIONAL SPECIFICATION

International Context:

• Firm-Firm and Firm-University relationships are more frequent.

APC Context:

• University-Research Organization and Firm-University are more frequent.

Types of APC organizational relationships in "Energ y Marine" FP7 Projects(Total= 1.495 APC relationships)


Org-Internal

Org-External

42,5%

57,5%

77

Organizational relationships in "Energy Marine" FP7 Projects(Total= 6.068 relationships)


FIRM - FIRM

RESO - RESO

UNIV - UNIV

FIRM - RESO

FIRM - UNIV

UNIV - RESO

22,0%

9,1%

10,3%

18,8%

21,4%

18,5%

78

ORG-INTERNAL SPECIFICATION


• Firm-Firm is more frequent.

APC Context:

• Firm-Firm is also more frequent, but University-University is prominent.

APC organizational relationships in "Energy Marine" FP7 Projects(Total= 1.495 APC relationships)


FIRM - FIRM

RESO - RESO

UNIV - UNIV

FIRM - RESO

FIRM - UNIV

UNIV - RESO

18,5%

8,6%

15,5%

14,1%

21,6%

21,7%

79

Org-Internal Relationships in "Energy Marine" FP7 P rojects(Org-Internal= 2.505 relationships)


FIRM - FIRM

RESO - RESOUNIV - UNIV

53,1%

22,0%24,9%

80

ORG-EXTERNAL SPECIFICATION


• Firm-University is in the first position.

APC Context:

• University-Research Organization is the first, very close to Firm-University.

APC Org-Internal Relationships in "Energy Marine" F P7 Projects(Org-Internal= 636 APC relationships)


FIRM - FIRM

RESO - RESO

UNIV - UNIV

43,6%

20,1%

36,3%

81

2. RELATIONSHIPS FROM A GEOGRAPHICAL VIEWPOINT

Org-External Relationships in "Energy Marine" FP7 P rojects(Org-External= 3.563 relationships)


FIRM - RESO

FIRM - UNIV

UNIV - RESO

31,9%

36,5%

31,6%

APC Org-External Relationships in "Energy Marine" F P7 Projects(Org-External= 859 relationships)


FIRM - RESO

FIRM - UNIV

UNIV - RESO

24,6%

37,6%

37,8%

82


• APC: Participant regions in APC project (APC regions).

• ANAPC: Atlantic Area Regions without participation in APC project (Atlantic Non APC).

• SNA: Non Atlantic Area regions in EU countries with some Atlantic Area regions (Some Non

Atlantic).

• ANA: Non Atlantic Area regions in EU countries without any Atlantic Area regions (All Non

Atlantic).

• ENU: European non EU countries (European Non UE).

• RW: Rest of the World.

TWO TYPES OF GEOGRAPHICAL RELATIONSHIPS

There are two types of geographical relationships between organizations:

a. Geo-Internal: relationships between organizations from the same geographical area.

b. Geo-External: relationships between organizations from different geographical areas.

Geo-External relationships are more frequent than Geo-Internal relationships, but Geo-Internal

relationships are more frequent in the International than in the APC Context.

Types of geographical relationships in "Energy Mari ne" FP7 Projects(Total= 6.068 relationships)


Geo-Internal

Geo-External

32,0%

68,0%

83

GEOGRAPHICAL SPECIFICATION


• More frequent relationships in Atlantic Non APC-Atlantic Non APC and Some Non Atlantic-

Atlantic Non APC.

APC Context:

• More frequent relationships in APC-Atlantic Non APC and APC-Some Non Atlantic.

Types of APC geographical relationships in "Energy Marine" FP7 Projects(Total= 1.495 APC relationships)


Geo-Internal

Geo-External

10,2%

89,8%

84

GEO-INTERNAL SPECIFICATION


Geographical relationships in "Energy Marine" FP7 P rojects(Total= 6.068 relationships)


APC - APCANAPC - ANAPC

SNA - SNAANA - ANAENU - ENU

RW -RWAPC - ANAPC

APC - SNAAPC - ANAAPC - ENUAPC - RW

ANAPC - SNAANAPC - ANAANAPC - ENUANAPC - RW

SNA - ANASNA - ENUSNA - RW

ANA - ENUANA - RWENU - RW

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

2,50,8

3,422,8

1,80,6

34,8

11,12,4

0,93,1

7,31,1

0,515,1

31,5

94,2

1,1

%

APC Geographical Relationships in "Energy Marine" F P7 Projects(Total= 1.495 APC relationships)


APC - APC

APC - ANAPC

APC - SNA

APC - ANA

APC - ENU

APC - RW

0 10 20 30 40 50

10,2

12,1

19,6

45

9,6

3,5

%

85

• Atlantic Non APC-Atlantic Non APC is very prominent.

APC Context:

• Obviously, all the Geo-Internal relationships are APC-APC.

Geo-Internal Relationships in "Energy Marine" FP7 P rojects(Geo-Internal= 1.939 relationships)


APC - APC

ANAPC - ANAPC

SNA - SNA

ANA - ANA

ENU - ENU

RW -RW

7,8%

2,5%

10,7%

71,2%

5,8%

2,0%

86

GEO-EXTERNAL SPECIFICATION


• Some Non Atlantic-Atlantic Non APC is more frequent, but also is important APC-Atlantic

Non APC.

APC Context:

• APC-Atlantic Non APC is one half of the relationships in APC Context and also APC-Some Non

Atlantic is relevant.

APC Geo-Internal Relationships in "Energy Marine" F P7 Projects(Total= 152 APC relationships)


APC - APC 100,0%

87

4. RELATIONSHIPS OF COUNTRIES WITH APC REGIONS IN “MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES” FP7

PROJECTS

COUNTRY RELATIONSHIPS

Geo-External Relationships in "Energy Marine" FP7 P rojects(Geo-External= 4.129 relationships)


APC - ANAPC

APC - SNA

APC - ANAAPC - ENUAPC - RW

ANAPC - SNA

ANAPC - ANA

ANAPC - ENUANAPC - RW

SNA - ANA

SNA - ENU SNA - RW

ANA - ENU

ANA - RW

ENU - RW

4,4%

7,1%

16,3%3,5%1,3%

4,6%

10,7%

1,6%0,7%

22,3%

4,4% 2,3%

13,2%

6,1%

1,7%

APC Geo-External Relationships in "Energy Marine" F P7 Projects(Total= 1.343 APC relationships)


APC - ANAPC

APC - SNA

APC - ANAAPC - ENU

APC - RW

13,5%

21,8%

50,1%10,7%

3,9%

88

• We present the relationships of countries with APC regions. It is the APC Context, which is

divided between the countries which form the APC geographical area.

• The sum of relationships of ACP countries (ES, FR, IE, PT, UK), 1.942 relationships, is higher

than the total relationships of APC geographical area (1.495 relationships), because the

double accountancy of relationships between countries. For instance, 124 relationships ES-

UK are considered 124 relationships of SPAIN and also 124 of UNITED KINGDOM.

RELATIONSHIPS IN SPAIN

• SPAIN is mainly connected with organizations from UNITED KINGDOM, DEUTSCHLAND,

FRANCE and DANNMARK.

• The SPAIN-SPAIN relationships are very prominent.

RELATIONSHIPS IN ÉIRE/IRELAND

• ÉIRE/IRELAND is mainly connected with organizations from UNITED KINGDOM, PORTUGAL,

SPAIN, DANNMARK and ITALY.

• The ÉIRE/IRELAND- ÉIRE/IRELAND relationships are not so prominent.

APC-ESPAÑA: Country Relationships in "Energy Marine " FP7 Projects(Total= 734 relationships)


UNITED KINGDOM

ESPAÑA

DEUTSCHLAND

FRANCE

DANMARK

ITALIA

BELGIQUE-BELGIË

PORTUGAL

NEDERLAND

ÉIRE/IRELAND

HELLAS

SVERIGE

BULGARIA

ROMANIA

HRVATSKA

KYPROS/KIBRIS

MALTA

SLOVENIJA

CESKA REPUBLIKA

LATVIJA

OTHER COUNTRIES

0 5 10 15 20

16,89

9,67

8,72

7,63

7,36

7,08

6,4

4,09

3,95

3,41

2,86

1,5

1,23

0,95

0,54

0,54

0,41

0,27

0,14

0,14

16,23

%

ESPAÑA

89

RELATIONSHIPS IN FRANCE

• FRANCE is mainly connected with organizations from SPAIN, UNITED KINGDOM,

ÉIRE/IRELAND, DANNMARK and NEDERLAND.

• The FRANCE-FRANCE relationships are not so prominent.

APC-ÉIRE/IRELAND: Country Relationships in "Energy Marine" FP7 Projects(Total= 280 relationships)


UNITED KINGDOM

PORTUGAL

ESPAÑA

DANMARK

ITALIA

FRANCE

BELGIQUE-BELGIË

DEUTSCHLAND

NEDERLAND

SVERIGE

ÉIRE/IRELAND

LIETUVA

HELLAS

CESKA REPUBLIKA

SUOMI/FINLAND

BULGARIA

HRVATSKA

KYPROS/KIBRIS

LATVIJA

MALTA

OTHER COUNTRIES

0 5 10 15 20 25

21,07

10

8,93

8,21

7,86

6,43

5,71

5,71

5,36

4,64

3,93

3,21

0,71

0,36

0,36

0

0

0

0

0

7,5

%

ÉIRE/IRELAND

90

RELATIONSHIPS IN PORTUGAL

• PORTUGAL is mainly connected with organizations from UNITED KINGDOM, SPAIN,

ÉIRE/IRELAND, DEUTSCHLAND and FRANCE.

• The PORTUGAL-PORTUGAL relationships are very prominent.

APC-FRANCE: Country Relationships in "Energy Marine " FP7 Projects(Total= 213 relationships)


ESPAÑA

UNITED KINGDOM

ÉIRE/IRELAND

DANMARK

NEDERLAND

DEUTSCHLAND

PORTUGAL

ITALIA

FRANCE

BELGIQUE-BELGIË

HELLAS

KYPROS/KIBRIS

ÖSTERREICH

SUOMI/FINLAND

SVERIGE

BULGARIA

CESKA REPUBLIKA

HRVATSKA

LATVIJA

LIETUVA

OTHER COUNTRIES

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

26,29

21,6

8,45

6,57

6,1

5,63

5,63

3,76

3,29

1,88

0,94

0,47

0,47

0,47

0,47

0

0

0

0

0

7,98

%

FRANCE

91

RELATIONSHIPS IN UNITED KINGDOM

• UNITED KINGDOM is mainly connected with organizations from ESPAÑA, ÉIRE/IRELAND,

PORTUGAL and FRANCE.

• The UNITED KINGDOM- UNITED KINGDOM relationships are very prominent.

APC-PORTUGAL: Country Relationships in "Energy Mari ne" FP7 Projects(Total= 219 relationships)


UNITED KINGDOM

ESPAÑA

PORTUGAL

ÉIRE/IRELAND

DEUTSCHLAND

FRANCE

DANMARK

HELLAS

NEDERLAND

BULGARIA

SUOMI/FINLAND

BELGIQUE-BELGIË

ITALIA

KYPROS/KIBRIS

SVERIGE

CESKA REPUBLIKA

HRVATSKA

LATVIJA

LIETUVA

MALTA

OTHER COUNTRIES

0 5 10 15 20 25

22,37

13,7

13,7

12,79

9,13

5,48

5,02

3,65

2,74

1,83

1,83

1,37

0,91

0,91

0,46

0

0

0

0

0

4,11

%

PORTUGAL

92

5. EXAMPLES OF RELATIONSHIPS OF ORGANIZATIONS IN COUNTRIES WITH APC REGIONS

RELATIONSHIPS OF APC ORGANIZATIONS

Finally, we present some examples of relationships of specific organizations from the APC countries.

These organizations are:

• SPAIN: Universidad de Cantabria.

• ÉIRE/IRELAND: University of Limerick.

• FRANCE: Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Explotation de la Mer.

• PORTUGAL: A. Silva Matos Energia, SA.

• UNITED KINGDOM: The University of Exeter.

APC-UNITED KINGDOM: Country Relationships in "Energ y Marine" FP7 Projects(Total= 496 relationships)


ESPAÑA

UNITED KINGDOM

ÉIRE/IRELAND

PORTUGAL

FRANCE

DEUTSCHLAND

DANMARK

BELGIQUE-BELGIË

ITALIA

NEDERLAND

HELLAS

SVERIGE

HRVATSKA

KYPROS/KIBRIS

LIETUVA

ÖSTERREICH

BULGARIA

CESKA REPUBLIKA

LATVIJA

MALTA

OTHER COUNTRIES

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

25

12,1

11,9

9,88

9,27

6,45

6,05

3,23

3,02

3,02

2,22

1,01

0,2

0,2

0,2

0,2

0

0

0

0

6,05

%

UNITED KINGDOM

93

PUSHKINSKA 37, ODESSA, UKRAINE ODESSA BRANCH INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGY OF SOUTHERNSSEAS NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCE OF UKRAINE

AVENIDA DE LOS CASTROS S/N, SANTANDER, ESPAÑA

UNIVERSIDAD DE CANTABRIA

COCONET

AVENUE DE L'UNIVERSITE, BP20132, LA GARDE CEDEX, FRANCE

UNIVERSITE DU SUD TOULON VAR



COCONET

University Campus, Tal-Qroqq, MSIDA, MALTA

UNIVERSITA TA MALTAAVENIDA DE LOS CASTROS S/N, SANTANDER, ESPAÑA


COCONET

DUMLUPINAR BULVARI 1, CANKAYA, TURKEY

MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY



COCONET

FRANTSUZSKY BLVD. 89, ODESSA, UKRAINE

UKRAINIAN SCIENTIFIC CENTRE OF ECOLOGY OF THE SEA



COCONET

Ulica Mihovila Pavlinovica bb, ZADAR, Hrvatska

UNIVERSITY OF ZADARAVENIDA DE LOS CASTROS S/N, SANTANDER, ESPAÑA


COCONET

MALOOKHTINSKY PROSPEKT 98, ST PETERSBURG, Russian Federation

RUSSIAN STATE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL UNIVERSITY



COCONET

RUE DU FAUBOURG DE DOUAI 128, LILLE, FRANCE

NENUPHAR SARLAVENIDA DE LOS CASTROS S/N, SANTANDER, ESPAÑA


COCONET

VIA DEI TRULLI 18-20, BARI, ITALIA COISPA TECNOLOGIA & RICERCA SCARL



COCONET

HAVNEPLADSEN, FARSO, DANMARK HVALPSUND NET ASAVENIDA DE LOS CASTROS, SANTANDER, ESPAÑA


MERMAID

Forusbeen, STAVANGER, NORGE STATOIL PETROLEUM ASAVENIDA DE LOS CASTROS, SANTANDER, ESPAÑA


MERMAID

WESTERDUINWEG, PETTEN, NEDERLAND

STICHTING ENERGIEONDERZOEK CENTRUM NEDERLAND

AVENIDA DE LOS CASTROS, SANTANDER, ESPAÑA


MERMAID

VIA OSTIENSE, ROMA, ITALIA UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI ROMA TRE



MERMAID

NORDNESGATEN, 1870, BERGEN, NORGE

HAVFORSKNINGSINSTITUTTET



MERMAID

ADDRESS 2ORGANIZATION 2ADDRESS 1ORGANIZATION 1PROJECT

ESPAÑA: RELATIONSHIPS OF “UNIVERSIDAD DE CANTABRIA” (14 OF 65 RELATIONSHIPS)

BELAMANDIL, OLHAO, PORTUGAL

A4F ALGAFUEL SANATIONAL TECHNOLOGICAL PARK, PLASSEY -, LIMERICK, ÉIRE/IRELAND

UNIVERSITY OF LIMERICK

DEMA

YLIOPISTONMAKI, TURKU, SUOMI/FINLAND

TURUN YLIOPISTONATIONAL TECHNOLOGICAL PARK, PLASSEY -, LIMERICK, ÉIRE/IRELAND


DEMA

ROUTE GABRIEL MACE 40, 315, SAINTE CLOTILDE, FRANCE

ERCANE GIENATIONAL TECHNOLOGICAL PARK, PLASSEY -, LIMERICK, ÉIRE/IRELAND


DEMA

Rua da Amieira, S.MAMEDE DE INFESTA, PORTUGAL

LABORATORIO NACIONAL DE ENERGIA E GEOLOGIA I.P.

NATIONAL TECHNOLOGICAL PARK, PLASSEY -, LIMERICK, ÉIRE/IRELAND


DEMA

ROETERSSTRAAT 35, AMSTERDAM, NEDERLAND

PHOTANOL BVNATIONAL TECHNOLOGICAL PARK, PLASSEY -, LIMERICK, ÉIRE/IRELAND


DEMA

Rondweg 48, ENTER, NEDERLAND

PERVATECH BVNATIONAL TECHNOLOGICAL PARK, PLASSEY -, LIMERICK, ÉIRE/IRELAND


DEMA

The Old Schools, Trinity Lane, CAMBRIDGE, UNITED KINGDOM

THE CHANCELLOR, MASTERS AND SCHOLARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE



DEMA

SPUI 21, Postbus 19268, AMSTERDAM, NEDERLAND

UNIVERSITEIT VAN AMSTERDAM



DEMA

GALWAY TECHNOLOGY PARK, PARKMORE,GALWAY, ÉIRE/IRELAND

MARINE COMPUTATION SERVICES LTD.

National Technology Park, LIMERICK, ÉIRE/IRELAND


CORES

Frederik Bajers Vej 5, 159, AALBORG, DANMARK

AALBORG UNIVERSITETNational Technology Park, LIMERICK, ÉIRE/IRELAND


CORES

Northcote House, The Queen's Drive, EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM

THE UNIVERSITY OF EXETERNational Technology Park, LIMERICK, ÉIRE/IRELAND


CORES


ÉIRE/IRELAND: RELATIONSHIPS OF “UNIVERSITY OF LIMER ICK ” (11 OF 21 RELATIONSHIPS)

95

Mill Square, Featherstone Road, WOLVERTON MILL, MILTON KEYNES, UNITED KINGDOM

TECHNICAL SOFTWARE CONSULTANTS LTD

Zona Industrial dos Padrões, SEVER DO VOUGA, PORTUGAL

A. SILVA MATOS -ENERGIA, SA

NIMO

ZOODOCHU PIGIS, VOLOS, HELLAS M.K. KOTOUZAS KAI SIA EEZona Industrial dos Padrões, SEVER DO VOUGA, PORTUGAL


NIMO

Av. Professor Doutor Cavaco Silva, Talaide, Taguspark, Apartado 012, PORTO SALVO (OEIRAS), PORTUGAL




NIMO

Edgbaston, BIRMINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM

THE UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM



NIMO

ANGIOU PAVLOU, NICOSIA, KYPROS/KIBRIS

FELDMAN ENTERPRISES LIMITED



NIMO

Troonstraat, BRUSSELS, BELGIQUE-BELGIË

ALFA PRODUCTS AND TECHNOLOGIES



NIMO

Rua Barata Salgueiro, LISBOA, PORTUGAL

CAIXA BANCO DE INVESTIMENTO SA



DEMOWFLOAT

Av. Professor Doutor Cavaco Silva, Talaide, Taguspark, Apartado 012, PORTO SALVO (OEIRAS), PORTUGAL




DEMOWFLOAT

PARK VIEW, LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM

PRINCIPLE POWER (EUROPE) LIMITED



DEMOWFLOAT

COLE BLVD, GOLDEN, UNITED STATES

ALLIANCE FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY LLC



DEMOWFLOAT

5TH FLOOR, PRINCES STREET, EDINBURGH, UNITED KINGDOM

REPSOL NUEVAS ENERGIAS UK LTD



DEMOWFLOAT

Rua da Amieira, S.MAMEDE DE INFESTA, PORTUGAL

LABORATORIO NACIONAL DE ENERGIA E GEOLOGIA I.P.



DEMOWFLOAT

HEDEAGER, AARHUS, DANMARK VESTAS WIND SYSTEMS A/SZona Industrial dos Padrões, SEVER DO VOUGA, PORTUGAL


DEMOWFLOAT


PORTUGAL: RELATIONSHIPS OF “A. SILVA MATOS - ENERGIA , SA” (13 OF 25 RELATIONSHIPS)

Alameda Urquijo Edificio Plaza Bizkaia 36, 1º, BILBAO, ESPAÑA

ENTE VASCO DE LA ENERGIA155 rue Jean Jacques Rousseau, ISSY-LES-MOULINEAUX, FRANCE

INSTITUT FRANCAIS DE RECHERCHE POUR L'EXPLOITATION DE LA MER

MARINET

GLASNEVIN, DUBLIN 9, ÉIRE/IRELAND

THE SUSTAINABLE ENERGY AUTHORITY OF IRELAND

155 rue Jean Jacques Rousseau, ISSY-LES-MOULINEAUX, FRANCE


MARINET

Richmond Street 16, GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM

UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE



MARINET


THE UNIVERSITY OF EXETER155 rue Jean Jacques Rousseau, ISSY-LES-MOULINEAUX, FRANCE


MARINET

PASEO MIKELETEGI PARQUE TECNOLOGICO DE MIRAMON 2, DONOSTIA SAN SEBASTIAN, ESPAÑA




MARINET

DRAKE CIRCUS, PLYMOUTH, UNITED KINGDOM

UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH155 rue Jean Jacques Rousseau, ISSY-LES-MOULINEAUX, FRANCE


MARINET

Quai de la Douane, 24, BREST, FRANCE

ACTIMAR SAS155 rue Jean Jacques Rousseau, ISSY-LES-MOULINEAUX, FRANCE


EQUIMAR


THE UNIVERSITY OF EXETER155 rue Jean Jacques Rousseau, ISSY-LES-MOULINEAUX, FRANCE


EQUIMAR

PASEO MIKELETEGI PARQUE TECNOLOGICO DE MIRAMON 2, DONOSTIA SAN SEBASTIAN, ESPAÑA




EQUIMAR

Western Road, CORK, ÉIRE/IRELAND

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE CORK, NATIONALUNIVERSITY OF IRELAND, CORK



EQUIMAR

16 Richmond Street, GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM

UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE



EQUIMAR


FRANCE: RELATIONSHIPS OF “INSTITUT FRANCAIS DE RECH ERCHE POUR L'EXPLOITATION DE LA MER” (11 OF 13 RELATI ONSHIPS)

96

2ND SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES STUDY- Activity 2 of the

APC project: “Regional study on Marine Renewable Energies”.

E. PRESENTATION OF THE STUDY

PRESENTATION

The study “Scientific Production in Marine Renewable Energies” is the second part of the work done

by the Fundación Universidade A Coruña within the activities of the “Atlantic Power Cluster” project.

The first part of the work was dedicated to FP7 projects in Marine Renewable Energies and the third

part was devoted to PCT patents in Marine Renewable Energies.


The study aims to obtain, normalize and analyse data on the scientific activities related to the area of

renewable energies from the sea, carried out by organizations from all countries in the world. The

exercise here is to determine the scientific situation of countries with APC regions in this worldwide

context.

UNIVERSITY ROAD LANYONBUILDING, BELFAST, UNITED KINGDOM

THE QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY OF BELFAST


THE UNIVERSITY OF EXETER

MARINET

Via S. Maria in Gradi 4, VITERBO, ITALIA

UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DELLA TUSCIA



MARINET

Rue du Luxembourg 23, BRUXELLES, BELGIQUE-BELGIË

1-TECHNorthcote House, The Queen's Drive, EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM


MARINET

Rua Sa da Bandeira, PORTO, PORTUGAL

WAVE ENERGY CENTRE -CENTRO DE ENERGIA DAS ONDAS



WAVEPORT

Pier-senteret, TRONDHEIM, NORGE FUGRO OCEANOR ASNorthcote House, The Queen's Drive, EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM


WAVEPORT

GALWAY TECHNOLOGY PARK, PARKMORE,GALWAY, ÉIRE/IRELAND

MARINE COMPUTATION SERVICES LTD.



CORES


AALBORG UNIVERSITETNorthcote House, The Queen's Drive, EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM


CORES


AALBORG UNIVERSITETNorthcote House, The Queen's Drive, EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM


EQUIMAR

Quai de la Douane, 24, BREST, FRANCE

ACTIMAR SASNorthcote House, The Queen's Drive, EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM


EQUIMAR

University Road, Highfield, SOUTHAMPTON, UNITED KINGDOM

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON



EQUIMAR

Back Road, STROMNESS, UNITED KINGDOM

EUROPEAN MARINE ENERGY CENTRE



EQUIMAR

Jamesfield Farmhouse, CUPAR, UNITED KINGDOM

FEISTY PRODUCTIONS LIMITEDNorthcote House, The Queen's Drive, EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM


EQUIMAR

rue d'Arlon, BRUXELLES, BELGIQUE-BELGIË

EUROPEAN OCEAN ENERGY ASSOCIATION



EQUIMAR

Scottish Marine Institute, DUNBEG OBAN, UNITED KINGDOM

THE SCOTTISH ASSOCIATION FOR MARINE SCIENCE



EQUIMAR


UNITED KINGDOM: RELATIONSHIPS OF ”THE UNIVERSITY OF EXETER” (14 OF 66 RELATIONSHIPS)

97

INFORMATION SOURCE OF THE STUDY

The target of the analysis is the set of research results published in journals of international scope.

The source chosen for both its coverage and reliability is the database of the Science Citation Index.

This source allows making analysis based on all the signatory organisations of scientific articles, as

well as, conducting an in depth disciplinary analysis. The bibliographic data obtained from the

Science Citation Index complement the impact indicators from the Journal Citation Reports. Based

on this information standardized indicators will be elaborated that place the importance and

relevance of the research analysed.

INTEGRATION IN APC

The study is incorporated in the Activity 2 of the APC project: “Regional study on marine renewable

energies”. It will address the present situation in the partner regions from a strategic point of view.

The Fundación Universidade A Coruña addresses the Activity 2 from the point of view of scientific

performance in marine renewable energy, which is a key strategic tool of the regions participating in

the project, because the scientific action is the basis of knowledge on which underpinning the

technological development and innovation in this energy field.

F. METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY

SCIENCE CITATION INDEX

The study uses the multi-disciplinary SCI database, covering references of scientific texts from all

over the world, with information about the author, the title, the subject, etc, obtained from

thousands of scientific journals. The database contains a full range of disciplines, with areas such as

agricultural, biological, environmental sciences, engineering, technology, applied sciences and

physical and chemical sciences. In our study, we select different contents in Marine Renewable

Energies.


The study of scientific production in marine renewable energies uses this geographical classification

of countries:

– EU-ATLANTIC: Countries of the European Union with regions in the Atlantic Area. – EU-NON-ATL: Countries of the European Union without regions in the Atlantic Area. – EUR-NON-EU: European Countries not integrated in the European Union. – AMERICA – ASIA – REST OF THE WORLD

98

EU-ATLANTIC REGIONS

• Countries included in the Study:

– England – France – Ireland – North Ireland – Portugal – Scotland – Spain – Wales

EU-NON-ATLANTIC REGIONS


– Austria – Belgium – Cyprus – Czech Republic – Denmark – Finland – Germany – Greece – Italy – Latvia – Lithuania – Malta – Netherlands – Poland – Romania – Slovakia – Slovenia – Sweden

EUROPEAN-NON-EU REGIONS


– Croatia (28th member state of the EU on July 1, 2013)

99

– Macedonia – Norway – Russia – Serbia – Switzerland – Turkey – Ukraine

AMERICA


– Argentina – Brazil – Canada – Chile – Colombia – Mexico – Trinidad & Tobago – USA

ASIA


– India – Japan – Malaysia – Pakistan – Peoples Republic China – Singapore – South Korea – Sri Lanka – Uzbekistan – Taiwan

REST OF THE WORLD


– Algeria – Australia – Bahrain – Brunei – Egypt – Fiji

100

– Iran – Iraq – Israel – Jordan – Kuwait – Laos – Lebanon – Mauritania – Morocco – Mozambique – New Zealand – Oman – Qatar – Reunion (French island in the Indian Ocean) – Saudi Arabia – Senegal – South Africa – Syria – Tanzania – U Arab Emirates


Three types of organization are considered in the study:

– FIRM: private companies operating on the markets.

– RESO: research organizations, public agencies, private associations.

– UNIV: higher education organizations.


The seas and oceans are the largest solar collector and the world´s largest energy storage system,

representing a huge energy potential which using different technologies, can be transformed into

electricity and contribute to meet the current energy needs. The existing energy resources in the sea

is manifested in various forms: waves, currents, tides, temperature differences or thermal gradients

and salinity differences, which results in different technologies for exploiting the energy from the

sea:

– Tidal energy or tidal power

– Stream Energy

– Ocean Thermal Energy

101

– Wave Energy

– Blue energy or osmotic power

– Wind energy obtained in off-shore platforms, located far from the coast.

– Energy from algae.

TEMPORAL PERIOD

The publication period of the scientific documents included in the Study was 2007-2013.


Outputs of the study “Scientific Production in Marine Renewable Energies”:

– Exposition of recent scientific developments in Marine Renewable Energies. – Benchmarking analysis of the European Union countries with Atlantic regions related to

other geographical areas in the world. – Identification of Firms, Universities and Research Organizations in European Union countries

with Atlantic regions. – Identifications of authors from the European Union countries with Atlantic regions.


Indicators are developed based on the information about scientific production, in order to provide a

comparative description of scientific activities carried out on Marine Renewable Energies by

organizations from European Union countries with Atlantic regions. This information is relevant from

a strategic point of view, since scientific production is the support of subsequent developments in

technology and innovation.

DOCUMENTS, ORGANIZATIONS AND AUTHORS

The object of study is the total number of scientific products in Marine Renewable Energies. These

products are scientific documents as articles, proceedings, reviews, etc. Each document has been

elaborated by one or more authors, who work for one or more organizations. Our Study contains

three levels of analysis. First, we present the documents in Marine Renewable Energies. Second, we

expound the organizations that appear in these documents (apparitions of organizations in the

scientific documents). Third, we attend to the authors of the documents (apparitions of authors in

102

the scientific documents). For instance, one scientific article is written by four authors from two

different organizations. Then, we have one document, two apparitions of organizations and four

apparitions of authors. We use scientific documents with the aim of identifying organizations and

authors in European Union Atlantic Countries working actually in Marine Renewable Energies.

STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY “SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES”

The study contains three levels of information and analysis:

– Scientific documents in Marine Renewable Energies. – Organizations in Marine Renewable Energies. – Authors in Marine Renewable Energies. – Scientific contents in Marine Renewable Energies from regions participant in Atlantic Power

Cluster project.

103

G. SCIENTIFIC DOCUMENTS ON MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

MEASUREMENTS IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

In this first paragraph, we indicate the three main measurements of the Study. First, the total

number of scientific documents in MRE was 630 between 2007 and 2013. Second, the total number

of apparitions of organizations in the MRE scientific production was 1.197. Third, the total number of

apparitions of authors in the MRE scientific production was 2.206.

DOCUMENT TYPE OF SCIENTIFIC DOCUMENTS IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

The main type of document was the Scientific Article, with three quarters of the scientific

production.

YEAR PUBLISHED OF SCIENTIFIC DOCUMENTS IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

Document Type of Scientific Documents in MRE(Total= 630 documents)

Fuente: SCI. Elaboration by Novatriz for FUAC in APC.

Article

Article; ProceedingsEditorial Material

Review

74,3%

7,1%0,8%

17,8%

104

The period of publication of the scientific production was 2007-2013. This production was growing

during the period. The last year, 2013, is not yet finished; obviously the scientific production of this

year is lower.

PAGES COUNT OF SCIENTIFIC DOCUMENTS IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

The total number of pages was 7.242, with a mean of 11 pages per document. This production of

pages was increasing during the period, especially in 2012, and is lower in 2013 because is the

current not finished year.

Year Published of Scientific Documents in MRE(Total= 630 documents)

Fuente: SCI. Elaboration by Novatriz for FUAC in APC.2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

50

100

150

200

43 41

86

109

126

160

65

Number of documents

105

NAME OF THE PUBLICATIONS OF SCIENTIFIC DOCUMENTS IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

The publications with higher number of documents published were RENEWABLE ENERGY,

RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS and ENERGY POLICY. These three publications

represent the third part (29,7%) of the scientific publications in MRE. The total number of

publications in MRE was 212.

Name of the Publications in Marine Renewable Energies

Number of

documents

RENEWABLE ENERGY 76

RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS 71

ENERGY POLICY 40

ENERGY 22

DESALINATION 16

Pages Count of Scientific Documents in MRE(Total= 7.242 pages)


0

500

1000

1500

2000

601

479

875

1276 1310

1939

762

Number of Pages

106

APPLIED ENERGY 15

DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 15

OCEAN ENGINEERING 15

ENERGIES 9

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY 9

PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART A-

JOURNAL OF POWER AND ENERGY

9

OCEANOGRAPHY 8

PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 8

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT 7

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES 7

APPLIED OCEAN RESEARCH 6

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 6

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 6

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL

PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES

6

IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING 5

MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL 5

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 4

JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH 4

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE 4

JOURNAL OF OFFSHORE MECHANICS AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS

OF THE ASME

4

MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 4

PLOS ONE 4

PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS-MARITIME ENGINEERING 4

WIND ENERGY 4

107

BIOMASS & BIOENERGY 3

ENERGY SOURCES PART A-RECOVERY UTILIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS 3

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS 3

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS 3

JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY 3

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ECOLOGY 3

JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 3

MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 3

OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT 3

SCIENTIFIC WORLD JOURNAL 3

SEA TECHNOLOGY 3

SOLAR ENERGY 3

AMBIO 2

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2

BIOFUELS BIOPRODUCTS & BIOREFINING-BIOFPR 2

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH & DESIGN 2

CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY 2

CLIMATIC CHANGE 2

COASTAL MANAGEMENT 2

ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS 2

ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT 2

ENERGY EDUCATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PART A-ENERGY SCIENCE AND

RESEARCH

2

ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT JOURNAL 2

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2

108

ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE 2

IEEE SYSTEMS JOURNAL 2

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS 2

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY 2

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS 2

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH 2

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY 2

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY 2

JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY 2

MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES 2

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES

OF AMERICA

2

SCIENCE CHINA-TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2

SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS 2

STAHLBAU 2

WASSERWIRTSCHAFT 2

Other Publications 141

TOTAL 630


PUBLISHERS OF SCIENTIFIC DOCUMENTS IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD was the main publisher, with one third (34%) of the documents

in MRE. Also ELSEVIER SCI LTD and ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV have high records of publications. The total

number of publishers in MRE was 102.

Publishers in Marine Renewable Energies

109

Number of

Documents

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD 214

ELSEVIER SCI LTD 82

ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV 40

IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC 34

WILEY-BLACKWELL 18

TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC 17

SPRINGER 15

DESALINATION PUBL 10

PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD 10

AMER CHEMICAL SOC 9

ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY 9

MDPI AG 8

OCEANOGRAPHY SOC 8

ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG 6

JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD 6

ROYAL SOC 6

SPRINGER HEIDELBERG 6

MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC 5

COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION 4

ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA 4

PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE 4

COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC 3

COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH 3

ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC 3

HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION 3

110

NATL ACAD SCIENCES 3

SCIBULCOM LTD 3

THOMAS TELFORD PUBLISHING 3

WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC 3

ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD 2

AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION 2

AMER INST PHYSICS 2

CSIRO PUBLISHING 2

ECOMED PUBLISHERS 2

EDP SCIENCES S A 2

GH ASACHI TECHNICAL UNIV IASI 2

INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS 2

INTER-RESEARCH 2

IOP PUBLISHING LTD 2

JAPANESE GEOTECHNICAL SOC 2

MANEY PUBLISHING 2

MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL-MDPI 2

SCIENCE CHINA PRESS 2

SILA SCIENCE 2

SPRINGER JAPAN KK 2

TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD 2

VIEWEG 2

Other Publishers 55

TOTAL 630


111

SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGICAL AREA OF SCIENTIFIC DOCUMENTS IN MARINE RENEWABLE

ENERGIES

Here it is included only the first assignation of S&T area to publications and it is obvious that “Energy

& Fuels” is the most frequent area, with 37,8% of the scientific documents.

