REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE TO REVIEW THE ARMED FORCES (SPECIAL POWERS) ACT, 1958

8/2/2019 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE TO REVIEW THE ARMED FORCES (SPECIAL POWERS) ACT, 1958

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^EXG^] GI ]LEDGJJO]]EE ]G ^EYOEP ]LE

B^JEM IG^ DET ,TXEDOBA XGP E^T/BD]! 2?5885


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DGF]EF]T

XbèFg&

Xb~}*O Of}~gmud}ogf =*?

Xb~}*OO Ae ba bfm Dgft}o}u}ogfba btxed}t 28*=2

Xb~}*Oaa Ieem nbdc ~edeoyem n }le Dgjjo}}ee,êx~etef}b}ogft! xunaod leb~of`t! e}d&/ =>*99

Xb~}*OY êdgjjefmb}ogft 90**2=0

>


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]LE DGJ JO]]EE ]G ÊYOEP ]LE B^JEM IG^DET,TXEDOBA XGP E^T/ BD ]! 2?5dgi no Ku~} GTTl~oybt}byJejne~

ii}Vg&K' &G}}~ buU

A}& @ef& ,ê}m/ Y&^&^b`lbybfJejne~

%C '' ~Ttbfkg Lb{b ~ocbJejne~

Kut}ode ,ê}m/ N&X&Keeybf êmm | * Dlbo~jbf


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X B^]* OOF]^GMUD]OGF

Nbdc`~gufmOf }le pbce gi }le of}efte bò}b}ogf abufdlem n yb~ogut

doyoa tgdoe} `~guxt of Jbfoxu~ igaagpof` }le meb}l gi C~& ]l&Jbfg~bjb Meyo gf 22&0&>88= ploae of }le dut}gm gi }le Bttbjôiaet! bfm }le eb~a oe~ ofmeiofo}e ibt} ufme~}bcef n Jt& O~gjTlb~joab tofde >882 mejbfmof` ~exeba gi }le B~jem Ig~det,Txedoba Xgpe~t/ Bd}! 2?5< ,le~eofbi}e~ ~eie~~em }g BITXB/! }leUfogf Lgje Jofot}e~ yoto}em Jbfoxu~ of Tex}ejne~ >88= bfm~eyoepem }le to}ub}ogf po}l }le giiode~t gi }le T}b}e @gy}& bfm }leTedu~o}Of}eaa oèfde bèfdoet& Mu~of` }lot yoto} Bxufnb Aux bfmjbf meae`b}ogft bfm do}o{ef `~guxt ~botem b mejbfm ig~~eygdb}ogf gi }le BITXB& ]le~e pe~e g}le~ `~guxt plgmejbfmem b ~eyoep gi }le Bd} g~ ibygu~em ~e}bofof` }le Bd}&Mu~of` }le yoto} gi }le X~oje Jofot}e~ }g Jbfoxu~ of! Fgyejne~>88=! teye~ba g~`bfo{b}ogft ofdaumof` }le Bxufnb Aux bfm jbfg}le~ ofmoyomubat je} }le X~oje Jofot}e~ po}l tojoab~ xaebt& ]leX~oje Jofot}e~ bttu~em }lej }lb } }le Def}~ba @g y}& pguamdgftome~ }leo~ mejbfm tjxb}le}odbaa&>& ]le Def}~ba @gye~fjef}! bddg~mofà! te} ux b 5*Jejne~Dgjjo}}ee ,yome Jofot}~ gi Lgje Biibo~t Giiode G~me~ Fg&22822?0>88=*FE*O O O mb}em 2? }l Fgyejne~! >88= * Dgx b}B f f e | u ~ e * O / ufme~ }le Dlbo~jbftlox gi Kut}ode N&X& Keeybfêmm! ig~je~ Kumè gi }le Tux~eje Dgu~} po}l }le iga agpofìgu~ Jejne~t; *,b/ M~& T&N& Fbcbme! Ig~je~ Yode Dlbfdeaag~ bfm Ku~ot}&,n/Tl~o &X&Tl~oybt}by!OBT,ê}m/!Ig~je~Txedoba Ted~e}b~!JLB

=


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54& ]le }e~j t gi ~eie~efde ig~ }le Dg jj o}}ee b~e bt igaag p t; *

.Ceexof` of yoep }le aeò} ojb}e dgfde~ft gi }le xegxae gi}le Fg~}l Ebt}e~f êògf! }le feem }g igt}e~ Lujbf ô`l}t!ceexof` of xe~txed}oye }le ojxe~b}oyet gi tedu~o} bfmjbof}efbfde gi xunaod g~me~ }g ~eyoep }le x~gyotogft gi }leB~jem Ig~det ,Txedoba Xgpe~t/ Bd}! 2?5< bt bjefmem of 2?0>bfm }g bmyote }le @gy}& gi Ofmob ple}le~*

,b/ ]g bjefm }le x~gyotogft gi }le Bd} }g n~of` }lej ofdgftgfbfde po}l }le gnao`b}ogft gi }le @gy}& }gpb~mt x~g}ed}ogfgi Lujbf ô`l}t3 g~

,n/]g ~exabde }le Bd} n b jg~e lujbfe Bd}&

]le Dgjjo}}ee jb of}e~bd} po}l ~ex~etef}b}oyet gi tgdoba`~guxt! T}b}e @gye~fjef}t bfm dgfde~fem bèfdoet gi Def}~ba@gy}&T}b}e @gy}& ae`ba e|xe~}t bfm ofmoyomubat! bt meejemfedettb~ n }le Dgjjo}}ee of dgffed}ogf po}l }le ~eyoep gi }leB~jem Ig~det ,Txedoba Xgpe~t/ Bd}! 2?5< bt bjefmem of 2?0>&

]le Dgjjo}}ee poaa jee} bt gi}ef bt ~eruo~em bfm yoto} }leFg~}l Ebt}e~f ~eògf! oi iea} fedettb~.&

Meaone~b}ogft gi }le Dgjjo}}ee bfm o}t of}e~bd}ogf po}lt}bcelgame~t;=& ]le Dgjjo}}ee leam o}t i o~t} jee}of` gf >=&22&>88= bfmtedgfm jee}of` gf >9&22&>88= bfm meaone~b}em gf o}t }e~jt gi~eie~efde gi }le Dgjjo}}ee bfm x~gdemu~e }g ne igaagpem ig~ o}tpg~c& Of o}t }lo~m jee}of` leam gf &>88=! o} pbt medomem }g


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dbaa ig~ ~ex~etef }b}ogft i~gj }le èfe~ba xunaod& B fg}ode pbtxunaotlem of baa }le fb}ogfba mboaoet bfm ~eògfba xbxe~t gf28&2>&>88=! plodl! of}e~*baob ~ebm bt ufme~; *

.]le Dgjjo}}ee lbt medomem }g dbaa ig~ ~ex~etef}b}ogft gfpl e}le~ o} tlguam ne ~edgjjefm }g }le @gye~fj ef} gi Ofmob }g ;

,o/ bjefm }le x~gyotogft gi }le Bd} }g n~of` }le j ofdgftgfbfde po}l }le gnao`b}ogft gi }le `gye~fjef} }gpb~mtx~g}ed}ogf gi Lujbf ô`l}t&

G~,o o/ ~exabde }le Bd} n b jg~e luj bfe aeòtab}ogf&

]le Dgjjo}}ee ofyo}et ofmoyomubat! g~`bfotb}ogft! xb~}oet!oft} o }u} ogft bfm ba a fgf*`gye~fjef}ba g~`bfotb} ogft of}e~et}em of}le ottue }g tefm }leo~&~etxgftet po}lof 48 mbt b} }le bngyebmm~ett&

]le Dgjjo}}ee x~gxgtet }g yoto} }le Fg~}l*Ebt} neòffof` po}lJbfoxu~ gf >0 }l Medejne~! >88=& ]le }ojof`t bfm yefue gi }lejee}of`t gi }le Dgjjo}}ee tlbaa ne of}ojb}em ab}e~& Baa }lgteof}e~et}em b~e ofyo}em }g x~etef} }leo~ yoept of p~o} of` bt peaa btof xe~tgf gf }le mb}et }g ne txedoi oem of mue dgu~te }l~gu`l }lejemob. &

5& ]le gii ode bfm g}le~ ofi~bt}~ud}u~e gi }le Dgjjo}}ee dbje uxjudl ab}e~ mu~of` }le abt} peec gi Medejne~ >88= & ]le

9


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ngdg}} }le yoto} gi }le Dgjjo}}ee& Metxo}e }le ngdg}} dbaa! bab~è fujne~ gi ofmoyomubat! `~guxt! g~`bfo{b}ogft bfm Tbpe~tbxxeb ~em neig~e }le Dgjjo}}ee bfm e|x~ettem }le o~ yoept gf}le BITXB i~eea& ]le @GD 20 Jguf}bof Moy& Ojxlba batg `bye bme}boaem x~etef}b}ogf gf }le e|ot}efde gi yb~ogut joao}bf} ufme~*`~gufm gu}i o }t bfm }le ~gae gi }le B~j of dgf}bofof` }leoftu~èfd& Le kut} o i oem }le xgpe~t bfm x~g}ed} ogf òyef }g }leB~jem Ig~det ufme~ }le BITXB&9& Mu~of` }le tedgfm yoto } gi }le Dg j j o}}ee }g Jb foxu~! o }yoto}em }le loa a mot}~od}t gi Jbfoxu~ yo{& Tefbxb}o bfmDlu~bdlbfmxu~ gf Bx~o a ! >8 }g >4!>885& B} }lete leb~of`t!~ex~etef}b}oyet gi Fb`bt! Cucot! [gjot! Xbo}et! bfm g}le~! e}lfod`~guxt bxxeb~em neig~e }le Dgjjo}}ee bfm jbme p~o} }ef bfmg~ba tunjottogft&0& ]le D gj j o}}ee yoto}em B`b~}bab of ]~oxu~b gf Ien~ub~ 885& B iep `~guxt bxxeb~em bfm ~ex~etef}em }leo~ yoept&8 85 & @~guxt gi Abpe~t! Uf oye~to} t}ume f}t! ofmoyomubatbfm tgje }~ onba `~guxt bxxeb~em neig~e }le Dgjjo}}ee! teecof`}le ~exeba gi }le Bd}& B} Mon~u`b~l ,Bx~o a >=>5! >885/! tdlgab~tbfm }ebdle~t i~gj }le Mon~u`b~l Ufoye~to} bt peaa btx~giettogfbat bfm nutofett ~ex~etef}b}oyet e|x~ettem }leo~ yoeptibygu~of` ~exeba gi }le Bd}&?& Of Je`lb abb! ,Tloaagf` * Ien& 22 !>8 85 /! }le Mo~ed}g~@efe~ba Bttbj ôiaet! `bye b x~et ef }b}ogf gf }le feem ig~~e}bofof` }le BITXB& B iep d o}o{ef `~guxt bfm ofmoyomubatbxxe b~em b} }le leb~of`t bfm e|x~ettem }le o~ yoep t& ]le Bd} ot

