MANISHA AGARWAL

REPORT ON FERROUS & NON-FERROUS

METALS

INTRODUCTION

All such metals contain iron as their main constituent are known as Ferrous metals.

Non- ferrous metals do not contain iron as their main constituent therefore they are not affected by magnetism and also resistant for corrosion. These are used in building industry.

FERROUS METAL STEELS- It is an alloy or compound

of iron and carbon in the form of carbide of iron. It is an intermediate stage between cast iron and wrought iron. In steel carbon content varies from 0.10% to 1.10% maximum. If carbon exceeds 1.50% , it means steel does not combine with carbon and presence of free graphite.

It is used for trusses, beams, grills, mechanical devices and sheets. The increase of carbon percentage .

There are three types of carbon steel

1. Mild steel2. Medium steel3. High carbon steel

FERROUS METAL

CAST IRON- It contains carbon from 1.7 to 4.5%. It is strong in compression and weak in tension. It can not be welded, roiled, punched or riveted . It can be melted and cast into various shapes and rust slowly.

It is used for making building column brackets, spiral stair cases, manhole covers , rain water pipes and sanitary fittings

FERROUS METAL

WROUGHT IRON- It is almost pure iron and contains carbon more than 0.15%. It is manufactured in reverberatory furnace. It is had and easily forged and welded. It is replaced by mild steel at present there fore produced to a very small extent.

It is used for rivets, chains, railway coupling, hand rails, nails, bolts, and ornamental gates.

STEEL

MILD STEEL OR LOW CARBON STEEL- It is used for engineering purposes and in general , none specialized metal products. Ex. Moto bodies, tin plates, sheet metal. It contain up to 0.10% carbon.

Medium carbon steel - It contains carbon up to 0. 25% [ ex. Boiler plates, structural steel ], up to 0.45%[ ex. Rails, tiers], up to 0.60%[ Hammers, large stamping and pressing dyes]

High carbon steel or hard steel- It contains carbon up to 0.75% [ Sledge hammer, stamping dies, springs], up to 0.90%[ Miners drills, mason’s tools], up to 1.0%[ Chisels', hammers, saws, wood working tools], up to 1.10% [ Axes, cutlery, drills, knives].

NON-FERROUS METAL

ALUMINIUM- It is silvery white lustrous metal obtained from BAUXITE . It is very soft hence has to alloy with other metals . Is a good conductor of heat and electricity.

It is used for roofing, window frames, glazing bars, wires, panels, posts and in paints.

NON- FERROUS METAL LEAD- It is obtained from ORE

known as Galena [PBS] that contains about 86% lead. It is soft metal which can be cut by knife.

It is bluish grey in silvery luster when freshly cut and available in free state. It is resistant to atmosphere corrosion and not affected by soil, sewage and industrial wastes.

It is used for roofing, gas pipes water service pipes, cable covering and ornamental works. It is the only metal for making bullets, shots. It is also used for storage ceils, sanitary fitting, cisterns water proof and proof chambers.

NON FERROUS METAL COPPER is obtained from

copper pyrite ores. It contains about 30% copper. It can be rolled but can not be welded.

Pure copper is of lustrous red color, light, tough and good conductor of heat and electricity. It is highly resistant to atmospheric corrosion.

It is used for electric wires, cables, roofing and electroplating. It is also used material for damping proof course, flashing etc. It is also used in manufacture of water pipes, gutters, taps, taks, hardware fittings, etc.

OTHER NON- FERROUS METALSZincTinNobel metals- gold, silver,

platinum, CobaltChromiumCadmiumNickelMagnesiumManganeseMolybdenumTungstenVanadium

ALLOYS It is an intimate mixture of two

and more metals. BRASS- It is an alloy of mixture

of copper and zinc contains 65% copper and 35% zinc.

It resists corrosion but needs regular cleaning. It is used for door and window fittings, household utensils and hardware.

BRONZE-It is an alloy of copper, zinc and tin containing 80% copper. It is stronger and superior to brass in corrosion resistance but difficult to work and more expensive. It is used for frames, grills and hardware.

BYMANISHA AGARWAL

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