Scientific & Technological Area of Documents in MRE

Number of Documents

Energy & Fuels 238

Engineering, Chemical 42

Environmental Sciences 37

Thermodynamics 29

Engineering, Environmental 26

Engineering, Electrical & Electronic 22

Engineering, Marine 21

Multidisciplinary Sciences 19

Engineering, Ocean 18

Chemistry, Physical 12

Engineering, Civil 12

Engineering, Mechanical 12

Oceanography 12

Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology 10

Ecology 10

Electrochemistry 10

Chemistry, Multidisciplinary 9

Engineering, Multidisciplinary 9

Agricultural Engineering 7

Automation & Control Systems 6

112

Other S&T Areas 69

TOTAL 630


TOTAL TIME CITED COUNT OF SCIENTIFIC DOCUMENTS IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

The time cited is a measurement of the impact of the scientific publication. The number of cites was

growing till 2010 and later is decreasing. This is normal, because if the publication is more recent has

less time to receive cites. In mean terms, each scientific document in MRE received 6,9 cites.

10% MOST CITED SCIENTIFIC DOCUMENTS IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

Here we present the list of titles of the 10% most cited scientific documents in MRE

Documents Most Cited in Marine Renewable Energies

AUTHORS DOCUMENT TITLE PUBLICATION NAME YEAR

Total Times Cited Count of Scientific Documents in MRE(Total= 4.363 cites)


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

731

494

1179

1351

678

197

3

Number of Cites

113

Brennan, L; Owende, P Biofuels from microalgae-A review of

technologies for production, processing, and

extractions of biofuels and co-products

RENEWABLE &

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

REVIEWS

2010

Flourentzou, N; Agelidis,

VG; Demetriades, GD

VSC-Based HVDC Power Transmission Systems:

An Overview

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON

POWER ELECTRONICS

2009

Demirbas, B Biomass business and operating ENERGY EDUCATION

SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY PART A-

ENERGY SCIENCE AND

RESEARCH

2010

Karunadasa, HI; Chang,

CJ; Long, JR

A molecular molybdenum-oxo catalyst for

generating hydrogen from water

NATURE 2010

Asif, M; Muneer, T Energy supply, its demand and security issues for

developed and emerging economies

RENEWABLE &

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

REVIEWS

2007

Falcao, AFD Wave energy utilization: A review of the

technologies

RENEWABLE &

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

REVIEWS

2010

Mathioulakis, E;

Belessiotis, V; Delyannis,

E

Desalination by using alternative energy: Review

and state-of-the-art

DESALINATION 2007

Mellit, A; Kalogirou, SA Artificial intelligence techniques for photovoltaic

applications: A review

PROGRESS IN ENERGY

AND COMBUSTION

SCIENCE

2008

Post, JW; Veerman, J;

Hamelers, HVM;

Euverink, GJW; Metz, SJ;

Nymeijer, K; Buisman,

CJN

Salinity-gradient power: Evaluation of pressure-

retarded osmosis and reverse electrodialysis

JOURNAL OF

MEMBRANE SCIENCE

2007

Gerstandt, K;

Peinemann, KV;

Skilhagen, SE; Thorsen, T;

Holt, T

Membrane processes in energy supply for an

osmotic power plant

DESALINATION 2008

Stewart, GB; Pullin, AS;

Coles, CF

Poor evidence-base for assessment of windfarm

impacts on birds

ENVIRONMENTAL

CONSERVATION

2007

Ferrer, M; Beloqui, A;

Timmis, KN; Golyshin, PN

Metagenomics for Mining New Genetic

Resources of Microbial Communities

JOURNAL OF

MOLECULAR

MICROBIOLOGY AND

BIOTECHNOLOGY

2009

Khan, MJ; Bhuyan, G;

Iqbal, MT; Quaicoe, JE

Hydrokinetic energy conversion systems and

assessment of horizontal and vertical axis

APPLIED ENERGY 2009

114

turbines for river and tidal applications: A

technology status review

Hung, TC; Wang, SK; Kuo,

CH; Pei, BS; Tsai, KF

A study of organic working fluids on system

efficiency of an ORC using low-grade energy

sources

ENERGY 2010

Yang, J; Xu, M; Zhang, XZ;

Hu, QA; Sommerfeld, M;

Chen, YS

Life-cycle analysis on biodiesel production from

microalgae: Water footprint and nutrients

balance

BIORESOURCE

TECHNOLOGY

2011

Mellit, A; Kalogirou, SA;

Hontoria, L; Shaari, S

Artificial intelligence techniques for sizing

photovoltaic systems: A review

RENEWABLE &

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

REVIEWS

2009

Zhou, D; Zhang, LA;

Zhang, SC; Fu, HB; Chen,

JM

Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Macroalgae

Enteromorpha prolifera to Bio-oil

ENERGY & FUELS 2010

Yang, HX; Zhou, W; Lou,

CZ

Optimal design and techno-economic analysis of

a hybrid solar-wind power generation system

APPLIED ENERGY 2009

Veerman, J; Saakes, M;

Metz, SJ; Harmsen, GJ

Reverse electrodialysis: Performance of a stack

with 50 cells on the mixing of sea and river water

JOURNAL OF

MEMBRANE SCIENCE

2009

Hansson, J; Berndes, G;

Johnsson, F; Kjarstad, J

Co-firing biomass with coal for electricity

generation-An assessment of the potential in

EU27

ENERGY POLICY 2009

Inger, R; Attrill, MJ;

Bearhop, S; Broderick,

AC; Grecian, WJ;

Hodgson, DJ; Mills, C;

Sheehan, E; Votier, SC;

Witt, MJ; Godley, BJ

Marine renewable energy: potential benefits to

biodiversity? An urgent call for research

JOURNAL OF APPLIED

ECOLOGY

2009

Soderholm, P; Ek, K;

Pettersson, M

Wind power development in Sweden: Global

policies and local obstacles

RENEWABLE &

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

REVIEWS

2007

Breton, SP; Moe, G Status, plans and technologies for offshore wind

turbines in Europe and North America

RENEWABLE ENERGY 2009

Weinzettel, J; Reenaas,

M; Solli, C; Hertwich, EG

Life cycle assessment of a floating offshore wind

turbine


Brogioli, D Extracting Renewable Energy from a Salinity

Difference Using a Capacitor

PHYSICAL REVIEW

LETTERS

2009

Vlachos, DG; Caratzoulas,

S

The roles of catalysis and reaction engineering in

overcoming the energy and the environment

crisis

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

SCIENCE

2010

115

Waters, R; Engstrom, J;

Isberg, J; Leijon, M

Wave climate off the Swedish west coast RENEWABLE ENERGY 2009

Sakurai, H; Masukawa, H Promoting R & D in photobiological hydrogen

production utilizing mariculture-raised

cyanobacteria

MARINE

BIOTECHNOLOGY

2007

Larsen, JK; Guillemette,

M

Effects of wind turbines on flight behaviour of

wintering common eiders: implications for

habitat use and collision risk

JOURNAL OF APPLIED

ECOLOGY

2007

Henfridsson, U;

Neimane, V; Strand, K;

Kapper, R; Bernhoff, H;

Danielsson, O; Leijon, M;

Sundberg, J; Thorburn, K;

Ericsson, E; Bergman, K

Wave energy potential in the Baltic Sea and the

Danish part of the North Sea, with reflections on

the Skagerrak


Delucchi, MA; Jacobson,

MZ

Providing all global energy with wind, water, and

solar power, Part II: Reliability, system and

transmission costs, and policies

ENERGY POLICY 2011

Shaahid, SM; Elhadidy,

MA

Economic analysis of hybrid photovoltaic-diesel-

battery power systems for residential loads in hot

regions - A step to clean future

RENEWABLE &

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

REVIEWS

2008

Ayer, NW; Tyedmers, PH Assessing alternative aquaculture technologies:

life cycle assessment of salmonid culture systems

in Canada

JOURNAL OF CLEANER

PRODUCTION

2009

Iglesias, G; Lopez, M;

Carballo, R; Castro, A;

Fraguela, JA; Frigaard, P

Wave energy potential in Galicia (NW Spain) RENEWABLE ENERGY 2009

Ramachandra, TV;

Mahapatra, DM;

Karthick, B; Gordon, R

Milking Diatoms for Sustainable Energy:

Biochemical Engineering versus Gasoline-

Secreting Diatom Solar Panels

INDUSTRIAL &

ENGINEERING

CHEMISTRY RESEARCH

2009

Sutherland, G; Foreman,

M; Garrett, C

Tidal current energy assessment for Johnstone

Strait, Vancouver Island

PROCEEDINGS OF THE

INSTITUTION OF

MECHANICAL

ENGINEERS PART A-

JOURNAL OF POWER

AND ENERGY

2007

Rusu, E; Soares, CG Numerical modelling to estimate the spatial

distribution of the wave energy in the Portuguese

nearshore


Gude, VG;

Nirmalakhandan, N;

Deng, SG

Renewable and sustainable approaches for

desalination

RENEWABLE &

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

REVIEWS

2010

116

Koh, SJA; Keplinger, C; Li,

TF; Bauer, S; Suo, ZG

Dielectric Elastomer Generators: How Much

Energy Can Be Converted?

IEEE-ASME

TRANSACTIONS ON

MECHATRONICS

2011

Vassallo, P; Bastianoni, S;

Beiso, I; Ridolfi, R;

Fabiano, M

Emergy analysis for the environmental

sustainability of an inshore fish farming system

ECOLOGICAL

INDICATORS

2007

Li, DM; Chen, LM; Zhao,

JS; Zhang, XW; Wang, QY;

Wang, HX; Ye, NH

Evaluation of the pyrolytic and kinetic

characteristics of Enteromorpha prolifera as a

source of renewable bio-fuel from the Yellow Sea

of China

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

RESEARCH & DESIGN

2010

Swider, DJ; Beurskens, L;

Davidson, S; Twidell, J;

Pyrko, J; Prueggler, W;

Auer, H; Vertin, K;

Skema, R

Conditions and costs for renewables electricity

grid connection: Examples in Europe


Dalton, GJ; Lockington,

DA; Baldock, TE

A survey of tourist attitudes to renewable energy

supply in Australian hotel accommodation


Langhamer, O;

Wilhelmsson, D;

Engstrom, J

Artificial reef effect and fouling impacts on

offshore wave power foundations and buoys - a

pilot study

ESTUARINE COASTAL

AND SHELF SCIENCE

2009

Kaldellis, JK; Zafirakis, D The wind energy (r)evolution: A short review of a

long history


Karlsson, K; Meibom, P Optimal investment paths for future renewable

based energy systems - Using the optimisation

model Balmorel

INTERNATIONAL

JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN

ENERGY

2008

Langhamer, O;

Wilhelmsson, D

Colonisation of fish and crabs of wave energy

foundations and the effects of manufactured

holes - A field experiment

MARINE

ENVIRONMENTAL

RESEARCH

2009

Iglesias, G; Carballo, R Wave energy resource in the Estaca de Bares

area (Spain)


Banat, F; Jwaied, N;

Rommel, M;

Koschikowski, J;

Wieghaus, M

Performance evaluation of the "large SMADES"

autonomous desalination solar-driven membrane

distillation plant in Aqaba, Jordan

DESALINATION 2007

Bernitsas, MM;

Raghavan, K; Ben-Simon,

Y; Garcia, EMH

VIVACE (vortex induced vibration aquatic clean

energy): A new concept in generation of clean

and renewable energy from fluid flow

JOURNAL OF OFFSHORE

MECHANICS AND ARCTIC

ENGINEERING-

TRANSACTIONS OF THE

ASME

2008

La Mantia, F; Pasta, M;

Deshazer, HD; Logan, BE;

Batteries for Efficient Energy Extraction from a

Water Salinity Difference

NANO LETTERS 2011

117

Cui, Y

Ramon, GZ; Feinberg, BJ;

Hoek, EMV

Membrane-based production of salinity-gradient

power

ENERGY &

ENVIRONMENTAL

SCIENCE

2011

Wilhelmsson, D; Malm, T Fouling assemblages on offshore wind power

plants and adjacent substrata

ESTUARINE COASTAL

AND SHELF SCIENCE

2008

Leijon, M; Bostrom, C;

Danielsson, O;

Gustafsson, S; Haikonen,

K; Langhamer, O;

Stromstedt, E; Stalberg,

M; Sundberg, J;

Svensson, O; Tyrberg, S;

Waters, R

Wave Energy from the North Sea: Experiences

from the Lysekil Research Site

SURVEYS IN GEOPHYSICS 2008

Donovan, C; Dewan, A;

Peng, HA; Heo, D;

Beyenal, H

Power management system for a 2.5W remote

sensor powered by a sediment microbial fuel cell

JOURNAL OF POWER

SOURCES

2011

Blanchfield, J; Garrett, C;

Wild, P; Rowe, A

The extractable power from a channel linking a

bay to the open ocean

PROCEEDINGS OF THE

INSTITUTION OF

MECHANICAL

ENGINEERS PART A-

JOURNAL OF POWER

AND ENERGY

2008

Masden, EA; Haydon, DT;

Fox, AD; Furness, RW;

Bullman, R; Desholm, M

Barriers to movement: impacts of wind farms on

migrating birds

ICES JOURNAL OF

MARINE SCIENCE

2009

Grabbe, M; Lalander, E;

Lundin, S; Leijon, M

A review of the tidal current energy resource in

Norway

RENEWABLE &

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

REVIEWS

2009

Bragard, M; Soltau, N;

Thomas, S; De Doncker,

RW

The Balance of Renewable Sources and User

Demands in Grids: Power Electronics for Modular

Battery Energy Storage Systems


POWER ELECTRONICS

2010


118

10% MOST RECENT SCIENTIFIC DOCUMENTS IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

Now it is exposed the titles of the 10% most recent scientific documents in MRE.

Actual Documents in Marine Renewable Energies

AUTHORS DOCUMENT TITLE PUBLICATION NAME YEAR

Alexander, KA; Potts, T;

Wilding, TA

Marine renewable energy and Scottish west

coast fishers: Exploring impacts, opportunities

and potential mitigation

OCEAN & COASTAL

MANAGEMENT

2013

Garcia-Cordova, F;

Guerrero-Gonzalez, A

Intelligent Navigation for a Solar Powered

Unmanned Underwater Vehicle

INTERNATIONAL

JOURNAL OF ADVANCED

ROBOTIC SYSTEMS

2013

Tampakis, S;

Tsantopoulos, G;

Arabatzis, G; Rerras, I

Citizens' views on various forms of energy and

their contribution to the environment

RENEWABLE &

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

REVIEWS

2013

Rothman, NJ; Canuel, EA;

Beck, AJ

Trace metal cycling in an algal floway system ECOLOGICAL

ENGINEERING

2013

Ng, KW; Lam, WH; Ng, KC 2002-2012: 10 Years of Research Progress in

Horizontal-Axis Marine Current Turbines

ENERGIES 2013

Kim, YC; Kim, Y; Oh, D;

Lee, KH

Experimental Investigation of a Spiral-Wound

Pressure-Retarded Osmosis Membrane Module

for Osmotic Power Generation

ENVIRONMENTAL

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

2013

Mc Garrigle, EV; Deane,

JP; Leahy, PG

How much wind energy will be curtailed on the

2020 Irish power system?


Sierra, JP; Gonzalez-

Marco, D; Sospedra, J;

Gironella, X; Mosso, C;

Sanchez-Arcilla, A

Wave energy resource assessment in Lanzarote

(Spain)


Krone, R; Gutow, L;

Joschko, TJ; Schroder, A

Epifauna dynamics at an offshore foundation -

Implications of future wind power farming in the

North Sea

MARINE

ENVIRONMENTAL

RESEARCH

2013

Mangi, SC The Impact of Offshore Wind Farms on Marine

Ecosystems: A Review Taking an Ecosystem

Services Perspective

PROCEEDINGS OF THE

IEEE

2013

Henkel, SK; Conway, FDL;

Boehlert, GW

Environmental and Human Dimensions of Ocean

Renewable Energy Development

PROCEEDINGS OF THE

IEEE

2013

119

Haileselassie, TM; Uhlen,

K

Power System Security in a Meshed North Sea

HVDC Grid

PROCEEDINGS OF THE

IEEE

2013

Khan, J; Leon, D;

Moshref, A; Arabi, S;

Bhuyan, G

Network Security Assessments for Integrating

Large-Scale Tidal Current and Ocean Wave

Resources Into Future Electrical Grids

PROCEEDINGS OF THE

IEEE

2013

Denny, E; Keane, A A Smart Integrated Network for an Offshore

Island

PROCEEDINGS OF THE

IEEE

2013

Slocum, AH; Fennell, GE;

Dundar, G; Hodder, BG;

Meredith, JDC; Sager,

MA

Ocean Renewable Energy Storage (ORES) System:

Analysis of an Undersea Energy Storage Concept

PROCEEDINGS OF THE

IEEE

2013

Brekken, TKA;

Rhinefrank, K; von

Jouanne, A; Schacher, A;

Prudell, J; Hammagren, E

Scaled Development of a Novel Wave Energy

Converter Including Numerical Analysis and High-

Resolution Tank Testing

PROCEEDINGS OF THE

IEEE

2013

Gitizadeh, M; Kaji, M;

Aghaei, J

Risk based multiobjective generation expansion

planning considering renewable energy sources

ENERGY 2013

Rusu, E; Onea, F Evaluation of the wind and wave energy along

the Caspian Sea

ENERGY 2013

Bae, YH; Kim, MH Rotor-floater-tether coupled dynamics including

second-order sum-frequency wave loads for a

mono-column-TLP-type FOWT (floating offshore

wind turbine)


Zhao, H; Yan, HX; Liu, M;

Sun, BB; Zhang, Y; Dong,

SS; Qi, LB; Qin, S

Production of Bio-oil from Fast Pyrolysis of

Macroalgae Enteromorpha prolifera Powder in a

Free-fall Reactor

ENERGY SOURCES PART

A-RECOVERY

UTILIZATION AND

ENVIRONMENTAL

EFFECTS

2013

Guanche, R; Gomez, V;

Vidal, C; Eguinoa, I

Numerical analysis and performance optimization

of a submerged wave energy point absorber


Zapata, C; Muller, N;

Kleeman, MJ

PM2.5 co-benefits of climate change legislation

part 1: California's AB 32

CLIMATIC CHANGE 2013

Jo, CH; Kim, DY; Rho, YH;

Lee, KH; Johnstone, C

FSI analysis of deformation along offshore pile

structure for tidal current power


Selvan, BK; Revathi, M;

Piriya, PS; Vasan, PT;

Prabhu, DIG; Vennison,

SJ

Biodiesel production from marine cyanobacteria

cultured in plate and tubular photobioreactors

INDIAN JOURNAL OF

EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY

2013

Martinez-Anido, CB;

L'Abbate, A; Migliavacca,

Effects of North-African electricity import on the

European and the Italian power systems: a

ELECTRIC POWER

SYSTEMS RESEARCH

2013

120

G; Calisti, R; Soranno, M;

Fulli, G; Alecu, C; de

Vries, LJ

techno-economic analysis

Suganya, T; Gandhi, NN;

Renganathan, S

Production of algal biodiesel from marine

macroalgae Enteromorpha compressa by two

step process: Optimization and kinetic study

BIORESOURCE

TECHNOLOGY

2013

Perez, B; Minguez, R;

Guanche, R

Offshore wind farm layout optimization using

mathematical programming techniques


Horgan, C Using energy payback time to optimise onshore

and offshore wind turbine foundations


Aoun, NS; Harajli, HA;

Queffeulou, P

Preliminary appraisal of wave power prospects in

Lebanon


Oebels, KB; Pacca, S Life cycle assessment of an onshore wind farm

located at the northeastern coast of Brazil


Calvert, K; Pearce, JM;

Mabee, WE

Toward renewable energy geo-information

infrastructures: Applications of GIScience and

remote sensing that build institutional capacity

RENEWABLE &

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

REVIEWS

2013

Zhou, ZB; Benbouzid, M;

Charpentier, JF; Scuiller,

F; Tang, TH

A review of energy storage technologies for

marine current energy systems

RENEWABLE &

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

REVIEWS

2013

Wei, N; Quarterman, J;

Jin, YS

Marine macroalgae: an untapped resource for

producing fuels and chemicals

TRENDS IN

BIOTECHNOLOGY

2013

Pinto, RT; Bauer, P;

Rodrigues, SF;

Wiggelinkhuizen, EJ;

Pierik, J; Ferreira, B

A Novel Distributed Direct-Voltage Control

Strategy for Grid Integration of Offshore Wind

Energy Systems Through MTDC Network


INDUSTRIAL

ELECTRONICS

2013

Sheehan, EV; Gall, SC;

Cousens, SL; Attrill, MJ

Epibenthic Assessment of a Renewable Tidal

Energy Site

SCIENTIFIC WORLD

JOURNAL

2013

Shaahid, SM; Al-

Hadhrami, LM; Rahman,

MK

Economic feasibility of development of wind

power plants in coastal locations of Saudi Arabia -

A review

RENEWABLE &

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

REVIEWS

2013

Rawat, I; Kumar, RR;

Mutanda, T; Bux, F

Biodiesel from microalgae: A critical evaluation

from laboratory to large scale production

APPLIED ENERGY 2013

Chen, HC Optimum capacity determination of stand-alone

hybrid generation system considering cost and

reliability

APPLIED ENERGY 2013

Lovich, JE; Ennen, JR Assessing the state of knowledge of utility-scale

wind energy development and operation on non-

volant terrestrial and marine wildlife

APPLIED ENERGY 2013

121

Ashton, IGC; Saulnier, JB;

Smith, GH

Spatial variability of ocean waves, from in-situ

measurements


Keysan, O; Mueller, M;

McDonald, A; Hodgins,

N; Shek, J

Designing the C-GEN lightweight direct drive

generator for wave and tidal energy

IET RENEWABLE POWER

GENERATION

2012

Zayas, J Advancing the Development and Deployment of

Ocean Renewable Energy

SEA TECHNOLOGY 2013

Zhang, HM; Nie, ZX; Xiao,

X; Aggarwal, R; Kang, Q;

Ainslie, M; Zhu, JH;

Coombs, T; Yuan, WJ

Design and Simulation of SMES System Using

YBCO Tapes for Direct Drive Wave Energy

Converters


APPLIED

SUPERCONDUCTIVITY

2013

Ohara, S; Kawai, M;

Kawae, O; Morizane, Y

Operational planning of an independent

microgrid containing tidal power generators,

SOFCs, and photovoltaics

APPLIED ENERGY 2013

Ren, NX; Li, YG; Ou, JP The wind-wave tunnel test of a tension-leg

platform type floating offshore wind turbine

JOURNAL OF

RENEWABLE AND

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

2012

Sekar, M; Sakthivel, M;

Kumar, SS; Ramesh, C

Effect of solar intensity on efficiency of the

convection solar air heater

JOURNAL OF

RENEWABLE AND

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

2012

Kim, YC; Elimelech, M Potential of osmotic power generation by

pressure retarded osmosis using seawater as

feed solution: Analysis and experiments

JOURNAL OF

MEMBRANE SCIENCE

2013

O'Connor, M; Lewis, T;

Dalton, G

Weather window analysis of Irish west coast

wave data with relevance to operations 82

maintenance of marine renewables


Pinto, RT; Rodrigues, SF;

Wiggelinkhuizen, E;

Scherrer, R; Bauer, P;

Pierik, J

Operation and Power Flow Control of Multi-

Terminal DC Networks for Grid Integration of

Offshore Wind Farms Using Genetic Algorithms

ENERGIES 2013

Budischak, C; Sewell, D;

Thomson, H; Mach, L;

Veron, DE; Kempton, W

Cost-minimized combinations of wind power,

solar power and electrochemical storage,

powering the grid up to 99.9% of the time

JOURNAL OF POWER

SOURCES

2013

Xenarios, G;

Papadopoulos, P; Tzen, E

Wind desalination for the Island of Mykonos in

Greece: a case study

DESALINATION AND

WATER TREATMENT

2013

Kondili, E; Kaldellis, JK;

Paidousi, M

A multicriteria analysis for the optimal

desalination-RES system. Special focus: the small

Greek islands

DESALINATION AND

WATER TREATMENT

2013

Missimer, TM; Kim, YD;

Rachman, R; Ng, KC

Sustainable renewable energy seawater

desalination using combined-cycle solar and

DESALINATION AND

WATER TREATMENT

2013

122

geothermal heat sources

Barnes, CR; Best, MMR;

Johnson, FR; Pautet, L;

Pirenne, B

Challenges, Benefits, and Opportunities in

Installing and Operating Cabled Ocean

Observatories: Perspectives From NEPTUNE

Canada

IEEE JOURNAL OF

OCEANIC ENGINEERING

2013

VanZwieten, JH;

Vanrietvelde, N; Hacker,

BL

Numerical Simulation of an Experimental Ocean

Current Turbine

IEEE JOURNAL OF

OCEANIC ENGINEERING

2013

Yates, N; Walkington, I;

Burrows, R; Wolf, J

Appraising the extractable tidal energy resource

of the UK's western coastal waters

PHILOSOPHICAL

TRANSACTIONS OF THE

ROYAL SOCIETY A-

MATHEMATICAL

PHYSICAL AND

ENGINEERING SCIENCES

2013

Hughes, AD; Kelly, MS;

Black, KD; Stanley, MS

Biogas from Macroalgae: is it time to revisit the

idea?

BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR

BIOFUELS

2012

Fiaschi, D; Manfrida, G;

Secchi, R; Tempesti, D

A versatile system for offshore energy conversion

including diversified storage

ENERGY 2012

Moller, B; Sperling, K;

Nielsen, S; Smink, C;

Kerndrup, S

Creating consciousness about the opportunities

to integrate sustainable energy on islands

ENERGY 2012


H. ORGANIZATIONS IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

MEASUREMENT OF ORGANIZATIONS IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

Our organizational measurement of the MRE scientific production is the total number of apparitions

of organizations in the 630 MRE documents. This number is 1.197 apparitions of organizations. We

123

distinguish between types of organizations and classify the organizations in different geographical

levels.

TYPE OF ORGANIZATIONS IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

The total number of 1.197 apparitions of organizations is distributed in three types: UNI, RESO and

FIRM. The principal scientific actor in MRE was UNI with 72,2% of the organizations. RESO is the

second one, with 21,0% of the organizations and FIRM, the third with 6,8%.

GEOGRAPHICAL AREA OF THE ORGANIZATIONS IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

Europe was the geographical area with highest number of organizations in MRE scientific

production. One half (53%) of the apparitions of organizations was located in European countries.

The second was America, with one quarter of the apparitions of organizations (24%). Asia was the

third (15,3%) and Rest of the World had 7,7%. Inside Europe, the European Union was important,

with small difference between countries with (23,1%) and without Atlantic Regions (23,9%).

Apparitions of Organizations in MRE Scientific Prod uction(Total= 1.197 apparitions of organizations)


FIRM

RESO

UNIV

6,8%

21,0%

72,2%

124

COUNTRIES OF THE ORGANIZATIONS IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

In the world we find 78 countries with apparitions of organizations in MRE scientific production. USA

was the country with more apparitions of organizations. Then England, China, Netherlands, Scotland

and Spain were very active.

Apparitions of Organizations by Geographical Areas in MRE Scientific Production(Total= 1.197 apparitions of organizations)


EU-ATLANTIC

EU-NON-ATL

EUR-NON-EU

AMERICA ASIA

REST WORLD

23,1%

23,9%

6,0%

24,0% 15,3%

7,7%

125

TYPE OF ORGANIZATIONS AND GEOGRAPHICAL AREAS OF THE ORGANIZATIONS PARTICIPATING IN


UNI was the organizational type more important in all the geographical areas in the world. But it is

interesting to know also the higher presence of RESO in Europe and America and FIRM in the

European Union and America.

Apparitions of Organizations by Country in MRE Scie ntific Production(Total= 1.197 apparitions of organizations)


USAEngland

Peoples R ChinaNetherlands

ScotlandSpain

GermanySwedenCanadaGreece

ItalyDenmark

NorwayTaiwan

South KoreaFranceIreland

IndiaPortugal

TurkeyAustralia

JapanMalaysia

Other 55 Countries

0 5 10 15 20

18,48

4,94,5

4,34,1

3,83,73,6

2,82,82,72,72,7

2,52,12

1,71,71,71,6

1,31,3

16,2

%

126

ORGANIZATIONS FROM EU ATLANTIC COUNTRIES IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

Apparitions by Type and Geographical Areas in MRE S cientific Production (1/2)(Totals in each geographical area)


7,9%

20,9%

71,2%

EU-ATLANTIC

9,8%

24,1%

66,1%

EU-NON-ATL

2,8%

23,6%

73,6%

EUR-NON-EU

FIRM RESO UNIV

Apparitions by Type and Geographical Areas in MRE S cientific Production (2/2)(Totals in each geographical area)


9,1%

22,3%

68,6%

AMERICA

0,5%

15,8%

83,7%

ASIA

2,2%

15,2%

82,6%

REST WORLD

FIRM RESO UNIV

127

It is worthy emphasizing the division of United Kingdom in four parts (England, Scotland, Wales and

North Ireland). All together compounded a share of 14% and gave to UK a very significant position in

the world. Spain was also important in the MRE scientific production.

TYPE OF ORGANIZATIONS AND EU ATLANTIC COUNTRIES IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

UNI was the first organizational type in all countries. FIRM had good presence in England, Scotland

and France and RESO was significant in France, Portugal and Spain.

Apparitions of Organizations by EU Atlantic Country in MRE Scientific Productio(Total= 1.197 apparitions of organizations)


England

Scotland

Spain

France

Ireland

Portugal

Wales

North Ireland

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

8

4,3

4,1

2,1

2

1,7

0,8

0,1

%

128

ORGANIZATIONS FROM ENGLAND IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

Apparitions by Types and EU Atlantic Country in MRE Scientific Production. 1/2(Totals in each Atlantic Eu Country)


8,3%

13,5%

78,2%

England

11,5%

21,2%

67,3%

Scotland

10,0%

90,0%

Wales

100,0%

North Ireland

FIRM RESO UNIV

Apparitions by Types and EU Atlantic Country in MRE Scientific Production. 2/2(Totals in each Atlantic Eu Country)


12,0%

36,0%

52,0%

France

4,2%

16,7%

79,1%

Ireland

5,0%

25,0%

70,0%

Portugal

6,1%

30,6%

63,3%

Spain

FIRM RESO UNIV

129

We refer here only information about organizations participating in the MRE scientific production

and not all the apparitions of the organizations. If the organization has several addresses or

departments, we consider only one.

