Report on Data Collection - ETH Z · Report on data collection 1 Introduction Report on data...

Fakulteta za Elektrotehniko

Andreja Urbančič, Damir Staničič, Eva Torin

Report on Data Collection

OSCOGENDeliverable D 2.2

June 2002

Contract No. ENK5-CT-2000-00094 Project co-funded by the European Community under the 5th Framework Programme (1998-2002)

Contract No. BBW 00.0627 Project co-funded by the Swiss Federal Agency of Education and Science
Contract No. CEU-BS-1/2001 Project co-funded by Termoelektrarna toplarna Ljubljana, d.o.o.

IJS Ljubljana 30.06.01

1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................. 5

2 DATA COLLECTION PLAN FOR THE COMBINED DISTRICT HEATING AND POWER PLANT: THE TE-TOL CASE STUDY.......................................................... 6

2.1 Short description of the system.............................................................................................................. 6

2.2 Characteristics for constituent equipment and fuels inputs................................................................ 9

2.3 Power and heat...................................................................................................................................... 18

3 DATA USED FOR THE LONG-TERM MODEL ................................................ 21

3.1 Short description of the system............................................................................................................ 21

3.2 Data used ............................................................................................................................................... 22

4 DATA COLLECTION RELATED TO MODEL GENERALISATION.................. 23

4.1 Data for a gas engine ............................................................................................................................ 23

APPENDICES .......................................................................................................... 25

A DOCUMENTATION MATERIALS FROM POWER PLANT; CASE STUDY TE-TOL.. ........................................................................................................................ 25

Energy equipment ............................................................................................................................................... 25

Energy balances................................................................................................................................................... 25

Energy information system ................................................................................................................................ 26

Regulation and control system........................................................................................................................... 26

Development plans, studies and projects .......................................................................................................... 26

Existing reports for management ...................................................................................................................... 26

IJS Ljubljana 5 30.06.01

Report on data collection

1 Introduction

Report on data collection is the second report to the WP2: Development of the deterministic non-linear model. In WP2 a deterministic prototype optimisation model for CHP systems was formally built, based on the specification prepared in WP1. This step is a preparatory step for the formulation of the problem in a way that can be solved by means of a genetic algorithm (GA). The modelling elements under investigation are representative for different types of generation structures including storage facilities. The load dispatching decision space with relevant constraints and economic elements was formulated and further extended for addressing the unit commitment problem, where inter-temporal relations and the end of interval values and economics are considered in detail.

This report is covering data collection for the combined heat and power plant Termoelektrarna Toplarna Ljubljana (TE-TOL) short-term optimisation case study. BEWAG has already a comprehensive model for operation planning. These data has been provided for use in the models of the OSCOGEN project and no collection of data has therefore been necessary for the long-term optimisation case study.


2 Data collection plan for the combined district heating and power plant: the TE-TOL case study

In order to determine the mathematical model for each element of the observed combined district heating and power plant (CHP) constituent equipment, as well as to establish energy supply – demand balances, it is necessary to evaluate different data. Concerning the characteristics of the equipment most attention was given on data needed to determine performance characteristics of equipment such as efficiency variation due to the part load operation, variations of heat consumption etc. A data collection plan was prepared based on the foreseen equipment mathematical models and energy balances and according to the overview of system documentation. The selected on-line data are collected according to two time schedules: • occasionally, once per week to define performance characteristics of constituent

equipment, • continuously, once per month to analyse energy supply – demand balances during

one year period. The data is extracted out of a plant monitoring database and forwarded weekly to IJS by e-mail. Since on-line measurements are not available for all quantities needed and also for model verification purposes, TE-TOL has delivered to IJS the sets of documents - listed in Appendix A. Basic data were collected by a questioner, which is shown in tables on basic data required.

