I

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I Introduction Objectives National survey team and focal points ProceduresMethodology Sampling

Part I1 Data Analysis and Interpretation

A. Questionnaires B. Interviews with NGO Executive Members C. Interviews with Local Leaders D. Focus Group Discussions E. Observation Forms

Part I11 Major Findings and Recommendations Annexes

Questionnaires Interviews with Local NGO Member Interviews with Local Leaders

L i s t of NGOs Contacted for Questionnaires L i s t o f NGO Members Contacted for Interviews L i s t o f Local Leaders Contacted for Interviews List o f Participants for Focus group discussions List o f Organizations for Observation

- Focus Group Discussions

- -

2 2

3 4

2

6

17 19 21

16

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Part I Introduction Within the framework o f the project "Basic Education: Capacity Building for Local NGOs in Least Developed Countries in Afr ica and South Asia", a national survey on the spectrum o f NGOs involved in basic education in the project countries and on identifying their capacities and capacity building needs was carried out.

Most importantly, the process o f conducting this survey and i t s results will provide the basis for the establishment o f a national data collection mechanism on NGO institutional, pedagogical and technical capacities and capacity building needs. This will allow NGOs to have an overview o f what competencies and resources are available among the NGOs and what the areas where further training i s needed are.

This mechanism will facilitate a process where national NGOs can increasingly benefit from one another's strengths and thereby become more and more independent f rom external input. The survey will also serve as the basis for the selection o f NGOs to participate in the project workshops to be held later.

Objectives The specific objectives o f the survey were as follows: 0

0

0

0

involve as many NGOs as possible in the data collection process; identify and document their institutional, pedagogic and technical capacity; analyze the capacity profile and identify capacity building needs; prioritize the capacity building needs; suggest that these NGOs participate in the project capacity building workshops.

National Survey Team o f N e p a l and Focal Points U n d e r the Project After the planning meeting on the UNESCO Project "Basic Education - Capacity Building o f Local NGOs in Least Developed Countries in Africa and South Asia", held in Dhaka from 28th June to 1st July, a national survey team was formed. One representative from each o f the following NGOs o f Nepal formed the National Survey Team to find out capacity building needs o f NGOs in Nepal:

Members o f The National Survey Team The National Resource Center for N o n Formal Education (NRC-NFE) World Education, Nepal (WEN) SEWA Nepal ( Socio-Economic Welfare Action for Women in Nepal) IDEA (Innovating Development Education Academy) IFCD (Innovating Forum for Community Development) CERID (Research Center for Educational Innovative and Development)

This Team followed the Terms o f Reference on "National Study on the Spectrum of NGOs Involved in Basic Education promoting the Establishment o f a National Data

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Collection Mechanism on their capacities and Capacity Building Needs", provided by UNESCO, The National Survey Team held several meetings to conduct the survey and develop the tools.

Responsible NGOs for each region

Regions o f Nepa l Far Western Region

Mid Western Region Western Region

Central Region

~ Eastern Region

Responsible Organization Innovative Forum for Community Development (IFCD) World Education, Nepal (WED) Innovative Development Education Academy (IDEA) Socio-Economic Welfare Action for Women in Nepal (SEWA) and National Resource Center for N o n Formal Education

Research Center for Educational Innovation and Development (CERID)

(NRC-NFE)

Since the Central Region has many NGOs, two NGOs were made responsible for that Region. The contract between UNESCO-Paris And NRC-NFE, Nepal was signed on Aug. 19, '98, to carry out a national survey on capacity building for local NGOs in Nepal.

To conduct and monitor a survey, a survey team was set up as follows:

S.N. 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Organizations National Resource Center for Non- formal Education (NRC-NFE) - Focal point/coordinator

Socio-Economic Welfare Action for Women in Nepal (SEWA) Resource Center for Educational Innovation and Development ( CERID) World Education (WED)

Innovative Development Educational Academy (IDEA) Innovative Forum for Community Development (IFCD)

Responsible Persons 1. Mr. T.M. Sakya 2. Dr. Uttam Karmacharya 3. Mr. D.B. Shrestha 4. Mrs. Kalyani Shrestha 1. Mrs . Radha Bhattari 2. M s . Arpana Shah 1. Dr. Suman Kamal Tuladhar 2. Mr. Surya B. Shrestha 1. M s . Pemila 2. Mr. Ram Chandra Adhikari 1. Mr. Ramesh Devkota 2. Mr. Gopi Nath Devkota 1. Mr. Prakash Singh Adhikari

Methodology o f the Survey The National Survey Team used the following steps in the survey:

establish a survey team;

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collect necessary information useful for conducting the survey such as existing data, existing data collection tools, literature, reference documents; hold consultations with the team members; develop a strategy to conduct the survey; prepare the data collection tools (questionnaires, interview guidelines, etc.); conduct the survey; process and document the data; document the results; develop a strategy to maintain and reinforce the participatory NGO capacity data collection mechanism; write a report on the process, methodology and results o f survey including recommendations for the future (i.e. selection o f NGOs to participate in the project; strategy on maintaining the mechanisms, etc.).