0


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2 ) >>! >885/! }le DoyoaTgdoe} `~guxt plodl bxxeb~em neig~e }le Dgjjo}}ee t}~gfàmejbfmem }le ~exeba gi }le Bd}& ]le Fb`b Loaat ,}lef of Bttbj/pbt }le io~t} b~eb }g plodl }le Bd} pbt bxxaoem of }le eb~ 2?5 2 ! }le MO@*Bttbj ôiaet n~oeiem }le Dg j j o}}eegf }le du~~ef} to}ub}ogf of }le T}b}e bfm ibygu~em }le ~e}ef}ogfgi }le Bd}&22& Of B~ufbdlba X~bmetl ,Clgftb * Bx~oa >5! >885/! }leDgjjbfmbf} gi }le Bttbj ôiaet bfm }le Tuxm}& Gi Xgaode gi]o~bx mot}~ od} ~edgjjefmem }le ~e}ef}ogf gi }le Bd}! plodl pbtbxxaodbnae gfa }g }le }pg ebt}e~f mot}~od}t gi ]o~bx bfmDlbfàbf`! plodl lbye neef medab~em bt .mot}u~nem b~ebt.& Btefog~ xgaode giiodoba e|x~ettem lot yoep }lb} tgje b~ebt gi Aglo}mot}~od} tlguam batg ne n~gu`l} ufme~ }le xu~yoep gi }le Bd}&2>& ]le Dgjjo}}ee g~`bfo{em xunaod leb~of`t b} Mealo ,Kbf& 2?*>2 ! >885/ ple~e b ab~è fujne~ gi ofmoyomubat! `~guxt! F@Gtbfm Lujbf ô`l}t' `~guxt bxxeb~em neig~e o}& Jgt} gi }lejmejbfmem }le ~exeba gi }le Bd}& Of bmmo}ogf! }le Dgjjo}}ee pbtn~oeiem n }le B~j Lebmrub~}e~t Mealo gf 0&4&>885 n LREbt}e~f Dgjjbfm ,Cgacb}b/ gf Ien& 0! >885/! bfm n L&R& NTIgf Jb 0& >885/& ]le M@! D^XI! dgfyeem yoept gi }leg~`bf o{b}ogf gf Kbfub~ > 2 ! >885 & Baa }lete Ig~det ibygu ~em }le~e}ef}ogf gi }le Bd} g~! b} bf ~b}e! }g x~gyome b ae`ba jedlbfotjmeiofof` }leo~ xgpe~t mu~of` tudl gxe~b}ogf bfm }g x~gyome ig~fedettb~ tbieùb~mt& Igu~ T}b}e @gye~fjef}t! yo{& Bttbj!B~ufbdlba X~bmetl& Je`lbabb bfm Jo{g~bj batg dgfyeem }leo~yoept of p~o}of`& Ploae }le @gye~fjef}t gi Bttbj bfm B~ufbdlba


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X~bmetl ibygu~em }le ~e}ef}ogf gi }le Bd}! }le g}le~ }pg T}b}e@gye~fjef}t iea} }lb} }le~e ot fg feem ig~ }le Bd} bf jg~e&24& ]le Dgjjo}}ee leam 24 jee}of`t! 20 xunaod leb~of`t bfm~edeoyem n~oeiof`t i~gj 0 T}b}e bèfdoet gf }le Bd}& Of baa! 5=ofmoyomubat! 52 g~`bfo{b}ogft bfm 5 xgao } odba xb~}oet tunjo}}em}leo~ yoept }g }le Dgjjo}}ee b} yb~ogut xunaod leb~of`t& ]le~epe~e 29? jef bfm >0 pgjef plg bxxeb~em neig~e }leDgjjo}}ee b} yb~ogut xabdet of }le Fg~}lo*Ebt} bfm b} Fep Mealo&Pe jut} tb }lb} ploae bf gye~pleajof` jbkg~o} gi }le do} o{ef`~guxt bfm ofmoyomubat xaebmem ig~ ~exeba gi }le Bd}! }le pe~ei o ~ja gi }le yoep b} }le tbje } oje! }lb} }le B~j tlguam ~ejbof}g i o`l } }le oftu~` ef}t& Plef e|xabofem }l b} }le dgf}ofubf de giB~j't gxe~b}ogft pguam ~eruo~e b ae`ba jedlbfotj! ruo}e b iepgi }lej b`~eem nu} tu`èt}em }lb} tudl b jedlbfotj tlguammua }bce of}g bddguf} }le feem }g x~g}ed} }le ~o`l}t bfmof}e~et}t gi do}o{eft bt batg gi }le T}b}e& Ibd}uba mb}b ~e`b~mof`}le jee}of`t! leb~of`t bfm ~ex~etef}b}ogft jbme n ofmoyomubat!Doyoa Tgdoe} `~guxt! Lujbf ô`l}t g~`bfo{b}ogft!e}d& ot byboabnaeb} Bffe|u~e O O &


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28

XB^] O OAe`ba bfm Dgft}o}u}ogfba Btxed}t

DLBX]E^* O

]g jee} }le to}ub}ogf b~otof` of de~}bof xb~}t gi Ofmob gfbddguf} gi }le xb~} o } ogf gi }le dguf}~ of 2?=0! }le @gye~fjef}gi Ofmob ottuem igu~ G~mofbfdet yo{&! }le Nef`ba Mot}u~nem B~ebt,Txedoba Xgpe~t gi B~jem Ig~det/ G~mofbfde! 2?=0 ,Bd} 22 gi2?=0/3 }le Bttbj Mot}u~nem B~ebt ,Txedoba Xgpe~t gi B~jemIg~det/ G~mofbfde! 2?=0 ,Bd} 2= gi 2?=0/3 }le Ebt} Xufkbn bfmMealo Mot}u~nem B~ebt ,Txedoba Xgpe~t gi B~jem Ig~det/G~mofbfde! 2?=0 ,Bd} 20 gi 2?=0/3 bfm }le Ufo}em X~gyofdetMot}u~nem B~ebt ,Txedoba Xgpe~t gi B~jem Ig~det/ G~mofbfde!2?=0 ,Bd} >> gi 2?= 0/& ]lete G~mofbfdet pe~e ~exabdem n }leB~j em Ig~det ,Txed oba Xgpe~t/ Bd }! 2?=< neof` Bd} 4 gi 2?= & ]le x~etef} Bd} pbt efbd}em n }le Xb~aobjef} of 2?5< bfm

o} pbt cfgpf ofo} obaa bt B~jem Ig~det ,Bttbj bfm Jbfoxu~/Txedoba Xgpe~t Bd}! 2?5>*5*2?5


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22

4& Tgje gnte~yb}ogft ~e`b~mof` }le to}ub}ogf gn}b ofof` of }leFg~}l*ebt} jb fg} ne gu} gi g~me~ neig~e ~eie~~of` }g }leieemnbdc ~edeoyem i~gj ebdl T}b}e&=& ]le Dgjjo}}ee ieeat }lb} bò}b}ogft tudl bt }lgte ofJbfoxu~ bfm eateple~e b~e je~ea }le tjx}gjt gi b jbabote!plodl `get judl meexe~& ]le ~edu~~of` xlefgjefb gi gfebò}b}ogf bi}e~ bfg}le~ gye~ yb~ogut ottuet bfm }le ibd} }lb}xunaod tef}ojef}t dbf ne ~gutem tg ebtoa bfm i~eruef}a }gufaebtl uf~et}! dgfi~gf}b}ogf bfm yogaefde batg xgof}t }g meex*~gg}em dbutet pl odl b~e gi}ef fg} bmm~ettem& Ufaett }le dg~eottuet b~e }bdcaem! bf ottue g~ fgf*ottue jb dgf}ofue }g }~o`è~bfg}le~ uxtu~è g~ bò}b} ogf&5& ]le x~etef} `~gufm ~ebao}oet feem }g ne yoepem of }ledgf}e|} gi }le èg*xgao}odba! tgdog*edgfgjod bfm e}lfod ibd}g~t bt

ojxbtte&9& Bt g~oòfbaa efbd}e m! }le xgpe~ }g medab~e bf b~eb }g ne b'mot}u~nem b~eb' pbt dgfie~~em gfa uxgf }le T}b}e `gye~fjef}t&N Bd} 0 gi 2?0>! lgpeye~! tudl b xgpe~ pbt dgfie~~emdgfdu~~ef}a uxgf }le Def}~ba `gy e~fj ef}& ]le ~ebtgf ig~dgfie~~of` tudl b xgpe~ uxgf }le Def}~ba `gye~fjef} ot t}b}em of}le 'Gnked}t bfm êbtgft' bxxefmem }g }le Noaa! plodl ~ebmt }lut;.]le B~jem Ig~det ,Bttbj bfm Jbfoxu~/ Txedoba Xgpe~t Bd}!2?5< ejxgpe~t gfa }le @gye~fg~t gi }le T}b}et bfm }leBmjofot}~b}g~t gi }le Ufogf ]e~~o}g~oet }g medab~e b~ebt of }ledgfde~fem T}b}e gi Ufogf ]e ~~o}g~ bt 'mot }u~ ne m'& Ceexof` ofyoep }le mu} gi }le Ufogf ufme~ B~}odae 455 gi }le Dgft}o}u}ogf!of}e~ baob! }g x~g}ed} eye~ T}b}e b`boft} of}e~fba mot}u~nbfde! o} ot


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2>

lbye xgpe~ }g medab~e b~ebt bt 'mot}u~nem'! }g efbnae o}t b~jemig~det }g e|e~dote }le txedoba xgpe~t&.

0& ]le X~ebjnae }g }le Bd}! bt bjefmem! ~ebmt bt igaagpt;.Bf Bd} }g efbnae de~}bof txedoba xgpe~t }g ne dgfie~~em uxgfjejne~t gi }le B~jem Ig~det of mot}u~nem b~ebt of }le T}b}e giB~ufbdlba X~bmetl! Bttbj! Jbfoxu~! Je`lbabb! Jo{g~bj!Fb`babfm bfm ]~oxu~b &.

Tun*ted}ogf ,>/ gi Ted}ogf 2 }le Bd} bxxaoet }le Bd} }g }leT}b}et jef}ogfem of }le x~ebjnae& Ted}ogf > meiofet }lee|x~ettogft 'B~jem Ig~det' of dabute ,b/ bfm 'mot}u~nem b~ebt' ofdabute ,n /& ]le ~ebm bt igaagpt;.,b/ 'B~jem Ig~det' jebft }le joao}b~ ig~de bfm }le bo~ ig~degxe~b}of` bt abfm ig~det bfm ofdaumet bf g}le~ b~jem ig~de gi}le Ufogf tg gxe~b }of`&,]lut }le B~jem Ig~det et}bnaotlem bfm jbof}bofem n }le Ufogfbatg ibaa po}lof }lot meiofo}ogf&/.,n/ 'Mot}u~nem b~eb' jebft bf b~eb plodl ot ig~ }le }oje neof`medab~em n fg}oiodb}ogf ufme~ Ted}ogf 4 }g ne b mot}u~nem b~eb&.