2.1 Short description of the system

The combined heat and power plant Termoelektrarna Toplarna Ljubljana is the main source for the Ljubljana district heating system which have a thermal peak load of 500 MW. Ljubljana’s yearly heat demand is 1,033 GWh and the share of TE-TOL is 80%. TE-TOL is supplying also 8.5 bar process steam to industrial consumers in the amount of 126 GWh yearly demand. The system delivers up to 348 MW of heat to the town and local industry. District heating network operates 24 hours a day during the whole year with the exception of short breaks due to maintenance works. The nominal pressure of the hot-


water network is 16 bar. The supply temperature depends on the outdoor air temperature and varies from 130 to 70 ºC. The power generated by the steam turbines (up to 111 MW, yearly production 483 MWe) is sold to the public grid on the 110 kV level. TE-TOL electricity production equals 4% of the electricity demand in Slovenia. The plant consists of two condensing steam turbines and one back-pressure turbine, all with controlled steam extraction at 8.5 and 2.5 bar pressure level. Low pressure (2.5 bar) extraction steam is used for district water heating in low pressure heat exchangers. One part of the high pressure extraction steam goes to high pressure heat exchangers and the other part goes to the industrial consumers via two distribution network branches. A combination of low sulphur Indonesian coal and high sulphur domestic coal is used as a fuel for three primary (base load) boilers: the Block 1 (124 MW), 2 (124 MW) and 3 (186 MW) steam boilers. Additional heat sources for peak load production are two auxiliary (peak) steam boilers and two hot water boilers. The auxiliary boilers are fired by heavy fuel oil. Heavy fuel oil is used for steam boilers start-up, too. The system flexibility and availability is gained by the atmospheric heat storage tank with a capacity of 840 MWh. Figure 1 provides a schematic representation of the TE-TOL system. In table 1 the capacity and the number of main plant equipment is represented. Table 1: Main plant equipment characteristics Equipment Number

of units Output

Steam Boilers – Block 1 and 2 2 124 MW (180 t/h, 95 bar, 520 °C) Steam Boiler – Block 3 1 186 MW (270 t/h, 95 bar, 530 °C) Extraction-condensing steam turbine 1 32 MWe, 1st controlled extraction 80 t/h (8.5 bar,

285°C), 2nd controlled extraction 75 t/h (2.5 bar, 160°C)

Extraction-condensing steam turbine 1 50 MWe, 1st extraction 80 t/h (8.5 bar, 285°C), 2nd extraction 119,3 t/h (2.5 bar, 160°C)

Back-pressure steam turbine 1 27 MWe, extraction steam 60 t/h (8.5 bar, 285°C), exhaust steam 93 t/h (2.5 bar, 160°C)

Auxiliary steam boilers 2 2*58 MW (23 t/h, 8.5 bar, 285°C) Auxiliary hot water boilers 2 2*58 MW High pressure heat exchangers 4 2*29 MW, 2*17 MW Low pressure heat exchangers 4 2*29 MW, 2*41 MW Hot water storage tank 1 105 MW, 840 MWh


Figure 1: Schematic representation of the CHP plant Ljubljana


2.2 Characteristics for constituent equipment and fuels inputs

Below the model elements, the available data sources, the data recording plan and the basic equipment data asked for in the questioner are presented for the block 1,2,3 base load boilers, the auxiliary peak load boilers, the back-pressure steam turbines, the extraction-condensing steam turbine, the heat storage and for the heat stations.

2.2.1 Block 1, 2, 3 steam boilers

Model elements

The steam boiler model consist of: - performance characteristics: a relation between generated heat and fuel

consumption, - bounds on production level: technical minimum and maximum, - bounds on production level changes: maximal gradients, - limits related to starts and stops: minimal on and off time, - variable costs including: fuel costs, start up-costs and other variable operation and

maintenance (O&M) costs.

Data sources for parameters

The available data sources are: - measured on-line data, - equipment producers data, - warranty test measurements, - additional measurements (fuel quality and combustion related measurements,

emission measurements) - boilers diary samples, - operation manuals, - yearly reports, - fuel costs.

Data recording plan

The performance characteristics of steam boilers can be expressed by a relation between the generated heat and the fuel consumption. The efficiencies of the primary boilers (Block 1, 2, 3) are assumed to be variable values in the whole range of


operation. The parameters to be recorded are shown in Table 2. The basic data for the equipment asked for in the questioner are presented in Table 3. Table 2: Parameters recording plan for boilers Parameter Unit No. of

records Recording interval – normal operation

Recording interval – start-up operation

fuel consumption GJ 3 one hour one minute steam production kg/s 3 one hour one minute steam pressure bar 3 one hour one minute steam temperature °C 3 one hour one minute feed-water flow kg/s 3 one hour one minute feed-water pressure bar 3 one hour one minute feed-water temperature °C 3 one hour one minute Records/day (start-up) 30,240 Records/week (start-up) 211,680