– Amec, Knutsford WA16 8QZ, Cheshire, England – Assoc Conservat Energy, London N1 8PT, England – Black & Veatch Consulting Engineers, Chester, Cheshire, England – British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge, England – Bryte Energy Ltd, Loughborough Innovat Ctr, Loughborough, Leics, England – Converteam UK Ltd, Rugby, England – Cranfield Univ, Environm Sci & Technol Dept, Sch Appl Sci, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England – Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England – Energy Consultant, Lewes BN7 1LR, E Sussex, England – Loughborough Univ Technol, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Ctr Renewable Energy Syst Technol,

Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England – Marine Biol Assoc UK, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England – Marine Current Turbines Ltd, Bristol BS34 8PD, Avon, England – Natl Energy Fdn, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England – Natl Oceanog Ctr, Liverpool L3 5DA, Merseyside, England – Open Univ, CEPSAR, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England – Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England – Proudman Oceanog Lab, Liverpool L3 5DA, Merseyside, England – Sheffield Hallam Univ, Dept Architecture & Planning, Sheffield S1 1WB, S Yorkshire, England – Sir Robert McAlpine Ltd, Energy Board Inst Civil Engineers & Engn Consulta, Hemel Hempstead HP2

7TR, Herts, England – STFC Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England – SW England Reg Dev Agcy, Exeter, Devon, England – UCL, Dept Mech Engn, London, England – Univ Bath, Bath BA2 4JB, Avon, England – Univ Birmingham, Ctr Evidence Based Conservat, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands,

England – Univ Cambridge, Dept Biochem, Cambridge CB2 1QW, England – Univ Durham, Sci Labs, Sch Biol & Biomed Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England – Univ Exeter, Camborne Sch Mines, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England – Univ Hull, Inst Estuarine & Coastal Studies, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England – Univ Leeds, Energy & Resources Res Inst, Sch Proc Environm & Mat Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire,

England – Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England – Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Appl Modelling & Computat Grp, Dept Earth Sci & Engn,

London SW7 2AZ, England – Univ Loughborough, CREST, Loughborough, Leics, England – Univ Manchester, Joule Ctr, Sch Mech Aerosp & Civil Engn, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England – Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear,

England – Univ Nottingham, Fac Engn, Div Mech Mat & Struct, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England – Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Oxford OX1 2JD, England – Univ Plymouth, Inst Marine, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England – Univ Sheffield, Dept Psychol, Sheffield S10 2TP, S Yorkshire, England – Univ Southampton, Fac Engn & Environm, Southampton S017 1BJ, Hants, England – Univ Warwick, Sch Engn, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England – Univ York, Dept Environm, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England

– Whale & Dolphin Conservat Soc, Chippenham SN15 1LY, Wilts, England

130

ORGANIZATIONS FROM SCOTLAND IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES




– BMT Cordah Ltd, Bridge Don, Aberdeen AB23 8HG, Scotland – Cetacean Res & Rescue Unit, Banff AB45 3WB, Scotland – Hebridean Whale & Dolphin Trust, Isle Of Mull PA75 6NU, Argyll, Scotland – Heriot Watt Univ, Int Ctr Isl Technol, Stromness KW16 3AW, Orkney, Scotland – Highlands & Islands Enterprise, Inverness, Scotland – Inst Technol & Engn, Dundee DD2 2HP, Scotland – Joint Nat Conservat Comm, Aberdeen AB11 9QA, Scotland – Ketos Ecol, Aberdeen AB24 1WS, Scotland – Napier Univ, Sch Engn, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, Midlothian, Scotland – Nat Power Consultants Ltd, Dalry, Castle Douglas, Scotland – Nautricity Ltd, Glasgow G1 5GH, Lanark, Scotland – Pelamis Wave Power Ltd, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland – SAC Vet Serv, Wildlife Unit, Inverness IV2 4JZ, Scotland – Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Dunstaffnage Marine Lab, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland – Talisman Energy UK Ltd, Aberdeen AB10 6BZ, Scotland – Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Cromarty IV11 8YJ, Ross, Scotland – Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland – Univ Glasgow, Boyd Orr Ctr Populat & Ecosyst Hlth, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat Med, Coll

Med Vet & Life Sci, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland – Univ Highlands and Islands, N Highland Coll, Environm Res Inst, Thurso KW14 7JD, Caithness, Scotland – Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland – Univ Stirling, Beta Ctr, Stirling FK9 4NF, Scotland – Univ Strathclyde, Ctr Publ Policy Reg, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland

– WDCS Wildlife Ctr, Whale & Dolphin Conservat Soc, Spey Bay IV32 7PJ, Moray, Scotland

ORGANIZATIONS FROM WALES IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES




– Bangor Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Sch Ocean Sci, Menai Bridge LL59 5AB, Gwynedd, Wales – Cardiff Univ, Sch Engn, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales – Sea Watch Fdn, Amlwch LL68 9SD, Isle Of Anglese, Wales – Swansea Univ, Sch Engn, Ctr Complex Fluids Proc, Swansea, W Glam, Wales

ORGANIZATIONS FROM NORTH IRELAND IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES




131

– Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Civil Engn, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland

ORGANIZATIONS FROM FRANCE IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES




– CNRS, UMR 5007, Lab Automat & Genie Procedes, Villeurbanne, France – Domaine Univ, G2ELab, Grenoble Inst Technol, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France – EDF R&D, LNHE, F-78400 Chatou, France – Egis Eau, F-34965 Montpellier 2, France – ESCPE Lyon, Villeurbanne, France – French Naval Acad, EA IRENav 3634, F-29240 Brest 9, France – Hosp Castelluccio, Radiotherapy Unit, F-20177 Ajaccio, France – IFREMER, Ctr Brest, Mat & Struct Grp, F-29280 Plouzane, France – INRA, Lab Biotechnol Environm, UMR050, F-11100 Narbonne, France – Lab Sols, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France – MINES ParisTech, F-06904 Sophia Antipolis, France – Museum Hist Nat Bourges, Soc Etud & Protect Mammiferes, F-18000 Bourges, France – Nancy Univ, Nancy, France – Univ Brest, EA LBMS 4325, F-29238 Brest 03, France – Univ Bretagne Sud, LIMATB Lab Ingn Mat Bretagne, F-56321 Lorient, France – Univ Corsica, CNRS, SPE, UMR 6134, F-20250 Corte, France – Univ Le Havre, Lab Ondes & Milieux Complexes, UMR CNRS 6294, Equipe Acoust Sous Marine, F-

76610 Le Havre, France – Univ Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France – Univ Montpellier 3, UMR CEFE 5175, Dep Biol Ecol Environm, F-34199 Montpellier 5, France

– Univ Perpignan, ELIAUS Lab, F-66860 Perpignan, France

ORGANIZATIONS FROM IRELAND IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES




– Dublin City Univ, MPRC, Sch Mech & Mfg Engn, Dublin 9, Ireland – Dublin Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Dublin 1, Ireland – EirGrid Plc, Transmiss Syst Operator, The Oval, Dublin 4, Ireland – Inst Technol Blanchardstown, Sch Informat & Engn, Dublin 15, Ireland – Natl Univ Ireland Maynooth, Dept Elect Engn, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland – Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Environm Res Inst, Cork, Ireland – NUI Maynooth, Dept Elect Engn, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland – TEAGASC, Crops Environm & Land Use Programme, Carlow, Ireland – Trinity Coll Dublin, Ctr Environm, Dublin 2, Ireland – Univ Coll Cork UCC, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Sustainable Energy Res Grp, Cork, Ireland – Univ Coll Dublin, Charles Parsons Energy Res Programme, Bioresources Res Ctr, Sch Agr Food Sci & Vet

Med, Dublin 4, Ireland – Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Econ, Dublin 2, Ireland – Univ Limerick, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, CPI Energy & Sustainable Environm, Limerick, Ireland

132

ORGANIZATIONS FROM PORTUGAL IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES




– Ctr Portugues Estudo Mamiferos Marinhos, Projecto Delfim, P-1400009 Lisbon, Portugal – ESAC, Inst Politecn Coimbra, Dept Ciencia Exactas & Ambiente CERNAS, P-3040316 Coimbra, Portugal – Grp SGC, SGC Energia, CI&D Ctr Inovacao & Desenvolvimento SA, P-9760909 Praia Da Vitoria, Portugal – Inst Conservacao Nat & Biodiversidade, P-1150294 Lisbon, Portugal – Inst Nacl Engn Tecnol & Inovacao, P-1649038 Lisbon, Portugal – Inst Politecn Viseu, P-3504510 Viseu, Portugal – Inst Super Engn Coimbra, Dept Engn Mech, P-3030199 Coimbra, Portugal – Inst Super Tecn, Dept Mech Engn, Lisbon, Portugal – Portuguese Navy, Ctr Data, Inst Hidrog, P-1249093 Lisbon, Portugal – Univ Aveiro, Dept Civil Engn, CESAM Ctr Environm & Marine Studies, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal – Univ Evora, Dept Phys, P-7000671 Evora, Portugal – Univ Porto, Inst Hydraul & Water Resources, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal – Univ Tecn Lisboa, Ctr Marine Technol & Engn CENTEC, Inst Super Tecn, Lisbon, Portugal – Wave Energy Ctr, P-1000201 Lisbon, Portugal

ORGANIZATIONS FROM SPAIN IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES




– ABENGOA SEAPOWER, CIL Torrecuellar, Seville, Spain – Basque Energy Board, Renewable Energy Div, Bilbao, Spain – CIS MADEIRA, Innovat & Technol Area, Orense 32901, Spain – CSIC, Inst Catalysis, Madrid, Spain – Ctr Int Invest Recursos Costaners, Barcelona 08034, Spain – Environm Hydraul Inst IH Cantabria, Santander, Spain – European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Seville, Spain – Fdn Cajamar Las Palmerillas, Estn Expt, El Ejido 04710, Almeria, Spain – FINSA, Santiago De Compostela 15890, Spain – Grp MTORRES, Navarra, Spain – Inst Tecnol Canarias, Div Invest & Desarrollo Tecnol, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain – IRTA Res & Technol Food & Agr, Cabrils Barcelona 08348, Spain – Parque Nat Serra Gelada & Entorno Litoral, Benidorm 03501, Alicante, Spain – Tecnalia Res & Innovat, Derio 48160, Spain – Tech Univ Madrid, Sch Ind Engn, Dept Business Adm, Madrid 28006, Spain – Univ A Coruna, EPS, Ferrol 15403, Spain – Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Sch Engn, Inst Environm Sci & Technol ICTA, SosteniPrA UAB IRTA Inedit, E-

08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain – Univ Basque Country UPV EHU, Automat Control Grp, Dept Automat Control & Syst Engn, Escuela Univ

Ingn Tecn Ind Bilbao, Bilbao 48012, Spain – Univ Cantabria, Environm Hydraul Inst IH Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain – Univ Jaen, Dept Elect, EPS Jaen, Grp Invest & Desarrollo Energia Solar & Automat, Jaen 23071, Spain

133

– Univ Miguel Hernandez, Div Ecol, Dpto Biol Aplicada, Elche 03202, Alicante, Spain – Univ Politecn Cartagena UPCT, Dept Syst Engn & Automat, Cartagena Murcia, Spain – Univ Politecn Cataluna, Lab Engn Maritima, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain – Univ Politecn Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain – Univ Rovira Virgili, Dept Engn Quim, Tarragona 43007, Spain – Univ Santiago Compostela, EPS, Lugo, Spain – Univ Vigo, Dpto Ecol & Biol Anim, Vigo 36310, Pontevedra, Spain

– Univ Zaragoza, Dept Mech Engn, CIRCE Fdn, Zaragoza 50018, Spain

I. AUTHORS IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

MEASUREMENTS OF SCIENTIFIC AUTHORS IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

The total number of apparitions of authors in the MRE scientific production was 2.206. One author

can be included several times if he or she appears in different scientific documents, is collaborating

with different organizations or is assigned to different countries.

GEOGRAPHICAL AREA OF THE SCIENTIFIC AUTHORS IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

Europe reached 58,4% in apparitions of authors in MRE scientific production. America was the

20,3%; Asia, 14,9% and Rest of the World, 6,4%. EU Countries with Atlantic Region had a high

percentage of 28% of the scientific authors.

134

COUNTRIES OF THE SCIENTIFIC AUTHORS IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

The United States of America seemed to be the country with the highest percentage of MRE

scientific authors (15%), but really the first was United Kingdom, with the aggregation of England,

Scotland, North Ireland and Wales (17,8%).

Authors in MRE Scientific Production by Geographica l Area(Total= 2.206 scientific authors)


EU-ATLANTIC

EU-NON-ATL

EUR-NON-EU

AMERICA

ASIA

REST WORLD

28,0%

22,8%

7,6%

20,3%

14,9%

6,4%

135

EU ATLANTIC COUNTRIES OF THE SCIENTIFIC AUTHORS IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

It was very important the first position of United Kingdom in the world and also it is outstanding the

good performance of Spain in the MRE scientific community, with the 5,1% of the apparitions of

authors.

Authors in MRE Scientific Production by Country(Total= 2.206 scientific authors)


USAEngland

NetherlandsScotland

Peoples R ChinaSpain

ItalySweden

GermanyCanadaGreece

DenmarkFrance

South KoreaIndia

IrelandNorwayTaiwan

AustraliaMalaysiaPortugal

TurkeyWalesJapan

Rest of 54 Countries

0 5 10 15

15,710,2

5,55,35,3

5,14,2

43,6

32,92,82,7

2,22222

1,51,31,31,31,2

111,8

%

136

SCIENTIFIC AUTHORS FROM ENGLAND IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

We include in the list the same author several times if appears in different scientific documents,

different organizations or different countries.

Aggarwal, Raj Univ Bath, Elect & Elect Engn Dept, Bath BA2 4JB, Avon, England

Ainslie, Mark Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England

Alderson, Helen Univ Bath, Dept Mech Engn, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England

Ashton, I. G. C. Univ Exeter, CEMPS, Renewable Energy Grp, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England

Atlar, M. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU,

Tyne & Wear, England

Attrill, Martin J. Univ Plymouth, Marine Biol & Ecol Res Ctr, PRIMaRE, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Attrill, Martin J. Univ Plymouth, Peninsula Res Inst Marine Renewable Energy PRIMaR, Inst Marine,

Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Attrill, Martin J. Univ Plymouth, Inst Marine, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Attrill, M. Univ Plymouth, PRIMaRE, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Attrill, M. J. Univ Plymouth, Inst Marine, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Authors from EU-Atlantic Countries in MRE Scientifi c Production (Total= 2.206 scientific authors)


England

Scotland

Spain

France

Ireland

Portugal

Wales

North Ireland

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

10,2

5,3

5,1

2,7

2

1,3

1,2

0,1

%

137

Bahaj, Abubakr S. Univ Southampton, Sustainable Energy Res Grp, Sch Civil Engn & Environm,

Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England

Bahaj, AbuBakr S. Univ Southampton, Sustainable Energy Res Grp, Energy & Climate Change Div, Sch Civil

Engn & Environm, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England

Barber, R. W. STFC Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England

Bartlett, M. Cranfield Univ, Environm Sci & Technol Dept, Sch Appl Sci, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds,

England

Barton, John Univ Loughborough, CREST, Loughborough, Leics, England

Bauguitte, S. J. -B. British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge, England

Bearhop, Stuart Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, PRIMaRE, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England

Bearhop, S. Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, England

Belmont, M. Univ Exeter, PRIMaRE, Penryn, Cornwall, England

Bombelli, Paolo Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem Engn & Biotechnol, Cambridge CB2 3RA, England

Boyd, S. W. Univ Southampton, Fluid Struct Interact Res Grp, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England

Broderick, Annette C. Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England

Broderick, A. C. Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, England

Brough, N. British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge, England

Brown, Vicki C. Whale & Dolphin Conservat Soc, Chippenham SN15 1LY, Wilts, England

Bubb, Damian H. Univ Durham, Sci Labs, Sch Biol & Biomed Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England

Burrows, Richard Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England

Burrows, Richard Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England

Burrows, Richard Univ Liverpool, Sch Engn, Ctr Engn Sustainabil, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England

Burrows, R. Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 3GQ, Merseyside, England

Byrne, Byron W. Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Oxford OX1 2JD, England

Byrne, Byron W. Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Oxford OX1 3PJ, England

Chadwick, A. Univ Plymouth, PRIMaRE, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Chantzidakis, Matthew UCL, Dept Mech Engn, London, England

Chen, Haisheng Univ Leeds, Inst Particle Sci & Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England

Chen, Y. Univ Plymouth, Sch Marine Sci & Engn, Coastal Engn Res Grp, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon,

England

138

Cockerill, Tim Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Energy Policy & Technol, London SW7

2AZ, England

Coles, Christopher F. Univ Birmingham, Ctr Evidence Based Conservat, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W

Midlands, England

Coles, Stuart R. Univ Warwick, WMG, Int Mfg Ctr, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England

Conley, D. Univ Plymouth, PRIMaRE, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Conley, D. C. Univ Plymouth, Inst Marine, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Coombs, Tim Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England

Cotterell, S. P. Univ Plymouth, Inst Marine, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Cotterell, S. P. Marine Biol Assoc UK, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England

Cousens, Sophie L. Univ Plymouth, Inst Marine, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Cranston, Gemma R. Univ Bath, Dept Mech Engn, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England

Crook, Julia A. Univ Leeds, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W

Yorkshire, England

Crook, Rolf Univ Leeds, Energy & Resources Res Inst, Sch Proc Environm & Mat Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT,

W Yorkshire, England

Crow, E. Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England

Cutts, Nick D. Univ Hull, Inst Estuarine & Coastal Studies, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside,

England

Delorm, T. M. Univ Durham, Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England

Devine-Wright, Patrick Univ Exeter, Sch Geog, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England

Ding, Yulong Univ Leeds, Inst Particle Sci & Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England

Drew, B. Univ Bath, Dept Mech Engn, Bath BA2 7AY, Banes, England

Ducrotoy, Jean-Paul Univ Hull, Inst Estuarine & Coastal Studies, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside,

England

Ebsworth, Richard Univ Warwick, WMG, Int Mfg Ctr, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England

Eccleston, A. Univ Plymouth, PRIMaRE, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Edwards, Neil R. Open Univ, CEPSAR, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England

Ehlers, Melf-Hinrich Univ York, Dept Environm, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England

Eiser, J. Richard Univ Sheffield, Dept Psychol, Sheffield S10 2TP, S Yorkshire, England

Elliott, Michael Univ Hull, Inst Estuarine & Coastal Studies, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside,

139

England

Elliott, Mike Univ Hull, Inst Estuarine & Coastal Studies, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside,

England

Emerson, D. R. STFC Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England

Evans, Martin Univ Southampton, nCATS, Sch Engn Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England

Fisher, Adrian C. Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem Engn & Biotechnol, Cambridge CB2 3RA, England

Forster, Piers M. Univ Leeds, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W

Yorkshire, England

Fraenkel, P. L. Marine Current Turbines Ltd, Bristol BS34 8PD, Avon, England

Frey, M. M. British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge, England

Gall, Sarah C. Univ Plymouth, Inst Marine, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Gammon, Rupert Bryte Energy Ltd, Loughborough Innovat Ctr, Loughborough, Leics, England

Garvey, Seamus D. Univ Nottingham, Fac Engn, Div Mech Mat & Struct, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England

Gibson, Emma Cranfield Univ, Sch Appl Sci, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England

Gill, Andrew B. Cranfield Univ, Sch Appl Sci, Dept Nat Resources, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England

Gill, A. B. Cranfield Univ, Environm Sci & Technol Dept, Sch Appl Sci, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds,

England

Godley, Brendan J. Univ Exeter, PRIMaRE, Sch Biosci, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England

Godley, Brendan J. Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England

Godley, B. Univ Exeter, PRIMaRE, Penryn, Cornwall, England

Godley, B. J. Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, England

Gonzalez-Garcia, Sara Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Life Sci, Div Biol, London SW7 2AZ,

England

Greaves, D. Univ Plymouth, PRIMaRE, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Grecian, W. James Univ Plymouth, Marine Biol & Ecol Res Ctr, PRIMaRE, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Grecian, W. James Univ Plymouth, Inst Marine, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Grecian, W. J. Univ Plymouth, Inst Marine, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Greenacre, Philip Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Energy Policy & Technol, London SW7

2AZ, England

Green, Richard Univ Birmingham, Dept Econ, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England

140

Gross, Robert Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Energy Policy & Technol, London SW7

2AZ, England

Guertler, Pedro Assoc Conservat Energy, London N1 8PT, England

Gu, X. -J. STFC Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England

Halsband, C. Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England

Hammond, Geoffrey P. Univ Bath, Dept Mech Engn, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England

Harrington, N. SW England Reg Dev Agcy, Exeter, Devon, England

Hayes, Sandra Natl Energy Fdn, Milton Keynes, Bucks, England

Ha, Kyong Univ Durham, Sci Labs, Sch Biol & Biomed Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England

Hedges, T. S. Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 3GQ, Merseyside, England

Heptonstall, Philip Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Energy Policy & Technol, London SW7

2AZ, England

Hodgson, David J. Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England

Hodgson, D. J. Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, England

Holt, J. Proudman Oceanog Lab, Liverpool L3 5DA, Merseyside, England

Horsburgh, K. J. Natl Oceanog Ctr, Liverpool L3 5DA, Merseyside, England

Hor, C. L. Univ Exeter, PRIMaRE, Penryn, Cornwall, England

Hosegood, P. Univ Plymouth, PRIMaRE, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Hosegood, P. Univ Plymouth, Inst Marine, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Houlsby, Guy T. Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Oxford OX1 2JD, England

Houlsby, Guy T. Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Oxford OX1 3PJ, England

Howe, Christopher J. Univ Cambridge, Dept Biochem, Cambridge CB2 1QW, England

Howsam, Peter Cranfield Univ, Sch Appl Sci, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England

Iglesias, G. Univ Plymouth, Sch Marine Sci & Engn, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Inger, Richard Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England

Inger, R. Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, England

Jang, Min-Ho Univ Durham, Sci Labs, Sch Biol & Biomed Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England

Jay, Stephen Sheffield Hallam Univ, Dept Architecture & Planning, Sheffield S1 1WB, S Yorkshire,

England

141

Johanning, Lars Univ Exeter, Renewable Energy Res Grp, CEMPS Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Penryn TR10

9EZ, England

Johanning, Lars Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Renewable Energy Grp, Penryn TR10 9EZ,

England

Johanning, L. Univ Exeter, PRIMaRE, Penryn, Cornwall, England

Jones, A. Black & Veatch Consulting Engineers, Chester, Cheshire, England

Jones, A. E. British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge, England

Jones, Christopher R. Univ Sheffield, Dept Psychol, Sheffield S10 2TP, S Yorkshire, England

Jones, Laura A. Univ Leeds, Energy & Resources Res Inst, Sch Proc Environm & Mat Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT,

W Yorkshire, England

Kerr, David Sir Robert McAlpine Ltd, Energy Board Inst Civil Engineers & Engn Consulta, Hemel

Hempstead HP2 7TR, Herts, England

Kirwan, Kerry Univ Warwick, WMG, Int Mfg Ctr, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England

Li, X. Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Sustainabil Res Inst, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire,

England

Li, Yongliang Univ Leeds, Inst Particle Sci & Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England

Lucas, Martyn C. Univ Durham, Sci Labs, Sch Biol & Biomed Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England

Magar, V. Univ Plymouth, Sch Marine Sci & Engn, Coastal Engn Res Grp, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon,

England

Mander, Lucas Univ Hull, Inst Estuarine & Coastal Studies, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside,

England

Mangi, Stephen C. Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England

Masters, Jerome E. G. Univ Durham, Sci Labs, Sch Biol & Biomed Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England

Maxfield, D. J. British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge, England

McCormick, Alistair J. Univ Cambridge, Dept Biochem, Cambridge CB2 1QW, England

McLachlan, Carly Univ Manchester, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England

Mendao, Vera Univ Hull, Inst Estuarine & Coastal Studies, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside,

England

Meredith, James Univ Warwick, WMG, Int Mfg Ctr, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England

Milborrow, D. J. Energy Consultant, Lewes BN7 1LR, E Sussex, England

Millar, D. Univ Exeter, PRIMaRE, Penryn, Cornwall, England

142

Miller, P. I. Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England

Mills, Cheryl Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England

Mitchell, C. Univ Exeter, Energy Policy Grp, Penryn TR10 9EZ, England

Moulinec, C. STFC Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England

Muetze, Annette Univ Warwick, Sch Engn, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England

Nicholls-Lee, R. F. Univ Southampton, Fluid Struct Interact Res Grp, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England

Pan, S. Univ Plymouth, PRIMaRE, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Pan, S. Univ Plymouth, Sch Marine Sci & Engn, Coastal Engn Res Grp, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon,

England

Perez-Dominguez,

Rafael

Univ Hull, Inst Estuarine & Coastal Studies, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside,

England

Phelps, Anna Univ Hull, Inst Estuarine & Coastal Studies, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside,

England

Philips, Alexander J. Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem Engn & Biotechnol, Cambridge CB2 3RA, England

Pickering, M. D. Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton SO14 3ZH,

Hants, England

Plummer, A. R. Univ Bath, Dept Mech Engn, Bath BA2 7AY, Banes, England

Pullin, Andrew S. Univ Birmingham, Ctr Evidence Based Conservat, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W

Midlands, England

Reeve, D. Univ Plymouth, PRIMaRE, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Reeve, D. E. Univ Plymouth, Sch Marine Sci & Engn, Coastal Engn Res Grp, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon,

England

Roscoe, H. K. British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge, England

Rose, M. C. British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge, England

Rowley, Paul N. Loughborough Univ Technol, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Ctr Renewable Energy Syst

Technol, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England

Sahinkaya, M. N. Univ Bath, Dept Mech Engn, Bath BA2 7AY, Banes, England

Sampson, R. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU,


Saulnier, J-B. Univ Exeter, CEMPS, Renewable Energy Grp, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England

Schonborn, Alessandro UCL, Dept Mech Engn, London, England

143

Scott, Amanda M. Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem Engn & Biotechnol, Cambridge CB2 3RA, England

Sheehan, Emma Univ Plymouth, Marine Biol & Ecol Res Ctr, PRIMaRE, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Sheehan, Emma V. Univ Plymouth, Inst Marine, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Sheehan, Emma V. Univ Plymouth, Peninsula Res Inst Marine Renewable Energy PRIMaR, Inst Marine,

Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Sheehan, E. V. Univ Plymouth, Inst Marine, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Shenoi, Ajit Univ Southampton, Fac Engn & Environm, Southampton S017 1BJ, Hants, England

Simmonds, D. J. Univ Plymouth, Sch Marine Sci & Engn, Coastal Engn Res Grp, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon,

England

Simmonds, Mark Peter Whale & Dolphin Conservat Soc, Chippenham SN15 1LY, Wilts, England

Sims, D. W. Marine Biol Assoc UK, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England

Sims, D. W. Univ Plymouth, Inst Marine, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Siu, Y. L. Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Sustainabil Res Inst, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire,

England

Smith, Alison G. Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EA, England

Smith, George H. Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Renewable Energy Grp, Penryn TR10 9EZ,

England

Smith, George H. Univ Exeter, Renewable Energy Res Grp, CEMPS Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Penryn TR10

9EZ, England

Smith, G. Univ Exeter, PRIMaRE, Penryn, Cornwall, England

Smith, G. H. Univ Exeter, CEMPS, Renewable Energy Grp, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England

Smith, Helen C. M. Univ Exeter, Camborne Sch Mines, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England

Stallard, Tim Univ Manchester, Joule Ctr, Sch Mech Aerosp & Civil Engn, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs,

England

Stephens, Richard I. Converteam UK Ltd, Rugby, England

Stewart, Gavin B. Univ Birmingham, Ctr Evidence Based Conservat, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W

Midlands, England

Tavner, P. J. Univ Durham, Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England

Thies, Philipp R. Univ Exeter, Renewable Energy Res Grp, CEMPS Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Penryn TR10

9EZ, England

Thies, Philipp R. Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Renewable Energy Grp, Penryn TR10 9EZ,

England

144

Thompson, R. C. Univ Plymouth, Inst Marine, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Toke, David Univ Birmingham, Dept Polit & Int Studies, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England

Townsend, Nicholas Univ Southampton, Fac Engn & Environm, Southampton S017 1BJ, Hants, England

Turnock, Stephen R. Univ Southampton, Fluid Struct Interact Res Grp, Sch Engn Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ,

Hants, England

Turnock, S. R. Univ Southampton, Fluid Struct Interact Res Grp, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England

Vanstaen, K. Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England

Vasilakos, Nicholas Univ Birmingham, Dept Econ, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England

Villalobos, Felipe A. Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Oxford OX1 2JD, England

Villalobos, Felipe A. Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Oxford OX1 3PJ, England

Vire, Axelle Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Appl Modelling & Computat Grp, Dept

Earth Sci & Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England

Votier, Stephen C. Univ Plymouth, Marine Biol & Ecol Res Ctr, PRIMaRE, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Votier, Stephen C. Univ Plymouth, Inst Marine, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Votier, S. C. Univ Plymouth, Inst Marine, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Walkington, Ian Proudman Oceanog Lab, Liverpool, Merseyside, England

Walkington, Ian Univ Liverpool, Sch Engn, Ctr Engn Sustainabil, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England

Walkington, I. A. Proudman Oceanog Lab, Liverpool L3 5DA, Merseyside, England

Wang, D. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU,


Wang, Ling Univ Southampton, nCATS, Sch Engn Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England

Watson, Simon J. Loughborough Univ Technol, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Ctr Renewable Energy Syst

Technol, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England

Wells, N. C. Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton SO14 3ZH,

Hants, England

Wheeler, David Univ Plymouth, Plymouth Business Sch, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Williams, J. Univ Plymouth, PRIMaRE, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Williams, J. Univ Exeter, PRIMaRE, Penryn, Cornwall, England

Wilson, Jennifer C. Univ Hull, Inst Estuarine & Coastal Studies, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside,

England

Wilson, Jennifer C. Amec, Knutsford WA16 8QZ, Cheshire, England

145

Witt, Matthew J. Univ Exeter, PRIMaRE, Sch Biosci, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England

Witt, Matthew J. Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, Cornwall, England

Witt, M. J. Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, England

Wolff, E. W. British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge, England

Wolfram, J. Univ Plymouth, PRIMaRE, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Wolf, Judith Natl Oceanog Ctr, Liverpool L3 5DA, Merseyside, England

Wolf, J. Proudman Oceanog Lab, Liverpool L3 5DA, Merseyside, England

Woodman, B. Univ Exeter, Energy Policy Grp, Penryn TR10 9EZ, England

Wood, Benjamin M. Univ Warwick, WMG, Int Mfg Ctr, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England

Wood, Robert J. K. Univ Southampton, nCATS, Sch Engn Sci, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England

Xu, J. Univ Plymouth, PRIMaRE, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

Yates, Nick Univ Liverpool, Sch Engn, Ctr Engn Sustainabil, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England

Yates, N. C. Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 3GQ, Merseyside, England

Yuan, Weijia Univ Bath, Elect & Elect Engn Dept, Bath BA2 4JB, Avon, England

Zacharioudaki, A. Univ Plymouth, Sch Marine Sci & Engn, Coastal Engn Res Grp, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon,

England

Zappala, D. Univ Durham, Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England

Zhang, Huiming Univ Bath, Elect & Elect Engn Dept, Bath BA2 4JB, Avon, England

Zhang, Xinjing Univ Leeds, Inst Particle Sci & Engn, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England

Zhu, Jiahui Univ Bath, Bath BA2 4JB, Avon, England

Zobaa, A. Univ Exeter, PRIMaRE, Penryn, Cornwall, England

Zou, Q. Univ Plymouth, PRIMaRE, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

SCIENTIFIC AUTHORS FROM SCOTLAND IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES



Alexander, Karen A. Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland

Alexander, Karen A. Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Scottish Marine Inst, Oban, Argyll, Scotland

146

Allan, Grant Univ Strathclyde, Dept Econ, Fraser Allander Inst, Glasgow G4 0GE, Lanark, Scotland

Allan, Grant Univ Strathclyde, Dept Econ, Fraser Allander Inst, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland

Allan, Grant J. Univ Strathclyde, Fraser Allander Inst, Dept Econ, Glasgow G4 0GE, Lanark, Scotland

Asif, M. Napier Univ, Sch Engn, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, Midlothian, Scotland

Bailey, Helen Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Lighthouse Field Stn, Cromarty IV11 8YJ, Ross,

Scotland

Bailey, Helen Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Cromarty IV11 8YJ, Ross, Scotland

Barton, Tim Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Cromarty IV11 8YJ, Ross, Scotland

Beharie, Robert Heriot Watt Univ, Int Ctr Isl Technol, Stromness KW16 3AW, Orkney, Scotland

Bell, Michael C. Heriot Watt Univ, Int Ctr Isl Technol, Stromness KW16 3AW, Orkney, Scotland

Black, Kenneth D. Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Scottish Marine Inst, Dept Ecol, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll,

Scotland

Bransby, M. F. Univ Dundee, Div Civil Engn, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland

Bryden, Ian Univ Edinburgh, Sch Engn & Elect, Inst Energy Syst, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, Midlothian,

Scotland

Bryden, I. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Energy Syst, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, Midlothian, Scotland

Bullman, Rhys Univ Stirling, Beta Ctr, Stirling FK9 4NF, Scotland

Cheney, Barbara Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Lighthouse Field Stn, Cromarty IV11 8YJ,

Scotland

Clarke, J. A. Univ Strathclyde, Energy Syst Res Unit, Dept Mech Engn, Glasgow G1 1XJ, Lanark,

Scotland

Cossar, C. Univ Glasgow, Fac Engn, Glasgow G12 8LT, Lanark, Scotland

Costa, Marina Cetacean Res & Rescue Unit, Banff AB45 3WB, Scotland

Couch, S. J. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Engn, Inst Energy Syst, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, Midlothian, Scotland

Culloch, Ross M. Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Dunstaffnage Marine Lab, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland

Eisfeld, Sonja M. Cetacean Res & Rescue Unit, Banff AB45 3WB, Scotland

El-Geziry, T. M. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Energy Syst, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland

Elwen, Simon H. Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Lighthouse Field Stn, Cromarty IV11 8YJ,

Scotland

Eromenko, Igor Univ Strathclyde, Dept Econ, Fraser Allander Inst, Glasgow G4 0GE, Lanark, Scotland

Furness, Robert W. Univ Glasgow, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland

147

Gibb, Stuart W. Univ Highlands and Islands, N Highland Coll, Environm Res Inst, Thurso KW14 7JD,

Caithness, Scotland

Gilmartin, Michelle Univ Strathclyde, Dept Econ, Fraser Allander Inst, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland

Grant, A. D. Univ Strathclyde, Energy Syst Res Unit, Dept Mech Engn, Glasgow G1 1XJ, Lanark,

Scotland

Haggett, Claire Univ Edinburgh, Sch Social & Polit Sci, Edinburgh EH8 9LD, Midlothian, Scotland

Haggett, Claire Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland

Halliday, J. Ross Nat Power Consultants Ltd, Dalry, Castle Douglas, Scotland

Hall, Peter J. Univ Strathclyde, Dept Chem & Proc Engn, Glasgow G1 1XJ, Lanark, Scotland

Hammond, Philip S. Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife,

Scotland

Hammons, Thomas

James

Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0PZ, Lanark, Scotland

Harrison, G. P. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Engn, Inst Energy Syst, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, Midlothian, Scotland

Harris, Robert E. Heriot Watt Univ, Int Ctr Isl Technol, Stromness KW16 3AW, Orkney, Scotland

Haydon, Daniel T. Univ Glasgow, Boyd Orr Ctr Populat & Ecosyst Hlth, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat

Med, Coll Med Vet & Life Sci, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland

Haydon, Daniel T. Univ Glasgow, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland

Henderson, Ross Pelamis Wave Power Ltd, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland

Hughes, Adam D. Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Scottish Marine Inst, Dept Ecol, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll,

Scotland

Ingram, Simon N. Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Lighthouse Field Stn, Cromarty IV11 8YJ,

Scotland

Islas-Villanueva,

Valentina

Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife,

Scotland

Iyer, A. S. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Engn, Inst Energy Syst, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, Midlothian, Scotland

Jackson, A. C. Univ Highlands and Islands, N Highland Coll, Environm Res Inst, Thurso KW14 7JD,

Caithness, Scotland

Janik, Vincent M. Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife,

Scotland

Jeffrey, Henry Univ Edinburgh, Inst Energy Syst, Sch Engn, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland

Johnstone, Cameron Univ Strathclyde, Dept Mech Engn, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland

148

Johnstone, C. M. Nautricity Ltd, Glasgow G1 5GH, Lanark, Scotland

Kelly, Maeve S. Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Scottish Marine Inst, Dept Ecol, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll,

Scotland

Kerr, Sandy A. Heriot Watt Univ, Int Ctr Isl Technol, Stromness KW16 3AW, Orkney, Scotland

Keysan, O. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Engn, Joint Res Inst Energy, Inst Energy Syst, Edinburgh EH9 3JL,

Midlothian, Scotland

Lusseau, David Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Cromarty IV11 8YJ, Ross, Scotland

Mandleberg, Laura Hebridean Whale & Dolphin Trust, Isle Of Mull PA75 6NU, Argyll, Scotland

Masden, Elizabeth A. Univ Glasgow, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland

Masden, Elizabeth A. Univ Glasgow, Boyd Orr Ctr Populat & Ecosyst Hlth, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat


McDonald, A. Univ Strathclyde, Inst Energy & Environm, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland

McGregor, Peter Univ Strathclyde, Dept Econ, Fraser Allander Inst, Glasgow G4 0GE, Lanark, Scotland

McGregor, Peter Univ Strathclyde, Dept Econ, Fraser Allander Inst, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland

McGregor, Peter G. Univ Strathclyde, Fraser Allander Inst, Dept Econ, Glasgow G4 0GE, Lanark, Scotland

McGregor, Peter G. Univ Glasgow, Ctr Publ Policy Reg, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland

Mignard, Dimitri Univ Edinburgh, Sch Engn & Elect, Edinburgh EH9 3JK, Midlothian, Scotland

Mueller, Markus Univ Edinburgh, Sch Engn & Elect, UK Energy Res Ctr, Joint Res Inst Energy,Inst Energy

Syst, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, Midlothian, Scotland

Mueller, Markus Univ Edinburgh, Inst Energy Syst, Sch Engn, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland

Mueller, M. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Engn, Joint Res Inst Energy, Inst Energy Syst, Edinburgh EH9 3JL,


Muneer, T. Napier Univ, Sch Engn, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, Midlothian, Scotland

O'Higgins, Timothy G. Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Scottish Marine Inst, Oban, Argyll, Scotland

O'Keeffe, Aoife Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland

Osalusi, Emmanuel Heriot Watt Univ, Int Ctr Isl Technol, Stromness KW16 3AW, Orkney, Scotland

Payne, G. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Energy Syst, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, Midlothian, Scotland

Phillips, Charlie WDCS Wildlife Ctr, Whale & Dolphin Conservat Soc, Spey Bay IV32 7PJ, Moray, Scotland

Picken, Gordon BMT Cordah Ltd, Bridge Don, Aberdeen AB23 8HG, Scotland

Pizer, David Pelamis Wave Power Ltd, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland

149

Potts, Tavis Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland

Pratt, D. Nautricity Ltd, Glasgow G1 5GH, Lanark, Scotland

Pritchard, Colin Univ Edinburgh, Sch Engn & Elect, Edinburgh EH9 3JK, Midlothian, Scotland

Quick, Nicola J. Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife,

Scotland

Reeve, Richard Univ Glasgow, Boyd Orr Ctr Populat & Ecosyst Hlth, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth & Comparat


Reid, James B. Joint Nat Conservat Comm, Aberdeen AB11 9QA, Scotland

Reid, Robert J. SAC Vet Serv, Wildlife Unit, Inverness IV2 4JZ, Scotland

Retzler, Chris Pelamis Wave Power Ltd, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland

Robinson, Kevin P. Cetacean Res & Rescue Unit, Banff AB45 3WB, Scotland

Rusin, Jan Talisman Energy UK Ltd, Aberdeen AB10 6BZ, Scotland

Rusin, Jan Talisman Energy UK Ltd, Aberdeen AB10 6BZ, Scotland

Salter, S. H. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Engn & Elect, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, Midlothian, Scotland

Senior, Bridget Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Lighthouse Field Stn, Cromarty IV11 8YJ, Ross,

Scotland

Shek, J. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Engn, Joint Res Inst Energy, Inst Energy Syst, Edinburgh EH9 3JL,


Shields, Mark A. Univ Highlands and Islands, N Highland Coll, Environm Res Inst, Thurso KW14 7JD,

Caithness, Scotland

Side, Jonathan Heriot Watt Univ, Int Ctr Isl Technol, Stromness KW16 3AW, Orkney, Scotland

Simmons, Dave Talisman Energy UK Ltd, Aberdeen AB10 6BZ, Scotland

Simmons, Dave Talisman Energy UK Ltd, Aberdeen AB10 6BZ, Scotland

Smith, L. Highlands & Islands Enterprise, Inverness, Scotland

SongNgu, Sze Univ Glasgow, Fac Engn, Glasgow G12 8LT, Lanark, Scotland

Stanley, Michele S. Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Scottish Marine Inst, Dept Ecol, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll,