Dabute ,d/ gi Ted}ogf > tbt }lb} baa g}le~ pg~mt bfme|x~ettogft utem of }le Bd} nu} fg} meiofem! nu} meiofem of }le Bo~Ig~de Bd}! 2?58 g~ }le B~j Bd}! 2?58 tlbaa lbye }le jebfof`t~etxed}oyea btto`fem }g }lej of }lgte Bd}t&


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24

gxofogf }lb} }le plgae g~ bf xb~} gi tudl T}b}e g~ Ufogf]e~~o}g~! bt }le dbte jb ne! ot of tudl b mot}u~nem g~ mbf`e~gutdgfmo}ogf }lb} }le ute gi b~jem ig~det of bom gi }le doyoa xgpe~ otfedettb~! }le @gye~fg~ gi }lb} T}b}e g~ }le Bmjofot}~b}g~ gi }lb}Ufogf ]e~~o }g~ g~ }le Def}~ba @gye~fjef}! bt }le dbte jb ne!jb! n fg}oiodb}ogf of }le Giiodoba @b{e}}e! medab~e }le plgae g~tudl xb~} gi tudl T}b}e g~ Ufogf ]e~~o }g~ }g ne b mot}u~nemb~eb.&?& Ufme~ }lot Ted}ogf! o i }le @g ye~fj ef} gi }le T}b}e }g plodl}lot Bd} bxxaoet ot gi }le gxofogf! }lb} plgae g~ bf xb~} gi tudlT}b}e ot of tudl b mot}u~nem g~ mbf`e~gut dgfmo}ogf }lb} }le utegi b~j em ig~det of bom gi doyoa xgpe~ ot fedettb~! o} j b ! n bfg}oiodb}ogf xunaotlem of }le giiodoba `b{e}}e! medab~e }le plgae gi}le T}b}e g~ xb~} gi }le T}b}e }g ne b 'mot}u~ne m b~e b'& Tudl bxgpe~ dbf batg ne e|e~dotem n }le def}~ba `gye~fjef} n yo~}uegi }le 2?0> Bj efmj ef} Bd}& ]lot Ted}ogf! lgpe ye~! mget fg}txedoi odba a tb eo}le~ }lb} }le @gye~fg~ jb! bi}e~ ottuof` bmedab~b} ogf! ~eruet} }le Ufogf `gye~fjef} }g mexu}e }le b~jemig~det fg~ mget o} tb e|x~etta }lb} }le def}~ba `gye~fjef}jb! gf ottubfde gi b fg}oi odb}ogf ufme~ }le Ted}ogf! mexu}eb~jem ig~det }g }le T}b}e }g bd} of bom gi }le doyoa xgpe~&X~gnbna! }lete t}ext pe~e }lgu`l} }g ne ojxaodo} of }le to}ub}ogf&28& Ted}ogf = efuje~b}et }le txedoba xgpe~t gi }le b~jem

ig~det! plodl b~e mexagem of b T}b}e g~ b xb~} gi }le T}b}e }g bd}of bom gi doyoa xgpe~& ]le Ted}ogf ~ebmt bt igaagp t;

. Txedoba xgpe~t gi }le b~jem ig~det& Bf dgjjottogfemgiiode~! pb~~bf} gii ode~! fgf*dgjjottogfem giiode~ g~ bf g}le~xe~tgf gi eruoybaef} ~bfc of }le b~jem ig~det jb! of b mot}u~nem


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2=

,b/ oi le ot gi gxofogf }lb} o} ot fedettb~ tg }g mg ig~ }lejbof}efbfde gi xunaod g~me~! bi}e~ òyof` tudl mue pb~fof` bt lejb dgftome~ fedettb~ io~e uxgf g~ g}le~pote ute ig~de! eyef }g}le dbutof` gi meb}l! b`boft} bf xe~tgf plg ot bd}of` ofdgf}~byef}ogf gi bf abp g~ g~me~ ig~ }le }oje neof` of ig~de of}le mot}u~nem b~eb x~glono} of` }le bttejna gi i oye g~ jg~exe~tgft g~ }le db~~of` gi pebxgft g~ gi }lof`t dbxbnae gi neofùtem bt pebxgft g~ gi i o~eb~jt! bjjufo}ogf g~ e|xagtoyetunt}bfdet3

,n / o i le ot gi gxofogf }lb} o} ot fedettb~ tg }g mg! met}~g bfb~jt mujx! x~exb~em g~ ig~}o i oem xgto} ogf g~ tlea}e~ i~gj plodlb~jem b}}bdct b~e jbme g~ b~e aocea }g ne jbme g~ b~eb}}ejx}em }g ne jbme! g~ bf t}~ud}u~e utem bt }~bofof` dbjx ig~b~jem ygauf}ee~t g~ u}o a otem bt b lomegu} n b~jem `bf`t g~bntdgfme~t pbf}em ig~ bf giiefde3

,d/ b~~et}! po}lgu} pb~~bf}! bf xe~tgf plg lbt dgjjo}}em bdg`fo{bnae giiefde g~ b`boft} plgj b ~ebtgfbnae tutxodogf e|ot}t}lb} le lbt dgjjo}}em g~ ot bngu} }g dgjjo} b dg`fo{bnae giiefdebfm jb ute tudl ig~de bt jb ne fedettb~ }g eiied} }le b~~et}3

,m / ef}e~ bfm teb~dl po}lgu} pb~~bf} bf x~ejotet }g jbcebf tudl b~~et} bt big~etbom g~ }g ~edgye~ bf xe~tgf neaoeyem }gne p~gfìua a ~et}~bofem g~ dgfiofem g~ bf x~gxe~} ~ebtgfbnatutxed}em }g ne t}gaef x~gxe~} g~ bf b~jt! bjjufo} ogf g~e|xagtoye tunt}bfdet neaoeyem }g ne ufabpiuaa cex} of tudlx~ejotet! bfm jb ig~ }lb} xu~xgte ute tudl ig~de bt jb nefedettb~&.22& Ufme~ }lot Ted}ogf! yb~ogut xgpe~t b~e dgfie~~em uxgf bfdgjjottogfem giiode~! pb~~bf} gii ode~! fgf*dgjjottogfem giiode~g~ bf g}le~ xe~tgf gi eruoybaef} ~bfc of }le b~j em ig~det& Gi


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dgu~te! }lete xgpe~t b~e byboabnae gfa of bf b~eb fg}oioem bt'mot}u ~ne m b~e b' ufme~ Ted}ogf 4& ]le xgpe~ dgfie~~em n dabute,b / ! dbf ne ne}}e~ bxx~edob}em! oi o}t ettef}oba of`~emoef}t b~etexb~b}ea te} gu};.,o/ Ple~e }le~e ot of ig~de! of }le mot}u~nem b~eb! b abp g~ bfg~me~ x~glono}of` }le bttejna gi ioye g~ jg~e xe~tgft g~ }ledb~~of` gi pebxgft g~ gi }lof`t dbxbnae gi neof` utem btpebxgft g~ gi i o~e b~jt! bjjufo} ogf g~ e|xagtoye tunt}bfdet3,oo/ bfm b xe~tgf ot bd}of` of dgf}~byef}ogf gi bf tudl abp bfmg~me~!,o o o/ bf giiode~ gi }le b~jem ig~det gi }le bngye fbjem ~bfc!jb! oi le ot gi }le*gxofogf }lb} o} ot fedettb~ tg }g mg ig~ }lejbof}efbfde gi xunaod g~me~! bi}e~ `oyof` tudl mue pb~fof`t btle jb dgftome~ fedettb~! io~e uxgf g~ g}le~pote ute ig~de eyef}g }le dbutof` gi meb}l gi tudl xe~tgf&.

2>& O} ot }lut daeb~ }lb} bddg~mof` }g dabute ,b/ gi Ted}ogf =! }lexgpe~ }g io~e uxgf }le xe~tgft ot fg} uf~e`uab}em g~ bntgau}e&Tudl b xgpe~ dgjet of}g xab gfa ple~e }le of`~emoef}tjef}ogfem ufme~ , o/ bfm , o o/ b~e tb}oti oem bfm iu~}le~jg~e ple~etudl giiode~ gi }le b~jem ig~det ot gi }le gxofogf }lb} o} otfedettb~ }g io~e uxgf tudl xe~tgf,t/ g~ }g g}le~pote ute ig~deb`boft} tudl xe~tgf,t/ ig~ }le xu~xgte gi jbof}bofof` xunaodg~me~& O } `get p o}lg u} tbof` }lb } }le .gxofogf ' j ut} ne ig~je mlgfet}a bfm ibo~ a&24& Dabute ,n/ ot gi dgu~te ofmexef mef} gi dabute ,b /& ]le

~eruo~ejef} gi b abp g~ bf g~me~ x~glono}of` }le bttejna gi ioyeg~ jg~e xe~tgft ~eie~~em }g of dabute ,b/ ot fg} fedettb~ ig~


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29ig~} oi oem xgto} ogf tlea}e~ g~ bf t}~ud}u~e jef}ogfem of }ledabute! oi le ot gi }le gxofogf }lb} .o} ot fedettb~ tg }g mg.&]lgu`l }le dabute e|x~etta mget fg} tb! o} fedettb~oa jebft}lb} tudl b dgu~te g~ bd}ogf ot fedettb~ ig~ eiied}oyeamotdlb~òf` }leo~ mu}oet&

Dabute ,d/ dgfie~t uxgf bf giiode~ gi }le b~jem ig~det }lexgpe~ }g b~~et} bf xe~tgf! po}lgu} pb~~bf}! plg lbt dgjjo}}emg~ plg ot ~ebtgfbna tutxed}em }g lbye dgjjo}}em b dg`fo{bnaegiiefde& Tudl xgpe~ gi b~~et} dbf batg ne e|e~dotem }g x ~ey ef } bxe~tgf plg ot 'bn gu } }g dgj jo} b dg`fo{bnae giiefde'& ]lot xgpe~ot dgj xb~bnae }g }le xgpe~ dgfie~~em uxgf b xgaode gii ode~ ndabute ,b/ gi Ted}ogf =2 gi }le Dgme gi D~ojofba X~gdemu~e& Ig~eiied}of` tudl b~ ~et}! }le giiode~ gi }le b~j em ig~det ot batgejxgpe~em }g ute tudl ig~de bt jb ne fedettb~& ]lot xgpe~!lgpeye~! ot do~dujtd~onem n Ted}ogf 5! plodl tbt }lb} bfxe~tgf b~~et}em bfm }bcef of}g dut}gm ufme~ }lot Bd} tlbaa nejbme gye~ }g }le gii ode~*of*dlb~è gi }le feb~et} xgaode t}b}ogf.po}l }le aebt} xgttonae meab! }gè}le~ po}l b ~exg~} gi }ledo~dujt}bfdet gddbtogfof` }le b~~et}.& ]le pg~mt .p o}l }leaebt} xgttonae meab. of Ted}ogf 5 bxxeb~ }g lbye ~botem b mgun}of }le jofmt gi tgje xe~tgft }lb} }lot jb eyef e|deem >=lgu~t& Pe mg fg} }lofc }le~e ot bf nbtot ig~ tudl b mgun }ofbtjudl bt dabute ,>/ gi B~}odae >> gi }le gi }le Dgft}o}u}ogf giOfmob mget dbt} tudl b mu }& Ofm ee m! }le tbom dabute of }leDgft}o}u}ogf dgfie~t b ~o`l} uxgf }le xe~tgf b~~et}em bfmme}bofem of dut}gm }g ne x~gmudem neig~e }le feb~et} Jbòt}~b}epo}lof b xe~ogm gi >= lgu~t gi tudl b~~et} e|daumof` }le }ojefedettb~ ig~ kgu~fe i~gj }le xabde gi b~~et} }g }le dgu~} giJbòt}~b}e bfm iu~}le~ medab~et }lb} tudl xe~tgf tlbaa fg} ne


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gi b Jb òt}~b}e& ]le dgft}o}u}ogfb a ~o`l} tg dgfie~~em uxgf }lexe~tgf b~~et}em ot byboabnae ple}le~ }le b~~et} ot jbme n bfgiiode~ gi }le b~j em ig~det g~ n }le xgaode& O} ot! }le ~eig~e! daeb~negfm mgun} }lb} b xe~tgf b~~et}em ufme~ dabute ,d/ gi Ted}ogflbt }g ne x~gmudem neig~e b Jbòt}~b}e po}lof >= lgu~t e|daumof`}le }oje }bcef ig~ kgu~fe i~gj }le xabde gi b~~et} }g }le dgu~} giJb òt}~b}e& ]g xu} o} jg~e daeb~a! }le xe~tgf b~~et }em ufme~dabute ,d/ gi Ted}ogf = lbt }g ne x~gmudem neig~e b Jbòt}~b}epo}lof >= lgu~t gi lot b~~et} ,e|daumof` }le }oje }bcef ig~kgu~fe/ bfm o} ot po}lof }lot xe~ogm }lb} }le giiode~ gi }le b~jemig~det plg jbme }le b~~et} tlbaa lbfm gye~ }le xe~tgf }g }lexgaode bfm }le xgaode tlbaa x~gmude }le xe~tgf neig~e }leJb òt}~b}e& Of }lot dgffed}ogf! o } pguam ne bxx~g x~ob}e }g fg}odeB~}odae 44 gi }le Dgft}o}u}ogf gi Ofmob! plodl! bt bjefmem of2?