The survey team has prepared and finalized the following survey tools (copies o f the tools are given in the Annex): Annex 1: Questionnaire Annex 2: Guidelines for interviewing NGO members Annex 3 : Guidelines for interviewing local leaders Annex 4: Guidelines for target groups interaction Annex 5: Observation Form

Sampling The team decided to distribute the above survey questionnaires and other tools throughout the country with the help o f cooperating organizations and responsible persons through a random sampling method.

1. The team distributed 125 questionnaires, to 25 NGOs in each o f the 5 Regional Development Areas into 25 districts.

Eastern Region Central Region

2. Siraha 1. Lalitpur 3. Dhankuta 2. Kabre 4. Ilam palanchowk 5. Morang 3. Bhakatpur

4. Parsa 5. Dhanusha 6. Chitwan 7. Kathmandu

Western Region Mid- western Far- western

1. Gorkha 1. Bardia 1. Kai la l i 2. Kaski 2. Banke 2. Bajhanga 3. Baglung 3. Dang 3. Kanchanpu 4. Tanuhu r 5. Nawalparasi 4. Jumla 6. Parbat

Region Region

They interviewed 25 local NGOs executive committee members, 25 local leaders and 50 learners/participants in each o f the five development regions.

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The team also distributed 25 observation forms for the five-development region. The responses o f the NGOs, interviews with local leaders and NGO members, and focus group discussions were highly satisfactory. The table below shows the types o f tool distribution and responses. The following criteria were set by the team in the selection o f NGOs and other target groups:

Target i)Questionnaire 100 ii) Interview with NGO member 25 iii) Interview with local Leaders 25 iv) Focus group with discussion 50

1. Organizing Basic Education 2. Three years experience in Basic Education 3. Registered NGOs 4. Geographical representation 5. Varieties o f NGOs/level 6. Two persons from one NGO for interview 7. Selection o f focus group NGO members f rom among the 100 NGOs

Received % i) Questionnaire 60 60 ii) Interview with NGO member 18 72% iii) Interview with local Leaders 22 88% iv) Focus group with discussion 40 80

The questionnaires and other tools were printed and sent to the selected NGOs by the responsible organizations on September 7, 1998.

As per the decision o f the National Survey Team, the NRC-NFE provided funds as given below to partner organizations on October 7, 1998.

Survey team member organizations dispatched surveyors to al l five development regions by the f irst week o f October, 1998.

The questionnaires and other tools were collected by the end o f October, 1998. The target distribution o f tools and the number of responses received i s given below:

Distribution of tools and resnonses received

I v) Observation form 25 I v) Observation form 25 I100 1

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PART I1 A. Analysis o f Questionnaires

Out o f a hundred questionnaires distributed to different organizations throughout the country, the center received 60 questionnaires back. The major information found in the returned questionnaire are given below :-

1) Out o f the 60 organizations surveyed, there are 20 NGOs are working at the national level, 25 NGOs working at the district level and 15 at the local level.

2) These NGOs were found to have a variety o f executive membership ranging from 7 to 25 members. The mean executive membership i s about 13 members in an organization. Except in the case o f women's organizations, where the entire executive committee i s made up o f women. Otherwise, in other organizations not specific to women, women's participation in the executive committees i s only 30%. In general, the involvement o f women i s found more in administration (40%) and less so in the technical fields (25%).

3) Major visions expressed by the NG0s:- - - - Income generation activities - - - - - Develop gender sensitivity - - - Promote disadvantaged children - - - Development o f creative thinking - Encourage local leadership - - Maximize local participation - Institutional development - Creation of civilized society - - - Sustainable development o f institutions -

Co-operative banks for economic development o f community Awareness development through literacy programs

Linkage and co-ordination with different agencies Development o f quality o f l i fe programs o f local people at the grassroots level Development o f action research and implementation Necessary efforts for women's employment

Human right equality and fraternity Develop human resources through hidden potentials for self reliance

Parental education to raise awareness on child development Upgrade economic and social status o f women

Sustainability by reducing external support

Development o f under privileged and remote societies through local efforts D o away with existing inequalities, injustice in some traditional beliefs

Poverty alleviation through local participation

4) Major areas o f concentration by the NGOs: a. Gender sensitivity

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b.

d. e. f. g. h. i.

k. 1.

C.

j.

Local participation Women's rights Co-operative groups Democratization and equal access Mobilization o f local resources both human and natural Savings and credit group Vocational education Small agro and cottage industries Special education for the disabled Provision o f basic education Support in times o f natural disasters

m. Alternative energy / power n. Early childhood education 0. Parental education p. Child care center for remote areas q. Legal literacy r. Promotion o f technical capacities that exist within individuals s. Post literacy and continuing education

5) Major policies and programs of the NGOs for the promotion o f sustainability: a. b.

d. e. f. €5 h. i.

k. 1. m

C.

j.

Public participation Mobilization o f local resources Income generation and interest system Increment o f membership and volunteers Co-operation and co-ordination Credit and saving Collection o f tax on consumers goods Investment on fix deposit Needs assessment Regular meetings and follow up Provision o f equal leadership Fund collection Development o f facilities

6) Since most NGOs are in remote districts, in VDCs rather than municipalities, the major target groups are as follows: a. Girls and women o f under-privileged and remote areas b. Child laborers in the carpet industries and others c. Ethnic and secluded castes d. Farmers without children e. Illiterate adults f. Unemployed women and youth g. School drop outs

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7) The organizations surveyed have the following facilities: a) 9 organizations have their own building b) 53 organizations are renting c) 17 organizations have computer facilities d) 35 organizations have communication facilities such as telephone and fax, e) 10 organizations have their own property in addition to a building

Most NGOs are situated at such places where transportation to and f i o m the center i s easily accessible.