Scotland

Stevick, Peter T. Hebridean Whale & Dolphin Trust, Isle Of Mull PA75 6NU, Argyll, Scotland

Swales, J. Kim Univ Strathclyde, Fraser Allander Inst, Dept Econ, Glasgow G4 0GE, Lanark, Scotland

Swales, J. Kim Univ Glasgow, Ctr Publ Policy Reg, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland

Taylor, J. R. M. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Engn & Elect, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, Midlothian, Scotland

150

Theobald, C. M. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Math, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland

Thompson, Paul M. Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Lighthouse Field Stn, Cromarty IV11 8YJ, Ross,

Scotland

Thompson, Paul M. Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Lighthouse Field Stn, Cromarty IV11 8YJ,

Scotland

Thompson, Paul M. Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Cromarty IV11 8YJ, Ross, Scotland

Turner, Karen Univ Strathclyde, Fraser Allander Inst, Dept Econ, Glasgow G4 0GE, Lanark, Scotland

Wallace, A. R. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Engn, Inst Energy Syst, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, Midlothian, Scotland

Wallace, Robin Univ Edinburgh, Sch Engn & Elect, UK Energy Res Ctr, Joint Res Inst Energy,Inst Energy

Syst, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, Midlothian, Scotland

Wallace, Robin Univ Edinburgh, Sch Engn & Elect, Inst Energy Syst, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, Midlothian,

Scotland

Wallace, Robin Univ Edinburgh, Inst Energy Syst, Sch Engn, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland

Walters, Alice WDCS Wildlife Ctr, Whale & Dolphin Conservat Soc, Spey Bay IV32 7PJ, Moray, Scotland

Want, Andrew Heriot Watt Univ, Int Ctr Isl Technol, Stromness KW16 3AW, Orkney, Scotland

Weir, Caroline R. Ketos Ecol, Aberdeen AB24 1WS, Scotland

Wilding, Thomas A. Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Scottish Marine Inst, Oban, Argyll, Scotland

Wilding, Thomas A. Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland

Wilson, Ben Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Dunstaffnage Marine Lab, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland

Woolf, David K. Univ Highlands and Islands, N Highland Coll, Environm Res Inst, Thurso KW14 7JD,

Caithness, Scotland

Yemm, Richard Pelamis Wave Power Ltd, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland

Yun, G. Univ Dundee, Div Civil Engn, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland

Yu, James Inst Technol & Engn, Dundee DD2 2HP, Scotland

SCIENTIFIC AUTHORS FROM WALES IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES



Ahmadian, Reza Cardiff Univ, Sch Engn, Hydroenvironm Res Ctr, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales

Ahmadian, Reza Cardiff Univ, Sch Engn, Hydroenvironm Res Ctr, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales

151

Ahmadian, Reza Cardiff Univ, Sch Engn, Hydroenvironm Res Ctr, Cardiff, Wales

Ahmadian, Reza Cardiff Univ, Sch Engn, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales

Ahmad, M. Swansea Univ, Sch Engn, Ctr Complex Fluids Proc, Swansea, W Glam, Wales

Anderwald, Pia Sea Watch Fdn, Amlwch LL68 9SD, Isle Of Anglese, Wales

Bockelmann-Evans,

Bettina

Cardiff Univ, Sch Engn, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales

Bockelmann-Evans,

Bettina

Cardiff Univ, Sch Engn, Hydroenvironm Res Ctr, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales

Evans, Peter G. H. Sea Watch Fdn, Amlwch LL68 9SD, Isle Of Anglese, Wales

Falconer, Roger Cardiff Univ, Sch Engn, Hydroenvironm Res Ctr, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales

Falconer, Roger Cardiff Univ, Sch Engn, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales

Falconer, Roger A. Cardiff Univ, Sch Engn, Hydroenvironm Res Ctr, Cardiff, Wales

Falconer, Roger A. Cardiff Univ, Sch Engn, Hydroenvironm Res Ctr, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales

Falconer, Roger A. Cardiff Univ, Sch Engn, Hydroenvironm Res Ctr, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales

Falconer, R. A. Cardiff Univ, Sch Engn, Hydroenvironm Res Ctr, Cardiff CF24 3AA, Wales

Falconer, R. A. Cardiff Univ, Sch Engn, Hydroenvironm Res Ctr, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales

Green, J. A. M. Bangor Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Sch Ocean Sci, Menai Bridge LL59 5AB, Gwynedd, Wales

Kadiri, Margaret Cardiff Univ, Sch Engn, Hydroenvironm Res Ctr, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales

Lin BinLiang Cardiff Univ, Sch Engn, Hydroenvironm Res Ctr, Cardiff, Wales

Lin, Binliang Cardiff Univ, Sch Engn, Hydroenvironm Res Ctr, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales

Lin, B. Cardiff Univ, Sch Engn, Hydroenvironm Res Ctr, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales

Lin, B. Cardiff Univ, Sch Engn, Hydroenvironm Res Ctr, Cardiff CF24 3AA, Wales

Rauen, William Cardiff Univ, Sch Engn, Hydroenvironm Res Ctr, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales

Williams, P. Swansea Univ, Sch Engn, Ctr Complex Fluids Proc, Swansea, W Glam, Wales

Xia JunQiang Cardiff Univ, Sch Engn, Hydroenvironm Res Ctr, Cardiff, Wales

Xia, J. Cardiff Univ, Sch Engn, Hydroenvironm Res Ctr, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales

Xia, J. Cardiff Univ, Sch Engn, Hydroenvironm Res Ctr, Cardiff CF24 3AA, Wales

SCIENTIFIC AUTHORS FROM NORTH IRELAND IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

152



Folley, Matt Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Civil Engn, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland

Whittaker, Trevor Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Civil Engn, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland

SCIENTIFIC AUTHORS FROM FRANCE IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES



Alonso, Dominique Nancy Univ, Nancy, France

Bacha, Seddik Domaine Univ, G2ELab, Grenoble Inst Technol, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France

Baley, Christophe Univ Bretagne Sud, LIMATB Lab Ingn Mat Bretagne, F-56321 Lorient, France

Belhani, Mehdi Nancy Univ, Nancy, France

Benbouzid, Mohamed Univ Brest, EA LBMS 4325, F-29238 Brest 03, France

Bratcu, Antoneta

Iuliana

Domaine Univ, G2ELab, Grenoble Inst Technol, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France

Bratcu, Antoneta

Iuliana

Domaine Univ, GIPSA Lab, Control Syst Dept, Grenoble Inst Technol, F-38402 St Martin

Dheres, France

Carrere, H. INRA, Lab Biotechnol Environm, UMR050, F-11100 Narbonne, France

Charcosset, C. Univ Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France

Charcosset, C. CNRS, UMR 5007, Lab Automat & Genie Procedes, Villeurbanne, France

Charcosset, C. ESCPE Lyon, Villeurbanne, France

Charpentier, Jean

Frederic

French Naval Acad, EA IRENav 3634, F-29240 Brest 9, France

Chati, F. Univ Le Havre, Lab Ondes & Milieux Complexes, UMR CNRS 6294, Equipe Acoust Sous

Marine, F-76610 Le Havre, France

Cite, N. Univ Le Havre, Lab Ondes & Milieux Complexes, UMR CNRS 6294, Equipe Acoust Sous


Combe, M. ESCPE Lyon, Villeurbanne, France

Combe, M. Univ Lyon, F-69622 Lyon, France

153

Combe, M. CNRS, UMR 5007, Lab Automat & Genie Procedes, Villeurbanne, France

Dagdougui, Hanane MINES ParisTech, F-06904 Sophia Antipolis, France

Davies, Peter IFREMER, Ctr Brest, Mat & Struct Grp, F-29280 Plouzane, France

Decultot, D. Univ Le Havre, Lab Ondes & Milieux Complexes, UMR CNRS 6294, Equipe Acoust Sous


Delgenes, J. P. INRA, Lab Biotechnol Environm, UMR050, F-11100 Narbonne, France

Denis, C. EDF R&D, SINETICS Dept, F-92140 Clamart, France

Dubourg-Savage,

Marie-Jo

Museum Hist Nat Bourges, Soc Etud & Protect Mammiferes, F-18000 Bourges, France

Dumas, C. INRA, Lab Biotechnol Environm, UMR050, F-11100 Narbonne, France

Eynard, Julien Univ Perpignan, ELIAUS Lab, F-66860 Perpignan, France

Falconet, C. ESCPE Lyon, Villeurbanne, France

Falconet, C. CNRS, UMR 5007, Lab Automat & Genie Procedes, Villeurbanne, France

Falconet, C. Univ Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France

Grieu, Stephane Univ Perpignan, ELIAUS Lab, F-66860 Perpignan, France

Hervouet, J. -M. EDF R&D, LNHE, F-78400 Chatou, France

Imbault, D. Lab Sols, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France

Jackowiak, D. INRA, Lab Biotechnol Environm, UMR050, F-11100 Narbonne, France

Jard, G. INRA, Lab Biotechnol Environm, UMR050, F-11100 Narbonne, France

Lacroix, Denis IFREMER, DS, F-34203 Sete, France

Le Duigou, Antoine Univ Bretagne Sud, LIMATB Lab Ingn Mat Bretagne, F-56321 Lorient, France

Leon, F. Univ Le Havre, Lab Ondes & Milieux Complexes, UMR CNRS 6294, Equipe Acoust Sous


Maze, G. Univ Le Havre, Lab Ondes & Milieux Complexes, UMR CNRS 6294, Equipe Acoust Sous


Munteanu, Lulian Domaine Univ, G2ELab, Grenoble Inst Technol, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France

Muselli, Marc Univ Corsica, CNRS, SPE, UMR 6134, F-20250 Corte, France

Nivet, Marie-Laure Univ Corsica, CNRS, SPE, UMR 6134, F-20250 Corte, France

Paoli, Christophe Univ Corsica, CNRS, SPE, UMR 6134, F-20250 Corte, France

Pham, C. -T. EDF R&D, LNHE, F-78400 Chatou, France

154

Pioch, Sylvain Univ Montpellier 3, UMR CEFE 5175, Dep Biol Ecol Environm, F-34199 Montpellier 5,

France

Pioch, Sylvain Egis Eau, F-34965 Montpellier 2, France

Polit, Monique Univ Perpignan, ELIAUS Lab, F-66860 Perpignan, France

Pons, Marie-Noelle Nancy Univ, Nancy, France

Queffeulou, P. IFREMER, Lab Oceanog Spatiale, Plouzane, France

Razafindrakoto, E. EDF R&D, LNHE, F-78400 Chatou, France

Rouge, D. EDF R&D, LNHE, F-78400 Chatou, France

Roye, Daniel Domaine Univ, G2ELab, Grenoble Inst Technol, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France

Scuiller, Franck French Naval Acad, EA IRENav 3634, F-29240 Brest 9, France

Steyer, J. P. INRA, Lab Biotechnol Environm, UMR050, F-11100 Narbonne, France

Torrijos, M. INRA, Lab Biotechnol Environm, UMR050, F-11100 Narbonne, France

Tourabi, A. Lab Sols, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France

Vallet, Maria Domaine Univ, G2ELab, Grenoble Inst Technol, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France

Voyant, Cyril Hosp Castelluccio, Radiotherapy Unit, F-20177 Ajaccio, France

Voyant, Cyril Univ Corsica, CNRS, SPE, UMR 6134, F-20250 Corte, France

Zanette, J. Lab Sols, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France

Zhou, Zhibin French Naval Acad, EA IRENav 3634, F-29240 Brest 9, France

Zhou, Zhibin Univ Brest, EA LBMS 4325, F-29238 Brest 03, France

SCIENTIFIC AUTHORS FROM IRELAND IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES



Alcorn, R. Univ Coll Cork, HMRC, Cork, Ireland

Boyle, Fergal Dublin Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Dublin 1, Ireland



Brennan, Liam Univ Coll Dublin, Charles Parsons Energy Res Programme, Bioresources Res Ctr, Sch Agr

Food Sci & Vet Med, Dublin 4, Ireland

155

Comer, Anthony Dublin City Univ, MPRC, Sch Mech & Mfg Engn, Dublin 9, Ireland

Connolly, John Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 14, Ireland

Dalton, G. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Hydraul & Maritime Res Ctr HMRC, Cork, Ireland

Dalton, G. J. Univ Coll Cork, HMRC, Cork, Ireland

Deane, J. P. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Environm Res Inst, Cork, Ireland

Denny, Eleanor Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Econ, Dublin 2, Ireland

Donnelly, Alison Trinity Coll Dublin, Dept Bot, Sch Nat Sci, Dublin 2, Ireland

Finnan, John TEAGASC, Crops Environm & Land Use Programme, Carlow, Ireland

Fitzgerald, Joanne TEAGASC, Crops Environm & Land Use Programme, Carlow, Ireland

Fusco, Francesco Natl Univ Ireland Maynooth, Dept Elect Engn, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland

Gilloteaux, Jean-

Christophe

NUI Maynooth, Dept Elect Engn, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland

Horgan, Chris Univ Coll Cork UCC, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Sustainable Energy Res Grp, Cork,

Ireland

Keane, Andrew Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Elect Elect & Commun Engn, Dublin 4, Ireland

Leahy, M. Univ Limerick, Dept Phys, CPI Energy & Sustainable Environm, Limerick, Ireland

Leahy, M. Univ Limerick, Dept Phys & Energy, Limerick, Ireland

Leahy, P. G. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Environm Res Inst, Cork, Ireland

Leahy, P. G. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Sch Engn, Cork, Ireland

Lewis, T. Univ Coll Cork, HMRC, Cork, Ireland

Lewis, T. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Hydraul & Maritime Res Ctr HMRC, Cork, Ireland

Looney, Lisa Dublin City Univ, MPRC, Sch Mech & Mfg Engn, Dublin 9, Ireland

Mc Garrigle, E. V. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Sch Engn, Cork, Ireland

Nolan, Gary EirGrid Plc, Transmiss Syst Operator, The Oval, Dublin 4, Ireland

O'Cathain, Micheel NUI Maynooth, Dept Elect Engn, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland

O'Connor, M. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Hydraul & Maritime Res Ctr HMRC, Cork, Ireland

Omerdic, E. Univ Limerick, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, CPI Energy & Sustainable Environm, Limerick,

Ireland

Omerdic, E. Univ Limerick, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Limerick, Ireland

156

O'Rourke, Fergal Dublin Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Dublin 1, Ireland

Owende, Philip Univ Coll Dublin, Charles Parsons Energy Res Programme, Bioresources Res Ctr, Sch Agr


Owende, Philip Inst Technol Blanchardstown, Sch Informat & Engn, Dublin 15, Ireland

Pican, E. Univ Limerick, Dept Phys & Energy, Limerick, Ireland

Reynolds, Anthony Dublin Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Dublin 1, Ireland



Ringwood, John V. Natl Univ Ireland Maynooth, Dept Elect Engn, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland

Ringwood, John V. NUI Maynooth, Dept Elect Engn, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland

Rourke, Fergal O. Dublin Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Dublin 1, Ireland

Rourke, Fergal O. Dublin Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Dublin 1, Ireland

Toal, D. Univ Limerick, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Limerick, Ireland

Toal, D. Univ Limerick, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, CPI Energy & Sustainable Environm, Limerick,

Ireland

SCIENTIFIC AUTHORS FROM PORTUGAL IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES



Alves, F. L. Univ Aveiro, Dept Environm & Planning, CESAM Ctr Environm & Marine Studies, P-

3810193 Aveiro, Portugal

Alves, Mario Grp SGC, SGC Energia, CI&D Ctr Inovacao & Desenvolvimento SA, P-9760909 Praia Da

Vitoria, Portugal

Beirao, Pedro Inst Super Engn Coimbra, Dept Engn Mech, P-3030199 Coimbra, Portugal

Carvalho, Maria da

Graca

Inst Super Tecn, Dept Mech Engn, Lisbon, Portugal

Coelho, C. D. Univ Aveiro, Dept Civil Engn, CESAM Ctr Environm & Marine Studies, P-3810193 Aveiro,

Portugal

da Costa, Jose Sa Univ Tecn Lisboa, IDMEC IST, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal

157

Duic, Neven Inst Super Tecn, Dept Mech Engn, Lisbon, Portugal

Falcao, Antonio F. de

O.

Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Super Tecn, IDMEC, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal

Fernandes, M. L. Univ Aveiro, Dept Environm & Planning, CESAM Ctr Environm & Marine Studies, P-

3810193 Aveiro, Portugal

Ferreira, Jos V. Inst Politecn Viseu, P-3504510 Viseu, Portugal

Gato, L. M. C. Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Super Tecn, IDMEC, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal

Guedes Soares, C. Univ Tecn Lisboa, Ctr Marine Technol & Engn CENTEC, Inst Super Tecn, Lisbon, Portugal

Jorge, Raquel Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Super Tecn, IDMEC, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal

Kikuchi, Ryunosuke ESAC, Inst Politecn Coimbra, Dept Ciencia Exactas & Ambiente CERNAS, P-3040316

Coimbra, Portugal

Lopes, M. F. P. Univ Tecn Lisboa, Inst Super Tecn, IDMEC, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal

Mendao, Vera Ctr Portugues Estudo Mamiferos Marinhos, Projecto Delfim, P-1400009 Lisbon, Portugal

Miguel, A. F. Univ Evora, Dept Phys, P-7000671 Evora, Portugal

Neumann, Frank Wave Energy Ctr, P-1000201 Lisbon, Portugal

Nobre, Ana Portuguese Navy, Ctr Data, Inst Hidrog, P-1249093 Lisbon, Portugal

Pacheco, Miguel Portuguese Navy, Ctr Data, Inst Hidrog, P-1249093 Lisbon, Portugal

Partidario, P Inst Politecn Viseu, P-3504510 Viseu, Portugal

Ribeiro, Catarina Inst Nacl Engn Tecnol & Inovacao, P-1649038 Lisbon, Portugal

Rodrigues, Luisa Inst Conservacao Nat & Biodiversidade, P-1150294 Lisbon, Portugal

Rusu, Eugen Univ Tecn Lisboa, Unit Marine Technol & Engn, Inst Super Tecn, P-1049001 Lisbon,

Portugal

Rusu, Liliana Univ Tecn Lisboa, Ctr Marine Technol & Engn CENTEC, Inst Super Tecn, Lisbon, Portugal

Soares, C. Guedes Univ Tecn Lisboa, Unit Marine Technol & Engn, Inst Super Tecn, P-1049001 Lisbon,

Portugal

Taveira-Pinto, F. Univ Porto, Inst Hydraul & Water Resources, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal

Valerio, Duarte Univ Tecn Lisboa, IDMEC IST, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal

SCIENTIFIC AUTHORS FROM SPAIN IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES



158

Akhatov, Jasurjon S. Univ Santiago de Compostela, Galician Inst High Energy Phys, Sustainable Energet

Applicat Grp, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain

Alberdi, Mikel Univ Basque Country UPV EHU, Automat Control Grp, Dept Automat Control & Syst

Engn, Escuela Univ Ingn Tecn Ind Bilbao, Bilbao 48012, Spain

Alberdi, Mikel Univ Basque Country, Dept Automat Control & Syst Engn, Bilbao 48012, Spain

Amundarain, Modesto Univ Basque Country UPV EHU, Automat Control Grp, Dept Automat Control & Syst


Amundarain, Modesto Univ Basque Country, Dept Automat Control & Syst Engn, Bilbao 48012, Spain

Anton, Assumpcio Univ Rovira Virgili, Dept Engn Quim, Tarragona 43007, Spain

Anton, Assumpcio IRTA Res & Technol Food & Agr, Cabrils Barcelona 08348, Spain

Ballabrera-Poy,

Joaquim

CSIC, Unidad Tecnol Marina, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain

Beloqui, Ana CSIC, Inst Catalysis, Madrid, Spain

Carballo, R. Univ Santiago de Compostela, Hydraul Eng EPS, Lugo 27002, Spain

Carballo, R. Univ Santiago de Compostela, EPS, Lugo 27002, Spain

Carballo, R. Univ Santiago Compostela, EPS, Lugo, Spain

Carballo, R. Univ Santiago Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain



Carlos Lopez, Juan Fdn Cajamar Las Palmerillas, Estn Expt, El Ejido 04710, Almeria, Spain

Castilla Pascual,

Rosario

CIS MADEIRA, Innovat & Technol Area, Orense 32901, Spain

Castro, A. Univ Santiago de Compostela, EPS, Lugo 27002, Spain

Castro, A. Univ Santiago Compostela, EPS, Lugo, Spain

Ceballos, S. Tecnalia Res & Innovat, Derio 48160, Spain

De la Sen, Manuel Univ Basque Country, Fac Sci & Technol, Inst Res & Dev Proc, Leioa 48940, Spain

Diez, J. J. Univ Politecn Madrid, Res Grp Marine Coastal & Port Environm & Other Se, E-28040

Madrid, Spain

Diez, J. J. Univ Politecn Madrid, Res Grp Marine Coastal & Port Environm & Other Se, E-28040

Madrid, Spain

159

Dolores Esteban, M. Univ Politecn Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain

Eguia, P. Univ Basque Country, EHU, Engn Fac Bilbao, Bilbao 48013, Spain

Eguinoa, I. Grp MTORRES, Navarra, Spain

Esteban, M. D. Univ Politecn Madrid, Res Grp Marine Coastal & Port Environm & Other Se, E-28040

Madrid, Spain

Esteban, M. D. Univ Politecn Madrid, Res Grp Marine Coastal & Port Environm & Other Se, E-28040

Madrid, Spain

Feijoo, Gumersindo Univ Santiago de Compostela, Sch Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Santiago De Compostela

15782, Spain


15782, Spain


15782, Spain

Fernandez, H. Univ Santiago de Compostela, EPS, Lugo 27002, Spain

Ferrer, Manuel CSIC, Inst Catalysis, Madrid, Spain

Fraguela, J. A. Univ A Coruna, EPS, Ferrol, Spain

Fraguela, J. A. Univ A Coruna, EPS, Ferrol 15403, Spain

Gabarrell, Xavier Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Sch Engn, Inst Environm Sci & Technol ICTA, SosteniPrA UAB

IRTA Inedit, E-08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

Galparsoro, Ibon AZTI Tecnalia, Div Marine Res, Herrera Kaia, Pasaia 20110, Spain

Gandara, Vicente Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Particle Phys, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain

Garcia Lozano, Raul Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Sch Engn, Inst Environm Sci & Technol ICTA, SosteniPrA UAB

IRTA Inedit, E-08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

Garcia-Cordova,

Francisco

Univ Politecn Cartagena UPCT, Dept Syst Engn & Automat, Cartagena Murcia, Spain

Garcia-Ladona, Emili CSIC, Inst Ciencias Mar, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain

Garcia-Olivares,

Antonio

CSIC, Inst Ciencias Mar, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain

Garrido, Aitor Univ Basque Country, Dept Automat Control & Syst Engn, Bilbao 48012, Spain

Garrido, Aitor J. Univ Basque Country UPV EHU, Automat Control Grp, Dept Automat Control & Syst


Garrido, Izaskun Univ Basque Country, Dept Automat Control & Syst Engn, Bilbao 48012, Spain

160

Garrido, Izaskun Univ Basque Country UPV EHU, Automat Control Grp, Dept Automat Control & Syst


Gironella, X. Ctr Int Invest Recursos Costaners, Barcelona 08034, Spain

Gironella, X. Univ Politecn Cataluna, Lab Engn Maritima, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain

Gomez, V. Univ Cantabria, Environm Hydraul Inst IH Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain

Gonzalez-Garcia, Sara Univ Santiago de Compostela, Sch Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Santiago De Compostela

15782, Spain

Gonzalez-Garcia, Sara Univ Santiago de Compostela, Sch Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Santiago De Compostela

15782, Spain

Gonzalez-Marco, D. Ctr Int Invest Recursos Costaners, Barcelona 08034, Spain

Gonzalez-Marco, D. Univ Politecn Cataluna, Lab Engn Maritima, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain

Guanche, Raul Environm Hydraul Inst IH Cantabria, Santander, Spain

Guanche, R. Univ Cantabria, Environm Hydraul Inst IH Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain

Guerrero-Gonzalez,

Antonio

Univ Politecn Cartagena UPCT, Dept Syst Engn & Automat, Cartagena Murcia, Spain

Hontoria, L. Univ Jaen, Dept Elect, EPS Jaen, Grp Invest & Desarrollo Energia Solar & Automat, Jaen

23071, Spain

Iglesias, G. Univ Santiago de Compostela, Hydraul Eng EPS, Lugo 27002, Spain

Iglesias, G. Univ Santiago Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain

Iglesias, G. Univ Santiago de Compostela, EPS, Lugo 27002, Spain

Iglesias, G. Univ Santiago Compostela, EPS, Lugo, Spain

Iglesias, G. Univ Santiago de Compostela, EPS, Lugo 27002, Spain

Ignacio Montero, Juan IRTA Res & Technol Food & Agr, Cabrils Barcelona 08348, Spain

Javier Diez, J. Univ Politecn Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain

Javier Silva, Francisco FINSA, Santiago De Compostela 15890, Spain

Jose Baeza, Esteban Fdn Cajamar Las Palmerillas, Estn Expt, El Ejido 04710, Almeria, Spain

Kuwahata, Rena Tech Univ Madrid, Sch Ind Engn, Dept Business Adm, Madrid 28006, Spain

Lopez-Gutierrez, J. S. Univ Politecn Madrid, Res Grp Marine Coastal & Port Environm & Other Se, E-28040

Madrid, Spain

Lopez-Gutierrez, J. S. Univ Politecn Madrid, Res Grp Marine Coastal & Port Environm & Other Se, E-28040

Madrid, Spain

161

Lopez, Jose S. Univ Politecn Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain

Lopez, M. Univ Santiago Compostela, EPS, Lugo, Spain

Madariaga, A. Univ Basque Country, EHU, Engn Fac Bilbao, Bilbao 48013, Spain

Marques, Javier Basque Energy Board, Renewable Energy Div, Bilbao, Spain

Martinez de Alegria, I. Univ Basque Country, EHU, Engn Fac Bilbao, Bilbao 48013, Spain

Martinez, V. A. Univ Zaragoza, Dept Mech Engn, CIRCE Fdn, Zaragoza 50018, Spain

Martin, J. L. Univ Basque Country, EHU, Engn Fac Bilbao, Bilbao 48013, Spain

Minguez, Eduardo Parque Nat Serra Gelada & Entorno Litoral, Benidorm 03501, Alicante, Spain

Minguez, Roberto Environm Hydraul Inst IH Cantabria, Santander, Spain

Moesso, C. Ctr Int Invest Recursos Costaners, Barcelona 08034, Spain

Moesso, C. Univ Politecn Cataluna, Lab Engn Maritima, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain

Monroy, Carlos

Rodriguez

Tech Univ Madrid, Sch Ind Engn, Dept Business Adm, Madrid 28006, Spain

Moreira, Ma Teresa Univ Santiago de Compostela, Sch Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Santiago De Compostela

15782, Spain

Munoz, Pere IRTA Res & Technol Food & Agr, Cabrils Barcelona 08348, Spain

Negro, Vicente Univ Politecn Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain

Negro, V. Univ Politecn Madrid, Res Grp Marine Coastal & Port Environm & Other Se, E-28040

Madrid, Spain

Negro, V. Univ Politecn Madrid, Res Grp Marine Coastal & Port Environm & Other Se, E-28040

Madrid, Spain

Noguera, Jose C. Univ Vigo, Dpto Ecol & Biol Anim, Vigo 36310, Pontevedra, Spain

Pascal, R. ABENGOA SEAPOWER, CIL Torrecuellar, Seville, Spain

Penate Suarez,

Baltasar

Inst Tecnol Canarias, Div Invest & Desarrollo Tecnol, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain

Perez Parra, Jeronimo Fdn Cajamar Las Palmerillas, Estn Expt, El Ejido 04710, Almeria, Spain

Perez, Beatriz Environm Hydraul Inst IH Cantabria, Santander, Spain

Perez, German Tecnalia, Energy Unit, Sustainable Dev Div, Derio, Spain

Perez, Irene Univ Miguel Hernandez, Div Ecol, Dpto Biol Aplicada, Elche 03202, Alicante, Spain

Rey Rey, Daniel Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Particle Phys, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain

Rieradevall i Pons, Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Sch Engn, Inst Environm Sci & Technol ICTA, SosteniPrA UAB

162

Joan IRTA Inedit, E-08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

Rodriguez Cabo, Iago Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Particle Phys, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain

Ruiz-Minguela, Pablo Tecnalia, Energy Unit, Sustainable Dev Div, Derio, Spain

Sanchez-Arcilla, A. Univ Politecn Cataluna, Lab Engn Maritima, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain

Sanchez-Arcilla, A. Ctr Int Invest Recursos Costaners, Barcelona 08034, Spain

Sanchez, M. Univ Santiago de Compostela, EPS, Lugo 27002, Spain

Sierra, J. P. Univ Politecn Cataluna, Lab Engn Maritima, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain

Sierra, J. P. Ctr Int Invest Recursos Costaners, Barcelona 08034, Spain

Sospedra, J. Ctr Int Invest Recursos Costaners, Barcelona 08034, Spain

Sospedra, J. Univ Politecn Cataluna, Lab Engn Maritima, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain

Styles, David European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Seville, Spain

Teresa Moreira, Maria Univ Santiago de Compostela, Sch Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Santiago De Compostela

15782, Spain

Torre-Enciso, Yago Basque Energy Board, Renewable Energy Div, Bilbao, Spain

Torrellas, Marta IRTA Res & Technol Food & Agr, Cabrils Barcelona 08348, Spain

Turiel, Antonio CSIC, Inst Ciencias Mar, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain

Uche, J. Univ Zaragoza, Dept Mech Engn, CIRCE Fdn, Zaragoza 50018, Spain

Vidal, C. Univ Cantabria, Environm Hydraul Inst IH Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain

Virites Montes, E. Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Particle Phys, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain

J. ATLANTIC POWER CLUSTER REGIONS: SCIENTIFIC CONTENTS ON MRE

REGIONS IN ATLANTIC POWER CLUSTER (APC)

APC REGIONS: Regions participant in the Atlantic Power Cluster project.

– FRANCE: Aquitaine; Basse Normandie; Bretagne; Pays de la Loire; Poitou-Charentes – IRELAND: Border, Midland and Western; Southern and Eastern. – PORTUGAL: Centro; Lisboa. – SPAIN: País Vasco; Cantabria; Asturias; Galicia. – UNITED KINGDOM: Devon; South Western Scotland. – SPAIN (NON ATLANTIC AREA): Comunidad de Madrid.

ABSTRACTS OF MRE SCIENTIC DOCUMENTS IN ATLANTIC POWER CLUSTER REGIONS

163

Here we present a selection of the scientific work elaborated in the Atlantic Power Regions. We

expound the author or authors of the document, the title, the publication name and the abstract.

The objective is finalishing the Study with detailed information about the scientific production in the

regions of the Atlantic Area with participation in the Atlantic Power Cluster project.

APC ORGANIZATION Univ Strathclyde, Ctr Publ Policy Reg, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Lanark, Scotland

AUTHORS Allan, GJ; Bryden, I; McGregor, PG; Stallard, T; Swales, JK; Turner, K; Wallace, R

TITLE Concurrent and legacy economic and environmental impacts from establishing a

marine energy sector in Scotland

PUBLICATION NAME ENERGY POLICY

YEAR PUBLISHED 2008

ABSTRACT We examine the economic and environmental impact that the installation of 3

GW of marine energy capacity would have on Scotland. This is not a forecast, but

a projection of the likely effects of meeting the Scottish Government's targets for

renewable energy through the development of a marine energy sector. Energy,

with a particular focus on renewables, is seen by the Scottish Government as a

"key sector", with high growth potential and the capacity to boost productivity

(Scottish Government, 2007a. The Government Economic Strategy. The Scottish

Government, Edinburgh). The key nature of this sector has been identified

through targets being set for renewable energy to achieve environmental and

economic benefits. Using a regional computable general equilibrium (CGE) model

of Scotland we show that the development of a marine energy sector can have

substantial and beneficial impacts on GDP, employment and the environment

over the lifetime of the devices, given the encouragement of strong indigenous

inter-industry

APC ORGANIZATION Dublin City Univ, MPRC, Sch Mech & Mfg Engn, Dublin 9, Ireland

AUTHORS Comer, A; Looney, L

TITLE Crack propagation resistance of Zeron 100 GTA and SMA weld metal in synthetic

seawater under cathodic overpotential

PUBLICATION NAME INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE

YEAR PUBLISHED 2008

ABSTRACT It is envisaged that super duplex stainless steels, as currently used in the offshore

oil and gas industries, will find application in the emergent renewable energy

sector in areas such as offshore wind, wave and tidal electricity/hydrogen

164

generation. Such applications typically involve engineering components

experiencing fluctuating loads in a harsh environment such as seawater. The

current paper investigates the crack propagation resistance of two Zeron 100

weld metals in synthetic seawater under cathodic overpotential. The crack

propagation resistance of the weld metals was similar to the base metal under the

imposed condition. However, crack propagation rates in synthetic seawater (base

and weld metals) under cathodic overpotential increased by a factor of 4.3 over

rates in air above a threshold stress intensity factor range.

APC ORGANIZATION Portuguese Navy, Ctr Data, Inst Hidrog, P-1249093 Lisbon, Portugal

AUTHORS Nobre, A; Pacheco, M; Jorge, R; Lopes, MFP; Gato, LMC

TITLE Geo-spatial multi-criteria analysis for wave energy conversion system deployment

PUBLICATION NAME RENEWABLE ENERGY

YEAR PUBLISHED 2009

ABSTRACT The growing requirements for renewable energy production lead to the

development of a new series of systems, including wave energy conversion

systems. Due to their sensitivity and the impact of the aggressive marine

environment, the selection of the most adequate location for these systems is a

major and very important task. Several factors, such as technological limitations,

environmental conditions, administrative and logistic conditions, have to be taken

into account in order to support the decision for best location. This paper

describes a geo-spatial multi-criteria analysis methodology, based on geographic

information systems technology, for identification of the best location to deploy a

wave energy farm. This methodology is not conversion system dependent and

therefore can be easily customized for different systems and implementation

conditions. Selection factors can include, for example, ocean depth, sea bottom

type, existing underwater cables, marine protected areas, ports location,

shoreline, power grid location, military exercise areas, climatology of wave

significant height, period and power. A case study demonstrating this

methodology is presented, for an area offshore the Portuguese southwest coast.

The system output allows a clear differential identification of the best spots for

implementing a wave energy farm. It is not just a simple Boolean result showing

valid and invalid locations, but a layer with a valued suitability for farm

deployment.

APC ORGANIZATION CSIC, Inst Catalysis, Madrid, Spain

165

AUTHORS Ferrer, M; Beloqui, A; Timmis, KN; Golyshin, PN

TITLE Metagenomics for Mining New Genetic Resources of Microbial Communities

PUBLICATION NAME JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

YEAR PUBLISHED 2009

ABSTRACT Recent progress has revealed that the capture of genetic resources of complex

microbial communities in metagenome libraries allows the discovery of a richness

of new enzymatic diversity that had not previously been imagined. Activity-based

screening of such libraries has demonstrated that this new diversity is not simply

variations on known sequence themes, but rather the existence of entirely new

sequence classes and novel functionalities. This new diversity, the surface of

which has thus far only been scratched, constitutes potential for a wealth of new

and improved applications in industry, medicine, agriculture, etc., and promises to

facilitate in a significant manner our transition to a sustainable society, by

contributing to the transition to renewable sources of energy, chemicals and

materials, the lowering of pollutant burdens, lower processes energies, etc.

Current bottlenecks in metagenomics include insufficient functional

characterization and amplifying non-validated annotations of proteins in

databases.