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2/ giB~}odae >> uxgf }le xe~tgf b~~et}em ple~e le ot b~~et}em n }lejejne~t gi }le B~jem ig~det g~ gi }le Ig~det dlb~èm po}l }lejbof}efbf de gi xunaod g~me~& O} ot! }le ~eig ~e! daeb~ }l b} }le ~o`l}dgfie~~em n dabute ,>/ gi B~}odae >> uxgf b xe~tgf b~~et}em }g nex~gmudem neig~e }le Jbòt}~b}e po}lof >= lgu~t ,e|daumof` }le}oje ig~ kgu~fe/ ~ejboft uf}~bjjeaem bfm ufbiied}em bfm lbt!}le~eig~e! }g ne gneem&25! Dabute ,m/ gi Ted}ogf = gi }le Bd} dgfie~t uxgf }le giiode~

gi }le B~jem Ig~det ,jef}ogfem of }le Ted}ogf/ }le xgpe~ }gef}e~ bfm teb~dl po}lgu} pb~~bf} }g jbce bf b~~et} ufme~ dabute,d/ gi Ted}ogf = g~ }g ~edgye~ xe~tgf p~gfìuaa me}bofem g~ }g~edgye~ bf x~gxe~} tutxed}em }g ne t}gaef x~gxe~} g~ bfb~jt! bj j uf o} ogf ! e}d&! cex} ufabp iuaa& Le ot batg ejxgpe~em}g ute tudl ig~de bt ot fedettb~ ig~ }le tbom xu~xgte&


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29& Ted}ogf 9 dgfie~t b x~g}ed}ogf uxgf }le xe~tgft bd}of`ufme~ }le Bd}& Fg tu o}! x~gtedu}ogf g~ g}le~ ae`ba x~gdeemof` dbfne oft}o}u}em b`boft} tudl xe~tgf .of ~etxed} gi bf}lof` mgfe g~xu~xg~}em }g ne mgfe of e|e~dote gi }le xgpe~t dgfie~~em n }lotBd}.! e|dex} po}l }le x~eyogut tbfd}ogf gi }le def}~ba`gye~fjef}&


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>8D LB X] E^ O O 3

B~}odae 455 gi }le Dgft}o }u} ogf xabdet bf gna o`b}ogf uxgf }leUfogf gi Ofmob }g x~g}ed} eye~ T}b}e .b`boft} e|}e~fba b``~ettogfbfm of}e~fba m ot}u~nbfde bfm }g eftu~e }lb} }le `gye~fjef} gieye~ T}b}e ot db~~ oem gf of bddg~mbfde po}l }le x~gyotogft gi }lotDgft } o }u } ogf& X~og~ }g }le Dgft} o }u } ogf ,==}l Bj ef mj ef }/ Bd} !B~} odae 455 pbt ~eaeybf} ng}l ig~ }le xu~xgte gi B~} odae 45> btpeaa bt B~} odae 459 & Ufme~ B~} odae 45> ,bt o } gn }bof em x~og ~ }g }letbom Bjefmjef} Bd}/ ! . }le X~etomef}! o i tb} oti oem }lb} b `~byeeje~`efd e|ot}t ple~en }le tedu~ o } gi Ofmob g~ bf xb~} gi }le}e~~ o }g~ }le~egi ot }l~eb}efem! ple}le~ n pb~ g~ e|}e~fbab``~ettogf g~ of}e~fba m ot}u~nbfde!. le dguam! n ottuof` bx~g dabj b} og f! jb ce b medab~b} ogf }g }l b} ei ied} & Of tl g~} ! ledguam x~gdaboj eje~`efd bfm bttuje }le xgpe~t jef} ogfem of}le tbom B~} od ae& ]le e|x~ettogft 'e|}e ~fba b`` ~ett ogf' bfm' of }e~fb a m ot }u~nbfde ' pe~e dgjjgf }g ng}l B~ } od ae 455 bfmB~} od ae 45 >& Toj o ab~ a! oi }le @gye ~fj ef } gi b T}b}e pbt fg}db~~ oem gf of bddg~mbfde po }l }le x~gyot ogft gi }le Dgft} o }u} ogf!}le X~etomef} dguam }bce bd}ogf ufme~ B~} odae 459 bfm bttuje }glojtea i }le xgpe~t gi }le `gye~fjef} gi }lb} T}b}e bfm e|e~doteg}l e~ xgpe ~t je f} og fe m of }l b} B~} od ae& Lgpe ye~! n Dgft} o }u } ogf,== } l Bjefmjef}/ Bd} ! }le e|x~ett ogf ' of }e~fb a m ot }u~nbfde ' ofB~} od ae 45> ,2/ pbt tu nt} o }u }em n }le e|x~ettogf 'b ~j em~enea a ogf' & Po}l }l ot }le dgffed} ogf ne}peef B~} od aet 455 bfm 45>`g } tfbx xem xb~} ob a a& Of g}l e~ pg ~mt ! of dbte }l e ted u~o} giOfmob g~ b xb~} }le~egi ot }l~eb}efem n of}e~fba m ot}u~nbfde of bT}b }e! }le xgp e~ ufm e~ B~} od ae 45> jb fg} ne bybo abnae& Eyeftg! }le gna o`b} ogf gi }le Ufogf `gye~fjef} }g x~g}ed} eye~ T}b}ei~gj of}e~fba m ot}u~nbfde ~ejboft3 o } ot fgp bf ofmexefmef}


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gnao`b}ogf }g ne xe~ig~jem of tudl b jbffe~ bt }le Ufogf`gye~fjef} }lofct bxx~gx~ob}e&>& N }le Dgft}o}u}ogf ,=> fm Bjefmjef}/ Bd}! }le Xb~a objef}n~gu`l} of }le iga agpof` x~gyotogftbjefmjef}t! plodl b~e~eaeybf} }g gu~ xu~xgte& B~}odae >50B pbt of}~gmude m x~gy omofìg~ bttot}bfde }g T}b}et n mexagjef} gi b~jem ig~det g~ g}le~ig~det gi }le Ufogf& ]le tbom B~}odae! plodl pbt meae}em n }leDgft}o }u} ogf ,== }l Bj efmj ef}/ Bd}! ~ebm bt iga agp t;

.>50*Bttot}bfde }g T}b}et n mexagjef} gi b~jem ig~det g~g}le~ ig~det gi }le Ufogf& ,2/ ]le @gye~fjef} gi Ofmob jbmexag bf b~jem ig~de gi }le Ufogf g~ bf g}le~ ig~de tunked} }g}le dgf}~ga gi }le Ufogf ig~ mebaof` po}l bf `~bye to}ub}ogf giabp bfm g~me~ of bf T}b}e&

,>/ Bf b~jem ig~de g~ g}le~ ig~de gi bf dgf}ofèf} g~ ufo}}le~egi mexagem ufme~ dabute ,2/ of bf T}b}e tlbaa bd} ofbddg~mbfde po}l tudl mo~ed}ogft bt }le @gye~fjef} gi Ofmob jbottue bfm tlbaa fg}! tbye bt g}le~pote x~gyomem of tudlmo~ed}ogft! ne tunked} }g }le tuxe~of}efmefde g~ dgf}~ga gi }leT}b}e @gye~fjef} g~ bf gii ode~ g~ bu}lg~o} tung~mofb}e }g }leT}b}e @gye~fjef}&

,4/ Xb~a objef} jb! n abp! txedoi }le xgpe~t! iufd}ogft!x~oyoaeèt bfm aobnoa o}oet gi }le jejne~t gi bf ig~de g~ bfdgf}ofèf} g~ ufo} }le~egi mexagem ufme~ dabute ,2/ mu~of` }lexe~ogm gi tudl mexagjef}&.4& Bagf` p o}l B~}odae >50B ! Xb~aobjef} lbm batg of}~gmu demEf}~ >B of }le Ufogf Aot} of }le Teyef}l Tdlemuae }g }leD gf t}o}u}ogf & ]lot ef }~! lgpeye ~! lbt fg} neef meae}em n }leDgft}o }u} ogf ,== }l Bj efm j ef}/ Bd}& O} ~ebmt bt iga agpt ;


22/147

>>.>*B& Mexagjef} gi bf b~jem ig~de gi }le Ufogf g~ bf g}le~ig~de tunked} }g }le dgf}~ga gi }le Ufogf g~ bf dgf}ofèf} g~ ufo}}le~egi of bf T}b}e of bom gi }le doyoa xgpe~! xgpe~t! ku~otmod}ogf!x~oyoaeèt bfm aobnoao}oet gi }le jejne~t gi tudl ig~det ploae gftudl mexagjef}&.

Ef}~ 2 of Aot} OO ,T}b}e Aot}/ ~ebm bt igaagpt neig~e }leDgft}o}u}ogf ,=> f m Bjefmjef}/ Bd};.,2/ 'Xunaod g~me~' ,nu} fg} ofdaumof` }le ute gi fbyba! joao}b~ g~bo~ ig~de g~ bf g}le~ b~jem ig~de gi }le Ufogf of bom gi }le doyoaxgpe~/.&

N }le tbom Bjefmjef}! lgpeye~! }le tbom Ef}~ pbt bjefmem}g ~ebm bt igaagpt;.,2/ 'Xunaod g~me~' ,nu} fg} ofdaumof` }le ute gi bf fbyba! joao}b~g~ bo~ ig~de g~ bf g}le~ b~jem ig~de gi }le Ufogf g~ gi bf g}le~ig~de tunked} }g }le dgf}~ga gi }le Ufogf g~ gi bf dgf}ofèf} g~ufo} }le~egi of bom gi doyoa xgpe~/.&

=& O} jb ne fg}odem }lb} Ef}~ >B of }le Ufogf Aot} mget fg}~eie~ }g g~ ute }le e|x~ettogf 'xun aod g~me~'& Ofm ee m! B~}odae >50Bdgf}ejxab}em @gye~fjef} gi Ofmob mexagof` }le b~jem ig~det gi}le Ufogf ig~ .mebaof` po}l bf `~bye to}ub}ogf! gi abp bfm g~me~of bf T}b}e. * b `~bye efd~gbdljef} of}g }le mgjbof ~ete~yem}g }le T}b}et ufme~ }le Dg ft}o}u}ogf& ,Ufme ~ }le D gft }o}u}ogf!abp bfm g~me~ bt peaa bt xunaod g~me~ b~e ng}l po}lof }lee|dautoye x~gyofde gi }le T}b}et& Eyef ple~e }le b~j em ig~det gi}le Ufogf b~e mexagem of bom gi }le doyoa xgpe~ gi }le T}b}e }gjbof}bof xunaod g~me~ * ple}le~ gf }le nbtot gi b ~eruet} ig~