8) Most NGOs which do not state literacy as their main goal run integrated educational programs through literacy, learning centers and other non-educational activities. The sample organizations were found to have organized a total o f 1140 basic literacy classes last year, that i s 19 classes per organization. But th is year the organizations have organized only a total o f 540 classes, that i s 9 classes per organization.

9) Basically, educational materials used in literacy programs are Naya Goreto'' (80%) and "Naulo Bihani", llKoseli", "Diyalo", "Sagan Barnamala". Compost manuals and other materials are being used for supplementary post literacy programs. The NGOs were also using posters, pamphlets, and booklets published by other l ine agencies.

10) The training period for the NGPs varies. They range from 12 days to 6 months for basic literacy programs while some NGOs have a 6 month training program which includes facilities, supervisor's training and Training of Teachers (TOT). There are no specific programs for post literacy training. Some o f the organizations have mentioned savings and credit, agriculture training, plumbing and management training as non educational training fields.

NGO workers themselves take part in a variety o f training including national leadership training, accounting, TOT, savings and credit, training of literacy personnel based on ATLP, community leadership training and Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR).

11) The major financial sources o f these NGOs are a. Donors support b. Local organization c. Membership fees d. Support from organizational personnel e. Income from share distribution f. Fixed deposit g. Income f iom the co-operatives h. Selling o f books and other printed materials i. Grants from the government j . Overhead expenditure

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4

S .N Capacity building area

12) In answer to the question o f NGOs relationship with GOs, other NGOs, INGOs and donors, most of them say they have better relations with other NGOs than GOs, INGOs or donors.

Number o f Organizations

13) At the local level, the main role of the organizations are as follows: a. Motivation b. Co-operation c. Managing classroom facilities d. Organizing awareness and orientation program e. Local initiation to run the classes f. Household survey on literacy levels g. Mobilization o f local NGOs h. Capacity building training i. Basic literacy for ethnic minorities and untouchable caste j. Scholarship for girls and women k. Human and child rights 1. Monitoring and evaluation

11

.

22.

23.

local level Development o f evaluation and 8 5 9 13 16 51 assessment tools Project formulation 1 5 14 8 18 46

Rank Area

1. DeveloDment o f literacv materials

Number o f organizations that need training

26 2.

3.

15) The main positive aspects o f the organizations: a. Mutual co-operation b. Providing fertilizer at cost price c. Regular meetings d. Enthusiasm and the spirit o f volunteerism e. Financial transparency f. Women's leadership g. Gender equality and equal access h. Needs assessment and participatory approach

Community participation in awareness raising; community participation; development o f local level learning center for sustainability and continuity Training Droeram for literacv Dersonnel

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22

12

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10. 1 1.

Methods to motivate participants for literacy programs; 21

Methods for community participation; training for the 18 effective monitoring and follow-up programs

management committee members; guidebooks for literacy personnel training; project formulation Development o f relations and networking with over 17 organizations Refresher training; training for staff on literacy related 16 programs; development o f evaluation and assessment tools Formation o f women and youth groups; utilization o f 15 national curriculum at the local level Research and survey; preparation and development o f 14 training materials; community mapping and provincial statistics Formation o f savings and credit group Development o f house-hold survey method

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i. Local resource mobilization j. Parental and child education k. Women empowerment 1. Income generation activities m. Controlling girl trafficking n. Youth training 0. Ski l ls training p. Unanimity and unity q. Clear j o b description r. Women's group s. Sericulture t. Livestock U. Material development v. Drinking water w. Positive attitude x. People participation y. Tourism z. Protection o f environment

16) The main aspects o f the organizations that need to be improved are as follows: a. Report writing b. Proposal writing c. Financial support d. Agriculture education e. Related materials support f. Better management g. Encourage the staffs' feelings o f responsibility h. Relationship with donors i. Institutional commitment j . Encourage an apolitical attitude k. Capabilities o f staff 1. Encourage timely refresher courses m. Enhance physical facilities n. Recruit more trainers 0. Practical use o f acquired training and sk i l ls p. Effort to develop sustainability q. Record keeping r. Communication

17) The main management areas that need to be enhanced and strengthened: a. Household survey b. Regular supervision c. Timely delivery o f learning materials d. Regular job attendance e. Local leadership

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f. €5 h. 1.

j. k. 1. m n.

P. 9.

0 .

Rank 1. 2. 3. 4.