Table 3: Basic data on equipment

Parameter Unit

Internal label of boiler

Boiler type

Producer

Year of production YYYY

Nominal thermal power MW

Maximal thermal power MW

Minimal thermal power MW

Nominal steam outflow kg/s

Maximal steam outflow kg/s

Nominal pressure of steam bar

Steam temperature °C

Inflow water temperature °C

Data on fuel and burning:

Fuel

Heating value kJ/kg

Price SIT/kg

Price SIT/GJ

Nominal fuel consumption t/h

Burning process

Data on working fluid

Enthalpy of steam kJ/kg


2.2.2 Auxiliary steam and hot water boilers

Model elements

The auxiliary boiler model consist of: - performance characteristics: a relation between the generated heat and the fuel

consumption, - bounds on production level: technical minimum and maximum, - limits related to starts and stops: minimal on and off time, - variable costs including: fuel costs, start up-costs and other variable O&M costs.,


The available data sources are: - measured on-line data, - equipment producers data, - boilers diary samples, - yearly reports, - fuel costs.

Data recording plan

The characteristic curves of the auxiliary boilers are going to be approximated with a linear function due to insufficient on-line data available. The parameters to be recorded are shown in Table 4 and the basic data asked for in the questioner are the same as for the block 1,2,3 boilers presented in Table 3. Table 4: Parameters recording plan for auxiliary boilers Parameter Unit No. of

records Recording interval

steam production kg/s 2 one hour hot water production bar 2 one hour thermal power MW 2 one hour Records/day 144 Records/week 1,008


2.2.3 Back-pressure steam turbine

Model elements

The back-pressure steam turbine model consist of: - performance characteristics: a relation between the heat in-flow rate/electric

power and the extraction steam out-flows, - bounds on production level: technical minimum and maximum, - bounds on extraction level: technical maximum.


The available data sources are: - measured on-line data, - equipment producers data, - operation diagrams, - warranty test measurements, - turbine diary samples, - operation manual, - yearly reports.

Data recording plan

The correlation between the heat in-flow rate / electric power and extraction steam out-flows will be modelled as linear function. The parameters to be recorded are shown in Table 5 and the basic equipment data asked for in the questioner can be found in Table 6. Table 5: Parameters recording plan for the back-pressure steam turbine Parameter Unit No. of


during the one week period

electric power generated MW 1 one minute extraction steam pressure bar 2 one minute Records/day 4,320 Records/week 30,240


Table 6: Basic data on equipment

Parameter Unit

Internal turbine label

Type of turbine

Producer


Electric power MW

Nominal power of aggregate kVA

Cosines? Phi

Working power of aggregate MW

Maximal power of aggregate MW

Minimal power of aggregate MW

Steam inflow t/h

Steam pressure bar

Steam temperature °C

Maximal condensation t/h

Temperature of cooling water °C

Controlled steam extraction – 1

Maximal steam extraction t/h

Pressure of steam extraction bar

Steam extraction temperature °C

Controlled steam extraction – 2

Maximal steam extraction t/h

Pressure of steam extraction bar

Steam extraction temperature °C


2.2.4 Extraction-condensing steam turbines

Model elements

The extraction-condensing steam turbines models consist of: - performance characteristics: a relations between the heat inflow rate / electric

power and the extraction steam flows and the condenser flow, - bounds on production level: technical minimum and maximum, - bounds on extraction level and condenser flow: technical maximum.


The available data sources are: - measured on-line data, - equipment producers data, - operation diagrams, - warranty test measurements, - additional measurements, - turbine diary samples, - operation manual, - yearly reports.

Data recording plan

Identifying the operating condition of two extraction-condensing steam turbines requires specification of the parameters presented in Table 7. The basic data asked for in the questioner are the same as the data shown in Table 6 for the back-pressure turbines.


Table 7: Parameters recording plan for the extraction condensing steam turbines Parameter Unit No. of


during the one week period

inlet steam flow kg/s 2 one minute electric power generated MW 2 one minute 1st extraction steam pressure bar 1 one minute 1st extraction steam temperature t 1 one minute 2nd extraction steam pressure bar 1 one minute 2nd extraction steam temperature t 1 one minute Condenser steam flow kg/s 1 one minute Records/day 12,960 Records/week 90,720

2.2.5 Heat storage

Model elements

The heat storage model consists of: - storage heat balance, - bounds on heat inflow and outflow.