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>4jbme n }le Ufogf `gye~fjef} bd}of` ufme~ b abp jbme ufme~Ef}~ > B gi }le Ufogf Aot}! }le abp bfm g~me~ bfm xunaod g~me~e} ~ejbof po}l of }le mgj bof gi }le T}b}et&/ Of ibd} B~} odae >50Bmom fg} ute }le pg~mt .of bom gi doyoa xgpe~. }lgu`l }le tbompg~mt pe~e utem of Ef}~ >B plodl pbt tojua}bfegutaof}~gmudem of }le Ufogf Aot}& Gi dgu ~te! }lete pg~mt pe ~e }le~eof Ef}~ 2 gi }le T}b}e Aot} eyef x~og~ }g }le Dgft}o}u}ogf ,=>f mBj efmj ef}/ Bd} bfm }le ~ej bof eyef fgp& Of }lot dgff ed}ogf!gfe jut} neb~ of jofm }le moi ie~efde ne}peef }le dgfdex}t ' abpbfm g~me~'! 'xunaod g~me~'! ' of}e~fba mot}u~nbfde' bfm 'b~jem~eneaaogf' * baa }le e|x~ettogft ejxagem n gu~ Dgft}o}u}ogf! btxgof}em gu} le~eofbngye&5& ]le big~ej ef}ogfem x~gyotogft b~e j ef}ogfem po}l b yoep}g dab~oi de~}bof ottuet ~eaeybf} }g }lot êxg~}& ]le io~t} ru et}ogfot ! ot }le~e b mot}ofd}ogf ne}peef .xunaod g~me~. ,T}b}e Aot}! o}ej2/ bfm .of }e~ fb a mot}u~nbfd e. ~eie~~em }g of B~}odae 4557 Ig~ }lotxu~xgte pe lbye }g e|bjofe }le jebfof` bfm dgf}ef} gi ng}l}le e|x~ettogft& Bt xgof}em gu } n }le Tux~ej e Dgu~} of }ledbte gi ^bj Jbfglb~ Aglob ,2?99 T&D/! .abp bfm g~me~. ot bab~è~ do~dae po}lof plodl xunaod g~me~ dgft}o}u}et b tjbaae~do~dae&,]le dgfdex} gi .tedu~o} gi }le T}b}e. pbt tbom }g ne b e}bfg}le ~ tj baae~ do~dae po}l of xunaod g~me~*'dgfde f}~od do~daet'& ]lotpbt tg leam of }le dgf}e|} gi }le abfùbè of }le }lef x~eyboaof`X~eyef}oye Me}ef}ogf abp/& Ig~ e|bjxae! b tojxae ju~me~ ot b abpbfm g~me~ x~gnaej nu} ple~e b ju~me~ ot dgjjo}}em gfdgjjufba `~gufmt! plodl ot jebf} }g g~ meto`fem }g d~eb}e bieb~ bfm b ieeaof` gi oftedu~o} of gfe g~ jg ~e dgj j ufo} oet! o }nedgjet b 'xun aod g~me ~' ottue& B dgj j ufb a dabtl ot b 'xun aodg~me~' x~gnaej nu} ple~e! tb! }le dgjjufba dabtlet }bce xabdegf b ab~è tdbae! biied}of` bf ef}o~e T}b}e g~ b xb~} gi }le T}b}e!


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>=

xb~ba{of` }le bmjofot}~b}ogf! o } pguam ne b dbte gi .of}e~fbamot}u~nbfd e.& Fgp! dgjof` }g }le jebfof` bfm dgf}ef } gi }lee|x~ettogf .of}e~fba mot}u~nbfde.! o } ot fedettb~ }g }u~f }gDgft}o}uef} Bttejna menb}et! of }le bntefde gi b kumodobax~gfgufdejef}&9& Pe jb io~t } ~eie~ }g }le txeedl gi M~ N&^&Bj nemcb~ of }leDgft}o}uef} Bttejna! e|xabofof` }le x~ofdoxae nelofm B~}odae 455&Le tbom;

.Plef gfde }le Dgft}o}u}ogf jbcet }le x~gyofdet tgye~eo`f bfm òyet}lej xaefb~ xgpe~t }g jbce bf abp ig~ }le xebde! g~me~ bfm `ggm`gye~fjef} gi }le x~gyofde! ~ebaa txebcof`! }le of}e~yef}ogf gi }le Def}~e g~bf g}le~ bu}lg~o} jut} ne meejem }g ne nb~~em! nedbute }lb} pguam ne bfofybtogf gi }le tgye~eo`f bu}lg ~o} gi }le x~gyofde& ]lb } ot b iufmb je f}bax~gxgto}ogf plodl pe jut} bddex} n ~ebtgf gi }le ibd} }lb} pe lbye b Ieme~baDgft}o}u}ogf& ]lb} neof` tg! oi }le Def}~e ot }g of}e~ie~e of }le bmjofot}~b}ogf gix~gyofdoba biibo~t! o} jut} ne n bfm ufme~ tgje gnao`b}ogf! plodl }leDg ft}o}u }ogf ojxgtet uxgf }le Def}~e& S]l eZ b~}odae & &&&tbt }l b} o} tlbaa ne }lemu } gi }le Ufogf }g x~g}e d} eye~ uf o} Toj oab~ dabutet bxxeb~ of }leBje~odbf Dgf t}o}u}ogf& ]le batg gddu~ of }le But}~baobf Dgf t}o}u}ogf ple~e}le Dgft}o}u}ogf! of e|x~ett }e~jt! x~gyomet }lb} o} tlbaa ne }le mu} gi }leDef}~ba @gye~fjef} }g x~g}ed} }le ufo}t g~ }le T}b}et i~gj e|}e~fbab``~ettogf g~ of}e~fba dgjjg}ogf& B"" }lb} pe x~gxgte }g mg ot }g bmm gfejg~e dabute }g }le x~ofdoxae efufdob}em of }le Bje~odbf bfm But}~baobfDgft}o}u}ogft! fbjea! }lb} o} tlbaa ne }le mu} gi }le Ufogf }g jbof}bof }leDg ft}o}u}ogf of }le x~gyofdet bt efbd}em n }lot abp &. ,D&B &M&Yga&O\& X& 244/

0& ]le x~gyotogft gi }le Bj e~odbf bfm But }~ba obfDgft}o}u}ogft! plodl M~& Bjnemcb~ ~eie~~em }g! jb batg ne te}gu} ig~ b daeb~ ufme~t}bfmof` gi }le jebfof` gi }le e|x~ettogf'of}e~ fb a mot}u~nbf de'& B~}odae Y O ,=/ gi }le UT Dg ft}o}u}ogf tbt.}le Ufo}em T}b}et tlbaa ùb~bf}ee }g eye~ T}b}e of }le Ufogf b~exunaodbf ig~j gi `gye~fjef} bfm tlbaa x~g}ed} ebdl gi }lejb`boft} ofybtogf bfm gf bxxaodb}ogf gi }le Aeòtab}u~e g~ gi }leE|edu}oye plef }le Aeòtab}u~e dbffg} ne dgfyefem! b`boft}mgj et}od yogaefde.& Toj oab~a! Ted}ogf 22? gi }le But}~ba obfDgft}o}u}ogf Bd} tbt! .}le Dgjjgfpeba}l tlbaa x~g}ed} eye~T}b}e b`boft} mgjet }od yogaefde.& O} pguam ne teef }l b} n g}l }le


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>5

'mgjet}od yogaefde'! }lgu`l ufme~ }le UT Dgft}o}u}ogf! }leieme~ba `gye~fjef} t}ext of }le dbte gi mgjet}od yogaefde gfa b}}le ~eruet} gi }le T}b}e g~ Ae`otab}u~e gi }le T}b}e dgfde~fem& Btb`boft} }lete x~gyotogft! B~}odae 455 ejxgpe~t }le Ufogf }g bd}gf o}t gpf o&e&! po}lgu} b ~eruet} i~gj }le T}b}e @gye~fjef}! }gx~g}ed } }le T}b}e i~gj of}e~fba mot}u~nbfde & Pe jb ~eie~ of}lot dgffed}ogf }g }le txeedl gi T~o Baabmo C~otlfbtp bjo Bb~ of}le Dgft}o}uef} Bttejna bt peaa & Txebcof` uxgf }lot B~}odae! T~oBaabmo tbom; .]le~eig~e! o } ot }le mu} gi }le Ufogf @gye~fjef} }gx~g}ed} T}b}et b`boft} e|}e~fba b``~ettogf! of}e~fba mot}u~nbfdebfm mgjet}od dlbgt bfm }g tee }lb} }le Dgft}o}u}ogf ot pg~cem ofb x~gxe~ jbffe~ ng}l of }le T}b}et bfm of }le Ufogf. ,D&B&M&Yga&O\&X&258/& O} pguam }le~eig~e ne ae`o} ojb}e ig~ ut }g ofie~ }lb}}le e|x~ettogf ' of}e~fba mot}u~nbfde' jebft ' of}e~fba dgjjg}ogf',}le e|x~ettogf utem n M~ Bjnemcb~ of }le bngye txeedl/'mgjet}od yogaefde' ,e|x~ettogf utem of ng}l }le Bje~odbf bfmBut}~ba obf Dgft}o}u}ogft/ bfm 'mgjet}od dlbgt' ,}le e|x~ettogfutem n T~o Baabmo C~otlfbtpbjo Bb~ of }le Dgft}o}uef}Bttejna mu~of` }le menb}e gf }le tbom B~}odae&


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>9e|x~ettoye gi }le aeyea gi mot}u~nbfde! dlbgt bfm dgjjg}ogf o}dgf}ej xab}et& O} jut} ne ~eje jne~em }lb } x~og~ }g }le == }lBjefmjef}! ' of}e~fba mot}u~nbfde' pbt gfe gi }le `~gufmt gfplodl }le X~etomef} dguam x~gdaboj eje~èfd ufme~ B~}&45>&]lot dgftome~b}ogf batg ofmudet }g lgam }lb} .of}e~fba mot}u~nbfde.dgffg}et mot}u~nbfdet gf b ab~è! gf b tut}bofem bfm te~ogutaeyea bfm ot mot}ofd} bfm moiie~ef} i~gj ottuet gi xunaod g~me~plodl b~ote i~gj }oje }g } oje of gfe g~ }le g}le~ xabde! yo a abè!}gp f g~ do} gi b T}b }e& Of }le ab }}e~ }xe gi dbtet! o} ot ig~ }leT}b}e @g ye~fj ef} }g }bdcae o} & O } ot ig~ }le T}b}e @g ye~f j ef} }gmedome! of b òyef dbte! ple}le~ o} ~eruo~et }le leax gi b~jemig~detxb~b*joa o}b~ ig~det gi }le *Ufogf }g leax }bdcae o} & Ofmeem!oi o} ot gi b xu~ea agdba aeyea! }le E|edu}oye Jbòt}~b}e ,gi }lelo`let} ~bfc/ dbf meba po}l o} ufme~ Ted}ogf 248 gi }le Dgme giD~ojofba X~gdemu~e&?& ]le bngye mot}ofd}ogf ne}peef }le .xun aod g~m e~. of ef }~ 2gi Aot} OO gi }le Teyef}l Tdlemuae }g }le Dgft}o}u}ogf bfm.of}e ~fb a mot}u ~nb fde. ~eie~~em }g of B~} odae 455 lbt }g ne cex} ofjofm bfm gnte~yem! of }le of}e~et} gi x~ete~yof` }le ieme~badlb~bd}e~ gi gu~ Dgft}o}u}ogf bfm }g eftu~e }lb} }le i oeam~ete~yem }g }le T}b}et ufme~ gu~ Dgft}o}u}ogf ot fg} }~efdlemuxgf n }le Def }~e& B~} odae >50*B pbt b te~ogut! bfm bfufneaoeybnae efd~gbdljef} uxgf }le xgpe~t gi }le T}b}e ,M~&Bjnemcb~ ~eie~~em }g }lej bt }le tgye~eo`f bfm xaefb~ xgpe~tgi }le T}b}et/ bfm o} ot `ggm }lb} o} pbt ~exebaem tggf efgu`l&