Financial transparency Monitoring, supervision and evaluation Extracurricular activities Motivation Training o f trainers Selection o f equal distance centers Co-ordination project formalities Report writing Communication Formation o f management committee and think tank Mother's club Childcare center

Activities Frequency Freedom to select the venue o f the project Freedom to organize the program Freedom to organize the program in the district Freedom to evaluate the program

28 17 16 15

18) The main technical capability areas to be enhanced to implement literacy programs: a. Development o f local textbooks based on needs assessment b. Participatory evaluation sk i l ls c. Continuation o f program d. Training o f Community Learning Center (CLC) organization e. Training o f facilitators and supervisors f. Skill training for material development g. Integration o f functional content h. Timely refresher courses offered i. Skill oriented program for better motivation j . Development o f examination and evaluation technique k. Participatory Rural Approach (PRA) training 1. Donors supervision m. Evaluation training n. Post literacy and continuing education program 0. Demonstration lesson

5. 6.

7.

19) Out 62 NGOs, most have their own funding agencies to support their programs. The evaluation o f their activities reveals the following:

Free to implement the program 14 The quantity o f interaction between the literacy personnel and 8 donors

7 Appropriateness o f technical support to received

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2. 3.

20) Inter-relationship between organizations for literacy programs: 1 Rate 1 Activities 1 Frequency

Mutual co-operation in program 11 Development o f organizational relationships 10

~ I Mutual co-operation in training program I 17 I

r4. I Mutual co-operation in materials development I 7 I

21) Most NGOs responded that NFE was one o f the main purposes o f their organization even if it was not necessarily their main goal.

22) Gender sensibility Most organizations integrate issues o f gender by developing the following activities :-

A. Integrating gender equality a.

b.

C.

d. e. f. g. h. i.

Equal participation o f girls and women especially to promote income generation activities More emphasis on gender equality as a major issue (only 3.20 YO women in executive the committee) and considering women's voices in decision making Awareness program for the male population on the over load o f tasks on women Reducing work over Ioad on girls and women Focal point for discussion Equal rights Seminars encouraging women to compete Equal wages Social awareness

B. Inclusion o f gender equality in their program a. Awareness program on the need o f equal access to education b. Maximum women participation

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c. Special program for girls and women d. Selection of women facilitators e. Formation o f mother’s and child groups f. Women supervisors g. Up-grading literacy levels for women

C. Kind of programs organized for the advancement o f capable girls and women: a. Skil l development training for girls and women in food preservation b. Special skill-oriented scholarship for poorest o f poor (POP) girls and

women c. Master o f Ceremony (MC) training d. Fabric painting training e. Education o n status o f drinking water and saving o f credit scheme f. Women oriented program leadership, self-reliance training and methods to

control male mal-practices g. Leadership improvement for girls and women h. Sericulture i. Family planning j. Local facilities for women k. Awareness program through group discussion

D. Personnel with gender training in an organization: Approximately 60% o f NGO personnel received training on gender equity.

E. Ways in which gender issue have been integrated in their teaching and learning activities: a. Class discussion on women’s issues b. Posters, stories and their relevant materials c. Teaching o f sanitation methods d. Sensitization activities e. Interaction and discussion using booklets on identify f. Mass awareness campaigns g. Textbook context to consider gender issues h. Special coaching for girls and women i. Legal literacy programs j . Women cooperatives

F. Approximately 6 organizations said they had developed their own materials on gender equality issues.

G. Future plans for enhancing gender equality: a. Equal participation o f girls and women b. Leadership opportunities for women c. Continuation o f integrated future plan d. Gender issue as an integral part o f the program

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e. Development o f materials f. Door to door campaigns g. Formation o f gender observation sub committee h. Women advocacy program for girls and women

H. Type o f assistance needed to promote gender equality in their programs a. Gender policy guidelines b. Lack o f vision on gender sensitivity c. Training on gender issues d. Gender should be integrated in formal education e. Comparison between men and women's j ob descriptions f. Material development at local level g. U s e o f posters and charts to illustrate gender issues

23) The main areas that display equality in an organization's basic literacy programs: General awareness programs for male and female Equal participation o f men and women in class Priority for the selection o f women facilitators and supervisors Compulsory female membership in management committees Equal participation for haves and haves not Gender issues in basic literacy Reducing social inequalities and injustice that exists in some traditional beliefs Parental motivation CO-education Women involved in decision making and official jobs Changing social outlook to have equal treatment for sons and daughters Women's rights Involvement and participation o f widows Girl trafficking and awareness on AIDS Increasing female ratio in management Gender training Gender related materials Unbiased attitude between male and female Seminar on women's rights Involvement o f women in development Presentation on gender issues Participation o f women trainers Encourage home-bound women to become more active

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B. Analysis o f Interviews wi th Local NGO Executive Members

Out o f the twenty-five NCO executive members (five from each development region) that we planned to interview, only eighteen members were interviewed. Their opinions as expressed during the interview are as follows:

1. Opinion about the concept o f literacy - literacy as such is not useful - literacy i s going on in isolation - literacy should be o f daily use - literacy classes should be related with development - literacy centers should not be l ike formal school classes - literacy should address community problems - literacy means everybody should know how to read and write - literacy for self reliance

2. Importance o f literacy for community development: The interviewees believe that literacy classes should focus o n the following types o f programs.