The available data sources are: - measured on-line data, - construction and technological data, - test measurements.

Data recording plan

The hot water atmospheric accumulator is assumed to have a daily storage cycle and the data planned to be recorded are shown in Table 8.


Table 8: Parameters recording plan for the hot water accumulator Parameter Unit No. of


thermal power MW 1 one hour heat stored MWh 1 one hour thermal efficiency % 1 one hour hot water in-flow m3/h 1 one hour hot water inlet temperature °C 1 one hour hot water out-flow m3/h 1 one hour hot water outlet temperature °C 1 one hour Records/day 168 Records/week 1,176 Additionally, the possibility of heat storage in TE-TOL's district heating network is going to be assessed according to the network design and operation data shown in table 9. Table 9: Parameters recording plan for the district heating network Parameter Unit No. of


hot water flow m3/h 1 one hour hot water outlet temperature °C 1 one hour hot water inlet temperature °C 1 one hour Records/day 72 Records/week 504 The basic data asked for in the questioner are shown in Table 10.


Table 10: Basic equipment data

Parameter Unit

Internal label of heat storage

Type of heat storage

Producer


Maximal inflow thermal power MW

Maximal outflow thermal power MW

Maximal capacity MW

Construction parameters:

Height m

Radius m

Working volume m3

2.2.6 Heat stations

Model elements

The heat station model consists of: - heat station characteristics: heat exchanger losses, - heat exchanger bounds.


The available data sources are: - measured on-line data, - operation data, - test measurements.

Data recording plan

The efficiency of the heat exchangers will be calculated based on the parameters presented in Table 11. The basic data asked for in the questioner can be found in Table 12.


Table 11: Parameters recording plan for the heat exchangers Parameter Unit No. of


thermal power MW 2 one hour hot water flow m3/h 3 one hour hot water pressure bar 4 one hour hot water temperature °C 14 one hour Records/day 552 Records/day 3,864

Table 12: Basic equipment data

Parameter Unit

Internal label of heat station

Heat source

Producer


Thermal power of high-pressure heaters MW

Thermal power of low-pressure heaters MW

Total thermal power of heaters MW

Working fluid data:

Inlet hot water temperature °C

Outlet water temperature °C

2.3 Power and heat

Since the electricity market is under development in Slovenia, the conditions and rules at which TE-TOL will sell electricity in a near future, are not known in all details yet. During the project, the electricity sales related data need to be updated, in parallel with new model equations for the electricity sales. For details see D 2.1 Due to the specific situation in Ljubljana, where two suppliers provide district heat to the gird and their load is centrally dispatched, the heat demand modelling and data collection is specific as well. TE-TOL has a high share of the heat supply in Ljubljana and an investigation of the expected heat load and the dispatching rules are required. Below the model elements, the available data sources and the data recording plan for the power and heat balances are presented.


2.3.1 Power

Model elements

The power balance and cost model consists of: - characteristics of own electricity use, - requirement for qualified producers status, - electricity prices, The following will also be included: - reserve margin, - prices for balancing power.


The available data sources are: - measurement (own use), - legislation: decree on qualified producers status, - tariffs for qualified producers, - spot market prices (in Slovenia and in the neighbour countries ) - balancing market prices (in Slovenia and in neighbour countries ) - contracts.

2.3.2 Data recording plan

The power balance will be established based on power production, delivery and consumption at the site. The parameters to be recorded are shown in Table 13. Table 13: Parameters recording plan for the power balance

Parameter Unit No. of records

Recording interval

thermal power delivered to the public grid

MW 1 one hour

thermal power consumed at the site MW 1 one hour

Records/day 48

Records/week 336


2.3.3 Heat: hot water and steam demand

Model elements

The heat balance model consists of: - hot water supply from TE-TOL according to Ljubljana heat dispatcher

requirements, - steam demand, - requirement for qualified producers status.


The available data sources are: - on-line measurements, - operation reports, - operation plans, - main distribution and circulation pumps – nominal data, - basic technical characteristics of district heating system.

