REPORT ON FLOORING Introduction Types of flooring Flooring features Flooring material Flooring rates

INTRODUCTION Flooring is the general term for a permanent

covering of a floor or for the work of installing such a floor covering.

Floor covering is a term of generically describe any finish material applied over a floor structure to provide a walking surface.

Both terms are used interchangeably but floor covering refers more to loose laid material.

Material almost always classified as floor covering include carpet area ,rugs and resilient flooring such as linoleum or vinyl flooring .

Materials commonly called flooring include wood flooring , ceramic tile, stone, terrazzo and various seamless chemical floor coating.

TYPES OF FLOORING HARD

FLOORING – Wood, Stone, Tile

SOFT FLOORING- Carpet, Rug, Resilient

STONE FLOORING Concrete is a hard durable

flooring material with a life expectancy exceeding other flooring. Concrete surface can be made decorative by treating it with stains and colorants or stamping and scoring it with a pattern. Easy to clean, and if properly maintained will never have to be replaced.

Stone flooring is available as travertine tile, marble, granite, slate, limestone and sandstone , ceramic porcelain tile .

WOOD FLOORING Solid hard wood flooring are

one of the staples with in flooring industry. Because of natural beauty and durability of solid hard wood floors, they have been around for centuries.

Solid wood floors are a timeless investment that can produce a life time of beauty and add value to the home .

Wood floors come in maple, Pecan, Beech, Cherry, Hickory and more.

Strip flooring, Random plank , Parquet are some most popular.

BAMBOO FLOORING Bamboo flooring is one of

the newcomers in flooring industry. Bamboo is more environmentally friendly hard wood flooring and it is actually no wood , it is a grass.

Bamboo is very durable , elegant and versatile. The natural variations of color that is unique to bamboo come from carbonization and are usually a honey brown color or light tan.

LAMINATE FLOORING Laminate floors are

fastest growing choice in flooring. Laminate flooring received its fame from Europe and now it is increasingly popular in United States. It is cheaper than hard wood flooring easy to maintain.

It is virtually resistant to burns, scratches, chipping and is great for high traffic areas.

LINOLEUM FLOORING Linoleum or vinyl are

commonly confused , however genuine linoleum is a classic and it was invented about 150 years ago.

Linoleum is made only from raw , natural materials and it is preferred environmentally .

Linseed oil is main ingredient. Mineral pigments are responsible for beautiful rich colors of linoleum.

Linoleum flooring comes rolled and ready to install . It is available in varying thickness,

CERAMIC TILE It is a most waterproof flooring ,

can be used as floor tiles or counter tops, indoors or outdoors. The high class finish is usually most popular although they do tend to scratch.

For outdoor flooring , unglazed finish is preferred because of the possibility of standing water. This type of finish on ceramic tiles is commonly used in bathrooms, kitchens entryways .

Finishes available are : matte, embossed, glazed and textured ones for anti- slip.

It is made from baked clay and durable, moisture resistant, easy to clean. It can crack if no stalled on even surface.

OTHER TILE FLOORING Ceramic mosaic–

individual tile mounted together to keep together and make installation easier, more often on walls.

Mexican– made from clay, shaped by hand, dried in sun.

Quarry– fired earth/ clay, warm brown to beige

CARPET AND RUG FLOORING Carpet has been used for

years and only downfall is bulky installation problem. In effort to rectify the difficulties of installation , carpet tiles are now offered.

These tiles are squares like ceramic tiles which have been proven to be superior in choices in every way. This new carpet can be easily installed by most homeowners.

Another benefit is, if there is a split on the carpet jus one tile needs to be replaced.

MARBLE FLOORING A room or house have a

clean, rich feel with gorgeous marble flooring. Tiles come in different sizes, usually around 12”*12”and are easy to install.

Marble products are processed everywhere in the world from metamorphic rock blocks that contain mostly calcium carbonate that are quarried.

Marble tiles make an elegant foyer and come in many colors.

VINYL FLOORING Vinyl flooring used to be

called linoleum flooring , It is available in a variety of colors and styles. It is excellent in bathrooms and kitchens.

This type of flooring has an ease of installation and is quite affordable.