- community oriented programs - a l l day classes - problem solving methods - income generation activities - awareness programs for the re-vitalization o f local trade and professions

3. NGOs would l ike to improve literacy programs in their communities in the following areas:

- savings and credit scheme - health and hygiene - savings groups - literacy programs for out o f school children and women - supervision - training o f facilitators - local awareness - needs assessment

4. NGOs are working to achieve their needs o f the target groups in the following ways.

- creation o f the feeling o f co-operation in the community - importance o f co-operation in the community - improving public awareness - running basic literacy programs - short term income generation training programs - formation o f co-operative society - some o f them are not successful

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5. Negative aspects and constraints facing the NGOs: - political debates - lack o f program continuity - lack o f co-ordination among the staff - in sufficient rapport in the villages - unable to select proper local NGOs - most NGOs are located in urban areas, - language problem - lack o f staff

6. Effective skills in their organizations: - management ,supervision - evaluation training - organizational unity - gender equity - appointment o f women facilitators - management and supervision training - women facilitators and staff

7. Efforts in the improvement o f technical skills for the members o f the organization:

- refresher training

- proposal writing - ski l ls training for women - organization o f community based organizations - accounting - leadership development

, - management training

8. Priority for capacity building in NGOs: - social awareness - women's education - women empowerment - child rights - social development - long te rm plan /projection - material development - resource mobilization

C. Analysis o f Interviews with Local Leaders

Out o f the twenty-five local leaders (one DDC, one V D C chairman and three community members) that we had planned to interview, ten leaders were interviewed. Their opinions on capacity building needs are given below:

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1. They think that literacy i s a basic need involving reading, writing and arithmetic. Literacy i s a means for development and social change. They think that the foundation for basic education should be functional.

2. Types of programs they want in the community: - income generation through basic education - better health and hygiene - parental awareness on the importance o f literacy - co-operation and group work - using the ''each one teach one for social change" method - innovative programs - problem solving approach

3. Type o f help NGOs are providing in their communities: - programs for adult education and out o f school youth - income generation - savings groups - mother groups - vegetable garden - vitamin A program - legal literacy

4. Most NGOs are helping to promote the needs o f their target groups but some o f them are working half-heartedly and they are only partially successful.

5. Aspects that have been helpful in achieving their objectives: - running literacy centers - group discussions - regularity o f the programs - develop positive attitude towards literacy - women group formation - monitoring and supervision

6. Negative issues and constraints: - lack o f well-trained trainers - political debates - lack o f continuity o f literacy programs - lack o f coordination - negativism towards NGOs - incomplete discussions - lack o f detailed information - lack o f rapport in the community - lack o f leadership - organizational conflicts

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7. Weakness o f NGOs working in their communities: - lack o f proposal writing training - lack o f refresher training - urban-oriented NGOs - passive national NGOs - unable to remove backward traditional beliefs among target groups

8. Most important activities that can be carried out by NGOs in their communities :

- positive attitude - coordination between NGOs and the communities - income generation activities - needs identification - resource mobilization and collection - skills oriented programs - social service and volunteerism - drinking water and irrigation - NGO coordination meetings - reforestation to control landslides

9. Suggestions to enhance the capacity o f NGOs working in their communities: - strong coordination between NGOs and the communities

, - household survey and needs identification - de-politicization - government involvement - development o f a l i s t o f NGO criteria on how to run an NGO - priorities for community participatory activities - training on social mobilization and initiation for NGO members - managerial training - clear policy direction for the NGOs - direct public participation - community orientation - community supervision and monitoring - community evaluation

D. Analvsis o f Focus GrouD Discussions

A) Positive Aspects o f NGOs 1. Continuation o f programs 2. U s e o f PRA method 3. Women saving group 4. Active involvement o f NGO staff 5. Mobilization o f public participation 6. NGOs supervision

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7. Involvement o f women facilitators 8. Organization o f mother's groups 9. 10. Minority and disadvantaged group 1 1. Board member volunteers 12. Sustainability o f the program with the support o f local government 13. Accounting training 14. Twice a month supervision 15. Involvement o f women executive members 16. Management training 17. Program implementation through the support o f DE0 on training and material 18. Sustainability through local human and physical resources 19. Joint monitoring and supervision system 20. Program development based on needs assessment 21. Training program for NGO staff 22. Establishment o f reading centers 23. Nutrit ion and vitamin A program 24. Women's active participation in conducting NRE classes

Mobilization o f local resource persons

B) Co-ordination and strategic planning: - - - Planning and management ski l ls - Training on community development - Educational observation /tours - Refresher training - Collection of educational materials - Educational equipment - - Training provisions from donors - Computer and accountant training

TOT and proposal development training Training for curriculum and material development

Regular discussions on progress and reviews

C) Special Programs Proposal training Banking training Financial training Local decision making process Regular board meetings Local leadership and management training for NGOs staff Basic education campaign Environmental education Evaluation o f NGO activities Decentralization o f planning and management Group supervision, monitoring and evaluation Equal access for girls and women to education and job opportunities

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D) The management sector should look after the following issues: - - - Appointment o f local facilitators - Account training and regularity - - - Need o f legal literacy - Group formation - Human resource development - House-hold survey - TOT training - Women participation

Variation of salary between NGOs and INGOs programs DE0 not co-operating with house-hold surveys

Provision for equivalency program to enroll in formal education Need o f functional content and usage