APC ORGANIZATION Univ Santiago Compostela, EPS, Lugo, Spain

AUTHORS Iglesias, G; Lopez, M; Carballo, R; Castro, A; Fraguela, JA; Frigaard, P

TITLE Wave energy potential in Galicia (NW Spain)


YEAR PUBLISHED 2009

ABSTRACT Wave power presents significant advantages with regard to other CO(2)-free

energy sources, among which the predictability, high load factor and low visual

and environmental impact stand out. Galicia, facing the Atlantic on the north-

western corner of the Iberian Peninsula, is subjected to a very harsh wave climate;

in this work its potential for energy production is assessed based on three-hourly

data from a third generation ocean wave model (WAM) covering the period 1996-

2005. Taking into account the results of this assessment along with other relevant

considerations such as the location of ports, navigation routes, and fishing and

aquaculture zones, an area is selected for wave energy exploitation. The

transformation of the offshore wave field as it propagates into this area is

computed by means of a nearshore wave model (SWAN) in order to select the

166

optimum locations for a wave farm. Two zones emerge as those with the highest

potential for wave energy exploitation. The large modifications in the available

wave power resulting from relatively small changes of position are made apparent

in the process.

APC ORGANIZATION Dublin Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Dublin 1, Ireland

AUTHORS Rourke, FO; Boyle, F; Reynolds, A

TITLE Renewable energy resources and technologies applicable to Ireland

PUBLICATION NAME RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS

YEAR PUBLISHED 2009

ABSTRACT The energy consumed in Ireland is primarily achieved by the combustion of fossil

fuels. Ireland's only indigenous fossil fuel is peat; all other fossil fuels are

imported. As fossil fuels continually become more expensive, their use as an

energy source also has a negative impact on the environment. Ireland's energy

consumption can be separated into three divisions: transportation, electricity

generation and heat energy. Ireland however has a vast range of high quality

renewable energy resources. Ireland has set a target that 33% of its electricity will

be generated from renewable sources by 2020 [I. Government. Delivering a

Sustainable Energy Future for Ireland; 2007.]. The use of biomass, wind and ocean

energy technologies is expected to play a major part in meeting this target. The

use of renewable energy technologies will assist sustainable development as well

as being a solution to several energy related environmental problems. This paper

presents the current state of renewable energy technologies and potential

resources available in Ireland. Considering Ireland's present energy state, a future

energy mix is proposed.

APC ORGANIZATION Univ Plymouth, Inst Marine, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England

AUTHORS Inger, R; Attrill, MJ; Bearhop, S; Broderick, AC; Grecian, WJ; Hodgson, DJ; Mills, C;

Sheehan, E; Votier, SC; Witt, MJ; Godley, BJ

TITLE Marine renewable energy: potential benefits to biodiversity? An urgent call for

research

PUBLICATION NAME JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY

YEAR PUBLISHED 2009

167

ABSTRACT P>1. The evidence for anthropogenically induced climate change is overwhelming

with the production of greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels being a key

driver. In response, many governments have initiated programmes of energy

production from renewable sources. 2. The marine environment presents a

relatively untapped energy source and offshore installations are likely to produce

a significant proportion of future energy production. Wind power is the most

advanced, with development of wave and tidal energy conversion devices

expected to increase worldwide in the near future. 3. Concerns over the potential

impacts on biodiversity of marine renewable energy installations (MREI) include:

habitat loss, collision risks, noise and electromagnetic fields. These factors have

been posited as having potentially important negative environmental impacts. 4.

Conversely, we suggest that if appropriately managed and designed, MREI may

increase local biodiversity and potentially benefit the wider marine environment.

Installations have the capacity to act as both artificial reefs and fish aggregation

devices, which have been used previously to facilitate restoration of damaged

ecosystems, and de facto marine-protected areas, which have proven successful

in enhancing both biodiversity and fisheries. 5. The deployment of MREI has the

potential to cause conflict among interest groups including energy companies, the

fishing sector and environmental groups. Conflicts should be minimized by

integrating key stakeholders into the design, siting, construction and operational

phases of the instalations, and by providing clear evidence of their potential

environmental benefits. 6. Synthesis and applications. MREI have the potential to

be both detrimental and beneficial to the environment but the evidence base

remains limited. To allow for full biodiversity impacts to be assessed, there exists

an urgent need for additional multi and inter-disciplinary research in this area

ranging from engineering to policy. Whilst there are a number of factors to be

considered, one of the key decisions facing current policy makers is where

installations should be sited, and, dependent upon site, whether they should be

designed to either minimize negative environmental impacts or as facilitators of

ecosystem restoration.

APC ORGANIZATION SW England Reg Dev Agcy, Exeter, Devon, England

AUTHORS Greaves, D; Smith, G; Attrill, M; Belmont, M; Chadwick, A; Conley, D; Eccleston, A;

Godley, B; Harrington, N; Hor, CL; Hosegood, P; Johanning, L; Millar, D; Pan, S;

Reeve, D; Williams, J; Wolfram, J; Xu, J; Zobaa, A; Zou, Q

TITLE Marine renewable energy development - research, design, install

PUBLICATION NAME PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS-MARITIME

ENGINEERING

YEAR PUBLISHED 2009

168

ABSTRACT The UK government has committed to a reduction of carbon dioxide emissions for

England and Wales by 20% below 1990 levels by 2010 and to increase the amount

of electrical energy generated by renewable energy sources to 10% by 2010 and

15% by 2015. Wave and tidal energy are likely to contribute significantly to

achieving these targets as important renewable energy technologies for the UK.

The south-west region in particular has the potential to generate substantial

amounts of renewable energy from its wave and tidal stream resources. The

South West of England Regional Development Agency (SWRDA) recognises the

potential of the marine energy industry for the region and is supporting

demonstration projects in marine energy through the Wave Hub project and the

Peninsular Research Institute in Marine Renewable Energy (Primare). The Wave

Hub project provides a unique opportunity for interdisciplinary research to aid

developments in marine renewable energy. In this paper, a description of some of

the new ongoing research being undertaken jointly by researchers at the

Universities of Exeter and Plymouth within Primare is presented.

APC ORGANIZATION EirGrid Plc, Transmiss Syst Operator, The Oval, Dublin 4, Ireland

AUTHORS Fusco, F; Nolan, G; Ringwood, JV

TITLE Variability reduction through optimal combination of wind/wave resources - An

Irish case study

PUBLICATION NAME ENERGY

YEAR PUBLISHED 2010

ABSTRACT This study presents a methodology to assess the possible benefits of the

combination of wind energy with the still unexploited, but quite significant in

Ireland, wave energy. An analysis of the raw wind and wave resource at certain

locations around the coasts of Ireland shows how they are very low correlated on

the South and West Coast, where the waves are dominated by the presence of

high energy swells generated by remote westerly wind systems. As a

consequence, the integration of wind and waves in combined farms, at these

locations, allows the achievement of a more reliable, less variable and more

predictable electrical power production. The resulting benefits are particularly

clear in the case of a relatively small and quite isolated electrical system such as

the Irish one. Here, in fact, high levels of wind penetration strongly increase the

requirement of surplus capacity and cause a much lower efficiency for

conventional thermal plants.

169

APC ORGANIZATION Inst Technol Blanchardstown, Sch Informat & Engn, Dublin 15, Ireland; Univ Coll

Dublin, Charles Parsons Energy Res Programme, Bioresources Res Ctr, Sch Agr


AUTHORS Brennan, L; Owende, P

TITLE Biofuels from microalgae-A review of technologies for production, processing, and

extractions of biofuels and co-products


YEAR PUBLISHED 2010

ABSTRACT Sustainability is a key principle in natural resource management, and it involves

operational efficiency, minimisation of environmental impact and socio-economic

considerations. all of which are interdependent It has become increasingly

obvious that continued reliance on fossil fuel energy resources is unsustainable,

owing to both depleting world reserves and the green house gas emissions

associated with their use Therefore, there are vigorous research initiatives aimed

at developing alternative renewable and potentially carbon neutral solid, liquid

and gaseous biofuels as alternative energy resources. However, alternate energy

resources akin to first generation biofuels derived from terrestrial crops such as

sugarcane, Sugar beet, maize and rapeseed place an enormous strain on world

food markets, contribute to water shortages and precipitate the destruction of

the world's forests. Second generation biofuels derived from lignocellulosic

agriculture and forest residues and from non-food crop feedstocks address some

of the above problems; however there is concern over competing land use or

required land use changes Therefore, based on current knowledge and technology

projections, third generation biofuels specifically derived from microalgae are

considered to be a technically viable alternative energy resource that is devoid of

the major drawbacks associated with first and second generation biofuels.

Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms with simple growing requirements

(light, Sugars, CO(2), N, P, and K) that can produce lipids, proteins and

carbohydrates in large amounts Over short periods of time. These products can be

processed into both biofuels and valuable co-products. This study reviewed the

technologies underpinning microalgae-to-biofuels systems, focusing on the

biomass production, harvesting, conversion technologies. and the extraction of

useful co-products it also reviewed the synergistic coupling of microalgae

propagation with carbon sequestration and wastewater treatment potential for

mitigation of environmental impacts associated with energy conversion and

utilisation. It was found that whereas there are outstanding issues related to

photosynthetic efficiencies and biomass output, microalgae-derived biofuels

could progressively substitute a significant proportion of the fossil fuels required

to meet the growing energy demand.

170

APC ORGANIZATION Univ Vigo, Dpto Ecol & Biol Anim, Vigo 36310, Pontevedra, Spain

AUTHORS Noguera, JC; Perez, I; Minguez, E

TITLE IMPACT OF TERRESTRIAL WIND FARMS ON DIURNAL RAPTORS: DEVELOPING A

SPATIAL VULNERABILITY INDEX AND POTENTIAL VULNERABILITY MAPS

PUBLICATION NAME ARDEOLA

YEAR PUBLISHED 2010

ABSTRACT Impact of terrestrial wind farms on diurnal raptors: developing a spatial

vulnerability index and potential vulnerability maps. The use of wind energy

resources is currently increasing worldwide as a method of obtaining renewable

and non-polluting energy. Nevertheless, wind energy development has several

potential adverse effects on avian communities. Therefore, suitable location for

futures wind farms seems critical to minimise adverse effects on birds. In this

study we adapted the indices proposed by Garthe and Hupop (2004) for offshore

wind farms to a terrestrial wind farm as a method to identify more sensitive

raptors and to detect high vulnerability areas for wind farms. We constructed two

indices: a raptor sensitivity index (RSI) and a spatial vulnerability index (SVI). The

RSI included seven factors derived from the attributes of species that have been

considered important in assessing the impact of wind farms on birds. Using an RSI

and relative habitat use estimation, an SVI was calculated and a potential

vulnerability map was produced for Boqueron mountain range in Valencia region.

Golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos. short-toed eagle Circaetus gallicus and booted

eagle Hieraaetus pennants, together with other species such as griffon vulture

Gyps fulvus were the more sensitive species to wind farm. The SVI distinguished

zones in which either the elimination or change of position of turbines might

reduce the impact of the wind farm foreseen. The SVI might be a useful tool for

environmental impact assessment (EIA) to select the best location of new

terrestrial wind farms or the sections of them.

APC ORGANIZATION Ctr Portugues Estudo Mamiferos Marinhos, Projecto Delfim, P-1400009 Lisbon,

Portugal

AUTHORS Wilson, JC; Elliott, M; Cutts, ND; Mander, L; Mendao, V; Perez-Dominguez, R;

Phelps, A

TITLE Coastal and Offshore Wind Energy Generation: Is It Environmentally Benign?

PUBLICATION NAME ENERGIES

YEAR PUBLISHED 2010

171

ABSTRACT Offshore and coastal wind power is one of the fastest growing industries in many

areas, especially those with shallow coastal regions due to the preferable

generation conditions available in the regions. As with any expanding industry,

there are concerns regarding the potential environmental effects which may be

caused by the installation of the offshore wind turbines and their associated

infrastructure, including substations and subsea cables. These include the

potential impacts on the biological, physical and human environments. This

review discusses in detail the potential impacts arising from offshore wind farm

construction, and how these may be quantified and addressed through the use of

conceptual models. It concludes that while not environmentally benign, the

environmental impacts are minor and can be mitigated through good siting

practices. In addition, it suggests that there are opportunities for environmental

benefits through habitat creation and conservation protection areas.

APC ORGANIZATION Univ Limerick, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, CPI Energy & Sustainable Environm,

Limerick, Ireland

AUTHORS Omerdic, E; Toal, D; Leahy, M

TITLE Assistive tools for system integration, deployment, monitoring, and maintenance

of ocean energy devices

PUBLICATION NAME PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART M-

JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR THE MARITIME ENVIRONMENT

YEAR PUBLISHED 2010

ABSTRACT This paper describes a set of assistive tools and technologies for system

integration, deployment, monitoring, and maintenance of ocean energy devices.

The flexible design of these tools enables their use as separate standalone

modules, as well as their integration into a unique integrated system. A major

component of the system is a smart remotely operated vehicle ROV(LATIS) - a

novel, multi-mode of operation marine robotics vehicle designed for flexibility in

near seabed operations from shallow inshore waters out to the continental shelf

edge. Ocean energy technologies play an important part in meeting the Irish

government's energy strategy, which targets 33 per cent of Irish electricity to be

generated from renewable sources by 2020. The assistive tools, proposed in this

paper, will help developers of ocean energy devices in meeting this target during

different stages of design, deployment, and operation.

APC ORGANIZATION Tech Univ Madrid, Sch Ind Engn, Dept Business Adm, Madrid 28006, Spain

AUTHORS Kuwahata, R; Monroy, CR

TITLE Market stimulation of renewable-based power generation in Australia

172


YEAR PUBLISHED 2011

ABSTRACT This paper attempts to identify the types of renewable-based power generation

technologies available in Australia that have the capacity to contribute to the

growth of the renewable energy sector and then suggest what type of economic

incentive instruments could be applied in order to stimulate investment in that

sector. Currently in Australia there are hydro, wind, bioenergy, solar, geothermal

and ocean technologies being used to produce renewable power. Of these all

except hydro power has large amounts of potentially useful resources. In the

cases of wind, bioenergy, solar, and geothermal, the technology is mature enough

to be immediately deployed in large-scale. However, only in the cases of wind and

bioenergy the costs and return on investments are proven to be viable in the

current market. What is required on all fronts is an improved return on

investments. Within the current electricity market competition with fossil-fuel

based power is very difficult considering the ample supply of coal available in

Australia and the heavy subsidies it receives. To become more competitive with

electricity generated from coal-fired power plants, a feed-in tariff scheme could

be implemented, and subsidies to the coal industry should be reduced if not

removed. Another aspect impeding the growth of certain renewable power

technologies is the high capital cost. This issue could be addressed with direct

subsidies or tax exemptions, or aiding with easier access of finance options.

However for particular industries such as wind and solar, it would be a further

benefit if some effort is made to encourage component manufacturing within

Australia. For technologies that require further technical development, funding

towards R&D or pilot projects, and support for international collaboration

projects would accelerate their path to deployment. It is critical that the

Australian government continues to be a leader. In addition to the Carbon

Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS) and an extension to the Mandatory

Renewable Energy Target Scheme (MRETS) proposed by the federal government,

the Council of Australian Governments (CoAG) must work to streamline policies

between the federal and state governments and the latter must apply policies

unique to their region for what technology is prevalent.

APC ORGANIZATION Inst Super Tecn, Dept Mech Engn, Lisbon, Portugal

AUTHORS Krajacic, G; Duic, N; Carvalho, MD

TITLE How to achieve a 100% RES electricity supply for Portugal?

PUBLICATION NAME APPLIED ENERGY

YEAR PUBLISHED 2011

ABSTRACT Portugal is a country with an energy system highly dependent on oil and gas

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imports Imports of oil and gas accounted for 85% of the country s requirements in

2005 and 86% in 2006 Meanwhile the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in

the total primary energy consumption was only 14% in 2006 When focusing only

on electricity production the situation is somewhat better The share of RES in

gross electricity production varies between 20% and 35% and is dependent on the

hydropower production in wet and dry years This paper presents on a national

scale Portugal s energy system planning and technical solutions for achieving

100% RES electricity production Planning was based on hourly energy balance and

use of H(2)RES software The H(2)RES model provides the ability to integrate

various types of storages Into energy systems in order to increase penetration of

the intermittent renewable energy sources or to achieve a 100% renewable Island

region or country The paper also represents a stepping-stone for studies offering

wider possibilities in matching and satisfying electricity supply in Portugal with

potential renewable energy sources Special attention has been given to

intermittent sources such as wind solar and ocean waves that can be coupled to

appropriate energy storage systems charged with surplus amounts of produced

electricity The storage systems also decrease Installed power requirements for

generating units Consequently these storages will assist in avoiding unnecessary

rejection of renewable potential and reaching a sufficient security of energy

supply.

APC ORGANIZATION Inst Conservacao Nat & Biodiversidade, P-1150294 Lisbon, Portugal

AUTHORS Rydell, J; Bach, L; Dubourg-Savage, MJ; Green, M; Rodrigues, L; Hedenstrom, A

TITLE Bat mortality at wind turbines in northwestern Europe

PUBLICATION NAME ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA

YEAR PUBLISHED 2010

ABSTRACT We reviewed published and unpublished written reports on bat mortality at wind

farms in northwestern Europe. The estimated number of bats killed per turbine

annually was relatively low (0-3) on flat, open farmland away from the coast,

higher (2-5) in more complex agricultural landscapes, and highest (5-20) at the

coast and on forested hills and ridges. The species killed almost exclusively (98%)

belonged to a group (Nyctalus, Pipistrellus, Vespertilio and Eptesicus spp.)

adapted for open-air foraging. The bats were killed by the moving rotor blades as

they hunted insects attracted to the turbines. This occurred independently of sex

and age. Peak mortality varied considerably in frequency and timing among years,

but the events usually (90%) occurred on nights with low wind speeds in late July

to early October and to a lesser extent (10%) also in April-June. The mortality

increased with turbine tower height and rotor diameter but was independent of

the distance from the ground to the lowest rotor point. It was also independent of

the size of the wind park (1-18 turbines). Bat species other than the open-air suite

referred to above are usually not at risk at wind turbines, because they fly below

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the rotors, but are still killed occasionally (2%).

APC ORGANIZATION Wave Energy Ctr, P-1000201 Lisbon, Portugal

AUTHORS Lovdal, N; Neumann, F

TITLE Internationalization as a strategy to overcome industry barriers-An assessment of

the marine energy industry

PUBLICATION NAME ENERGY POLICY

YEAR PUBLISHED 2011

ABSTRACT Research on conditions to develop new innovations within emerging renewable

energy industries is often done with a national focus. However, recent research

on international entrepreneurship has revealed that firms operate on

international levels very early in their life time. Thus, based on former research on

international entrepreneurship and case examples, we build the propositions that

firms in the marine energy industry use internationalization as a strategy to

overcome industry barriers. Our primary source of data is a unique dataset from a

global survey of all the companies in the marine energy industry who are aiming

to commercialize a wave or tidal energy device. This paper is organized in two

steps: first we identified the most challenging industry barriers perceived by

companies. Second we use these to form propositions which we assess through

empirical data. The two most challenging barriers perceived by the companies are

need for capital and need for supportive political schemes. Our findings reveal

that internationalization certainly is a common strategy to access capital and

attractive support schemes in foreign countries. The early internationalization has

implications for researchers, managers and policy makers.

APC ORGANIZATION Marine Biol Assoc UK, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England; Plymouth Marine Lab,

Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England

AUTHORS Witt, MJ; Sheehan, EV; Bearhop, S; Broderick, AC; Conley, DC; Cotterell, SP; Crow,

E; Grecian, WJ; Halsband, C; Hodgson, DJ; Hosegood, P; Inger, R; Miller, PI; Sims,

DW; Thompson, RC; Vanstaen, K; Votier, SC; Attrill, MJ; Godley, BJ

TITLE Assessing wave energy effects on biodiversity: the Wave Hub experience

PUBLICATION NAME PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL

PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES

YEAR PUBLISHED 2012

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ABSTRACT Marine renewable energy installations harnessing energy from wind, wave and

tidal resources are likely to become a large part of the future energy mix

worldwide. The potential to gather energy from waves has recently seen

increasing interest, with pilot developments in several nations. Although

technology to harness wave energy lags behind that of wind and tidal generation,

it has the potential to contribute significantly to energy production. As wave

energy technology matures and becomes more widespread, it is likely to result in

further transformation of our coastal seas. Such changes are accompanied by

uncertainty regarding their impacts on biodiversity. To date, impacts have not

been assessed, as wave energy converters have yet to be fully developed.

Therefore, there is a pressing need to build a framework of understanding

regarding the potential impacts of these technologies, underpinned by

methodologies that are transferable and scalable across sites to facilitate formal

meta-analysis. We first review the potential positive and negative effects of wave

energy generation, and then, with specific reference to our work at the Wave Hub

(a wave energy test site in southwest England, UK), we set out the methodological

approaches needed to assess possible effects of wave energy on biodiversity. We

highlight the need for national and international research clusters to accelerate

the implementation of wave energy, within a coherent understanding of potential

effects-both positive and negative.

APC ORGANIZATION IFREMER, Ctr Brest, Mat & Struct Grp, F-29280 Plouzane, France; Univ Bretagne

Sud, LIMATB Lab Ingn Mat Bretagne, F-56321 Lorient, France

AUTHORS Le Duigou, A; Davies, P; Baley, C

TITLE Replacement of Glass/Unsaturated Polyester Composites by Flax/PLLA

Biocomposites: Is It Justified?

PUBLICATION NAME JOURNAL OF BIOBASED MATERIALS AND BIOENERGY

YEAR PUBLISHED 2011

ABSTRACT Extensive studies on biocomposites are already available in the literature.

However the simple fact that they come from renewable resources does not

necessarily mean that their environmental impact is lower. The aim of this paper

is to quantify the environmental impacts of flax/PLLA biocomposites using a

standard life cycle analysis (LCA) in order to evaluate their use as a replacement

for glass/unsaturated polyester composites. To fulfil the same mechanical

functions under tensile loading and over the life cycle flax/PLLA biocomposites

require significantly less non-renewable energy than glass/unsaturated polyester

(-97%), while a reduction in climate change (-38%), acidification (-36%), and

human toxicity (-85%) are observed. A few indicators are nevertheless higher such

as eutrophication (+60%), marine toxicity (+26%) and land use (+98%). Different

end-of-life scenarios have been evaluated, including incineration, land-filling,

aerobic and anaerobic composting and recycling. Although caution is required, as

176

there is little experience to date, recycling appears to be the most appropriate

end-of-life solution because it is top of the waste hierarchy. LCA allows new

protocols for material selection to be developed. Two performance indicators are

proposed here, which take the consumption of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas

emissions into account. The latter are greatly reduced for biocomposites, which

further supports their use as a replacement for glass/polyester composites.

APC ORGANIZATION Basque Energy Board, Renewable Energy Div, Bilbao, Spain

AUTHORS Galparsoro, I; Liria, P; Legorburu, I; Bald, J; Chust, G; Ruiz-Minguela, P; Perez, G;

Marques, J; Torre-Enciso, Y; Gonzalez, M; Borja, A

TITLE A Marine Spatial Planning Approach to Select Suitable Areas for Installing Wave

Energy Converters (WECs), on the Basque Continental Shelf (Bay of Biscay)

PUBLICATION NAME COASTAL MANAGEMENT

YEAR PUBLISHED 2012

ABSTRACT Recently, considerable interest has been generated in the wave energy

production. As a new use of the ocean, a Spatial Planning approach is proposed to

provide a mechanism to achieve consensus among the sectors operating at

present, together with the identification of the most suitable locations to

accommodate the Wave Energy Converters (WECs), in the near future. In this

contribution: (a) a methodology for the establishment of a Suitability Index (SI) for

WECs installation location selection is proposed; (b) the spatial distribution of the

SI is mapped; and finally, (c) the accessible wave energy potential has been

calculated for the entire Basque continental shelf. As the SI represents the

appropriateness of several locations for WECs installation, while minimizing the

conflict with other marine uses, the first step in the development of the analysis

involved gathering all such information that may be likely to determine, or

influence, the decision-making process. Seventeen information layers (among

them 10 technical, 4 environmental, and 3 socioeconomical), corresponding to

the identified key factors, including the theoretical wave energy in the study area,

were generated to define their spatial distribution. Geographical Information

System algorithms were used then in the assessment of the total theoretical

energy potential and the accessible theoretical energy potential; these were

calculated excluding areas where conflicts with other uses occur, such as

navigation regulations or designated Marine Protected Areas. The resulting map

indicates that, taking into account the zones not affected by "use conflicts,"

together with the estimated energy performance of the most advanced WECs

technology, the potential energy produced in the study area could supply

between 37% and 50% of the electrical consumption of households in the Basque

Country. This contribution could avoid the annual emission of 0.96 to 1.54 million

tons of CO2 into the atmosphere.

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APC ORGANIZATION Trinity Coll Dublin, Ctr Environm, Dublin 2, Ireland

AUTHORS Finnan, J; Styles, D; Fitzgerald, J; Connolly, J; Donnelly, A

TITLE Using a Strategic Environmental Assessment framework to quantify the

environmental impact of bioenergy plans

PUBLICATION NAME GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY BIOENERGY

YEAR PUBLISHED 2012

ABSTRACT Renewable energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets are driving an

acceleration in the use of bioenergy resources. The environmental impact of

national and regional development plans must be assessed in compliance with the

EU Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Directive (2001/42/EC). Here, we

quantify the environmental impact of an Irish Government bioenergy plan to

replace 30% of peat used in three peat-burning power stations, located within the

midlands region, with biomass. Four plan alternatives for supplying biomass to the

power plant were considered in this study: (1) importation of palm kernel shell

from south-east Asia, (2) importation of olive cake pellets from Spain and (3)

growing either willow or (4) Miscanthus in the vicinity of the power stations. The

impact of each alternative on each of the environmental receptors proposed in

the SEA Directive was first quantified before the data were normalized on either

an Irish, regional or global scale. Positive environmental impacts were very small

compared to the negative environmental impacts for each of the plan alternatives

considered. Comparison of normalized indicator values confirmed that the

adverse environmental consequences of each plan alternative are concentrated at

the location where the biomass is produced. The analysis showed that the adverse

environmental consequences of biomass importation are substantially greater

than those associated with the use of willow and Miscanthus grown on former

grassland. The use of olive cake pellets had a greater adverse environmental

effect compared to the use of peat whereas replacement of peat with either

willow or Miscanthus feedstocks led to a substantial reduction in environmental

pressure. The proposed assessment framework combines the scope of SEA with

the quantitative benefits of life cycle assessment and can be used to evaluate the

environmental consequences of bioenergy plans.

APC ORGANIZATION Univ Tecn Lisboa, Ctr Marine Technol & Engn CENTEC, Inst Super Tecn, Lisbon,

Portugal

AUTHORS Rusu, L; Soares, CG

178

TITLE Wave energy assessments in the Azores islands


YEAR PUBLISHED 2012

ABSTRACT Motivated by the fact that in isolated island environments the extraction of the

renewable energy becomes an issue of increasing importance, the objective of the

present work is to evaluate the wave energy patterns in the Archipelago of

Azores. An analysis of the wave climate in the target area is first carried out

considering both remotely sensed and historical data. As a further step, a wave

prediction system based on spectral wave models is implemented and validated

against satellite data in the coastal environment of the archipelago. Using the

above wave modelling system, the spatial distribution of the wave energy is

evaluated considering relevant wave patterns for both winter and summer

seasons. The results show some significant peaks of wave energy that usually

occur at the western edges of the islands. Scatter diagrams are developed for

some of these locations found richer in wave energy. Using these diagrams, an

evaluation is made for the average energy that would be provided in the

nearshore targeted locations by a PELAMIS installation. The results show that the

Archipelago of Azores has considerable resources of wave energy, some of them

located in the immediate vicinity of the shore.

APC ORGANIZATION Tecnalia Res & Innovat, Derio 48160, Spain

AUTHORS Madariaga, A; de Alegria, IM; Martin, JL; Eguia, P; Ceballos, S

TITLE Current facts about offshore wind farms


YEAR PUBLISHED 2012

ABSTRACT This paper reviews offshore wind projects with a wide perspective. The current

situation of the offshore wind market is presented, pointing out the countries

leading the process in terms of installed capacity and in terms of technological

leadership. Feasibility studies of alternative offshore wind farms (OWFs) are

interesting not only in relation to the business but in relation to the techno-

economical analyses that engineering researchers need to do. Details about the

average energy yield assessment, the costs and the price for the purchased

energy are commented on, as key elements of those feasibility studies. The higher

cost of renewable energy sources of electricity (RESE) when compared with

conventional sources, demands appropriate policy support. The European

regulatory framework and the support schemes established by European Member

States are presented, as well as the role that different transmission system

operators (TSOs) are playing at the moment. Finally, most of the OWFs currently

operating are presented, analysing the technical characteristics of their electric

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subsystems: the wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) transforming the

kinetic energy of the wind into electricity, the collector system (CS) gathering the

power output of all the turbines to a central collection point (CCP) and the

transmission system (TS) taking that power to the onshore main grid.

APC ORGANIZATION Univ Glasgow, Boyd Orr Ctr Populat & Ecosyst Hlth, Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth &

Comparat Med, Coll Med Vet & Life Sci, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland

AUTHORS Masden, EA; Reeve, R; Desholm, M; Fox, AD; Furness, RW; Haydon, DT

TITLE Assessing the impact of marine wind farms on birds through movement modelling

PUBLICATION NAME JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE

YEAR PUBLISHED 2012

ABSTRACT Advances in technology and engineering, along with European Union renewable

energy targets, have stimulated a rapid growth of the wind power sector. Wind

farms contribute to carbon emission reductions, but there is a need to ensure that

these structures do not adversely impact the populations that interact with them,

particularly birds. We developed movement models based on observed avoidance

responses of common eider Somateria mollissima to wind farms to predict, and

identify potential measures to reduce, impacts. Flight trajectory data that were

collected post-construction of the Danish Nysted offshore wind farm were used to

parameterize competing models of bird movements around turbines. The model

most closely fitting the observed data incorporated individual variation in the

minimum distance at which birds responded to the turbines. We show how such

models can contribute to the spatial planning of wind farms by assessing their

extent, turbine spacing and configurations on the probability of birds passing

between the turbines. Avian movement models can make new contributions to

environmental assessments of wind farm developments, and provide insights into

how to reduce impacts that can be identified at the planning stage.

APC ORGANIZATION Univ A Coruna, EPS, Ferrol 15403, Spain

AUTHORS Fernandez, H; Iglesias, G; Carballo, R; Castro, A; Fraguela, JA; Taveira-Pinto, F;

Sanchez, M

TITLE The new wave energy converter WaveCat: Concept and laboratory tests

PUBLICATION NAME MARINE STRUCTURES

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YEAR PUBLISHED 2012

ABSTRACT For wave energy to become a fully-fledged renewable, efficient and reliable Wave

Energy Converters (WECs) must be developed. The objectives of this article are to

present WaveCat, a recently patented WEC, and its proof of concept by means of

an experimental campaign in a large wave tank. WaveCat is a floating WEC whose

principle of operation is oblique overtopping; designed for offshore deployment

(in 50-100 m of water), it has two significant advantages: minimum (if at all)

impact on the shoreline, and access to a greater resource than nearshore or

shoreline WECs. It consists of two hulls, like a catamaran (hence its name); unlike

a catamaran, however, these hulls are not parallel but converging. Using a single-

point mooring to a CALM buoy, the bows of WaveCat are held to sea, so incident

waves propagate into the space between the hulls. Eventually, wave crests

overtop the inner hull sides, and overtopping water is collected in reservoirs at a

level higher than the (outer) sea level. As the water is drained back to sea, it

drives turbine-generator groups. The freeboard and draught, as well as the angle

between the hulls, can be varied depending on the sea state. After preliminary

tests with a fixed model of WaveCat in a wave flume, which constituted the first

step in the development of the WaveCat patent, in this work a floating model was

tested in a large wave tank. In addition to serving as a proof of concept of the

WaveCat model, this experimental campaign allowed to gather data that will be

used to calibrate and validate a numerical model with which to optimise the

design. In addition, it was found in the tests that the overtopping rates (and,

therefore, the power performance) greatly depended on the angle between hulls,

so that the possibility of varying this angle (as contemplated in the patent) should

indeed be incorporated into the prototype.

APC ORGANIZATION Univ Basque Country UPV EHU, Automat Control Grp, Dept Automat Control &

Syst Engn, Escuela Univ Ingn Tecn Ind Bilbao, Bilbao 48012, Spain

AUTHORS Garrido, AJ; Garrido, I; Amundarain, M; Alberdi, M; De la Sen, M

TITLE Sliding-Mode Control of Wave Power Generation Plants

PUBLICATION NAME IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS

YEAR PUBLISHED 2012

ABSTRACT The worldwide demand for energy requires alternatives to fossil fuels and nuclear

fission, so renewable resources, particularly ocean energy, are called to play a

relevant role in a near future. In particular, the oscillating water column (OWC) is

one of the most promising devices to harness energy from the sea, as it is the case

of the Nereida project plant, located in the Basque coast of Mutriku. This kind of

devices consists of a particular type of turbine and a doubly fed induction

generator. The turbogenerator module is usually controlled using a traditional

proportional-integral (PI)-based vector control scheme, which requires an

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accurate knowledge of the system parameters and lacks of robustness, limiting, in

some cases, the power extraction. To avoid these drawbacks, a novel sliding-

mode-control-based vector control scheme for the OWC plant is presented in this

paper. This variable-structure control is intrinsically robust under parameter

uncertainties, which always appear in real systems, and presents a convenient

disturbance rejection. The stability of the proposed controller is analyzed using

the Lyapunov theory. The performance of the control scheme presented is proved

by comparing it to the traditional PI-based vector control scheme in a series of

representative maximum power generation case studies. Both numerical

simulations and experimental results show that the proposed solution provides

high-performance dynamic characteristics, improving the power extraction in

spite of parameter uncertainties and system disturbances.

APC ORGANIZATION French Naval Acad, EA IRENav 3634, F-29240 Brest 9, France; Univ Brest, EA LBMS

4325, F-29238 Brest 03, France

AUTHORS Zhou, ZB; Benbouzid, M; Charpentier, JF; Scuiller, F; Tang, TH

TITLE A review of energy storage technologies for marine current energy systems


YEAR PUBLISHED 2013

ABSTRACT Increasing concerns about the depletion of fossil resources and the issue of

environment lead to a global need for producing more clean energy from

renewable sources. Ocean is appreciated as a vast source of renewable energies.

Considering marine renewable energies, it can be noticed that significant

electrical power can be extracted from marine tidal currents. However, the power

harnessed from marine tidal currents is highly fluctuant due to the swell effect

and the periodicity of the tidal phenomenon. To improve the power quality and

make the marine generation system more reliable, energy storage systems can

play a crucial role. In this paper, an overview and the state of art of energy storage

technologies are presented. Characteristics of various energy storage technologies

are analyzed and compared for this particular application. The comparison shows

that high-energy batteries like sodium-sulphur battery and flow battery are

favorable for smoothing the long-period power fluctuation due to the tide

phenomenon while supercapacitor and flywheel are more suitable for eliminating

short-period power disturbances due to swell or turbulence phenomena. This

means that hybrid storage technologies are needed for achieving optimal results

in tidal marine current energy applications.

APC ORGANIZATION Univ Coll Cork UCC, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Sustainable Energy Res Grp, Cork,

182

Ireland

AUTHORS Horgan, C

TITLE Using energy payback time to optimise onshore and offshore wind turbine

foundations


YEAR PUBLISHED 2013

ABSTRACT Ireland has a target of meeting 40% of its electricity requirement with renewable

energy by 2020. It is estimated that Ireland has a practical wind energy resource

of 613 TWh, which is about 21 times the total electricity requirement in Ireland at

the end of 2008. Therefore wind energy is worth pursuing, however many

technical challenges remain as it progresses offshore, one of which is the

foundation and this will be designed and optimised in this paper. Four different

wind turbine (WT) foundations will be designed and optimised in this paper,

which include the small-scale onshore, large-scale onshore, offshore monopile

and offshore gravity-based foundation. According to the European Wind Energy

Association, the foundation makes up on average 6.5% of the capital cost for

onshore projects and 34% of that of offshore projects. This justifies the need for

optimisations to be performed on all WT foundations to make wind energy more

cost-competitive with conventional forms of thermal electricity generation. The

primary driver in foundation size is wind loading, however it is also more desirable

to locate these structures in areas of high wind resources to maximise the annual

energy yield and consequently return on investment. Therefore a specific

indicator has been applied for this paper to measure performance of each

foundation in terms of its mass compared to the annual energy yield of the WT.