As an alternative to flooring with ceramic tiles, vinyl floors give same look as tiles except they cost less than ceramic tiles.

The most common of vinyl flooring used today are sheet vinyl.

RUBBER FLORING Most people think about floor

of a school when they hear rubber flooring. There are several other places that this flooring would be excellent, like recreation rooms, home exercise rooms, playrooms and children bedrooms.

There is very little maintenance required , just a routine wash and occasional sweeping is all is takes.

Rubber floors come in many colors as well as cut and inlaid designs too. They retain their sheen and color for years.

CORK FLOORING Many people think that cork is

new , it actually has been used for over a thousand years. It is a natural harvested product that comes from trees in Portugal and Spain.

Cork is retrieved only from mature trees and can only be harvested every 9 years, so it is very economical. Cork can be colored in any shade because it accepts easily absorbs stains.

It’s natural patterns and designs enhance any décor . It is available in various styles, sizes and colors.

FLORING FEATURES There are a number of special features that may be used

to ornament a floor or perform a useful service. Floor medallions decorative centerpieces of a floor design Doormats to help keep a floor clean Gratings used to drain water or to rub dirt off shoes Tactile or rumble strips to warn of for instance a

wheelchair ramp, these would normally also be distinctively colored or patterned.

Light stripes to show an escape route out , especially on airplanes.

Moldings or baseboards to decorate the side of a floor or to cover the edge of a floating floor.

Anti- slip mats: Addition of either granular or rubberized particles that will allow wheels, shoes or feet better traction.

FLOORING MATERIAL The choice of material

for floor covering is affected by factors such as cost, endurance, noise insulation, comfort and cleaning effort.

Some types of flooring must not be installed below grade [ lower than ground level] and laminate or hardwood should be avoided where there may be moisture or consideration.

NATURAL STONES

NATURAL STONE Flagstone is a sedimentary rock which is split or cut into

layers. Flagstone tiles are most often used outdoors for patios , walkways, steps and similar applications.

Granite is very dense, scratch resistant and occurs naturally in hundreds of varieties of color and shading. Granite floors are one of the most popular types of stone flooring. Granite is also often used for kitchen counter tops and in some bath environments.

Limestone is formed of sedimentary material quite often including corals and shells and occurs naturally in a variety of subtle colors.

Slate used in flooring is actually composed of slate, quartz and shale and comes in a wide variety of natural colors. Il is highly water resistant.

Terrazzo is formed using marble or chipped stones embedded in full concrete. Artistic , very reliable and best for outdoor spaces such as verandas or patios. Strong but 50% chances of breakage at quarry.

NATURAL STONE Marble present an elegant , classic veined appearance. It is a

relatively soft , easily polished stone that is somewhat susceptible to scratches. The tools and techniques involved in stone floor installation can make the work area hazardous. Various colors depending on origin. Verdigris marbles that have a green color.

Sandstone is composed largely of quartz sand grains and often has a rough textured surface. Maintain good ventilation in the installation area for 48 to 72 hours after installation. This will allow any fumes to dissipate and any particulate dust to settle.

Travertine is somewhat soft and porous and while it has density of marble. It has a textured rather than smooth surface . When used in flooring , travertine’s cavities can be filled for a polished finish or left empty to keep the original texture of stone.

Onyx may have layers of colors or banding

NATURAL STONE

CARPET FIBRE

CARPET FIBRE NYLON– most

popular, durable, easy to maintain, limited colors

POLYPROPHYLENE[ OLEFIN]– strong, nonabsorbent, resists stains and static, colorfast, cheap, crushes easily, limited colors, heat sensitive

CARPET TEXTURE/ CATEGORIES

CARPRTING TEXTURES/ CATEGORIES Cut pile– forming looking plush, velvet, smooth,

may flatten Saxony– similar to cut but yarns have been

twisted more giving less formal appearance Frieze– informal, curly texture, shows minimal

marks Level loop– loops are all same heights, may

have flecks of darker color, durable Multi level loop– two or three loop heights,

sculptured or embossed effect, good in high traffic area

Cut and loop pile– sculptured effect from some looks cut and some braided, very durable

THANK YOU

-------MANISHA AGARWAL