E) Technical Needs 1. Development o f local instructional materials 2. Selection o f local trainers 3. Functional skills 4. Training co-ordination 5. Residential training 6. Informative posters, bulletins, pamphlets and pocket boards 7. Need o f reading materials in local languages 8. Separate curriculum materials for 5 development region 9. Strong supervision through the government 10. Regular supervision for NGOs and INGOs 1 1. Refresher training 12. Management training, leadership training, proposal writing 13. Record keeping

F) Need o f Gender Sensibility 1. Husbands are hindering the mass participation o f women 2. NGO members should play role models to encourage the participation of more women 3. The women facilitators in Kai la l i and Kanchanpur districts are more successful running literacy classes 4. Management and accounting training for the women 6. Provisions for proposal development for women

E. Information Received f r o m the Observation Forms In addition to the questionnaires, interviews with local executive committee members, interviews with the local leaders and focus group discussions, the observation forms were also developed and distributed to supplement and verify the information received f rom different NGOs.

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Out o f 25 observation forms distributed, 25 forms were collected, 5 f rom each o f the f ive development regions. The observation form brought up the following issues:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6.

7.

8.

Institutional information Information on NGO staff and their duties, training and qualifications Organizational charts Physical facilities (software and hardware ) Management systems including job description, policy discussions, decentralization, flexibility in the decision making process, responsibility, and information dissemination Information on literacy programs such as classes, income generation activities, training facilities, materials development, linkage and co-ordination Home v is i ts to observe the direct impact o f literacy activities in daily l i fe and Living conditions. Understanding their attitudes towards literacy

This form as a survey tool was developed to get on-the-spot information f rom the villagers and community peoples after having done in-depth interviews, discussions and obtained detailed information through the questionnaires.

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Part 111

Major Finding and Recommendations Based on the analysis o f the questionnaires; interviews with local leaders; NGO executive members; and focus group discussions, the major findings and recommendations are categorized into three different areas:

1. Administrative needs In the areas o f administrative needs, most NGOs have the following perspectives: - During the process of project formulation and planning, grassroots CBOs and

community people should be involved Project planning should be initiated by the community Mobilization o f local resources through membership, income from the co- operatives, and sale o f printed materials are strongly recommended There i s a strong need for continuous and effective monitoring and follow-up programs Awareness programs for local leaders and community people Mobilization o f available human resources such as facilitators, supervisors, monitors and evaluators. Development o f formative evaluations for program improvement Organization o f household surveys to identify the literate population as we l l as the level o f education o f their children Most NGOs have suggested that literacy programs should be free f rom political interference or party politics Clear policy direction for NGOs Regular discussions on the progress o f the program and a quarterly review Need o f decentralized planning and management

- -

-

- -

- -

-

- - -

2. Technical needs In technical needs, the NGOs have expressed the following views: - - - - - - - - - - - -

Development o f local literacy materials based on needs assessment Short te rm training programs for management committee members Local training programs for literacy personnel Development o f local curriculum and i t s implementation Training on micro credit and group savings In-service training for the literacy instructors and supervisors Skills training for local income generation Training for the promotion o f local professions Develop appropriate methods to motivate the participants Development o f community participation approaches Training on PRA to maximize local participation Development o f networking systems for materials sharing and training program

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Need to develop a variety o f materials such as posters, pamphlets, leaflets, puppets and audio-visual materials Development o f learning materials in local languages Evaluation o f learners achievement Conduct action research for program development Organize training on input, process and output evaluation Utilization o f national curriculum Development o f guidebooks for literacy personnel Development of community profiles and community mapping Developing o f examination and evaluation techniques for literacy program Demonstration lesson during training programs Development o f environmental education programs Provisions for equivalency programs to enroll in formal education through non-formal channels Residential training Development o f separate curriculum materials for the five development regions

3. Management Needs In management needs, most NGOs have expressed the following views:

Awareness raising on the importance of literacy for community development and community participation Development o f local learning centers for the sustainability and continuation o f the program Proper management o f N G O personnel, property and educational materials Acquisition o f educational materials and proper distribution Regular training on management, proposal writing and accounting Strong co-ordination system among the NGOs Increase women's participation both in executive committees and in the community work Gender equality should be integrated in basic literacy programs Strong need for training o f NGO staff on gender sensibility Most organizations are running their offices f rom rented buildings and many have very poor facilities, they should try to acquire at least the minimum facilities needed to run efficiently Equality in facilities and salaries provided to facilitators and supervisors

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Annex: 1

Capacity Building for Local NGOs Project

Questionnaire for Survey

1. Introduction o f Organization:-

Name of Organization:- .........................................................................

Mailing Address of the Organization:- .......................................................

District:- .................................... Development Region:- .........................

VDU Municipality:- ............................. .Ward No.:- ..............................

Phone No.:- ................................. Fax No.:- ..................................

E-mail:- ....................................... Other:- ..................................

Contact Person:- .............................. Title:- ........................................

Established In:- ................................. Register No.:- ..............................

Registered On:- .......................................

2. Organizational Structure:- ....................................................................

a. Please clarify whether the organization i s central or local level.

b. Number o f executive committee members:- Women:- ....... Men: ..... .Total: .....

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c. Description about the staffs:-

Staff

Technician

Administration

Women M e n Total Trained Untrained If trained mention type o f training

Women M e n Women Men

~~

3. Organization's vision:- a.

b.