This indicator is the energy payback time (EPT) and it is minimised in order to

develop the most cost-effective and optimal foundation.

APC ORGANIZATION Environm Hydraul Inst IH Cantabria, Santander, Spain

AUTHORS Perez, B; Minguez, R; Guanche, R

TITLE Offshore wind farm layout optimization using mathematical programming

techniques


YEAR PUBLISHED 2013

ABSTRACT Offshore wind power is a renewable energy of growing relevance in current

electric energy systems, presenting favorable wind conditions in comparison with

the sites on land. However, the higher energy yield has to compensate the

increment in installation and maintenance costs, thus the importance of

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optimizing resources. One relevant aspect to increase profitability is the wind

farm layout. The aim of this paper is to propose a new method to maximize the

expected power production of offshore wind farms by setting the appropriate

layout, i.e. minimizing the wake effects. The method uses a sequential procedure

for global optimization consisting of two steps: i) an heuristic method to set an

initial random layout configuration, and ii) the use of nonlinear mathematical

programming techniques for local optimization, which use the random layout as

an initial solution. The method takes full advantage of the most up-to-date

mathematical programming techniques while performing a global optimization

approach, which can be easily parallelized. The performance of the proposed

procedure is tested using the German offshore wind farm Alpha Ventus, located in

the North Sea, yielding an increment of expected annual power production of

3.52% with respect to the actual configuration. According to current electricity

prices in Germany, this constitutes an expected profit increment of almost 1 M

per year.

APC ORGANIZATION Univ Cantabria, Environm Hydraul Inst IH Cantabria, Santander 39011, Spain

AUTHORS Guanche, R; Gomez, V; Vidal, C; Eguinoa, I

TITLE Numerical analysis and performance optimization of a submerged wave energy

point absorber

PUBLICATION NAME OCEAN ENGINEERING

YEAR PUBLISHED 2013

ABSTRACT A submerged wave energy point absorber, TWED (Torres Wave Energy Device),

has been studied under regular and irregular wave conditions. A partial non-linear

time domain model of the TWED has been implemented in Simulink. The

numerical model was exploited to test the sensibility of the TWED performance to

changes in some variables under regular waves: generator damping constant,

floater diameter, depth, frictions and drag coefficients. In this paper, the TWED

was also optimized for maximum energy production under a real wave climate. To

obtain the average wave performance of the converter, a 44 year series of data

record has been employed. The objective functions have been the Average

Absorbed Power (AAP) and the sea-state generator damping constant (K). After

the optimization, AAP full time series have been obtained. Then several statistics

analysis for AAP has been carried out for different time intervals; in order to study

the variability of AAP. In addition, an evaluation of the TWED behaviour in a sea

state in the Operation Limit has been studied. It has been found that the

instantaneous absorbed power in a sea state could be as much as 20 times higher

than the mean absorbed power.

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APC ORGANIZATION Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Econ, Dublin 2, Ireland

AUTHORS Denny, E; Keane, A

TITLE A Smart Integrated Network for an Offshore Island

PUBLICATION NAME PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE

YEAR PUBLISHED 2013

ABSTRACT This paper examines the potential to create an energy-independent smart

network for an island community utilizing ocean and wind energy. The analysis

involves the simulation of an extensive electrification of the heat and transport

sectors on the island and the use of renewable energy to maximize the fuel and

emission savings. This study involves a full renewable resource assessment for

both wind and ocean devices. It also includes the design of a smart-network

control algorithm to optimize the timing of electric vehicle charging and heat

pump usage to exploit available renewable energy and minimize cost. Results

indicate a dramatic reduction in total energy consumption through the

electrification of the heat and transport sectors. For the case study system, it is

recommended that efficiency measures be adopted prior to the deployment of

more advanced demand technologies and that air-source heat pumps be

prioritized over electric vehicle deployment due to the nature of energy demand

on the island and the capital costs involved.

APC ORGANIZATION Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Environm Res Inst, Cork, Ireland

AUTHORS Mc Garrigle, EV; Deane, JP; Leahy, PG

TITLE How much wind energy will be curtailed on the 2020 Irish power system?


YEAR PUBLISHED 2013

ABSTRACT This paper describes a model of the 2020 Irish electricity system which was

developed and solved in a mixed integer programming, unit commitment and

economic dispatch tool called PLEXOS (R). The model includes all generators on

the island of Ireland, a simplified representation of the neighbouring British

system including proposed wind capacity and interconnectors between the two

systems. The level of wind curtailment is determined under varying levels of three

influencing factors. The first factor is the amount of offshore wind, the second is

the allowed limit of system non-synchronous penetration (SNSP) and the third is

inclusion or exclusion of transmission constraints. A binding constraint, resulting

from the 2020 EU renewable energy targets, is that 37% of generation comes

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from wind. When the SNSP limit was increased from 60% to 75% there was a

reduction in wind curtailment from 14% to 7%, with a further reduction when the

proportion of wind capacity installed offshore was increased. Wind curtailment in

the range of SNSP limit of 70-100% is influenced primarily by the inclusion of

transmission constraints. Large changes in the dispatch of conventional

generators were also evident due to the imposition of SNSP limits and

transmission constraints.

APC ORGANIZATION Univ Politecn Cartagena UPCT, Dept Syst Engn & Automat, Cartagena Murcia,

Spain

AUTHORS Garcia-Cordova, F; Guerrero-Gonzalez, A

TITLE Intelligent Navigation for a Solar Powered Unmanned Underwater Vehicle

PUBLICATION NAME INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ROBOTIC SYSTEMS

YEAR PUBLISHED 2013

ABSTRACT In this paper, an intelligent navigation system for an unmanned underwater

vehicle powered by renewable energy and designed for shadow water inspection

in missions of a long duration is proposed. The system is composed of an

underwater vehicle, which tows a surface vehicle. The surface vehicle is a small

boat with photovoltaic panels, a methanol fuel cell and communication

equipment, which provides energy and communication to the underwater vehicle.

The underwater vehicle has sensors to monitor the underwater environment such

as sidescan sonar and a video camera in a flexible configuration and sensors to

measure the physical and chemical parameters of water quality on predefined

paths for long distances. The underwater vehicle implements a biologically

inspired neural architecture for autonomous intelligent navigation. Navigation is

carried out by integrating a kinematic adaptive neuro-controller for trajectory

tracking and an obstacle avoidance adaptive neuro-controller. The autonomous

underwater vehicle is capable of operating during long periods of observation and

monitoring. This autonomous vehicle is a good tool for observing large areas of

sea, since it operates for long periods of time due to the contribution of

renewable energy. It correlates all sensor data for time and geodetic position. This

vehicle has been used for monitoring the Mar Menor lagoon.

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3rdSTUDY. TECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTION IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES-

Activity 4 of the APC project: “Business Development”

K. Presentation of the study

PRESENTATION

The study “Technological Production in Marine Renewable Energies” is the third part of the work

done by the Fundación Universidade A Coruña within the activities of the “Atlantic Power Cluster”

project (APC). The first part of the work was dedicated to FP7 projects on Marine Renewable

Energies and the second part was devoted to Scientific Production on Marine Renewable Energies, as

it is reflected by scientific publications in journals of international scope.


The study aims to obtain, normalize and analyse data on PCT (Patent Cooperation Treaty) patents on

MRE, applied by organizations and individual inventors from all countries in the world. The exercise

here is to determine the technological situation of countries with APC regions in this worldwide

context.

INFORMATION SOURCE OF THE STUDY

187

The target of the analysis is the set of PCT patent applications in Marine Renewable Energies. The

Patent Cooperation Treaty was concluded in 1970, amended in 1979, and modified in 1984 and

2001. It is open to States party to the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property

(1883) and makes it possible to seek patent protection for an invention simultaneously in each of a

large number of countries by filing an international patent application. (Source: World International

Property Organization, WIPO).

INTEGRATION IN APC

The study is incorporated in the Activity 4 of the APC project: “Business Development”, identifying

challenges of the marine energy industry in the Atlantic Area and seeking to facilitate the

identification of new market opportunities in the EU offshore and marine energy sector. The work of

the Fundación Universidade A Coruña consists in a technological observatory task, based on patent

analysis, in order to determine the state of competition faced by firms in the renewable marine

energy from the regions participating in the project. The study leads to the identification of firms

that apply on patents and the technological contents patented on marine renewable energy.

L. Methodology of the Study

PATENT COOPERATION TREATY

The Study is based on information about PCT patents. An international patent application may be

filed by anyone who is a national or resident of a Contracting State. It may generally be filed with the

national patent office of the Contracting State of which the applicant is a national or resident or, at

the applicant's option, with the International Bureau of WIPO in Geneva. If the applicant is a national

or resident of a Contracting State which is party to the European Patent Convention, the Harare

Protocol on Patents and Industrial Designs (Harare Protocol), the revised Bangui Agreement Relating

to the Creation of an African Intellectual Property Organization or the Eurasian Patent Convention,

the international application may also be filed with the European Patent Office (EPO), the African

Regional Industrial Property Organization (ARIPO), the African Intellectual Property Organization

(OAPI) or the Eurasian Patent Office (EAPO), respectively. (Source: World International Property

Organization, WIPO).


The study of technological production in marine renewable energies uses this geographical

classification of countries:

– EU-ATLANTIC: Countries of the European Union with regions in the Atlantic Area. – EU-NON-ATLANTIC: Countries of the European Union without regions in the Atlantic Area. – EUROPE-NON-EU: European Countries not integrated in the European Union. – AMERICA – ASIA – REST OF THE WORLD

188

EU-ATLANTIC

Countries included in the Study:

– France – Ireland – Portugal – Spain – United Kingdom – Gibraltar (British overseas territory in Spain)

EU-NON-ATLANTIC


– Austria – Belgium – Denmark – Finland – Germany – Greece – Iceland – Italy – Netherlands – Slovakia – Sweden

EUROPE-NON-EU


– Norway – Russian Federation – Serbia – Switzerland – Turkey – Ukraine

AMERICA


189

– Brazil – Canada – Dominican Republic – Mexico – Panama – United States of America – British Virgin Islands (British overseas territory in the Caribbean)

ASIA


– China – India – Japan – Korea, Republic of – Malaysia – Singapore – Sri Lanka

REST OF THE WORLD


– Australia – Egypt – Israel – Morocco – Saudi Arabia – South Africa – Tunisia – United Arab Emirates

PATENT CLASSIFICATION

The acronym IPC stands for International Patent Classification. The International Patent

Classification (IPC), established by the Strasbourg Agreement 1971, provides for a hierarchical

classification system used primarily to classify and search patent documents (patent applications,

specifications of granted patents, utility models, etc.) according to the technical fields they pertain.

It therefore serves as an instrument for an orderly arrangement of the patent documents, a basis for

190

selective dissemination of information and a basis for investigating the state of the art in given fields

of technology. The appropriate IPC symbols are indicated on each patent document. The IPC symbols

are allotted by the national or regional industrial property office that publishes the patent

document. For PCT documents, IPC symbols are allotted by the International Searching Authority

(ISA). The classification scheme contains about 70.000 entries identified by classification symbols

that can be allotted to patent documents. These different classification places are arranged in a

hierarchical, tree-like structure.

– The highest hierarchical level is the eight “sections” of the IPC corresponding to very broad technical fields. For example, Section C deals with "Chemistry and Metallurgy".

– Sections are subdivided into “classes” (e.g. 120 in the eighth edition of the IPC. Class C21, for example, deals with the "Metallurgy of iron").

– Classes are further subdivided into more than 640 “subclasses”. Subclass A21B, for example, deals with "Bakers' ovens; Machines or equipment for baking".

– Subclasses are divided into main groups and subgroups. (Source: World International Property Organization, WIPO).

In the MRE Study, we use three levels of the IPC: section, class and subclass of the first IPC symbol

allotted to each patent.


The legal owner of a patent is designated as the “Assignee” on United States patents and as the

“Applicant” on patents in the rest of the world. There is a difference between being an “inventor”

and an “assignee” of a patent. The United States of America law, unlike other foreign laws, requires

a patent application to be in the name of the inventor. A company can not be the inventive entity.

The inventor is who conceived of the invention and contributes something to the conception of the

invention, not merely being the supervisor of the inventor. The assignee is the entity that has the

property right to the patent. Patents are property. The inventor and the assignee may be one in the

same, but an employee will more than likely assign a patent to a company. The assignment of a

patent is independent from the inventorship. A patent may be assigned to a series of different

entities, but the inventorship, once properly stated, does not change. (Source: World International

Property Organization, WIPO).

In the Study, we consider the assignees or applicants on patents. These applicants can be

organizations or individual persons. Three types of organization are included in the Study and also

the individual applicants:

– FIRM: private companies operating on the markets.

– RESO: research organizations, public agencies, private associations.

– UNIV: higher education organizations. – PERSON: individual applicant on the patent.

191


The seas and oceans are the largest solar collector and the world’s largest energy storage system,

representing a huge energy potential which using different technologies, can be transformed into

electricity and contribute to meet the current energy needs. The existing energy resources in the sea

is manifested in various forms: waves, currents, tides, temperature differences or thermal gradients

and salinity differences, which results in different technologies for exploiting the energy from the

sea:

– Tidal energy or tidal power

– Stream Energy

– Ocean Thermal Energy

– Wave Energy

– Blue energy or osmotic power

– Wind energy obtained in off-shore platforms, located far from the coast.

– Energy from algae.

TEMPORAL PERIOD

We use the filling and the publication date of the patents. The filling period is based on the filling

date and it is 2007-2012. The publication period is based on the publication date and it is 2007-2013.


Outputs of the Study “Technological Production in Marine Renewable Energies”:

– Exposition of recent technological contents in Marine Renewable Energies. – Benchmarking analysis of the European Union countries with Atlantic regions related to

other geographical areas in the world. – Identification of Firms, Universities and Research Organizations in European Union countries

with Atlantic regions. – Identifications of inventors, as individual applicants on the patents, from the European

Union countries with Atlantic regions. – Examples of PCT patents on MRE from APC regions.


192

Indicators are developed based on the information about technological production, in order to

provide a comparative description of technological activities carried out on Marine Renewable

Energies by organizations and individuals from European Union countries with Atlantic regions. This

information is relevant from a business perspective, since patent indicators show the competitive

advantages of firms and countries.

PATENTS AND APPLICANTS

We start the Study with the presentation of the patents in Marine Renewable Energies during the

period 2007-2013. This is the first part of the Study, with the exposition of the MRE technological

contents. Then, we consider the applicants on these patents and introduce the consideration of the

organizations and individuals, with their geographical assignation.

STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY “TECHNOLOGIC PRODUCTION IN MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES”

The study contains three levels of information and analysis:

– Analysis of PCT Patents on Marine Renewable Energies. – Analysis of Applicants of PCT patents on Marine Renewable Energies. – Examples of PCT patents from Regions Participating in Atlantic Power Cluster project.

M. PCT Patents on Marine Renewable Energies

MEASUREMENTS IN PCT PATENTS ON MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

In this first paragraph, we indicate the main measurements of the Study. We select a total number of

338 PCT patents on Marine Renewable Energies. The total number of applicants of these patents

were 863, including organizational and personal applicants. This represented a median of 2

applicants per patent.

Basic data on MRE patents

Number of MRE patents 338

Number of applicants on MRE patents 863

Number of applicants per MRE patent (mean) 2,6

Number of applicants per MRE patent

(median)

2

Minimun of applicants on MRE patents 1

193

Maximun of applicants on MRE patents 12

The mean number of applicants is better qualified in the histogram, where it is clear the high

number of patents with only one applicant.

Filing Year of PCT Patents on Marine Renewable Energies

The filing of PCT patents on MRE was growing between 2007 and 20012, with strong rising on 2009.

PCT patents on MRE by number of applicants(Total= 338 PCT patents)

Fuente: WIPO. Elaboration by Novatriz for FUAC in APC.

1 Applicant

2 Applicants

3 Applicants

4 Applicants

5 Applicants

6 Applicants

7 Applicants

8 Applicants

9 Applicants

10 Applicants

12 Applicants

0 10 20 30 40

38,2

23,1

16

10,7

4,4

3

1,8

0,3

1,5

0,9

0,3

%

194

Publication Year of PCT Patents on Marine Renewable Energies

Since 2007, the number of published PCT patents on MRE was growing, with less publication on

2013, because the year is not finished.

PCT patents on MRE by Year of Presentation(Total= 338 PCT patents)

Fuente: WIPO. Elaboration by Novatriz for FUAC in APC.2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

0

5

10

15

20

25

12,7 13

19,5 19,5 19,8

15,4

%

195

Type of Applicants in PCT Patents on Marine Renewable Energies

The applicants of the PCT patents can be of different type: organizational (firm, university, research

organization) and individual (persons). It is possible the existence of one patent with different types

of applicants. For instance, we have a patent whose applicants are one firm and two individuals. Our

criterion to classify the patents by type of applicant is:

– If the patent has an organizational applicant, the patent is assigned to this organizational applicant. In the example, the patent with one firm and two individuals as applicants is assigned to FIRM.

– If the patent has more than one organizational applicant, the patent is assigned to all the organizational applicants. For example, one patent with a firm, a university and three individuals is assigned to FIRM-UNIV.

– If the patent has not organizational applicant, the patent is assigned to the individual applicants. For example, one patent with four individual applicants is assigned to PERSON.

Then, we obtain a classification of PCT patents on MRE by types of applicants: FIRM, RESO, UNIV,

PERSON.

The principal technological actor in PCT patents on MRE was the FIRM. One half of the patent had a

company as applicant. Also it was very frequent the PCT patents with only individual applicants

PCT patents on MRE by Year of Publication(Total= 338 PCT patents)

Fuente: WIPO. Elaboration by Novatriz for FUAC in APC.2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

5

10

15

20

25

5,3

10,9

16

19,8

17,5

22,5

8

%

196

(PERSON). UNIV and RESO were not so frequent actors in PCT patents on MRE. There were also

some collaborative patents of FIRM-UNIV and RESO-UNIV.

Sections of PCT Patents on Marine Renewable Energies

The IPC Sections are:

A HUMAN NECESSITIES

B PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING

C CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY

D TEXTILES; PAPER

E FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS

F MECHANICAL ENGENEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS;

BLASTING ENGINES OR PUMPS

PCT patents on MRE by type of organization(Total= 338 PCT patents)


FIRM

PERSO

UNIV

FIRM-UNIV

RESO

RESO-UNIV

0 10 20 30 40 50

51,8

42,6

3,6

0,9

0,9

0,3

%

197

G PHYSICS

H ELECTRICITY

One patent can be classified by more than one IPC symbol. For our analysis, we use only the first IPC

symbol allotted to each patent.

It is necessary also to notice that some patents have an indirect relation with the Marine Renewable

Energies, but we consider it is relevant to know about them.

The PCT patents on MRE were principally classified in the F Section: MECHANICAL ENGENEERING;

LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING ENGINES OR PUMPS. More than 60% of the patents were

included in the F Section. The B Section had twelve per cent of the patents and E and G Sections,

seven per cent each one.

Type of Applicants and Sections of PCT Patents on Marine Renewable Energies

We expose here the distribution of patents of FIRM and PERSON by IPC sections. It is interesting to

investigate if there are differences between patents with individual or business applicants.

PCT Patents on MRE by IPC Sections(Total= 338 PCT patents)

Fuente: WIPO. Elaboration by Novatriz for FUAC in APC.IPC: International Patent Classification

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

0,3

12,1

5

0

7,4

63,3

7,1

4,7

%

198

FIRM and PERSON patented preferably in section F; but FIRM had more distributed their patents

along all the IPC sections; while PERSON was more concentrated in section F.

Classes of PCT Patents on Marine Renewable Energies

The IPC Classes assigned to PCT patents on MRE are:

A01 AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING

B01 PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL

B60 VEHICLES IN GENERAL

B63 SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT

B64 AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS

B66 HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING

C01 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

C02 TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE

C09 DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; MISCELLANEOUS

COMPOSITIONS; MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS

C12 BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY;

PCT Patents on MRE of FIRM and PERSON by IPC Sectio ns(FIRM= 174 PCT patents)

(PERSON= 145 PCT patents)


A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

0 20 40 60 80 100

0,6

14,3

5,7

0

10,3

48,6

13,1

7,4

0

7,6

4,2

0

4,2

81,9

0

2,1

%

FIRM

PERSON

199

MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING

C25 ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR

E02 HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING

E03 WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE

E04 BUILDING

E21 EARTH DRILLING; MINING

F01 MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES

F02 COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS

F03 MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING WEIGHT AND MISCELLANEOUS

MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER; OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST,

NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

F04 POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC

FLUIDS

F15 FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL

F16 ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND

MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL

INSULATION IN GENERAL

F22 STEAM GENERATION

F23 COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES

F24 HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING

F25 REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS;

HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION

SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES

G01 MEASURING; TESTING

G06 COMPUTING; CALCULATING; COUNTING

G10 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS

H01 BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS

H02 GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER

200

The main IPC Class in MRE was F03: MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING WEIGHT

AND MISCELLANEOUS MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER; OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE

THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR. The F03 patents represented the 55,9% of the PCT

patents in MRE.

Other frequent IPC Classes were: B63 (SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED

EQUIPMENT); G01 (MEASURING; TESTING); E02 (HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL

SHIFTING); H02 (GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER); B01

(PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL) and C02 (TREATMENT OF WATER,

WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE). These 6 Classes were the 28,4% of the PCT patents on MRE.

PCT patents on MRE by IPC Classes (A, B, C, E Secti ons) (Total= 338 PCT patents)


A01

B01

B60

B63

B64

B66

C01

C02

C09

C12

C25

E02

E03

E04

E21

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

0,3

3

0,9

7,4

0,6

0,3

0,3

3

0,3

0,6

0,9

5,3

0,3

0,6

1,2

%

201

Subclasses of PCT Patents on Marine Renewable Energies

The IPC Subclasses of the PCT patents on MRE are:

A01K ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING

ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS

B01D SEPARATION

B60K ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN

VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS;

AUXILIARY DRIVES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS

IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST, OR FUEL SUPPLY, OF

PROPULSION UNITS, IN VEHICLES

B60L ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT OR PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES;

MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE

SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES, IN GENERAL

B60P VEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY OR TO

COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECT

PCT patents on MRE by IPC Classes (F, G, H Sections ) (Total= 338 PCT patents)


F01

F02

F03

F04

F15

F16

F22

F23

F24

F25

G01

G06

G10

H01

H02

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

2,1

1,8

55,9

0,9

0,3

0,3

0,3

0,3

1,2

0,3

6,5

0,3

0,3

1,5

3,3

%

202

B63B SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING

B63C LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER;

EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR

SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECT

B63H MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING

B63J AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS

B64B AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS (B). LIGHTER-THAN AIR AIRCRAFT (B64B)

B64C AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS (B). AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS (B64C)

B66C CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR

TACKLES

C01C AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF

C02F TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE

C09D COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES ;

CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS ; INKS ; CORRECTING FLUIDS ; WOODSTAINS ; PASTES

OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING ; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR

C12M APPARATUS FOR ENZIMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; [N: APPARATUS FOR CULTURING

MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING

FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS

C12N MICRO-ORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF

C25B ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS

OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR

E02B HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING

E02D FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS, EMBANKMENTS (specially adapted for hydraulic

engineering E02B); UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURE

E03F SEWERS; CESSPOOLS

E04G SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR OTHER BUILDING AIDS,

OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP

OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS

E04H BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH

BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL

E21B EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR

MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS

203

F01B MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM

ENGINES

F01C ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES

F01K STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE

PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES

F01N GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL;

GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

F01P COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION

ENGINES

F02B INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL

F02C GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL

SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANT

F02M SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL, WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR

CONSTITUENTS THEREOF

F03B MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS

F03D WIND MOTORS

F03G SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES

OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT

OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

F04B POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS

F04C ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR

LIQUIDS (engines F03C); ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-

DISPLACEMENT PUMPS

F04D NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS

F15D FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR

LIQUIDS

F16L PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE

TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL

F22D PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER ; FEED-WATER SUPPLY ;

CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL ; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION

WITHIN BOILERS

F23G CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION

204

F24J PRODUCING OR USE OF HEAT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

F25D REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT

COVERED BY ANY OTHER SUBCLASS

G01C MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC

INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY

G01K MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE

ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

G01N INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

G01S RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY

BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE

REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING

OTHER WAVES

G01V GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS

G06F ELECTRICAL DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING

G10K SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

H01B CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE,

INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES

H01L SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED

FOR

H01M PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL INTO

ELECTRICAL ENERGY

H02J CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC

POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERG

H02K DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES

H02M APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN

DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS;

CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR

REGULATION THEREOF

H02N ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

H02P CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, GENERATORS, OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC

CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS

205

The principal subclass, with 44,1% of the PCT patents on MRE, was F03B (MACHINES OR ENGINES

FOR LIQUIDS).

Other frequent subclasses, with the 33,1% of the patents, were: F03D (WIND MOTORS); G01V

(GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS); F03G (SPRING,

WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS,

NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR);

E02B (HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING); B63B (SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT

FOR SHIPPING); B01D (SEPARATION); C02F ( TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE,

OR SLUDGE); B63H (MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING).

Here we present the percentage of PCT patents in IPC Subclasses of Sections A, B, C and E.

Here we present the Title of PCT patents in IPC sections A, B, C and E.

PCT Patents on Marine Renewable Energies (Sections A, B, C, E)

IPC

Section

Publication Number Title

PCT patents on MRE by IPC Subclasses (Sections A, B , C, E) (Total= 338 PCT patents)


A01KB01DB60KB60LB60PB63BB63CB63HB63JB64BB64CB66CC01CC02FC09DC12MC12NC25BE02BE02DE03FE04GE04HE21B

0 10 20 30 40 50

0,33

0,30,30,3

3,80,3

2,40,9

0,30,30,30,3

30,30,30,30,9

4,11,2

0,30,30,3

1,2

%

206

A WO/2009/032836 AUTOMATED POSITIONING AND SUBMERSIBLE OPEN OCEAN PLATFORM

B WO/2007/124968 METHOD FOR OPERATION OF A MARINE-VESSEL PROPULSION SYSTEM

WITH WASTE-HEAT RECOVERY, AS WELL AS A MARINE-VESSEL

PROPULSION SYSTEM WITH WASTE-HEAT RECOVERY

B WO/2007/130334 HEAVE PLATE WITH VERTICAL STRUCTURES

B WO/2008/003823 MARINE VESSEL POWER GENERATION SYSTEM

B WO/2008/026013 SPECIALISED HYDRODYNAMIC STRUCTURE OF HULLS FOR SEA-VESSELS

B WO/2008/060435 OSMOTIC HEAT ENGINE

B WO/2008/114197 ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION PROCESS

B WO/2008/124028 ENERGY CONVERSION TO OR FROM ROTATIONAL MOTION

B WO/2008/147545 ENHANCEMENT OF VORTEX INDUCED FORCES AND MOTION THROUGH

SURFACE ROUGHNESS CONTROL

B WO/2009/019326 REDUCING THE BOUNDARY LAYER OF AERODYNAMIC EFFECTS

B WO/2009/030807 ARRANGEMENT AND METHOD FOR IMPROVING LOAD RESPONSE IN A

MARINE VESSEL

B WO/2009/076659 HYBRID PROPULSION SYSTEMS

B WO/2009/124372 INTEGRATED METHOD OF OBTAINING LNG AND CNG AND ENERGY

CONFORMITY THEREOF

B WO/2010/022464 HYBRID MARINE DRIVETRAIN

B WO/2010/049687 METHOD OF CARBON SEQUESTRATION

B WO/2010/051088 APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR WIDESPREAD COMMERCIALIZATION OF

HYDROGEN AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL SOURCE

B WO/2010/054466 AN ELECTRONIC METHOD OF CONTROLLING PROPULSION AND

REGENERATION FOR ELECTRIC. HYBRID-ELECTRIC AND DIESEL-ELECTRIC

MARINE CRAFTS, AND AN APPARATUS THEREFOR

B WO/2010/088919 OSMOTIC ENERGY RESERVOIR

B WO/2010/089791 INTEGRATED CONTROL SYSTEM FOR THE ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLIERS

AND THE GALVANIC PROTECTION SYSTEM ON SHIPS

B WO/2010/091829 APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY

PLANTS

207

B WO/2010/118975 DRIVE SYSTEM FOR A FACILITY HAVING AN ALTERNATING-CURRENT

ISOLATED NETWORK

B WO/2011/000207 OFFSHORE WAVE, WIND AND SOLAR ENERGY INTEGRATED POWER

GENERATING FLEET

B WO/2011/048578 UNDERWATER PIPE APPLIED TO THE EXPLOITATION OF OCEAN THERMAL

ENERGY

B WO/2011/064252 REGULATING PRESSURE CONDITIONS IN OSMOTIC SYSTEMS

B WO/2011/100965 ONSHORE PRODUCTION FACILITY FOR OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY

SYSTEMS AND METHOD FOR CREATING AT LEAST PARTIALLY FINISHED

OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS

B WO/2011/104413 MOORING BUOY FOR A SUBMERGED DEVICE RECOVERING ENERGY FROM

CURRENTS IN WATER

B WO/2011/133047 BOAT LIFT

B WO/2011/144778 PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDRAULIC ENERGY AND

PRODUCTION OF POTABLE WATER BY DIRECT OSMOSIS

B WO/2012/002263 HOLLOW FIBER FORWARD OSMOSIS MEMBRANE

B WO/2012/030041 SHIP FOR PROCESSING MARINE WASTE INTO RESOURCE FOR COLLECTING

MARINE WASTE AT SEA, PREPROCESSING, AND SUPPLYING POWER TO

ISLAND REGIONS

B WO/2012/030042 SHIP FOR PROCESSING MARINE WASTE INTO RESOURCE PROVIDED WITH

ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY PROCESSING DEVICE AND SHIP LOAD

ADJUSTMENT DEVICE, FOR COLLECTING MARINE WASTE AT SEA,

PREPROCESSING, AND SUPPLYING POWER TO ISLAND REGIONS

B WO/2012/066223 INSTALLATION AND METHOD FOR EXPLOITING WIND ENERGY

B WO/2012/089845 PROPULSION SYSTEM

B WO/2012/092503 ELECTRONIC SYSTEM AND METHOD OF AUTOMATING, CONTROLLING,

AND OPTIMIZING THE OPERATION OF ONE OR MORE ENERGY STORAGE

UNITS AND A COMBINED SERIAL AND PARALLEL HYBRID MARINE

PROPULSION SYSTEM

B WO/2012/127015 A MOORING COMPONENT HAVING A SMOOTH STRESS-STRAIN RESPONSE

TO HIGH LOADS

B WO/2012/149141 FORWARD OSMOSIS MEMBRANE WITH BLENDED POLYMERIC SUPPORT

B WO/2012/156425 AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER SYSTEM FOR 4D ENVIRONMENTAL

208

MONITORING

B WO/2013/004240 A METHOD FOR PRODUCING AND STORING DESALINATED WATER ON A

MARINE VESSEL

B WO/2013/014938 PROPELLER WITH SMALL DUCT, AND SHIP

B WO/2013/018036 REVERSE OSMOSIS DESALINATOR

B WO/2013/034446 AN APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR GENERATING USEFUL ENERGY

B WO/2013/040871 PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE FLOATING PLATFORM FOR SUPPORTING

OFFSHORE WIND TURBINE AND MARINE ENERGY GENERATOR

C WO/2008/033824 METHOD OF PROCESSING LIQUID ORGANIC WASTE TO SOLID FUEL;

GREENHOUSE GAS PURIFICATION AND OXIDIZATION

C WO/2008/117284 SYSTEM FOR ELECTROLYSIS UNDER PRESSURE

C WO/2009/055884 SEA WATER DESALINATION SYSTEM DRIVEN BY WAVE ENERGY

C WO/2009/155703 SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR OBTAINING THERMALLY STABLE HIGH-

DENSITY CRYOGENIC HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN FROM AN OCEAN SOURCE

C WO/2010/048225 A SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THERMOPHILIC ANAEROBIC DIGESTER

PROCESS

C WO/2010/050733 APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR BALLAST WATER TREATMENT USING

PLASMA

C WO/2010/141559 SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CULTIVATING, HARVESTING AND

PROCESSING BIOMASS

C WO/2011/081234 METHOD FOR CULTIVATING MARINE MICROALGAE USING EFFLUENTS

FROM A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

C WO/2011/097002 DISPERSION OF OIL USING ARTIFICIALLY GENERATED WAVES

C WO/2011/134302 SEAWATER DESALINATION TREATMENT SYSTEM, POWER GENERATION

SYSTEM AND COMPREHENSIVE ENERGY UTILIZATION SYSTEM USING TIDE

ENERGY

C WO/2012/011821 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR LOW ENERGY PURIFICATION OF WATER

C WO/2012/027901 COMPREHENSIVE SEAWATER UTILIZATION METHOD FOR ENERGY SAVING

AND EMISSION REDUCTION

C WO/2012/058657 HIGH HARDNESS LOW SURFACE ENERGY COATING

C WO/2012/070055 PROCESS, SYSTEM AND CONFIGURATION FOR INTEGRATED OCEAN

209

ENERGY CUM DESALINATION SYSTEM

C WO/2012/120912 SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING FRESH WATER

C WO/2012/123380 PRODUCTION AND USE OF CYANOGUANIDINE AND CYANAMIDE

C WO/2012/142996 WATER TREATMENT FOR THE ELECTROLYSIS OF WATER

E WO/2008/006145 WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER

E WO/2008/072241 SYSTEM FOR GENERATING ENERGY FROM SEA WAVES

E WO/2008/101510 THE LOW DAM (BUILD UNDER THE SEA LEVEL)

E WO/2008/114072 NETWORK OF HYDROELECTRIC PLANTS SUPPLIED WITH SEA WATER BY

RENEWABLE ENERGIES FOR STORING SAME

E WO/2009/020396 STEALTH ORIFICE

E WO/2009/023450 FIXED SECURITY BARRIER

E WO/2009/024933 AQUATIC SYSTEM FOR ENERGY STORAGE IN THE FORM OF COMPRESSED

AIR

E WO/2009/044161 UNDERWATER FOUNDATION

E WO/2009/111861 SUBMERGED GENERATION AND STORAGE SYSTEM (SUBGENSTOR)

E WO/2009/121336 DEVICE FOR DAMPING AND SCATTERING HYDROSOUND IN A LIQUID

E WO/2010/003416 OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION

E WO/2010/076283 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PUMPING LIQUID FROM AN OFFSHORE

NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION WELL

E WO/2010/104342 POROUS UNDERWATER BREAKWATER FOR PREVENTING SHORE EROSION

AND FORMING A FISHING GROUND, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING

ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY BLOCKS FOR THE UNDERWATER

BREAKWATER

E WO/2010/104475 DEVICE AND SYSTEM FOR EXTRACTING TIDAL ENERGY

E WO/2011/026173 DEVICE FOR CAPTURING ENERGY FROM AN OSCILLATING DRIVE MEMBER

E WO/2011/026213 VIADUCT SUPPORTED BY HYDRODYNAMIC ARRAY

E WO/2011/075795 WAVE ENERGY EXTRACTION SYSTEM USING AN OSCILLATING WATER

COLUMN ATTACHED TO THE COLUMNS OF AN OFFSHORE PLATFORM

E WO/2011/121424 A METHOD AND AN APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING ENERGY BY EXPANDING

A GAS AT A WELLHEAD

210

E WO/2011/123871 DAM STRUCTURE AND HYDROELECTRIC DAM CONSTRUCTION

THEREFROM

E WO/2012/080717 MARINE STRUCTURE ANCHOR

E WO/2012/110808 HABITABLE STRUCTURE

E WO/2012/116284 LASER ASSISTED RISER DISCONNECT AND METHOD OF USE

E WO/2012/152483 OFFSHORE FOUNDATION FOR WIND ENERGY INSTALLATIONS

E WO/2013/044978 METHOD OF BUILDING AN OFFSHORE POWER STORAGE FACILITY AND

CORRESPONDING OFFSHORE POWER STORAGE FACILITY

E WO/2013/060703 WORKING PLATFORM FOR AN OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY PLANT AND

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

Here we present the percentage of PCT patents in IPC Subclasses of Section F.