Data recording plan

It is foreseen to analyse the variation of heat demand according to the hourly delivery of process steam and hot water per one year. The parameters to be recorded are presented in Table 14. Table 14: Parameters recording plan for heat demand Parameter Unit No. of


steam delivery kg/s 2 one hour steam pressure bar 2 one hour steam temperature °C 2 one hour thermal power– TE-TOL MW 1 one hour thermal power – SISKA MW 1 one hour external temperature °C 1 one hour Records/day 216 Records/week 1,512


3 Data used for the long-term model

For the long-term model a part of the BEWAG CHP system in Berlin is modelled. Since they already have a system for collecting data that have been in use for their own in-house operation planning tool no special data collection is necessary for the long-term model. In this chapter the model system is described and the data used for the model are presented.

3.1 Short description of the system

The system modelled consists of eight CHP-turbines, two boilers for heat production and two district heating networks. Extraction condensing steam turbines as well as gas turbines are modelled and coal, oil, and gas are used as fuels. In Figure 2 a schematic representation of the system can be seen.

G G

G G G

DHS1

DHS2

G G G

Figure 2: Schematic representation of the CHP system used for the long-term model.


The maximum electric power output from the turbines are about 1200 MW while the maximum heat output is about 1700 MW.

3.2 Data used

For the long-term model it is not possible to have such a detailed description of the system as for the short-term model. In order to reduce the model’s complexity approximations have to be made. The restrictions for the turbines are described with plant-characteristics-maps, so called PQ-charts. The necessary data for those charts have been provided by BEWAG. Also the relation between the fuel consumption and the power and heat production is already available. Other data, which are used, are:

- the electric power load, - the heat loads for the district heat systems, - minimum operation and shut down times for the turbines and boilers, - grid constraints for some of the turbines, - secondary reserve that should be provided, - transmission capacity between the two district heat networks, - fuel prices, - price for the electricity at the LPX (Leipzig Power Exchange), - conditions of contracts for buying electricity and gas.


4 Data collection related to model generalisation

In order to develop concepts as general as possible also units, which are not in the case studies were considered. Particularly important are gas turbines and gas engines. Gas turbines are included in the BEWAG case study and the gas engine model data were taken from a real not-named case as described below.

4.1 Data for a gas engine

Model elements

The gas engine model consists of: - performance characteristics: a relation between the thermal power / electric power

and fuel input, - bounds on production level: technical minimum and maximum, - bounds on production level changes: maximal gradients, - limits related to starts and stops: minimal on and off time, - variable O&M costs.


Available data sources are: - measured data - equipment producers data - operation diagrams - warranty test measurements - additional measurements - operation manual - yearly reports

Data records

The correlation between the thermal power / electric power and fuel input will be modelled according to hourly time series. The parameters recorded are shown in Table 15 and the necessary basic data can be found in Table 16.


Table 15: Parameters time series for gas engine Parameter Unit fuel input MW electric power generated MW thermal power output MW Table 16: Basic equipment data

Parameter Unit

Nominal power of aggregate kVA

Working power of aggregate MW

Maximal power of aggregate MW

Minimal power of aggregate MW

Inflow of fuel MW


APPENDICES

A DOCUMENTATION MATERIALS FROM POWER PLANT; Case study TE-TOL

Below the documentations used in the data collection for the TE-TOL case study are listed.

Energy equipment

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scheme of heat system scheme of electricity system steam boilers – nominal data, operation data and characteristics (operating hours, dynamics), warranty test measurements, combustion measurements flue gases measurements, boilers diary samples, data on fuel and burning characteristics, energy prices, start up costs turbo aggregate – nominal data, operation data and characteristics (operating hours, dynamics), warranty test measurements, back pressure turbine refurbishment measurements , turbo aggregate diary samples heat storage - nominal data (construction and technological parameters), operation data peak boilers – nominal data, operation data and characteristics (operating hours, dynamics), warranty test measurements, boilers diary samples, data on fuel and burning characteristics, energy prices, start up costs heat exchangers - nominal data, operation data and characteristics (operating hours, dynamics), warranty measurements main distribution and circulation pumps – nominal data basic technical characteristics of district heating system

Energy balances

production of process steam and heat for district heating, electricity production own electricity use outdoor temperature operation plans and operation records actual forecast data: heat demand, outdoor temperature


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Energy information system

list of data, which are monitored list of data which are archived reports generated by information system

Regulation and control system

data on regulation and control

Development plans, studies and projects

Existing reports for management

daily, weekly, monthly, yearly reports on operation reports for operators reports for planing and analytical services (production costs) reports for purchase environmental reports

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