C.

d

e

4. Objective o f the organization:- a.

b.

C.

d.

e.

5 . Policy and Program for promoting sustainability o f the organization:-

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6. Program Area:-

Past year

District

Present year

7. Physical facilities:- a.

b.

C.

d.

e.

8. Ma in activities:-

VDC/ Municipality / Ward No.

a. Basic Literacy Centers

b. Post Literacy Centers

c. Learning Centers

d. Non-Educational

Target Group

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programs 1

b. Post Literacy

c. Learning Center

d. Non-Educational Programs

Program a. Basic Literacy

10. Training facilities:-

Materials

Training Program

a. Basic Literacy Training

b. Post-Literacy Training

c. Learning Center Training

d. Non-Educational Training Program

e. Training participated by organization a1 member

Name o f training Duration

Publisher

Training Organization

11. Financial Sources:-

a.

b.

C.

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e. 12. The relationship o f organization with GOs, other NGOs, INGOs and

donors: -

13. The main role of the organization at local level to develop literacy program:-

a.

b.

C.

d.

e.

14. Prioritize the areas o f capacity building needs o f the organization as listed below:-

(1 for minimum and 5 for maximum number o f priority)

a.

b.

C.

Community participation for awareness raising.

Formation o f women and youth group.

Development o f household survey method.

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d.

e.

f.

1 Method for community participation.

Community participation.

Method to motivate the participants for literacy program.

I] Training program for literacy personnels (facilitators, trainer, supervisor)

Training for their staffs related to the literacy program.

Formation of saving and credit group.

[ Formation o f local consumer committee.

Training for management committee members.

Development o f literacy materials for literacy program eg. ( ) books ( ) booklets ( ) posters ( ) audio -visual materials ( ) games ( ) comics etc.

m. Effective monitoring and follow-up program.

n. [ 1 Development o f relation and networking with other organization.

0. I 1 Refreshment training.

p. Research and survey.

q. Preparation and development o f learning materials.

r. Guidebook for literacy personnel training.

Development o f local level learning centers for sustainability and continuity.

t. Community mapping and provincial statistical data.

U. Utilization o f National curriculum in local level.

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v. 1 1 Development evaluation and assessment tools.

w. 1-1 Project formulation.

s. 1 I Others. 15. Point out 5 main positive aspects of your organization.

a.

b.

C.

d.

e.

16. point out 5 main aspects of your organization to be improved.

a.

b.

C.

d.

e.

17. Point out 5 main areas to be enhanced and strengthen capability in the area o f management

a.

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C.

d.

e.

18. Point out 5 main areas to be enhanced in the technical capability to implement the literacy program.

a.

b.

C.

d.

e.

19. Evaluate the following aspects if any your program i s financially supported by donors assignment.

(1 = Minimum, 5=Maximum) a. Freedom to organize the program.

b. Freedom to select the venue o f project

c. Freedom to organize the program in the district.

d. Freedom to evaluate the program.

e. Freedom to implement the program.

f. Appropriations of the technical advice received.

g. Adequacy o f technical support so received.

El

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h. The quality o f interaction between the literacy personnel and

donors. U 20. Interrelationship between organizations for literacy programs.

a. Mutual co-operation in training program. L A b. Mutual co-operation in materials development. E l c. Mutual co-operation in the program. U d. Sharing experience on literacy. E l e. Development o f organizational relationship. E l

21. What i s the main role of your organization relating the NFE?

a. Main goals

b. Purpose

c. Specific objectives.

22. Questions related with gender sensibility.

a. How your organization i s integrating gender equality in the program?

b. How do you include gender equality in your program?

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c. What kind o f program i s organized by your organization for the development o f the girls and women capable?

d. How many persons have received training on gender in your organization?

e. How the gender issues have been integrated in your teaching, learning activities?

f. Has your organization developed or used the materials related with gender equality?

g. Your future plan for gender equality?

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h. What type o f assistance do you need to promote gender equality in your program?

23. Point out 5 main areas for gender equality in your organization's literacy program?

a.

b.

C.

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Annex: 2

Interview Schedule for L o c a l NGO Executive Committee Members

Guidelines: -

Target group

A Chairman or Secretary/ Executive members o f NGO.

Numbers to be interviewed

Five members f rom each development region. An executive member from each NGO. The total members are twenty-five.

Ouestionnaires for interview

1. Give the opinion about the concept o f literacy.

2. Important o f literacy for the community development.

3. How do NGOs support to improve the literacy program in community?

4. I s your organization working to achieve the needs o f target groups? If yes, how i s it going on or if not - Give reason.

To achieve the objective o f the program which aspect has been helpful. If not, what are the reasons for not helpful?

5. What are the negative aspects and constraints you are facing?

a. Which constraints could be removed?

b. How do you improve your program?

6. In the following skil ls, which skills were effective in your organization?

Management > Training > Materials development > Supervision and evaluation

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9 Office management 9 Government and others k Cooperation with other organization Technical 9 Training 9 Materials development k Supervision, follow up and evaluation

Gender 9 Women participants P Women facilitator/ personnel > Women members o f organization 9 Women staff

7. What can be done for the improvement o f technical sk i l l for the members o f the organization?

8. What aspects should be given priority for capacity building?

9. Give your suggestions to enhance the capacities o f the NGOs.

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Annex:3

Capacity Building for Local NGO's Project

.Interview o f Local Leaders Guidelines

Target group A Chairman o f DDC, A Chairman o f V D C and the social workers.