PCT patents on MRE by IPC Subclasses (Section F) (Total= 338 PCT patents)


F01BF01CF01KF01NF01PF02BF02CF02MF03BF03DF03GF04BF04CF04DF15DF16LF22DF23GF24JF25D

0 10 20 30 40 50

0,30,30,60,60,30,30,3

1,244,1

7,14,7

0,30,30,30,30,30,30,3

1,20,3

%

211

Now it is presented the Title of the PCT patents in IPC Section F.

PCT Patents on Marine Renewable Energies (Section F)

IPC

Section


F WO/2007/077555 CONVERSION OF OCEAN WAVE ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL POWER

F WO/2007/086037 TIDAL ENERGY SYSTEM

F WO/2007/088325 DISTENSIBLE TUBE WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER

F WO/2007/112241 INTERMITTENT FORCE POWERED ELECTROMAGNETIC CONVERTERS

ESPECIALLY FOR SEA WAVES

F WO/2007/122376 OFFSHORE APPARATUS FOR CAPTURING ENERGY

F WO/2007/125349 TIDAL CURRENT TURBINE

F WO/2007/130252 WAVE POWERED GENERATION USING ELECTROACTIVE POLYMERS

F WO/2007/130253 WAVE POWERED GENERATION

F WO/2007/130525 OCEAN WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER

F WO/2007/141687 WAVE TURBINE OPERATING OUT OF WATER ON THE PLANE

PERPENDICULAR TO THE INCOMING WAVE

F WO/2007/147035 HEAT TRANSFER FOR OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION

F WO/2007/148120 AN ELECTRICITY GENERATION SYSTEM EXTRACTING ENERGY FROM

LIQUID FLOWS

F WO/2008/001080 DEVICE FOR ENHANCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POWER CONVERSION

FROM WIND AND OTHER FLUIDS

F WO/2008/019436 ENERGY EXTRACTION METHOD AND APPARATUS

F WO/2008/022550 AN OCEAN WAVE POWER GENERATOR

F WO/2008/036141 OCEAN POWER HARVESTER

F WO/2008/051446 RIVER AND TIDAL POWER HARVESTER

F WO/2008/051642 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONVERTING OCEAN WAVE ENERGY

INTO ELECTRICITY

F WO/2008/052286 BOUYANT ACTUATOR

212

F WO/2008/053293 DEVICE FOR CONVERTING SEA WAVE ENERGY INTO MECHANICAL

POWER

F WO/2008/054226 UNDERWATER POWER PLANT AND METHOD OF USING SEA CURRENTS

F WO/2008/062319 MARINE ENERGY HYBRID

F WO/2008/072262 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SYSTEM

F WO/2008/090302 HYDRO COLUMN

F WO/2008/091172 MOBILE UNDERWATER PLATFORM FOR USING ENERGY OF THE WATER

CURRENT AND RIVER FLUX FLOW RATE

F WO/2008/094046 A DEVICE FOR UTILISING OCEAN-WAVE ENERGY

F WO/2008/103344 OCEAN WAVE AIR PISTON

F WO/2008/104121 WAVE ENERGY COLLECTING AND GENERATING APPARATUS

F WO/2008/109062 METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR POWER GENERATION

F WO/2008/118223 CYCLOIDAL POWER GENERATOR

F WO/2008/125707 SUBMERGIBLE SYSTEM FOR EXPLOITING THE ENERGY OF MARINE

CURRENTS

F WO/2008/129583 AQUATIC SYSTEM FOR THE INCINERATION AND/OR ENERGY RECOVERY

FROM WASTE COMBUSTION

F WO/2008/134868 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR EXTRACTING POWER FROM FLUID

F WO/2008/140962 PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL THERMAL POWER GENERATOR

F WO/2008/154103 FLUID PROPERTY REGULATOR

F WO/2009/005383 JOINT SYSTEM FOR CONVERTION OF EOLIC, SOLAR, SEA WAVES AND

MARINE CURRENT ENERGIES

F WO/2009/016409 APPARATUS FOR GENERATING ELECTRICITY FROM MARINE ENERGY

COMPRISING DC GENERATORS IN SERIES AND METHOD THEREOF

F WO/2009/017021 DEEP SEA WATER LIFT-UP DEVICE

F WO/2009/037515 PROCESS AND SYSTEMS

F WO/2009/039667 SYSTEMS FOR EXPLOITING THE THERMAL ENERGY AT THE BOTTOM OF

THE OCEAN

F WO/2009/049269 TIDAL POWER SYSTEM

213

F WO/2009/060154 ENERGY RECOVERY DEVICE BASED ON THE MOVEMENT OF

SUBMERGED SHUTTLES DRIFTING IN A MARINE OR RIVER CURRENT

AND COMPRISING DEPLOYABLE ELEMENTS

F WO/2009/064328 WATER WAVE-BASED ENERGY TRANSFER SYSTEM

F WO/2009/067339 SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS FOR

OFFSHORE VESSEL NAVIGATION

F WO/2009/067371 OCEAN ENERGY SYSTEM AND METHOD

F WO/2009/074254 UNDERWATER TURBINE

F WO/2009/076726 APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING ENERGY FROM FLOWING WATER

F WO/2009/081162 TIDAL FLOW POWER GENERATION

F WO/2009/088311 DEVICE FOR WAVE ENERGY EXTRACTION

F WO/2009/090192 WAVE ENERGY ABSORBER

F WO/2009/096627 INTEGRATED POWER SYSTEM COMBINING TIDAL POWER GENERATION

AND OCEAN CURRENT POWER GENERATION

F WO/2009/098588 STEAM STORAGE SYSTEM FOR ARTIFICIAL SOLAR ISLAND

F WO/2009/104496 APPARATUS FOR EXPELLING ENERGY AWAY FROM THE EARTH IN

ORDER TO SUPPRESS GLOBAL WARMING

F WO/2009/114430 NAUTICAL TORQUE TECHNOLOGY

F WO/2009/119934 COMPLEX OCEAN POWER SYSTEM COMBINING SLUICE POWER AND

OCEAN CURRENT POWER

F WO/2009/120930 RIGID STRUCTURAL ARRAY

F WO/2009/125429 DOUBLE ACTING POWER TAKE OFF FOR OCEAN WAVE ENERGY

CONVERTER

F WO/2009/130347 SYSTEM FOR GENERATING ENERGY FROM MARINE DYNAMICS

F WO/2009/130730 VARIABLE GEOMETRY DIFFUSER AUGMENTATION DEVICE FOR WIND

OR MARINE CURRENT TURBINES

F WO/2009/131459 ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM

F WO/2009/131461 ENERGY SYSTEM

F WO/2009/137884 IMPROVED OCEAN WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER

F WO/2009/141536 WING-TIP DEVICE FOR THE TIP OF A WING, THE BLADE OF A WIND

214

GENERATOR OR OF A MARINE GENERATOR FOR REDUCING OR EVEN

CANCELLING WHAT ARE KNOWN AS WING‑TIP VORTICES

F WO/2009/145745 NEW RECIPROCATING MACHINES AND OTHER DEVICES

F WO/2009/147241 APPARATUS FOR INDIRECT CONVERSION OF OCEAN WAVE ENERGY

INTO ELECTRIC ENERGY

F WO/2009/148296 WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION PLANT

F WO/2009/152606 WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM

F WO/2009/153787 A SYSTEM FOR TRANSFORMATION OF OCEAN WAVE ENERGY INTO

USEFUL ENERGY

F WO/2009/154475 WAVE POWER PLANT

F WO/2009/155140 HYDROGEN GENERATION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

F WO/2010/007437 APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR ENERGY EXTRACTION

F WO/2010/011268 OPEN OCEAN WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER

F WO/2010/015209 AN OCEANIC WAVE ENERGY UTILIZATION SYSTEM

F WO/2010/015674 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF AIR IN WIND

TURBINES

F WO/2010/016972 OCEAN WAVE ELECTRICITY GENERATION

F WO/2010/018369 UNDERWATER TURBINE WITH FINNED DIFFUSER FOR FLOW

ENHANCEMENT

F WO/2010/022474 IMPROVEMENTS IN OCEAN WAVE ENERGY EXTRACTION

F WO/2010/024623 ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY POWER-GENERATION APPARATUS FOR

CLEAN POWER GENERATION AND A METHOD OF GENERATING POWER

USING THE DESCENT OF A WEIGHT

F WO/2010/026437 FOCUSING COLLECTOR OPTICAL AND ENERGY SYSTEM

F WO/2010/027227 METHOD FOR INSTALLING STOREHOUSE AND METHOD FOR

INSTALLING ICEHOUSE

F WO/2010/031038 OCEAN WAVE ELECTRICAL GENERATOR

F WO/2010/035978 OFFSHORE WIND POWER GENERATOR

F WO/2010/044427 SUPERHEATED STEAM GENERATOR, POWER GENERATION SHIP, AND

CONNECTING ROBOT

215

F WO/2010/044674 DEVICE FOR A WINCH-OPERATED WAVE-ENERGY-ABSORBING BUOY

F WO/2010/055278 A SAFE DAM COMPLEX TO EXTRACT STORE AND CONVERT RENEWABLE

ENERGIES

F WO/2010/060504 ENERGY ACCUMULATION SYSTEM AND METHOD

F WO/2010/064041 IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO RENEWABLE ENERGY

F WO/2010/064770 TIDAL POWER GENERATION APPARATUS

F WO/2010/065791 UTILITY SCALE OSMOTIC GRID STORAGE

F WO/2010/071332 TIDAL CURRENT POWER GENERATOR HAVING AN IMPELLER-TYPE

ROTATING BLADE

F WO/2010/076617 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONVERTING OCEAN WAVE ENERGY

INTO ELECTRICITY

F WO/2010/077150 ENERGY CONVERTER

F WO/2010/077158 WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER AND THE 3-PHASE MECHANIC METHOD

F WO/2010/078903 A ROTARY MOUNT FOR A TURBINE

F WO/2010/080052 LOW-HEAD ORTHOGONAL TURBINE

F WO/2010/080143 UNDER THE BOTTOM OCEAN WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER

F WO/2010/082011 RIVER / TIDAL ENERGY CONVERTER

F WO/2010/087600 NATURAL FORCE-CONVERTING SYSTEM

F WO/2010/093253 OFFSHORE WIND TURBINE

F WO/2010/101017 COMBINATION ENGINE WITH VARIOUS ENERGY CONSERVATION

CYCLES

F WO/2010/102743 TIDAL STREAM ENERGY DEVICE ALIGNMENT CONTROL

F WO/2010/107316 AQUATIC TURBINE APPARATUS

F WO/2010/108163 OFFSHORE FLOATING OCEAN ENERGY SYSTEM

F WO/2010/108385 ELECTRICITY-GENERATING POWER MACHINE

F WO/2010/114391 A SUBMERSIBLE GENERATOR UTILIZING ENERGY IN OCEAN CURRENTS

F WO/2010/115241 ENERGY RELEASE BUOYANT ACTUATOR

F WO/2010/116530 OCEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY CONVERTER

216

F WO/2010/126229 SMALL-SCALE, LARGE-CAPACITY, SEAWATER-FLOW POWER

GENERATOR FOR HIGH-SPEED SEAWATER FLOWS

F WO/2010/136782 ENERGY HARNESSING DEVICE

F WO/2010/139593 WAVE POWER PLANT ACCORDING TO THE PRINCIPLE OF THE

OSCILLATING WATER COLUMN

F WO/2010/144567 HYDROKINETIC ENERGY TRANSFER DEVICE AND METHOD

F WO/2010/144984 HYDROPNEUMATIC POWER STATION WITH A SUBMERGED,

CYLINDRICAL POWER HOUSE AND A LAND PLATFORM

F WO/2010/144985 SHIELDED SUBMERGED HYDROPNEUMATIC POWER STATION

F WO/2010/144986 HYDROPNEUMATIC POWER STATION WITH UNDERGROUND POWER

HOUSE AND LAND PLATFORM

F WO/2011/005100 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING TIDAL ENERGY, AND

APPLICATIONS THEREOF

F WO/2011/011844 HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATION WITH WATER RE-USE

F WO/2011/018543 DEVICE FOR CONVERTING SEA WAVE ENERGY INTO USABLE ENERGY

F WO/2011/023848 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE ARRANGEMENT

F WO/2011/025387 APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING TIDAL AND WAVE ENERGY

F WO/2011/028402 INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF SUPPLEMENTED OCEAN THERMAL

ENERGY CONVERSION (SOTEC) SYSTEMS

F WO/2011/032143 SUBMERSIBLE HYDROELECTRIC POWER GENERATOR AND METHODS

THEREOF

F WO/2011/034677 ENERGY CONVERSION ASSEMBLIES AND ASSOCIATED METHODS OF

USE AND MANUFACTURE

F WO/2011/037547 WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION

F WO/2011/043846 VENTURI BASED OCEAN WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM

F WO/2011/060183 SYSTEM FOR WAVE ENERGY HARVESTING EMPLOYING TRANSPORT OF

STORED ENERGY

F WO/2011/060265 HYDROKINETIC ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM

F WO/2011/061558 OMNIDIRECTIONAL WIND TURBINE FOR POWER GENERATION

F WO/2011/062506 PLANT FOR PRODUCTION OF ENERGY

217

F WO/2011/065447 EXHAUST GAS TREATMENT DEVICE

F WO/2011/067586 TIDAL TURBINE SYSTEM

F WO/2011/071882 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR OSMOTIC POWER GENERATION

F WO/2011/074278 COMBINED TIDAL/WIND POWER GENERATOR

F WO/2011/083957 ROTATING POWER GENERATOR USING GRAVITY AND THE WEIGHT OF

LIQUID

F WO/2011/093591 FLOATING LNG REVAPORIZATION EQUIPMENT

F WO/2011/094000 FLEXIBLE FLUID CONTAINER PUMP

F WO/2011/098685 MODULE FOR RECOVERING ENERGY FROM MARINE AND FLUVIAL

CURRENTS

F WO/2011/098686 SUPPORT UNIT FOR A DEVICE FOR RECOVERING ENERGY FROM

MARINE AND FLUVIAL CURRENTS

F WO/2011/102746 TURBINE WITH RADIAL INLET AND OUTLET ROTOR FOR USE IN

BIDIRECTIONAL FLOWS

F WO/2011/121167 WAVE ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEM

F WO/2011/121217 PLANT FOR MANUFACTURING A RIGID PIPE FOR DRAWING UP DEEP

WATER

F WO/2011/122892 POWER GENERATING APPARATUS WHICH IMPROVES ENERGY

EFFICIENCY

F WO/2011/124820 OFFSHORE INSTALLATION FOR PRODUCING ELECTRICAL ENERGY

F WO/2011/131811 SYSTEM FOR GENERATING ENERGY FROM OCEAN WAVE MOVEMENT

F WO/2011/133009 SEQUENTIAL WAVE CAPTURE SYSTEM THAT CONVERTS OCEAN WAVES

INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY

F WO/2011/134331 TIDAL ENERGY STORAGE, POWER GENERATION METHOD AND SYSTEM

F WO/2011/138749 PLANT FOR THE EXPLOITATION OF MARINE OR RIVER CURRENTS FOR

THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY

F WO/2011/139776 OFFSHORE FLOATING PLATFORM WITH OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY

CONVERSION SYSTEM

F WO/2011/140196 BUOY

F WO/2011/141691 TIDAL OR WAVE ENERGY HARNESSING DEVICE

218

F WO/2011/162615 OCEAN WAVE ENERGY SYSTEM

F WO/2012/001699 AN IMPROVED TWIN DIRECTONAL TURBINE / ALTERNATOR /

GENERATOR FOR WIND POWER GENERATION

F WO/2012/006688 EXTRACTING ENERGY FROM FLOWING FLUIDS

F WO/2012/015651 OCEAN ENERGY SYSTEM AND METHOD

F WO/2012/016415 DOUBLE-REVERSE-DIRECTION FOLDING-TYPE HORIZONTAL AXIAL TIDAL

ENERGY TURBINE

F WO/2012/021926 WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION

F WO/2012/022824 TIDAL ADJUSTMENT ARRANGEMENT FOR A WAVE ENERGY RECOVERY

SYSTEM

F WO/2012/022825 ARRANGEMENT FOR A SURFACE AREA ADJUSTMENT OF A

RECIPROCATING WING SYSTEM IN A WAVE ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEM

F WO/2012/026387 MARINE DENITRATION SYSTEM AND SHIP PROVIDED WITH SAME

F WO/2012/026432 MARINE DENITRATION SYSTEM, MARINE VESSEL EQUIPPED WITH

SAME, AND CONTROL METHOD FOR MARINE DENITRATION SYSTEM

F WO/2012/032048 APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN FLOWING

WATERWAYS

F WO/2012/033255 BLADE DEVICE FOR PRODUCING NEW RENEWABLE ENERGY

F WO/2012/035610 FLOATING NATURAL ENERGY UTILIZATION DEVICE AND POWER

GENERATOR ASSEMBLY UTILIZING FLOATING NATURAL ENERGY

F WO/2012/037175 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COMPRESSED GAS ENERGY STORAGE

IN OFFSHORE WIND FARMS

F WO/2012/055041 TIDAL FLOW MODULATOR

F WO/2012/059017 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR UTILIZING TIDAL ENERGY

F WO/2012/063076 TIDAL FLOW GENERATION STRUCTURES

F WO/2012/065504 OCEAN WAVE ENERGY-STORING AND POWER-GENERATING DEVICE

F WO/2012/071994 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DESALTING SEAWATER AND

GENERATING ELECTRICITY WITH TIDAL ENERGY

F WO/2012/072063 OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY INSTALLATION TOWER BASE SEGMENT,

OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY INSTALLATION WITH SAID TOWER BASE

SEGMENT AND METHOD FOR ERECTING SUCH AN . OFFSHORE WIND

219

ENERGY INSTALLATION

F WO/2012/072830 ELECTROGENERATOR USING TIDAL ENERGY

F WO/2012/073277 WIND TURBINE GENERATOR AND TIDAL CURRENT GENERATOR

F WO/2012/075944 SYSTEM WITH COMPLEMENTARY DRIVING BY NATURAL POWER AND

ELECTRICAL POWER TO DO WORK

F WO/2012/091264 PUMPING DEVICE USING VAPOR PRESSURE FOR SUPPLYING WATER

FOR POWER PLANT

F WO/2012/092393 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ENERGY GENERATION

F WO/2012/098120 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR EXTRACTING ENERGY FROM SEA WAVES

F WO/2012/098332 DIFFERENTIAL REGULATOR FOR WIND GENERATOR

F WO/2012/101655 A SELF ACTUATING ARCHIMEDES SCREW TO RAISE SEAWATER BY

HARNESSING WAVE ENERGY

F WO/2012/102433 TIDAL CURRENT POWER GENERATOR

F WO/2012/103654 MARINE TURBINE ASSEMBLY

F WO/2012/114001 MARINE TURBINE DEVICE FOR PRODUCING ELECTRICITY

F WO/2012/115456 WAVE POWER GENERATING APPARATUS

F WO/2012/118456 ROTARY VANE MACHINE PROVIDED WITH A NON- CYLINDRICAL

SHAPED WORKING CHAMBER

F WO/2012/119758 PUMPED-STORAGE POWER PLANT

F WO/2012/124885 METHOD FOR DRIVING SYSTEM FOR SUPPLYING FUEL TO MARINE

STRUCTURE HAVING RE-LIQUEFYING DEVICE AND HIGH-PRESSURE

NATURAL GAS INJECTION ENGINE

F WO/2012/124886 SYSTEM FOR SUPPLYING FUEL TO MARINE STRUCTURE HAVING RE-

LIQUEFYING DEVICE AND HIGH-PRESSURE NATURAL GAS INJECTION

ENGINE

F WO/2012/125393 SYSTEMS, METHODS AND ASSEMBLIES FOR SUPPLYING POWER TO AN

OFFSHORE FACILITY

F WO/2012/131705 A DEVICE FOR GENERATING ELECTRICAL ENERGY USING OCEAN WAVES

F WO/2012/138014 APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING A PENDULUM-TYPE POWER-

GENERATING DEVICE USING WAVE POWER

220

F WO/2012/141469 TIDAL CURRENT GENERATOR

F WO/2012/146197 FLOATING-TYPE OCEAN CURRENT COMBINATION POWER GENERATION

DEVICE

F WO/2012/152378 TURBINE SYSTEM FOR UTILIZING ENERGY FROM OCEAN WAVES

F WO/2012/156734 A SUBMERSIBLE STRUCTURE ADAPTED TO HOST TIDAL ENERGY

CONVERTERS

F WO/2012/162097 BIOMORPHIC WAVE ENERGY COLLECTOR

F WO/2012/174862 OCEAN WAVE GENERATOR AND OCEAN WAVE GENERATOR SYSTEM

F WO/2012/176917 FREELY MOVABLE AND RENEWABLE-ENERGY-BASED THERMAL POWER

GENERATION SYSTEM

F WO/2013/000948 HEAT ENERGY SYSTEM, AND METHOD FOR OPERATING SAME

F WO/2013/005707 NATURAL ENERGY EXTRACTION DEVICE

F WO/2013/006061 ARRANGEMENT FOR EXTRACTING ENERGY FROM FLOWING LIQUID

F WO/2013/006088 WAVE AND TIDAL ENERGY DEVICE

F WO/2013/007265 OFF-SHORE PLATFORM FOR SAFE TRANSFER OF PERSONNEL AND

GOODS

F WO/2013/013231 PROCESS AND POWER SYSTEM UTILIZING POTENTIAL OF OCEAN

THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION

F WO/2013/016796 WIND ENERGY GENERATOR ON A WIND-HARNESSING PLATFORM

F WO/2013/025240 PARALLEL CYCLE FOR TIDAL RANGE POWER GENERATION

F WO/2013/029012 OPTIMIZED CONTROL OF MULTIPLE-PTO WAVE-ENERGY CONVERTERS

F WO/2013/033082 OSMOTIC HEAT ENGINE

F WO/2013/033667 OCEAN WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER WITH MULTPLE CAPTURE MODES

F WO/2013/033685 SUBMERGIBLE SLOPED ABSORPTION BARRIER WAVE ENERGY

CONVERTER

F WO/2013/038721 POWER GENERATION STRUCTURE UTILIZING NATURAL ENERGY

INCLUDING OCEAN CURRENT, TIDAL CURRENT, AND WAVES, AND

WAVE ABSORBING INVERSION GUIDANCE CURVED SURFACE COLUMN

WATER CHANNEL STRUCTURE

F WO/2013/041756 ARRANGEMENT IN WAVE ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEM

221

F WO/2013/043379 MARINE FUEL SYSTEM WITH SPILL CONTROL FEATURE

F WO/2013/050666 METHOD AND IMPROVED SYSTEM FOR CONVERTING MARINE HEAT

ENERGY

F WO/2013/057343 APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING ENERGY FROM WAVES BY MEANS OF AN

IMPELLED AIR COLUMN

F WO/2013/060339 MARINE GENERATOR

F WO/2013/062160 COMBINED OFFSHORE POWER GENERATION STRUCTURE

Here we present the percentage of PCT patents in IPC Subclasses of Sections G and H.

Now it is presented the Title of the PCT patents in IPC Sections G and H.

PCT patents on MRE by IPC Subclasses (Sections G, H ) (Total= 338 PCT patents)


G01C

G01K

G01N

G01S

G01V

G06F

G10K

H01B

H01L

H01M

H02J

H02K

H02M

H02N

H02P

0 10 20 30 40 50

0,3

0,3

0,6

0,3

5

0,3

0,3

0,3

0,3

0,9

0,9

0,6

0,6

0,6

0,6

%

222

PCT Patents on Marine Renewable Energies (Sections G and H)

IPC

Section


G WO/2007/093500 DETERMINATION OF SULPHUR IN MARINE FUEL OILS

G WO/2007/134513 ENERGY SPECTRA MODULATING DEVICE,METHOD AND DEVICE OF

IDENTIFYING MATERIALS AND METHOD OF IMAGE PROCESSING

G WO/2009/023072 BOTTOM REFERENCED VIBRATORY SOURCES FOR SHALLOW WATER

ACQUISITION

G WO/2009/082236 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR INDUCED POLARIZATION MAPPING OF

SUBMARINE HYDROCARBON RESERVOIRS

G WO/2009/088291 DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE POSITION OF A INSTRUMENT CABLE

TOWED IN WATER

G WO/2009/137237 METHOD FOR DETERMINING ADEQUACY OF SEISMIC DATA COVERAGE

OF A SUBSURFACE AREA BEING SURVEYED AND ITS APPLICATION TO

SELECTING SENSOR ARRAY GEOMETRY

G WO/2010/024683 SYSTEM FOR THE DETECTION AND THE DEPICTION OF OBJECTS IN THE

PATH OF MARINE VESSELS

G WO/2010/052126 METHOD FOR MEASURING TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE AT A

PIPELINE, PARTICULARLY IN THE OFFSHORE AREA OF OIL AND GAS

EXTRACTION PLANTS

G WO/2010/059304 FREE CHARGE CARRIER DIFFUSION RESPONSE TRANSDUCER FOR

SENSING GRADIENTS

G WO/2010/104401 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR OFFSHORE HYDROCARBON

ELECTROMAGNETIC PROSPECTING BASED ON CIRCULATION OF

MAGNETIC FIELD DERIVATIVE MEASUREMENTS

G WO/2010/109280 PROCESSING SEISMIC DATA

G WO/2010/117279 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR OFFSHORE HYDROCARBON

ELECTROMAGNETIC PROSPECTING BASED ON TOTAL MAGNETIC FIELD

MEASUREMENTS

G WO/2010/117550 ATTENUATING OUT OF BAND ENERGY EMITTED FROM SEISMIC

SOURCES

G WO/2011/059896 SEISMIC ACQUISITION IN MARINE ENVIRONMENTS USING SURVEY

PATHS FOLLOWING A SERIES OF LINKED DEVIATED PATHS AND

223

METHODS OF USE

G WO/2011/106070 VERTICAL GLIDER ROBOT

G WO/2011/119513 SURVEYING A SUBTERRANEAN STRUCTURE USING A VERTICALLY

ORIENTED ELECTROMAGNETIC SOURCE

G WO/2011/161211 METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR CONTROLLING ENERGY

CONSUMPTION IN A MARINE VESSEL

G WO/2012/005408 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SAVING MARINE FUEL BY OPTIMIZING

ENERGY EFFICIENCY FOR OPTIMALLY SAILING A SHIP, AND RECORDING

MEDIUM FOR RECORDING A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR

IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD

G WO/2012/012395 CONTINUOUS COMPOSITE RELATIVELY ADJUSTED PULSE

G WO/2012/012399 HIGH DENSITY SOURCE SPACING USING CONTINUOUS COMPOSITE

RELATIVELY ADJUSTED PULSE

G WO/2012/012424 TUNING UNIQUE COMPOSITE RELATIVELY ADJUSTED PULSE

G WO/2012/012430 UNIQUE COMPOSITE RELATIVELY ADJUSTED PULSE

G WO/2012/123883 MARINE VIBRATOR SWEEPS

G WO/2012/162208 SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR OPTIMIZING LOW FREQUENCY OUTPUT

FROM AIRGUN SOURCE ARRAYS

H WO/2007/094659 DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PERFORMING A REVERSED

ELECTRODIALYSIS PROCESS

H WO/2007/130479 SUBMERSIBLE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATING PLANT AND METHOD

H WO/2008/057789 ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS

H WO/2008/108633 IMPROVED DEVICE FOR PERFORMING A REVERSE ELECTRODIALYSIS

PROCESS, AND IMPROVED METHODS FOR PERFORMING A REVERSE

ELECTRODIALYSIS PROCESS

H WO/2009/135730 POWER SUPPLY DEVICE

H WO/2009/145010 POWER SUPPLY/DEMAND CONTROL DEVICE AND POWER

SUPPLY/DEMAND CONTROL METHOD

H WO/2010/108872 METHOD FOR OPERATING A POWER STATION INSTALLATION AND A

POWER STATION INSTALLATION

H WO/2011/008153 OFFSHORE ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE

224

H WO/2011/050699 PLATFORM FOR COLLECTING MARINE ENERGY SOURCES

H WO/2011/071411 AC SIGNAL CONVERTER

H WO/2011/119042 VARIABLE ELECTRICAL GENERATOR

H WO/2012/013659 TETHER FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS

H WO/2012/050906 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING ELECTRICITY BY

THERMALLY CYCLING AN ELECTRICALLY POLARIZABLE MATERIAL USING

HEAT FROM VARIOUS SOURCES AND A VEHICLE COMPRISING THE

APPARATUS

H WO/2012/104151 BLACKOUT RIDE-THROUGH SYSTEM

H WO/2012/104152 POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR AN ELECTRICAL DRIVE OF A MARINE

VESSEL

H WO/2013/002928 SOLAR COGENERATION VESSEL

N. Applicants of PCT Patents on Marine Renewable Energies

NUMBER OF APPLICANTS ON MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

Now the point of view of the exposition is the applicant of the PCT patents on Marine Renewable

Energies. The total number of applicants was 863, including organizational and individual applicants.

Three quarters of the applicants were individuals and one quarter organizations.

225

TYPE OF ORGANIZATIONAL APPLICANTS ON MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

The principal organizational agent was the FIRM, with 22,8% of the applicants. UNIV and RESO had

low percentages of applicants. Naturally, the most frequent was the presence of individual

applicants (PERSON), being some of them organizational employees.

Types of Applicants of PCT patents on MRE (Total= 863 Applicants)


ORGANIZATIONAL

INDIVIDUAL

25,1%

74,9%

226

GEOGRAPHICAL AREAS OF THE APPLICANTS OF PCT PATENTS ON MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

The applicants of PCT patents on MRE were located in 45 countries, which are distributed in 4

regions: AMERICA, ASIA, EUROPE and REST OF THE WORLD.

EUROPE was the principal geographical area in PCT patents on MRE, with 40,9% of the applicants;

AMERICA, the second with 29,9%; ASIA, the third with 23,5% and finally REST OF THE WORLD with

5,7%.

Types of Organizational Applicants of PCT Patents o n MRE (Total= 863 Applicants)


PERS

FIRM

UNIVRESO

74,8%

22,8%

0,5%1,9%

227

If the distribution of countries is done with some distinction between countries within Europe, we

obtain 6 geographical areas: AMERICA, ASIA, EU-ATLANTIC, EU-NON-ATLANTIC, EUROPE-NON-EU

and REST OF THE WORLD.

The countries of the European Union with regions in the Atlantic Area (EU-ATLANTIC) were the first

in Europe, with 16,3% of the applicants. Very close were the countries of the European Union

without regions in the Atlantic Area (EU-NON-ATLANTIC), with 15,4% of the applicants. European

Countries not integrated in the European Union (EUROPE-NON-EU) had 9,2% of the applicants.

Regions of Applicants of PCT Patents on MRE (Total= 863 Applicants)


AMERICA

ASIA

EUROPE

REST WORLD

29,9%

23,5%

40,9%

5,7%

228

Type of Applicants and Geographical Area of Applicants of PCT Patents on Marine Renewable

Energies

EU Non Atlantic Countries was the geographical area with more organizational presence of

applicants: 33,8% of their applicants were of organizational type. In the opposite, Asia was

predominantly individual: 88, 3% of the applicants were individual persons.

Geographical Area of Applicants of PCT Patents on M RE (Total= 863 Applicants)


AMERICA

ASIA

EU-ATLANTIC

EU-NON-ATLANTIC

EUR-NON-EU

REST WORLD

29,9%

23,5%

16,3%

15,4%

9,2%

5,7%

229

Organizational Types and Geographical Area of the Applicants of PCT Patents on Marine

Renewable Energies

FIRM, as organizational type, was more frequent in EU NON ATLANTIC (33,8%) and EUROPE NON UE

(29,1%). The presence of UNIV was very limited, but EU ATLANTIC (4,3%), AMERICA (2,3%) and ASIA

(2%) had some significant percentages. PERSON predominates in all the geographical areas, but

more in ASIA (83,2%) and REST OF THE WORLD (77,6%). RESO had scarce presence.

Type of Applicants and Geographical Area of Applica nts (% respect total applicants of each geographical ar ea)


AMERICA

ASIA

EU-ATLANTIC

EU-NON-ATLANTIC

EUR-NON-EU

REST WORLD

0 20 40 60 80 100%

ORGANIZATIONAL

INDIVIDUAL

230

Organizational Types and Geographical Area of Appli cants (1/2)(% respect total applicants of each geographical ar ea)


74,4%

22,9%

0,4%2,3%

AMERICA

83,2%

13,8%

1,0%2,0%

ASIA

77,6%

22,4%

REST OF THE WORLD

PERSON FIRM RESO UNIV

Organizational Types and Geographical Area of Appli cants (2/2)(% respect total applicants of each geographical ar ea)


73,0%

22,0%

0,7%4,3%

EU-ATLANTIC

66,2%

33,8%

EU-NON-ATLANTIC

70,9%

29,1%

EUR-NON-EU


231

COUNTRIES OF THE APPLICANTS OF PCT PATENTS ON MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

The first country in the world in applicants of PCT patents on MRE was United States of America,

with one quarter of the applicants.

The second was an Asian country: Republic of Korea, with 10% of the applicants. Two European

countries, United Kingdom and Norway were the third and forth in applicants.

APPLICANTS OF PCT PATENTS ON MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES FROM EU ATLANTIC COUNTRIES

Here we select the EU Atlantic Countries and emphasize the high number of patent applicants

overall in United Kingdom and also in France, but no so high in Spain, Portugal and Ireland.

Country of Applicants of PCT Patents on MRE (Total= 863 Applicants)


USAKorea, Republic of

United KingdomNorway

JapanChina

GermanyFrance

AustraliaFinlandCanada

NetherlandsItaly

SpainPortugalDenmark

BrazilRest of 28 Countries

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

25

10

7,5

7,4

6,1

5,6

54,6

4,3

3,1

2,9

2,8

2,21,9

1,6

1,5

1,2

7

%

232

Type of Applicants and EU Atlantic Country Applicants of PCT Patents on Marine Renewable

Energies

Ireland and Spain had the higher percentages of organizational applicants: 40% of the Irish

applicants were organizations and 43,8% in Spain. France, Portugal and United Kingdom had lower

percentages of organizational actors in PCT patents on MRE.

Applicants of PCT Patents on MRE from EU Atlantic C ountries(Total= 863 Applicants)

Fuente: WIPO. Elaboration by Novatriz for FUAC in APC.Gibraltar: 1 applicant (0,12%).

United Kingdom

France

Spain

Portugal

Ireland

0 2 4 6 8 10

7,5

4,6

1,9

1,6

0,6

%

233

Organizational Types and EU ATLANTIC Countries of the Applicants of PCT Patents on Marine

Renewable Energies

FIRM, as organizational type, was more frequent in United Kingdom (24,6%) and France (25%).

PERSON predominates in all the EU ATLANTIC countries, with higher percentages in Portugal (78,6%)

and United Kingdom (75,4%). The presence of RESO was limited to Spain (6,3%) and UNIV was

important in Spain (25%) and Ireland (20%). It is remarkable the short presence of applicants in

Ireland (5 applicants), Portugal (14 applicants) and Spain (16 applicants).