28& Of }lot dgffed}ogf! o} ot ~eaeybf} }g xgof} gu} }lb} ef}~ >B of }le Ufogf Aot}txebct gi mexagjef} gi }le b~jem ig~det gi }le Ufogf of bf T}b}e of bom gidoyoa xgpe~ nu} o} mget fg} txebc gi g~ ~eie~ }g .xunaod g~me~.& O} gfaejxgpe~t }le Ufogf }g jbce b abp x~gyomof` ig~ tudl mexagjef} bfm }leo~xgp e~t bfm x~gdemu~et& O} mget fg} bfm dbffg} }~efdl uxgf }le xgpe~ bfm


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>0ef}~ 2 of }le T}b}e A ot} ~ebmt; . 2 & Xunaod G ~me~ ,nu} fg} ofdaumof` }le ute gi}le b~j! fbyb a! joao}b~ g~ bo~ ig~de of bom gi doyoa xgpe~/. & O} jebft}lb} }le T}b}e dbffg} jbce b abp po}l ~etxed} }g }le mexagjef} gi }le b~jemig~det! ploae o} dbf ae`otab}e po}l ~etxed} }g xunaod g~me~& ]le T}b}e dbf! fgmgun}! ~eruet} }le Def}~ba @gye~fjef} }g tefm o}t b~jem ig~det ig~ jbof}bofof`xunaod g~me~ nu} o} dbffg} o}teai mo~ed} tudl mexagjef}&


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>88=/ * B Dg`fb}e Ae`otab}ogf&


29/147

>?

]le UAX Bd} pbt efbd}em n }le Xb~aobjef} of 2?90 }gdgfie~ xgpe~t uxgf }le T}b}e bu}lg~o} oet }g meba po}l bd}oyo} oetmo~ed}em b`boft} }le of}e` ~o} bfm tgye~eo`f} gi Ofm ob& ]le Bd}meiofem 'ufab p iua bd}oy o}' of dabute ,g/ gi Ted}ogf >& Of tlg ~}! o}jebf} bf bd}ogf }bcef n bf ofmoyomuba g~ bf bttgdob}ogf! ofplb}eye~ jbffe~! . of}efmem! g~ tuxxg~}t bf daboj! }g n~of`bngu}! gf bf `~gufm plb}tgeye~.! }le dettogf gi b xb~} gi }le}e~~o}g~ gi Ofmob g~ dettogf gi b xb~} gi }e~~o}g~ gi Ofmob i~gj }leUfogf g~ plodl motdabojt! mot~ux}t g~ ot of}efmem }g mot~ux} }letgye~eo`f} bfm }e~~o}g~oba of}e`~o} gi Ofmob g~ plodl dbutet g~ otof}efmem }g dbute motbiied}ogf b`boft} Ofm ob& ]le e|x~ettogf'ufabpiua g~`bfotb}ogf ot meiofem of dabute ,x/ }g jebf }lb} bfbttgdob}ogf plodl lbt }le gnked}oye gi db~~of` gf bf ufabpiuabd}oyo} g~ bf bd}oyo} xufotlbnae ufme~ Ted}ogf 254B g~ 254N gi}le Ofmobf Xefba Dgme g~ plodl efdgu~b`et g~ bomt bf xe~tgf }gufm e~}bce tudl bd }oyo} & ]le Bd} x~gyomem ig~ medab~of` bfbttgdob}ogf bt ufabpiua bttgdob}ogf ple~euxgf de~}bofdgfteruefdet x~gyomem of Ted}ogft 28 }g 2= of Dlbx}e~ OOOig a agpem& ]le medab~b}ogf bt bf ufabpiua bttgdob}ogf tlbaa!lgpeye~! ne tunked} }g td~u}of n b }~onufba dgft}o}u}em ufme~Ted}ogf 5 plgte medotogf pbt nofmof` uxgf }le `gy e~f j ef }& ]le`gye~fjef} pbt batg ejxgpe~em }g x~glono} }le ute gi iufmt gibf ufabpiua bttgdob}ogf bfm batg }g fg}oi xabdet ple~e tudlbd}oyo} oet }bce xabde&>& Of }le eb~ >88=! }le Xb~aobjef} ~exebaem }le X~eyef}ogf gi]e~~g~ot} Bd}oyo} oet Bd} bfm tojua}bfeguta of}~gmudem de~}bofx~gyotogft dlbx}e~t of}g UAX Bd} }g du~n }e~~ g~ot } bd }oyo} oet& Btdlemuae ot batg bmmem dgf}bofof` b aot} gi '}e~~g~ot}


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48]e~~g~ot} bd}' db~~oet }le jebfof` btto`fem }g o} of Ted}ogf 25!plodl ot of}~gmudem of }le eb~ >88= n pb gi Dlbx}e~ OY&Ted}ogf 25! plodl meiofet b '}e~~g~ot} bd}'! ~ebmt bt iga agpt;

.25 & ]e~~g~ ot} bd} * Plgeye~! po}l of}ef} }g }l~eb}ef }leufo}! of}e`~o}! tedu~o} g~ tgye~eo`f} gi Ofmob g~ }g t}~oce }e~~g~of }le xegxae g~ bf ted}ogf gi }le xegxae of Ofmob g~ of bfig~eo`f dguf}~! mget bf bd} n utof` ngjnt! mfbjo}e g~ g}le~e|xagtoye tunt}bfdet g~ ofiabjjbnae tunt}bfdet g~ io~eb~jt g~g}le~ ae}lba pebxgft g~ xgotgft g~ fg|ogut `btet g~ g}le~dlejodbat g~ n bf g}le~ tunt}bfdet ,ple}le~ nogagòdba g~g}le~pote/ gi b lb{b~mgut fb}u~e! of tudl b jbffe~ bt }g dbute!g~ aocea }g dbute! meb}l gi! g~ ofku~oet }g bf xe~tgf g~ xe~tgftg~ agtt gi! g~ mbjbè }g! g~ met}~ud}ogf gi! x~gxe~} g~ mot~ux}ogfgi bf tuxxaoet g~ te~yodet ettef}oba }g }le a o ie gi }le dgjjufo}of Ofmob g~ of bf ig~eo`f dguf}~ g~ dbutet mbjbè g~met}~ud}ogf gi bf x~gxe~} g~ eruoxjef} utem g~ of}efmem }g neutem ig~ }le meiefde gi Ofmob g~ of dgffed}ogf po}l bf g}le~xu~xgtet gi }le @gye~fjef} gi Ofmob! bf T}b}e @gye~fjef} g~bf gi }leo~ bèfdoet! g~ me}boft bf xe~tgf bfm }l~eb}eft }g co a ag~ ofku~e tudl xe~tgf of g~me~ }g dgjxea }le @gye~fjef} of Ofmobg~ }le @gye~fjef} gi b ig~eo`f dguf}~ g~ bf g}le~ xe~tgf }g mgg~ bnt}bof i~gj mgof` bf bd}! dgjjo}t b }e~~g~ot} bd}&.4& Plef bfb atem ! }le ted}ogf oeamt }le iga agpof` of`~e moef }t;, o / plgeye~! po}l of}ef} }g }l~eb}ef }le ufo}! of}e`~o }! tedu~o }g~ tgye ~eo`f } gi Ofm ob gW~ }g t} ~oce }e ~~g ~ of }le xegxae g~ bfted}ogf gi }le xegxae of Ofmob g~ of bf ig~eo`f dguf}~! ,o o/ mgetbf bW} n utof` ngj nt bfm g}le ~ e|xagtoyet ofiabj j bn aetunt}bfdet! io~e b~jt! e}d&! , o o o/ of tudl b jbffe~ bt }g dbute g~


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42bf tuxxaoet g~ te~yodet ettef}oba }g }le aoie gi }le dgjjufo} giOfmob g~ of bf ig~eo`f dguf}~ g~ dbutet mbjb`e g~ met}~ud}ogfgi }le x~gxe~} g~ eruoxjef} utem g~ of}efmem }g ne utem ig~ }lemeiefde gi Ofmob g~ of dgffed}ogf po}l bf g}le~ xu~xgtet gi }le@gye~fjef} gi Ofmob! bf T}b}e @gye~fjef} g~ bf gi }leo~b`efdoet g~ me}boft bf xe~tgf,t/ bfm }l~eb}eft }g coa a g~ ofku~etudl xe~tgf of g~me~ }g dgjxea }le @gye~fjef} gi Ofmob g~ }le@gye~fjef} gi b ig~eo`f dguf}~ g~ bf g}le~ xe~tgf }g mg g~bnt}bof i~gj mgof` bf bd}! ,oy/ dgj j o}t b }e~~g~ ot} bd}& Of tlg~}!}le io~t} xg~}ogf mebat po}l }le of}ef}! }le tedgfm xg~}ogf mebatpo}l }le bd} bfm }le }lo~m of`~emoef} mebat po}l }le eiied} g~ a oceaeiied}& Oi baa }lete }l~ee of`~emoef}t je f}ogfem ufme~ ,o/ }g ,o o o/b~e tb}otioem ! o} bj guf }t }g b '}e~~g~ot } bd}'& Ted}ogf 29 x~gyometxufotljef} ig~ }e~~g~ot} bd} ploae Ted}ogf 20 x~gyometxufotljef} ig~ ~botof` iufmt ig~ }le xu~xgte gi dgjjo}}of` b}e~ ~g~ ot} bd}& B dgftxo~bd }gpb ~mt }le tbje gnked }oye otxufotlbnae ufme~ Ted}ogf 28 x~gyomet xuf otlj ef} ig~ neof` bj ej ne~ gi b }e~~g ~ot} `bf` g~ }e~~g~ot} g~`bfotb }ogf& Ted}ogf > 2xufotlet bf xe~tgf lgamof` x~gdeemt gi }e~~g~otj ploae Ted}ogf>> x~gyomet xuf otlj ef } ig~ }l~eb }efof` }le po}fettet & Ted}ogf>4 x~gyomet ig~ eflbfdem xefba}oet of de~}bof to}ub}ogftjef} ogfem }le~eof&=& Dlbx}e~ Y dgjjefdof` po}l Ted}ogf >= x~gyomet ig~

ig~ie o}u~e gi x~gdeemt gi }e~~ g~ot j & Ted}ogf >5 txedoioet }lexgpe~t gi }le ofyet}o`b}of` giiode~ bfm meto`fb}em bu}lg~o} bfmbatg x~gyomet ig~ bf bxxeba b`boft} bf g~me~ gi }le meto`fb}embu }lg~ o}& Ted}ogf >9 ejxgpe~t }le Dgu~} batg }g ig~ieo} }le