Interview o f participants

A Charmin o f DDC, A Chairman of V D C and three community members each f rom Developmental Regions. The total interviewees will be twenty-five.

Questionnaires for interview

1. Give your own opinion about literacy?

2. What type o f program do you want in your community?

3. What type o f help NGOs are providing in your community?

4. I s NGOs program helping to promote the needs o f target groups?

5. Which aspects have been more helpful to achieve the objectives?

6. What are the negative issues and constraints in those programs? Give the external and internal aspects. a. How the constraints could be removed? b. What are the skil l deficiencies in the NGOs and what do you suggest to improve

their skills?

7. What are the weaknesses o f NGOs, which are working in your area?

8. Whlch i s the most important activity can be carried out by NGOs i s your community?

9. Give your suggestion to enhance the capacity o f NGOs working in your community?

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Annex:4

Capacity Building for Loca l NGO’s Project

Guidelines for target group interaction

Guidelines:

Target group One technical expert and an executive committee member should participate in the interaction program.

Participant’s name, organization’s name, status and their address should be mentioned.

Number o f participants There should be ten participants f rom one NGO. Total would be fifty participants f rom five-development region.

Issues o f the group interaction 1. What are, the positive aspects o f the NGOs (there aspects should be related to the

given ski l ls )

Management 9 Survey 3 Participants, Facilitators and their active participation 9 Management o f organization 9 Implementation o f activity o f literacy program 3 Program sustainability continuity

Technical 3 Training 3 Materials development. 0 Supervision, fol low up and evaluation.

Gender 3 Women participation in programs. 3 Women facilitators and personnel. 0 Number o f women in the NGOs. > Women staff.

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2. What can be done for the development o f technical ski l l o f the staff in the NGOs?

3. What do you think which part i s very much important to be developed for the organization?

Annex: 5

List o f NGOs involved in Capacity Building National Survey

Eastern Development Region 1. Rural Region Development Support Service Center, Siraha . 2. Women Rehabilitation Center, Kathmandu. 4. Women Development Center, Morang 5. Community Development Service Center, 6. Co-operative Society of Ham, Ham 7. Women Welfare Society, Ham 8. Sungabha Club, llam 9. Women Development Center, Morang

Central Development Region 1. Jyotidaya Sangh, Chapagaun, Lalitpur 2. Co-operative Society, Bungamati, Lalitpur 3. Women Group, Banepa, Kavrepalanchowk 4. SID, Nepal, Kavrepalanchowk 5. Sri Sunkoshi youth club, Lamagoan, Kavrepalanchowk 6. Rural Community development Society , Banepa, Kavrepalanchowk 7. Set0 Gurans Child Development Center , Dhulikhel, Kavrepalanchowk 8. MRS Organization of Nepal , Lalitpur 9. Kamal- Nari Service Center, Lalitpur I O . Bhaktapur Lady Junior Chamber, Bhaktapur 11. Student Library , Durbar Square , Bhaktapur 12. Lidhasa Co-operative Society ,Khokana, Lalitpur 13.Arunodaya Youth Club, Parsa

14. Rural Service Committee, Nepal 15. Youth Club , Narayangadh 16. Youga Jyoti Youth Club

Western Region 1. Samidanda Saving and Credit Co-operative Ltd.,Gorakha 2. Jansawa Youth Club, Mirkot, Gorakha 3. National Education and Social Development Organization, Parwot, (NESCO) 4. Napal Rural Rehabilitation Organization(RRN), Kaski

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5. Sirjana Development Center, Kaski 6. Chartare Youty CIub(CYC), Baiglung 7. Village Awareness and Development Soiety , Parwot 8. Energy Development and Environment Conservation Center, Baglung 9. Kasturi Youty Club IO. SEDA ,Nepal 11. Society Service Group, Tanahui 12. Village Development Service Association 13. Rural Empowerment Society , Tanahui- 14. Dhulagiri Community Resource Development Center, Baglung 15. Galaxy Service Center, Nawalparasi 16. Integrated Community Development Society , Tanahui 17. Women Skill Development Porject 18. Environment Conservation for Development Society , (ENPRED), Nepal 19.6. Ward. C., Bagelung 20. Kurkot Youth Club, Baise, Nepal Jof; 21. Nepal Red-Cross Society, Kaski

Mid -Western Development Region 1. People Awareness Raising Center 2. Tharu Women Development Center 3. Rural Community Development Support Center 4. Society Welfare Action, Nepal 5. Social Awareness Program 6. Women's Skill Development Center,' Guleriya 7. Tharu Community Development Center 8. Environment and Nature Conservation Center , Bairdiya 9. Environment Conservation Society I O . Social Upgrade in Progress of Educational Region 11. Hurnla Multiple Program, Humla

Far - Western Development Region 1. Sangam Youth Club, Kailali 2. Society for Social Wel-fare, Education and Environment Development, Nepal 3. Sarada sangm Youth Club, Kanchanpur 4. Chhabise Rural Awareness Center, Bajang

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