Type of Applicants and EU Atlantic Country of Appli cants (% respect total applicants of each country)


France

Ireland

Portugal

Spain

United Kingdom

0 20 40 60 80 100%

ORGANIZATIONAL

INDIVIDUAL

234

Organizational Types and EU ATLANTIC Countries of A pplicants (1/2)(% respect total applicants of each country)


60,0%

20,0%

20,0%

Ireland

75,4%

24,6%

United Kingdom


Organizational Types and EU ATLANTIC Countries of A pplicants (2/2)(% respect total applicants of each country)


75,0%

25,0%

France

78,6%

14,3%

7,1%

Portugal56,2%

12,5%

6,3%

25,0%

Spain


235

Identification of Organizational Applicants from EU Atlantic Countries

Here we expose the identification of organizational applicants of PCT patents on Marine Renewable

Energies in the EU Atlantic Countries.

Identification of Organizational Applicants from EU Atlantic Countries

APPLICANT ADDRESS COUNTRY PCT

PATENTS

DCNS 40-42 rue du Docteur Finlay, Paris, F-

75015, FR)

France 3

IDEOL 191 Route de Pierval, Saint-martin-

d'uriage, F-38410, FR)

France 1

IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES 1 et 4 avenue de Bois Préau, Rueil-

Malmaison Cedex, F-92852, FR)

France 1

OKWIND ZA la Brûlatte, La Brulatte, F-53410, FR) France 1

SDMI 2 rue du Clos de la Charme, Vagney,

Vagney, F-88120, FR)

France 1

SERVICES PETROLIERS

SCHLUMBERGER

42 Rue Saint Dominique, Paris, Paris, FR) France 2

TOTAL S.A. 2 Place Jean Millier, La Défense 6,

Courbevoie, F-92400, FR)

France 1

TECHNOLOGY FROM IDEAS

LIMITED

Unit 3b, Cleaboy Business ParkOld

Kilmeaden Road, Waterford, IE)

Ireland 1

THE PROVOST, FELLOWS

AND SCHOLARS OF THE

COLLEGE OF THE HOLY AND

UNDIVIDED TRINITY OF

QUEEN ELIZABETH near

DUBLIN

Dublin 2, IE) Ireland 1

KYMANER-TECNOLOGIAS

ENERGÉTICAS, LDA

Campus do Lumiar - Edifício D, sala 1026, -

038 Lisboa, P-1649, PT)

Portugal 1

MARTIFER ENERGIA,

Equipamentos para Energia,

S.A.

Zona Industrial de Oliveira de Frades,

Apartado 17, 3684-001 Oliveira de Frades,

PT)

Portugal 1

236

UNIVERSIDADE DA BEIRA

INTERIOR

Rua Marquês d'Ávila e Bolama, -001

Covilhã, P-6200, PT)

Portugal 1

FUNDACIÓN CENTRO

TECNOLÓGICO SOERMAR

Avda. Cardenal Herrera Oria 57, Madrid,

E-28034, ES)

Spain 1

NORVENTO, S.L. C/ Ribadeo, 2. Entlo, Lugo, E-27002, ES) Spain 1

OHL MEDIO AMBIENTE,

INIMA, S.A.U.

Paseo de la Castellana, 259 DTorre

Espacio, Madrid, E-28046, ES)

Spain 1

UNIVERSIDAD DE LA LAGUNA Oficina de Transferencia de Resultados de

Investigación, Edificio Central Delgado

Barreto, s/, La Laguna Santa Cruz de

Tenerife, E-38201, ES)

Spain 1

UNIVERSIDAD DEL PAIS

VASCO - EUSKAL HERRIKO

UNIBERTSITATEA

Bº Sarriena, s/n, LEIOA, E-48940, ES) Spain 1

UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA

DE MADRID

C/ Ramiro De Maeztu 7, Madrid, E-28040,

ES)

Spain 2

AQUAMARINE POWER

LIMITED

151 St Vincent Street, Glasgow G2 5NJ,

GB)

United

Kingdom

1

GREENHEAT SYSTEMS

LIMITED

Causewayside, GlenaldieTain, Ross-shire

IV19 1NE, GB)

United

Kingdom

1

INTELLIGENT ORGANICS

LIMITED

3 Ponton Street, Edinburgh EH3 9QQ, GB) United

Kingdom

1

OCEAN ENERGY

MANAGEMENT LIMITED

P.O. Box 146, Road Town, Tortola, Tortola,

GB)

United

Kingdom

1

PRAD RESEARCH AND

DEVELOPMENT LIMITED

P.O. Box 71, Craigmuir Chambers Road

Town,Tortol, Virgin Island British GB 1110,

1110, GB)

United

Kingdom

1

PUREGENERATION 24 Alfreton Road Derby Derbyshire DE21

4AS (GB)

United

Kingdom

1

ROLLS-ROYCE PLC 65 Buckingham Gate, London SW1E 6AT,

GB)

United

Kingdom

2

SCHLUMBERGER HOLDINGS

LIMITED

P.O. Box 71, Craigmuir Chambers Road

Town,Tortol, Virgin Islands British GB

1110, 1110, GB)

United

Kingdom

1

237

SWANTURBINES LIMITED Digital Technium, Singleton ParkSwansea,

SA2 8PP, GB)

United

Kingdom

1

TIDAL ENERGY LIMITED Vision House, Oak Tree CourtMulberry

Drive,Cardiff Gate Business Park, Cardiff

CF23 8RS, GB)

United

Kingdom

3

TIDALSTREAM LIMITED 20 Market Hill, SouthamWarwickshire,

CV47 0HF, GB)

United

Kingdom

1

TIDEPOD LIMITED 3 Holm Oak Apartments, Melvill Road,

Falmouth Cornwall TR11 4AX, GB)

United

Kingdom

1

WATERAMP LTD 27 Rose Street, Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire

AB10 1TX, GB)

United

Kingdom

1

Identification of Individual Applicants from EU Atlantic Countries

Here we expose the identification of individual applicants of PCT patents on Marine Renewable

Energies in the EU Atlantic Countries.

Identification of Individual Applicants from EU Atlantic Countries

APPLICANT ADDRESS COUNTRY PCT

PATENTS

ARDOISE, Guillaume André

Jean-Louis

8 rue Ribotti, Nice, F-06300, FR) France 1

BATHANY, Daniel Saint Claude, Plougastel Daoulas, F-29470,

FR)

France 2

BEGOC, Raymond 6 allée de l'Alsace, Plouzane, F-29280, FR) France 1

BOUCHET, Thierry 26 allée des Verts Prés, Bouaye, F-44830,

FR)

France 1

BUENDIA, José 100 rue des Patiers, Serezin de la Tour,

Bourgoin-Jallieu, F-38300, FR)

France 1

DUPIN DE LA GUERIVIERE,

Paul

Chemin de Saint Privat, Rousset, F-13790,

FR)

France 1

FARLEY, Francis, James,

Macdonald

8 chemin de Saint Pierre, Le Bar-sur-Loup,

F-06620, FR)

France 1

238

GIRY, François 212 Route de Saint Baldophe, Challes les

Eaux, Challes les Eaux, F-73190, FR)

France 1

GRANDPERRET, Arnaud 2 rue du Clos de la Charme, Vagney,


France 1

GRANDPERRET, Gilles 2 rue du Clos de la Charme, Vagney,


France 1

HERMANT, Brice 4 rue François Mitterrand, St Jean De

Boiseau, F-44640, FR)

France 1

HUGUES, Christian 51 Voie Daumier, -Vitry sur Seine, F-

94400, FR)

France 1

JEAN, Philippe François

Michel Georges

13 rue du Docteur Richelmi Le Balzac D,

Nice, F-06300, FR)

France 1

KERCKOVE, Yves 179 chemin des Mitres, Pegomas,

Pegomas, F-06580, FR)

France 2

LELARGE, Virginie 17 boulevard des Dunes, Larmor Plage, F-

56260, FR)

France 2

LUNEL, Germain 22 chemin de Maing, Biaudos, Biaudos, F-

40390, FR)

France 1

MABILE, Claude 29 rue de la Noise, Clamart, F-92140, FR) France 1

MAURICE Louis, Bernard,

Claude

3 rue Pasteur, Saint Cyr Au Mont D'or, F-

69450, FR)

France 1

MILET, Hervé, Louis, Marie La Chesnaie, Pommerieux, F-53400, FR) France 1

PALLIER, Bernard 8 Impasse des Alizés, Gouesnou, F-29850,

FR)

France 1

PERRICHON, Claude-Annie 6 rue des Escoffiers, l'Isle d'Abeau, l'Isle

d'Abeau, F-38080, FR)

France 1

PICCALUGA, Pierre 120 quai Lamartine, Macon, Macon, F-

71000, FR)

France 1

RENAUT, Thomas 45 rue des Favorites, Paris, F-75015, FR) France 1

ROYNE, Christophe 5 bis impasse des Aubépines, Pornichet, F-

44380, FR)

France 1

RUER, Jacques 2 impasse des Bolets, Fourqueux, F-78112,

FR)

France 1

239

TEIXEIRA, David 3 Sq Ronsard, Rueil-Malmaison, F-92500,

FR)

France 1

WIET, Paul 35 avenue du Parc, Le Chesnay, F-78150,

FR)

France 1

NIELSEN, Lars Stig Apart. 32, Nimbus HouseTradewinds,

Glacis Road, GI)

Gibraltar 1

KINGSTON, William 49 Sandymount Avenue, Dublin 4, IE) Ireland 1

McEVOY, Paul 18 The Chantries, Balbriggan, Dublin, IE) Ireland 1

SHVETS, Igor Vasilievich 250 Delwood Road, CastleknockDublin,

15, IE)

Ireland 1

ALBUQUERQUE, José Manuel

Braga Gomes

Rua António Jacinto da Silva, nº150 -

1ºandar, -616 Alcabideche, P-2645, PT)

Portugal 1

DA COSTA AMADOR, José

Carlos



PT)

Portugal 1

DAVID HADDEN, Marc Zona Industrial de Oliveira de Frades,


PT)

Portugal 1

DE CARVALHO GATO, Luís

Manuel

Casal de Santa Filomena, Rua Alto da

Bonita 13, -186, P-2710, PT)

Portugal 1

DINHO DA SILVA, Pedro

Nuno

Rua D. Sancho I, 10 - R/c E, Covilhã, P-

6200, PT)

Portugal 1

DOMINGUES DE ALMEIDA,

Pedro

Quinta Silvério, Vales, Peroviseu, P-6230,

PT)

Portugal 1

FRANCO DE OLIVEIRA

FALCÃO, António

Alameda Santo António dos Capuchos, No.

4-2° Esq, -314 Lisboa, P-1150, PT)

Portugal 1

FREITAS FERREIRA, Nuno

Miguel



PT)

Portugal 1

NUNES DA SILVA MORAIS,

Tiago António



PT)

Portugal 1

PELOTE DA SILVA JUSTINO,

Paulo Alexandre



Portugal 1

240

PT)

PEREIRA, Fernando Carlos

Santos

rua Gil Vicente nº 37, Vale Milhaços, 2855-

454 Corroios, PT)

Portugal 1

AZPIROZ VILLAR, Francisco Avda. Zumalacarregui, 27 7º Dcha, San

Sebastian, E-20008, ES)

Spain 1

BENGOA SAEZ DE CORTAZAR,

Domingo

Portal de Villarreal, 15 - 5º Izda, Vitoria, E-

01002, ES)

Spain 1

LAROMAINE SAGUÉ, Anna Ramón y Cajal 85, 3 1a, Barcelona, E-

08024, ES)

Spain 1

LÓPEZ PIÑEIRO, Amable Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ramiro

de Maeztu 7, Madrid, E-28040, ES)

Spain 2

LOPEZ ROIBAS, Gerardo C/ Ribadeo, 2 Entlo, Lugo, E-27002, ES) Spain 1

ORDÓÑEZ FERNÁNDEZ,

Antonio

Paseo de la Castellana, 259 DTorre

Espacio, Madrid, E-28046, ES)

Spain 1

PADRÓN ARMAS, Isidro C/Guaydil 68, Tamarco, E- Tegueste,

38280, ES)

Spain 1

RIBAS CADLE, Juan C/ Ribadeo, 2 Entlo, Lugo, E-27002, ES) Spain 1

AL-MAYAHI, Abdulsalam 11 Grafton Road, Worcester Park Surrey

KT4 7QQ, GB)

United

Kingdom

1

ARMSTRONG, John Richard

Carew

76 Dukes Avenue, London W4 2AF, GB) United

Kingdom

1

AYRE, Richard Vision HouseOak Tree Court,Mulberry

Drive, Cardiff Gate Business Park Cardiff

CF23 8RS, GB)

United

Kingdom

2

AYRE, Richard Oswald House, Little

HavenHaverfordwest, Pembrokeshire

SA62 3UJ, GB)

United

Kingdom

1

BAILEY, Ralph-Peter 1 Malthouse Cottages, Chanctonbury Ring

Road Wiston, Steyning, West Sussex BN44

3DP, GB

United

Kingdom

1

BROWNE, Graham 35 Church Road, Bamber Bridge, Preston

PR5 6EP, GB)

United

Kingdom

1

CRUICKSHANK, John, Smith 39 Meadowview Drive, Inchture, United 1

241

Perthshire PH14 9RQ, GB) Kingdom

CHONG, Ellis Ful Hen PO Box 31, Derby DE24 8BJ, GB) United

Kingdom

1

EGGLETON, Michael The Warren Lodge, 1 St Peters Hill,

Caversham RG4 7AX, GB)

United

Kingdom

1

FOX, Robert C/O ARTEMIS INTELLIGENT POWER

LIMITED, Unit 3 Edgefield Industrial

Estate, Edgefield Road, Loanhead,

Midlothian, Lothian, EH209TB, GB)

United

Kingdom

1

GOODREDGE, Robin, Vernon Coverak, East Cowes

RoadWhippingham,Isle Of Wight, PO32

6NH, GB)

United

Kingdom

1

GORDON, Robert William

Lindsay

3 Garleton Park, Aberlady, Longniddry

EH32 0UH, GB)

United

Kingdom

1

HEATH, Tom 20 Canonbury Terrace Fortrose, IV10

Graigburn, GB)

United

Kingdom

1

HEMSTED, Philip 75 Higher Lane, Lymm, Cheshire WA13

0BZ, GB)

United

Kingdom

1

HOPPER, Hans P. Hillhouse, Whiterashes, Aberdeenshire

AB21 0QL, 0QL, GB)

United

Kingdom

1

HOPPERSTAD, Jon-Fredrik 3 Emery Street, Cambridge CB1 2AX, GB) United

Kingdom

3

JERMY, Steven Killigrew Barn, CusgarneTruro, Cornwall

TR4 8RW, GB)

United

Kingdom

1

JOVINE, Raffael Johna Ltd, 2 Cannon Lane, London NW3

1LE, GB)

United

Kingdom

1

KARSTENS, Hauke C/O Mitsubishi Power Systems Europe Ltd,

20, North Audley Street, London, Greater

London, W1K6WL, GB)

United

Kingdom

1

KINSON, Alan, Stuart PO Box 31, Derby DE24 8BJ, GB) United

Kingdom

1

KITCHENSIDE, Philip 18 Starts Close, Orpington, Kent BR6 8NU,

GB)

United

Kingdom

1

KNOTT, David, Sydney P.O. Box 31, Derby DE24 8BJ, GB) United 1

242

Kingdom

KOSTOV, Clement 8 Reed Close, Trumpington,

Cambridgeshire CB2 9NX, GB)

United

Kingdom

1

KRAGH, Julian Edward Justice's Cottage, Wethersfield

RoadFinchingfield, Essex CM7 4NX, 4NX,

GB)

United

Kingdom

1

LAWS, Robert Cliftonville, George Street, Cambridge

Cambridgeshire CB4 1AJ, 1AJ, GB)

United

Kingdom

2

LAWS, Robert Schlumberger Cambridge Research

Limited, High CrossMadingley

Road,Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB3 0EL,

GB)

United

Kingdom

1

MACKAY, Andrew Causewayside, GlenaldieTain, Ross-Sshire

IV19 1NE, GB)

United

Kingdom

1

MASTERS, Ian Talbot Building, University of

WalesSingleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP,

GB)

United

Kingdom

1

ORME, James Talbot Building, University of

WalesSingleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP,

GB)

United

Kingdom

1

RAINEY, Roderick, Charles,

Tasman

Cranford, Landsdown Road, Bath BA1 5SU,

GB)

United

Kingdom

1

RAMPEN, William C/O ARTEMIS INTELLIGENT POWER




United

Kingdom

1

ROBERTSSON, Johan, Olof,

Anders

Oak Cottage, 10 Burnt CloseGrantchester,

Cambridgeshire CB3 9NJ, GB)

United

Kingdom

1

SALTER, Stephen C/O ARTEMIS INTELLIGENT POWER




United

Kingdom

1

SCHETRUMPF, John 180 Campden Hill Road, London W8 7AS,

GB)

United

Kingdom

1

SIMANWE, Teza PO Box 31, Derby DE24 8BJ, GB) United

Kingdom

1

243

SMITH, Alvin Creek Cottage, Castle RoadDartmouth,

Devonshire TQ6 9DA, GB)

United

Kingdom

1

SOUTHCOMBE, Alexander

George

Apt. 3, Oakmere HallOakmere,Northwich,

Ches CW8 2EG, GB)

United

Kingdom

1

STEIN, Uwe C/O ARTEMIS INTELLIGENT POWER




United

Kingdom

1

STEVENS, Aaron, Jack P.O. Box 31, Derby DE24 8BJ, GB) United

Kingdom

1

TAYLOR, Derek, Alan 85 Waterside, Peartree BridgeMilton

Keynes,Buckinghamshire, MK6 3DE, GB)

United

Kingdom

1

THOMSON, Allan, Robert Wester Aultlugie, Daviot Muir, Inverness

IV1 2ER, GB)

United

Kingdom

1

TODMAN, Michael Torr Quince Cottage,

LadbrokeSoutham,Warwickshire, CV47

2BT, GB)

United

Kingdom

1

TRAYNER, Anthony Dunnattor House, 3 Church Lane

Ladybank, Fife KY15 7LY, GB)

United

Kingdom

1

WEST, Alan 185 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow G2 5QD,

GB)

United

Kingdom

1

WHITELAW, Matthew 2 Prince Arthur Street, Aberdeen AB10

1YA, GB)

United

Kingdom

1

O. PCT Patents on Marine Renewable Energies in APC territory

244

PCT Patents on Marine Renewable Energies with Applicants from Regions Participating in the

Project "Atlantic Power Cluster"

Finally, we expound examples of PCT patens on MRE which has been produced in regions

participating in APC project. These patents had at least one applicant with residence in APC regions.

WIPO WO/2007/086037

APPLICANT KINGSTON, William

ADDRESS 49 Sandymount Avenue, Dublin 4, IE)

COUNTRY Ireland

PUBLICATION DATE 2007-08-02

FILING DATE 2007-01-23

TITLE TIDAL ENERGY SYSTEM

SUMMARY A completely submersed means of extracting energy from a tidal flow is

particularly adapted to pump water to be stored and used around tidal

change periods or to stabilize the output of offshore windmills. It can be

retrieved and brought to the surface for maintenance and also

repositioned on the sea bed, by remote control. Operation of its reaction

means is automatically limited to prescribed water depths.

IPC F03B13/18

WIPO WO/2007/122376

APPLICANT WEST, Alan

ADDRESS 185 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow G2 5QD, GB)

COUNTRY United Kingdom



TITLE OFFSHORE APPARATUS FOR CAPTURING ENERGY

SUMMARY

The present invention relates to offshore apparatus (10) for capturing

energy to generate an exportable product. In one embodiment, the

offshore apparatus includes a mobile arrangement of energy capture

devices, such as wind turbines (18), wave energy converters (14), or solar

energy panels. The arrangement provides a plurality of points that may be

245

connected to an offloading unit (26) to move the product, which can be

stored electricity in batteries or a stored pressurised gas away from the

energy capture devices.

IPC F03D9/00; B63B35/00; F03B13/12; F03D9/02

WIPO WO/2008/090302

APPLICANT SMITH, Alvin

ADDRESS Creek Cottage, Castle RoadDartmouth, Devonshire TQ6 9DA, GB)




TITLE HYDRO COLUMN

SUMMARY

A Self Priming Gravity Wave Water Pump, Double Acting, vertically Self

Adjusting incorporating a Submerged Column Platform as shown in Figure

4A, the submerged column platform (22) can be tethered (28) or secured

by a pivot to a weight (29) or fixed into the water bed (31). The column

(22) can be incorporated into an additional submerged water filled column

chamber (23), to operate as a hydraulic tidal adjustable column platform.

The Gravity Wave Pump (9) is a wave energy converter using wave energy

in the form of wave motion to displace a float (2), to lift the pumps

reciprocating piston (12) and uses gravity, causing a weight (3) to push a

piston down as the wave passes. The pump could pressurise piped water

to a head of up to 100 metres or more and could pump pressures in excess

of 150 pounds per square inch when adjusted accordingly.

IPC F03B13/18

WIPO WO/2008/125707

246

APPLICANT UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID

ADDRESS C/ Ramiro De Maeztu 7, Madrid, E-28040, ES)

APPLICANT LÓPEZ PIÑERO, Amable

ADDRESS C/Ramiro de Maeztu 7, Madrid, E-28040, ES)

COUNTRY Spain



TITLE SUBMERGIBLE SYSTEM FOR EXPLOITING THE ENERGY OF MARINE

CURRENTS

SUMMARY

Submergible system for exploiting the energy of marine currents,

comprising a propellor with several blades which drive an electric

generator, located in a central dome wherefrom radially extend several

arms or columns, positioned in a perpendicular plane to the rotor axis,

with floats, with the axis thereof parallel to the rotor, at the end of each

arm. Due to the distribution of weights and flotation deviced, during

operation the rotational torque and the moment of inclination

hydrostatically offset each other. The assembly of arms and floats can be

ballasted and emptied, with a view to changing the vertical submerged

position during operation, to another horizontal position for facilitating

maintenance. The assembly is secured to the bottom by a system of

anchoring cables.

IPC F03B13/26; E02B9/08

WIPO WO/2009/024933

APPLICANT UNIVERSIDADE DA BEIRA INTERIOR

ADDRESS Rua Marquês d'Ávila e Bolama, -001 Covilhã, P-6200, PT)

APPLICANT DOMINGUES DE ALMEIDA, Pedro

ADDRESS Quinta Silvério, Vales, Peroviseu, P-6230, PT)

APPLICANT DINHO DA SILVA, Pedro Nuno

ADDRESS Rua D. Sancho I, 10 - R/c E, Covilhã, P-6200, PT)

247

COUNTRY Portugal



TITLE AQUATIC SYSTEM FOR ENERGY STORAGE IN THE FORM OF COMPRESSED

AIR

SUMMARY

The present invention concerns an underwater system for energy storage,

which resorts to compressed air, directed to adjust in time the generation

of electrical energy by large generation systems to the consumption

curves. For this purpose, the system comprises a compressed air reservoir

of variable-volume (3), a system anchorage component (4), and a union

tube (2) connecting the system to a means of energy generation and air

compression (1). Therefore, the present invention finds its main

application in the adjustment of energy generation associated with

floating oceanic wind parks, to be installed far away from coastal regions,

or with other energy generation oceanic systems that are subjected to

irregular schemes of generation or consumption.

IPC E02D29/00; F03D9/02

WIPO WO/2009/044161

APPLICANT AQUAMARINE POWER LIMITED

ADDRESS 151 St Vincent Street, Glasgow G2 5NJ, GB)

APPLICANT THOMSON, Allan, Robert

ADDRESS Wester Aultlugie, Daviot Muir, Inverness IV1 2ER, GB)




TITLE UNDERWATER FOUNDATION

SUMMARY A method of installing an underwater foundation, suitable for use in

supporting or anchoring wave or tidal energy capture devices is provided.

248

The method comprises providing a foundation unit (1) equipped with a

submersible drilling rig (16); placing the foundation unit (1) on the bed (50)

of a body of water at a selected location; activating the submersible

drilling rig (16) to drill a plurality of pile holes (56) in the bed of the body of

water; and securing the foundation unit (1) to the bed of the body of

water by means of piles (54) or tendons, inserted in pile holes (56) and

secured to the foundation unit (1). A foundation unit (1) and a submersible

drilling rig (16) for use in the method are also provided.

IPC E02B9/08; E02B17/02

WIPO WO/2010/060504

APPLICANT THE PROVOST, FELLOWS AND SCHOLARS OF THE COLLEGE OF THE HOLY

AND UNDIVIDED TRINITY OF QUEEN ELIZABETH near DUBLIN

ADDRESS Dublin 2, IE)

APPLICANT SHVETS, Igor Vasilievich

ADDRESS 250 Delwood Road, Castleknock Dublin, 15, IE)

COUNTRY Ireland



TITLE ENERGY ACCUMULATION SYSTEM AND METHOD

SUMMARY

The invention provides an energy accumulation system and method

comprising at least one reservoir, for storing sea water, elevated above

sea level and located in the vicinity of sea shore. At least one turbine is

located in the vicinity of the sea level and substantially below the level of

at least one of said reservoirs, said turbine being connected to at least one

power generator. At least one conduit connecting said at least one

reservoir to said turbine, wherein the downward flow of sea water from

the reservoir through the at least one conduit serves to engage with and

rotate said turbine and generator for the purpose of generating electrical

power. The invention also describes novel methods to prevent seawater

corrosion and build up of marine organisms in the energy accumulation

249

system. The system can be fully or partially energised by the energy from

intermittent renewable sources such as wind.

IPC F03B13/06

WIPO WO/2011/018543

APPLICANT NORVENTO, S.L.

ADDRESS C/ Ribadeo, 2. Entlo, Lugo, E-27002, ES)

APPLICANT RIBAS CADLE, Juan

ADDRESS C/ Ribadeo, 2 Entlo, Lugo, E-27002, ES)

APPLICANT LOPEZ ROIBAS, Gerardo

ADDRESS C/ Ribadeo, 2 Entlo, Lugo, E-27002, ES)

COUNTRY Spain



TITLE DEVICE FOR CONVERTING SEA WAVE ENERGY INTO USABLE ENERGY

SUMMARY

The present invention relates to a system that extracts energy from the

ocean, in particular a floating device which converts sea wave energy into

electric energy through which the angular motion of a series of floaters or

short water wings is transferred to electric generators that feed the

electric grid. The invention is characterized in that said invention

comprises a central support structure having a longitudinal and vertical

axis and also having a system for generating electricity; a plurality of

mobile structures or wings which form the set of axes of the wings,

generally in a horizontal plane, which remain close to the floating line of

the converter in order to transform an angular motion of said wings into a

longitudinal motion and transform the energy associated with said motion

through a linear actuator into energy.

IPC F03B13/20

WIPO WO/2011/104413

250

APPLICANT UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID

ADDRESS Ramiro de Maeztu 7, Madrid, E-28040, ES)

APPLICANT FUNDACIÓN CENTRO TECNOLÓGICO SOERMAR

ADDRESS Avda. Cardenal Herrera Oria 57, Madrid, E-28034, ES)

APPLICANT LÓPEZ PIÑEIRO, Amable

ADDRESS Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ramiro de Maeztu 7, Madrid, E-28040,

ES)

COUNTRY Spain



TITLE MOORING BUOY FOR A SUBMERGED DEVICE RECOVERING ENERGY FROM

CURRENTS IN WATER

SUMMARY

The present invention relates to a buoy (B) for mooring devices (D) for

harnessing renewable ocean energies which allows being fixed to the

device and to the seabed and has reconfigurable geometries, including

free horizontal rotation of the device. This buoy allows optimal orientation

of the device in variable current areas. The Buoy consists of two main

parts (1,2) : an outer part (1) to which the high-strength electro-optical

cables joining the buoy (B) with the device (D) are hooked, and an inner

core (2) which is joined to the mooring system (18, 22) and from which the

energy export cable (16) comes out, the rotation of one part with respect

to the other being allowed. The assembly has a series of connection

openings in the lower part and an inner airlock which allows using

conventional internal equipment.

IPC B63B22/02; B63B22/04

WIPO WO/2011/121217

APPLICANT DCNS

ADDRESS 40-42 rue du Docteur Finlay, Paris, F-75015, FR)

APPLICANT LELARGE, Virginie

251

ADDRESS 17 boulevard des Dunes, Larmor Plage, F-56260, FR)

APPLICANT BATHANY, Daniel

ADDRESS Saint Claude, Plougastel Daoulas, F-29470, FR)

APPLICANT BEGOC, Raymond

ADDRESS 6 allée de l'Alsace, Plouzane, F-29280, FR)

COUNTRY France



TITLE PLANT FOR MANUFACTURING A RIGID PIPE FOR DRAWING UP DEEP

WATER

SUMMARY

Plant for manufacturing a pipe for drawing up deep water. This plant for

manufacturing a rigid pipe for drawing up deep water for a marine thermal

energy plant is characterized in that it comprises a floating platform on

which there are installed continuous production means in the vertical axis

of the pipe, comprising a first stage of winding webs of fibres impregnated

with resin about a winding roll (4) for the partial crosslinking thereof, said

roll being formed by modular elements (15) in the form of plates, which

are connected together so as to form a strip that moves in a spiral and

repeating in the upper part of the roll so as to form a winding surface for

the webs.

IPC F16L1/15; B29C53/74; B63B35/03; E02B17/00; F03G7/05; F16L9/16

WIPO WO/2011/131811

APPLICANT AZPIROZ VILLAR, Francisco

ADDRESS Avda. Zumalacarregui, 27 7º Dcha, San Sebastian, E-20008, ES)

COUNTRY Spain



252

TITLE SYSTEM FOR GENERATING ENERGY FROM OCEAN WAVE MOVEMENT

SUMMARY

The invention relates to a system for generating energy from ocean wave

movement, comprising at least: one vessel (2) having at least one rotor

shaft (3) that acts on an electricity generator; at least one tank (5) which is

joined and solidly connected to the vessel (2) and which is full of sea water

such that it remains at the water line (f); at least one float (1) joined to the

vessel (2) by means of a boom (11); and mechanical means for

transmitting the movement of the float (1) to the corresponding rotor

shaft (3). In addition, the vessel (2) is attached to a float frame (4). A

plurality of vessels (2) can be connected to a float frame (4) and/or a

plurality of float frames (4) can be connected to one another.

Furthermore, one or more tanks (5) can be attached to said float frames.

IPC F03B13/20; E02B9/08

WIPO WO/2011/144778

APPLICANT OHL MEDIO AMBIENTE, INIMA, S.A.U.

ADDRESS Paseo de la Castellana, 259 DTorre Espacio, Madrid, E-28046, ES)

APPLICANT ORDÓÑEZ FERNÁNDEZ, Antonio

ADDRESS Paseo de la Castellana, 259 DTorre Espacio, Madrid, E-28046, ES)

COUNTRY Spain



TITLE PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDRAULIC ENERGY AND

PRODUCTION OF POTABLE WATER BY DIRECT OSMOSIS

SUMMARY

The present invention relates to a process for the production of hydraulic

energy by direct osmosis from two saline solutions having different

concentrations made to pass through one or more modules of

semipermeable membranes having a double inlet and outlet port

originally designed to execute the process of inverse osmosis, without a

requirement to realise any technical modification to said modules of

membranes. In this manner an osmotic potential is produced in the

membranes creating a current of solution having a pressure sufficient to

253

produce hydraulic energy. A further object of the present invention is the

installation designed to produce hydraulic energy according to the stated

procedure and the use thereof, together with a desalination plant and a

tertiary waste water treatment plant comprising the installation to

produce hydraulic energy.

IPC B01D61/06

WIPO WO/2012/072830

APPLICANT BENGOA SAEZ DE CORTAZAR, Domingo

ADDRESS Portal de Villarreal, 15 - 5º Izda, Vitoria, E-01002, ES)

COUNTRY Spain



TITLE ELECTROGENERATOR USING TIDAL ENERGY

SUMMARY

The invention relates to a high performance device that takes advantage

of tidal energy. Said device includes a base (2); side faces (3) having gaps

(11); a rotor (4) having blades (5); a first diversion means (6) for dividing a

first water current into a first lower stream (9) directed toward the blades

(5) arranged below the axis of the rotor (4), and a second upper stream (7)

directed above the rotor (4); a second diversion means (10) for directing

the first stream (9) from the blades (5) toward the gaps (11); a platform

(22) for directing the second stream (7) toward the outside; a selection

means (23) for guiding the second stream (7) over the rotor (4), as well as

guiding the second current, along with the second diversion means (10)

for activating the blades (5) in the same direction as said second stream

(7).

IPC F03B13/22

WIPO WO/2012/098332

APPLICANT OKWIND

ADDRESS ZA la Brûlatte, La Brulatte, F-53410, FR)

254

APPLICANT MILET, Hervé, Louis, Marie

ADDRESS La Chesnaie, Pommerieux, F-53400, FR)

COUNTRY France



TITLE DIFFERENTIAL REGULATOR FOR WIND GENERATOR

SUMMARY

The invention relates to a method (20) for regulating an energy capture

device (1) of the wind generator or marine turbine type, which comprises

at least one rotary drive member (2) intended to be driven by a stream of

fluid so as to transmit energy to a load (3) which is applied to it, said

method being characterized in that it comprises an observation step

during which the change in rotational speed (Ω) of the drive member in

response to a change in its operating conditions is observed and the

second derivative (Ω") of this change in rotational speed (Ω) is evaluated,

followed by a step of adjusting the load during which step the load (3) is

adapted on the basis of said evaluation of the second derivative. Methods

for regulating the operation of a wind generator.

IPC F03B15/00; F03D7/02; F03D7/04; F03D7/06; F03D9/02

WIPO WO/2012/127015

APPLICANT TECHNOLOGY FROM IDEAS LIMITED

ADDRESS Unit 3b, Cleaboy Business ParkOld Kilmeaden Road, Waterford, IE)

APPLICANT McEVOY, Paul

ADDRESS 18 The Chantries, Balbriggan, Dublin, IE)

COUNTRY Ireland



TITLE A MOORING COMPONENT HAVING A SMOOTH STRESS-STRAIN RESPONSE

TO HIGH LOADS

255

SUMMARY

A mooring component (20) comprises a plurality of different deformable

elements (22a-22f) formed of an elastomeric material. The component has

a tensile length L and at least one of the elements has a length L' < L. As

the mooring component (20) comprises a plurality of different elastomeric

elements (22a-22f), each having its own unique elastic (i.e. reversible)

stress-strain response, the overall response of the component (20) is a

composite elastic response resulting from a combination of the responses

of each of the plurality of elastomeric elements (22a-22f). The mooring

component (20) can form part of a mooring system for floating devices

and sea-based structures such as renewable energy devices, including

wave energy conversion devices, tidal turbines and tidal platforms, fish

farms, oil rigs and off-shore wind farms, especially in low scope or high

variability environments.

IPC B63B21/20

WIPO WO/2013/057343

APPLICANT UNIVERSIDAD DEL PAIS VASCO - EUSKAL HERRIKO UNIBERTSITATEA

ADDRESS Bº Sarriena, s/n, LEIOA, E-48940, ES)

COUNTRY Spain



TITLE APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING ENERGY FROM WAVES BY MEANS OF AN

IMPELLED AIR COLUMN

SUMMARY

An apparatus for obtaining energy from the waves by means of an

impelled air column, for the generation of electrical energy, which

comprises a submerged main body secured to a base anchored to the sea

bed, where the turbogenerator unit for generating electrical energy is

located, a piston for actuating air circulation, means for stabilizing the

stream of air passing through the turbogenerator turbine and means for

tidal adjustment. In turn, there is a floating buoy as wave‑energy‑capture

mechanism, the undulating movement of the buoy, which is connected to

the main body by means of connection means, being that which actuates

the piston that creates the air stream that activates operation of the

turbogenerator unit.

256

IPC F03B13/24

Report on Scientific and Technological situation of APC Región in MArine Renewable Energies

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Transcript of Report on Scientific and Technological situation of APC Región in MArine Renewable Energies