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4>>0 x~etd~onet }le x~gdemu~e }g ne igaagpem neig~e ig~ieo} of` }lex~gdeemt gi }e~~g~otj ploae Ted}ogf >< x~gyomet bf bxxebab`b oft} bf g~me~ j bme ufme~ Ted}ogf >9& Ted}ogft >? }g 4= b~ejbdlofe~ x~gyotogft! plodl feem fg} ne me}boaem le~eof&5& Dlbx}e~ Y O pl odl lbt batg neef of}~gmudem n }le >88=Bj efm je f} Bd} mebat po}l }e~~g~ot} bttgdob} ogft& ]le Def}~ba@gye~fjef} ot ejxgpe~em! n bf g~me~ xunaotlem of le giiodoba`b{e}}e }g bmm bf g~`bfotb}ogf }g }le tdlemuae g~ }g ~ejgye bfg~`bfotb}ogf }le~ei~gj bfmg~ }g bjefm }le tdlemuae of tudlg}le~ jbffe~ bt o } jb }lofc bxx~gx~ob}e ,T 4 5 ,a // & Tun*ted} ogf,4/ gi Ted}ogf 45 tbt }lb} bf g~`bfotb}ogf tlbaa ne meejem }g ne&ofygayem of }e~~g~otj oi o} dgjjo}t g~ xb~}odoxb}et of bd}t gi}e~~g~otj g~ x~exb~et ig~ }e~~g~otj g~ x~gjg}et g~ efdgu~bèt}e~~g ~otj g~ ot g}le~pote ofygayem of }e~~g ~otj & Ted}ogf 49x~gyomet ig~ mef g}oi odb}ogf gi b }e~~g~ot } g~`b fotb }ogf& ]lotted}ogf x~gyomet ig~ bf bxxaodb}ogf neof` jbme ig~ ~ejgyof` bfg~`bfotb}ogf i~gj }le tdlemuae }g }le Bd} bfm }le x~gdemu~e }gne igaagp em }le ~egf & Ted}ogf 40 gnao`b}et }le Def }~ba@gye~fjef} }g dgft}o}u}e gfe g~ jg~e ~eyoep dgjjo}}eet ig~ }lexu~xgtet gi Ted}ogf 49 & Ted}ogf 4< jbcet }le j ej ne~tl ox gi b}e~~g~ot} g~`bfotb}ogf b xufotlbnae giiefde ploae Ted}ogf 4?xufotlet b xe~tgf òyof` bf cofm gi tuxxg~} }g b }e~~g~ot}g~`b fotb}ogf & Ted}ogf =8 jbcet }le ~botof` gi iufmt ig~ }e ~~g ~ot}g~`bfotb}ogf b xufotlbnae giiefde&9& Dlbx }e~ Y OO dgf}boft jotdeaabfegut x~gyotogft& Ted}ogf = 2tbt }lb} bf g~`bfotb}ogf tlbaa fg} ne meejem }g lbye debtem }ge|ot} n ~ebtgf gfa gi bf ig~jba bd} gi mottgau}ogf g~ dlbfè gifbje nu} tlbaa ne meejem }g dgf}ofue tg agf` bt bf bd}uba


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44gi fbje g~ n je~e ig~jba bd} gi mottgau}ogf! b }e~~g~ot}g~`bfotb}ogf mget fg} debte }g e|ot}! tg agf` bt o}t jejne~tlbye }le tbje gnked}oyet bfm xu~xgtet& Ted}ogf => ejxgp e~t}le Def}~ba @gye~fjef} }g meae`b}e o}t xgpe~t ufme~ de~}boftxedoiod ted}ogft uxgf T}b}e @g ye~fjef}t& Ted}ogf =4 mebat po}l}le xgpe~t gi ofyet}o`b }of` giiode~t ufme~ }le Bd}& Ted}ogf ==mebat p o}l x ~g}ed}ogf gi po}fettet& Ted}ogf =5 tbt }l b} fg Dgu~}tlbaa }bce dg`fo{bfde gi bf giiefde ufme~ Dlbx}e~t = bfm 9po}lgu} }le x~eyogut tbfd}ogf gi }le Def}~ba @gye~fjef} g~ }leT}b}e @g ye~fj ef} bt }le dbte jb ne& Ted}ogf =9 jbcet }leeyomefde dgaaed}em }l~gu`l of}e~dex}ogf gi dgjjufodb}ogftbmj ottonae& Ted}ogf =0 nb ~t }l e ku~otmod}ogf gi bf doyoa dgu ~} g~g}le~ bu}lg~o} }g ruet}ogf bf x~gdeemof`t }bcef g~ g~me~txbttem ufme ~ }le Bd }& Ted}ogf =< òyet bf gye ~~omof` eiied} }g}le Bd} bfm }le ~uaet jbme }le~eufme~ gye~ g}le~ efbd}jef}t&0& Ted}ogf =? ot ~eaeyb f} bfm feemt txedoiod bfm b me}boaemjef} ogf& O} x~gyomet x~g}ed}ogf gi bd}ogf }bcef ufme~ }le Bd} of`ggm ibo }l& O} ~ebmt bt igaagpt;. = ? & X~g}ed}ogf gi bd}ogf }bcef of `ggm ibo}l * Fg tu o}!x~gtedu}ogf g~ g}le~ ae`ba x~gdeemof`t tlbaa aoe b`boft} *,b/ }le Def}~ba @gye~fjef} g~ b T}b}e @gye~fjef} g~ bfgiiode~ g~ bu}lg~o} gi }le Def}~ba @gye~fjef} g~ T}b}e

@gye~fjef} g~ Mot}~od} Jbòt}~b}e g~ bf gii ode~ bu}lg~o{em of}lot nelbai n }le @gye~fjef} g~ }le Mot}~od} Jbòt}~b}e g~ bfg}le~ bu}lg~o} gf plgj xgpe~t lbye neef dgfie~~em ufme~ }lotBd}! ig~ bf}lof` plodl ot of `ggm ibo}l mgfe g~ xu~xg~}em }g nemgfe of xu~tubfde gi }lot Bd} g~ bf ~uae g~ g~me~ jbme}le~eufme~3 bfm,n/ bf te~yof` g~ ~e}o~em je jne~ gi }le b~j em ig~det g~ xb~b*


34/147

4=}bcef n loj of `ggm ib o }l ! of }le dgu~te gi bf gxe~b}ogfmo~ed}em }gpb~mt dgjnb}of` }e~~g~otj&


35/147

45}le Tdlemuae3 o} jebft bf bfm eye~ bd}oyo} gi }le cofmjef}ogfem of Ted}ogf 25 db~~oem gf n bf xe~tgf! g~`bfotb}ogfg~ `bf` & ]lot ted}ogf ofmodb}et }lb } }le Xb~aobjef } mom }bce fg}egi }le ibd} }lb} of jbf dbtet o} jb ne fedettb~ }g ejxag }leb~jem ig~det g~ xb~b joao}b~ ig~det }g dgjnb} }e~~g~otj bfm}e~~g~ot} bd}oyo} oet& Ofmeem! }le Xb~aobjef} jut} lbye }bcef fg}egi }le ibd} }lb} b~jem ig~det bfm xb~b*joao}b~ ig~det pe~eba~ebm ef`bèm of tudl gxe~b}ogft b`boft} }le g~`bfotb}ogftaot}em of }le Tdlemuae bfm g}le~t ef`bòf` of tojoab~ bd}oyo} oet& B}}le tbje }oje! o} jut} ne fg}em ! }le x~g}ed}ogf e|}efmem nTed}ogf =? ot fg} ufd gfmo}ogfb a& Ng}l }le dabutet of ,b/ bfm ,n/rubaoi bfm ~et}~od} }le x~g}ed}ogf gfa }g bd}t mgfe of `ggm ib o }l&]le e|x~ettogf .`ggm ib o }l. ot ofmeem utem of }le lebmof` gi }leted} ogf! plodl do~dujt}bfde batg `get }g ejxlbtote }le fb}u~ebfm e|}ef} gi x~g}ed}ogf x~gyomem&?& Ted}ogf 58 ot of }le fb}u ~e gi tbyof` dabute! pl odl tbt}lb} fg}lof` of }lot Bd} tlbaa biied} }le ku~otmod}ogf e|e~dotbnae n!g~ }le x~gdemu~e bxxaodbnae }g! bf Dgu~} g~ g}le~ bu}lg~o}ufme~ bf abp ~eab}of` }g }le fby! b~j g~ bo~ ig~de g~ g}le~b~j em ig~det gi }le Ufogf& Ted}ogf 52 x~gyomet ig~ ojx gufm of`gi xbttxg~} bfm b~j aodefde gi xe~tgft x~gdeemem ufme~ }le Bd}&Ted}ogf 5> dgfie~t }le ~uae jbcof` xgpe~ uxgf }le Def}~ba@g ye~fj ef}& Ted}ogf 54 x~gyomet ig~ g~me~t bfm ~uaet jbmeufme~ }le Bd} }g ne abom neig~e ng}l Lgutet gi Xb~aobjef}&28& ]le tdlemuae! plodl ot ~eie~bnae }g Ted}ogf > ,2/ ,j/ bfmTed}ogf 45 gi }le Bd }! òyet b a ot} gi .}e ~~g ~ot } g~`b fo{b }ogft.& Pejb fg}ode tgje gi }lej! plodl b~e ~eaeybf} ig~ }le xu~xgtet gi}lot Dg j j o}}ee& Te~oba Fgt&2> bfm 24 txebc gi Ufo}em Aone~b}ogf


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49

Fgt&2=! 25 ! 29 ! 20 bfm 2< jef}ogf }le g~`bfotb}ogft gxe~b}ofòf Jbfoxu~& ]le b~e Xegxaet Aone~b}ogf B~j ,XAB/! Ufo}emFb}ogfba Aone~b}ogf I~gf} ,UFAI/! Xegxaet êygau}ogfb~ Xb~} giCbfàeoxbc ,XÊXBC/! Cbfàeoxbc Dgjjufot} Xb~} ,CDX/!Cbfàeo _bga Cbfnb Aux ,C_CA/ bfm Jbfoxu~ Xegxaet Aone~b}ogfI~gf} ,JXAI/ ~etx ed}oyea & O}ej t 2? bfm >8 ~eie~ }g Baa ]~oxu~b]oè~ Ig~de bfm Fb}ogfba Aone~b}ogf I~gf} gi ]~oxu~b ~etxed}oyea&Ba a gi }lej b~e meto`fb}em bt .}e~~g~ot} g~`bfotb} ogft. po}lof }lejebf of` gi Ted} ogf > , a/ , j / bfm Ted}ogf 45 gi }lot Bd}& ,Ig~ }lex~etef} xu~xgtet o} jb fg} ne fedettb~ }g jef}ogf }leg~`bfotb}ogf jef}ogfem ufme~ te~oba Fgt&a }g 28 bfm >2 }g 4>&/22& ]le txedoi od abfùbè of plodl .}e~~g~ot} bd}. ot meiofem bfm}le }e~~g~ot} bd}oyo} ot tgu`l} }g ne igu`l} bfm du~nem n ute gib~jem ig~det bfm xb~b*joa o}b~ ig~det batg! ple~eye~ fedettb~!dguxaem po}l }le ibd} }lb} teye~ba g~`bfotb}ogft of }le T}b}et giBttbj! Jbfoxu~ bfm ]~oxu~b b~e e|x~etta a ot}em bt .}e~~g~ot}g~`bfo{b}ogft.! ofmudet ut }g dbaa }le UAX Bd} b dg`fb}eefbd}jef} &


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40

DLBX]E^*OY

G}le~ T}b}u}g~ X~gyotogft x~gyomof` ig~ bttot}bfde }gB~jem Ig~det&

Dlbx}e~ 28 gi }le D~ojofba X~gdemu~e Dgme mebat po}l'jb of}efbf de gi xunaod g~me~ bfm }~b fr uoa o} '& Xb~} B gi }leDlbx}e~ mebat p o}l 'ufabp iua bttej naoet'& Ted}ogf 2>? ej xgp e~t}le E|edu}oye Jbòt}~b}e g~ }le giiode~*of*dlb~è gi b xgaodet}b}ogf bfm bf giiode~ fg} neagp }le ~bfc gi b Tun Oftxed}g~ }gdgj j bfm bf ufabpiua bttejna }g motxe~te bfm o i tudl ufabpiuabttejna mget fg} tg motxe~te! le jb ute tudl ig~de bt jb nefedettb~ ig~ motxe~tof` o}& ]le fbjem bu}l g~o}oet b~e batgejxgpe~em }g b~~et} bfm dgfiofe xe~tgft of g~me~ }g motxe~tetudl ufabpiua bttejna&> & Ted}ogf 248 x~gyomet ig~ ute gi b~jem ig~det }g motxe~teufabpiua bttejnaoet! ploae Ted}ogf 242 te}t gu} }le xgpe~t gibfm }le x~gdemu~e }g ne igaagpem n }le b~jem ig~det' ploaemotxe~tof` ufabp iua bttejnaoet& Ted}ogf 248 bfm 242 ~ebm btiga agpt;

.Ted}ogf 248& Xgpe~ gi de~}bof b~jem ig~de giiode~t }g motxe~tebttejna&,2/ Oi bf tudl bttejna dbffg } ne g}le~p ote motxe~tem!bfm oi o} ot fedettb~ ig~ }le xunaod tedu~o} }lb} o} tlguam nemotxe~tem! }le E|edu}oye Jbòt}~b}e gi }le lo`let} ~bfc plg otx~etef} jb dbute o} }g ne motxe~tem n }le b~jem ig~det&,>/ Tudl Jbòt}~b}e jb ~eruo~e bf giiode~ of dgj jbfm gibf `~gux gi xe~tgft neagfòf` }g }le b~jem ig~det }g motxe~te


38/147

4/ eaudomb}et }le xgpe~ ufme~ tun*ted}ogf ,2/3 o }


39/147

4?

x~gyomet }lb} tudl Jbòt}~b}e jb ~eruo~e bf giiode~ ofdgjjbfm gi b~jem ig~det }g motxe~te tudl ufabpiua bttejnapo}l }le leax gi }le ig~det ufme~ lot dgjjbfm! bfm }g b~~et} bfmdgfiofe tudl xe~tgft bt le jb mo~ed} g~ bt jb ne fedettb~ig~ }le xu~xgte gi tudl motxe~tba& Tun ted}ogf ,4/ medab~et }l b}bf gii ode~ gi }le b~jem ig~det! plgte te~yodet b~e ~eruoto} ogfemn }le Jbòt}~b}e! tlbaa gne tudl ~eruoto} ogf nu} }le jbffe~ ofplodl le db~~oet gu} }le }btc òyef }g loj! ot aei} }g loj! po}l }le~ome~ }lb} ploae motxe~tof` }le ufabpiua bttejna! le tlbaa ute bta o }} ae ig~de bt }le do~dujt}bfdet pb~~bf} bfm dbute bt a o } } ae ofku~}g xe~tgf g~ x~gxe~} bt xgttonae dgftot}ef} po}l }ledo~duj t}bfdet gi }le to}ub }ogf & ]le tbje ~ome~ bxxaoet eyefploae b~~et}of` g~ me}bofof` }le jejne~t gi }le ufabpiuabttejna&5& Ted}ogf 248 ! of gu~ gx ofogf ! daeb~a abt mgp f bfm biio~jt}le tux~ejbd gi }le doyo a xgpe~ of }le jb}}e~ gi jbof}efbfde gixunaod g~m e~3 o } ~eruo~et }le giiode~t gi }le b~je m ig~det ! plgteleax ot ~eruoto} ogfem n }le Jbòt}~b}e }g gne tudl ~eruoto} ogf3gi dgu~te! }le jbffe~ of plodl le tlguam mg }le }btc ef}~ut}em}g loj ot aei} }g loj 3 eyef }le ~e! }le~e ot }le ~er uo~ej ef} giutof` bt ao}}ae ig~de bt xgttonae bfm dbute bt ao}}ae ofku~ }g xe~tgfg~ x~g xe~} bt xgttonae! of }le do~dujt}bfdet gi }le dbte& ]leteieb}u~et gi }lot ted}ogf! of gu~ dgftome~em gxofogf! b~e lo`lapeadgje bfm tbau}b~ x~gyotogft! }le bntefde gi plodl dguam aebm}g b~no}~b~ofett bfm dbx~odogut nelbyogu~ * plodl jb of ibd} òye~ote }g bfg}le~ cofm gi x~gnaej ploae tunmuof` gfe cofm gix~gn aej&

9& Ted}ogf 24 2 x~gyomet ig~ b to}ub}ogf moiie~e f} i~gj }le gfeefyotbèm n Ted}ogf 248! fbjea b to}ub}ogf ple~e }le xunaod


40/147

=8tedu~o} ot jbfoiet}a efmbfè~em n bf tudl ufabpiua bttejnabfm fg E|edu}oye Jbòt}~b}e dbf ne dgjjufodb}em po }l & Of tudlb to}ub}ogf! bf Dgjjottogfem Giiode~ g~ @b{e}}em Giiode~ gi }leb~jem ig~det ot ejxgpe~em }g motxe~te tudl ufabpiua bttejnapo}l }le leax gi }le ig~det ufme~ lot dgjjbfm bfm ig~ }le tbomxu~xgte3 le ot batg ejxgpe~em }g dgfiofe bf xe~tgf plg ot bj ej ne~ gi tudl ufabpiua bttejna& B} }le tbje } oj e! }leted}ogf }bcet db~e }g x~gyome }lb} ploae tg bd}of`! oi o} nedgjetx~bd}odbnae ig~ }le giiode~ gi tudl b~jem ig~det }g dgjjufodb}epo}l }le E|edu}oye Jbòt}~b}e! le tlbaa mg tg bfm }lefdeig~pb~mgne }le oft}~ud}ogft gi }le Jbòt}~b}e bt }g ple}le~ le tlbaa! g~tlbaa fg }! dgf }ofue tudl*bd }ogf& ]lot ted}ogf ot ofmodb }oye gi }ledgfde~f gi }le Xb~a objef} }lb} }le b~jem ig~det tlbaa fg} bd} gf}leo~ gpf ploae motxe~tof` ufabpiua bttejnaoet e|dex} ple~e }leto}ub}ogf ot `~bye ,jbfoiet}a efmbfè~of` xunaod tedu~o}/ bfm fgJbòt}~b}e dbf ne dgjjufodb}em po }l & ]lete ted}ogft bfm }ledgfde~f e|lono}em n }lej jb ne dgf}~bt}em po}l }le nabfce}xgpe~t òyef n Ted}ogf = ufme~ }le B~jem Ig~det ,TxedobaXgpe~t/ Bd}! 2?5 x~gyomet x~g}ed}ogf }g }le xe~tgft bd}of` ufme~ted}ogf 2>?! 248 bfm 242 b`boft} bf x~gdeemof`t of b d~ojofbadgu ~}& O} t}b}et }lb } fg x~gdeemof`t dbf ne oft}o}u}e m b`boft} bftudl xe~tgf e|dex} po}l }le tbfd}ogf gi }le Def}~ba @gye~fjef}ple~e }le xe~tgf }g ne x~gdeemem b`boft} ot b jejne~ gi }leb~jem ig~det bfm po}l }le tbfd}ogf gi }le T}b}e @gye~fjef}ple~e }le xe~tgft }g ne x~gdeemem b`boft} ot jejne~ gi bfg}le~ ig~de& ]lot ted}ogf batg e|x~etta x~gyomet }lb} fg xe~tgf


41/147

=2

bd}of` ufme~ ted}ogft 2>? ! 248 bfm 242 tlbaa ne meejem }g lbyedgjjo}}em bf giiefde ploae bd}of` ufme~ bfm of bddg~mbfde po}l}le tbom x~gyotogft&


42/147

=>

XB^]* OOOIEEM NBDC ÊDEOYEM N_ ]LE DGJJO]]EE

,ÊXÊTEF]B ]OGFT! XUNAOD LEB ÔF@T! E]D&/

D L B X ] E ^ * OJbfogu~

]le Dgjjo}}ee! po}l b yoep }g btde~}bof }le yoept!gxofogft of Jbfoxu~ gf }le BITXB bfm o}t ojxaejef}b}ogf! ottuemb fg}oi odb}ogf dbaaof` ig~ ~etxgftet i~gj }le xunaod& ]leD gj j o}}ee yoto}em }le T}b}e gi Jbfoxu~ of }le io~t} oft}bf de& ]lotpbt ig~ }le ~ebtgf }lb} }le ab}et} uxtu~è b`boft} }le BITXB}ggc xabde of Jbfoxu~ igaagpof` }le meb}l gi Jt&]l& Jbfg~jbMeyo ploae of }le dut}gm gi }le Bttbj ôiaet& ]le yoto} }g Ojxlba}ggc xabde gf Medejne~ >0*48! >88= bfm }le leb~of`t pe~e leamof }le x~ejotet gi }le J bfoxu~ Lujbf ô`l}t Dgj jottogf& ]leDlbo~jbf gi JL^D! Kut}ode ,ê}m&/ P&B& Tlotlbc pbt cofmefgu`l }g jbce fedettb~ b~~bfèjef}t ig~ gu~ leb~of`t&>& ]le~e pbt b nbfml dbaaem n b ibd}ogf gi }le Bxufnb Aux!plodl mejbfmem }le ojjemob}e ~exeba gi BITXB! plef }leDgjjo}}ee pbt of }le T}b}e& Metxo}e }lb}! jbf `~guxt!ofmoyomubat bfm g~`bfo{b} ogft jbme mexgto} ogft neig~e }leDgjjo}}ee& ]le ibjoa gi Jbfg~bjb Meyo batg je} }leDgjjo}}ee& ]le a ot} gi ofmoyomubat bfm `~guxt plg jbme~ex~etef}b} ogft }g }le Dgjjo}}ee ot b} B f f e | u ~ e * O O O & I~gj }leyoept e|x~ettem neig~e ut bfm i~gj }le ~ex~etef}b} ogft~edeoyem! }le iga agpof` mot} ofd} y oep*xgof}t eje~èm;,b/]le mg j ofbf } yoep *xgof } e|x~ettem n b ab~è fuj ne~ gig~`bfo{b} ogft ofmoyomubat pbt }lb} }le Bd} ot ufmejgd~b} od! lb~tl


43/147

=4bfm motd~ojofb}g~& O} ot bxxaodbnae gfa }g }le Fg~}l*Ebt}e~fT}b}et bfm! }le~eig~e! motd~ojofb}et b`boft} }le xegxae gi }le~e`ogf& Ufme~ }le x~g}ed}ogf x~gyomem n }le Bd}! teye~ba oa ae`baco a a of`t! }g~}u~e! jgaet}b}ogft! ~bxet bfm e|}g~} ogft lbye }bcefxabde xb~}oduab~a tofde }le Bd} mget fg} x~gyome ig~ g~ d~eb}e bjbdlofe~ plodl x~gyomet x~g}ed}ogf b`boft} }le e|dettetdgj j o}}em n b~jem ig~detxb ~b*j oa o}b~ ig~det mexagem of }leT}b}e& ]le Bd} tlguam! }le~eig~e! ne ~exebaem& ]le Dgjjo}}eetxedoiodbaa xu} ruet}ogft }g }le xe~tgft plg bxxeb~em neig~e o}ple}le~ }le pbf}em ng}l }le Bd} bfm }le B~j }g `g ! g~pl e}le~ }le pb f} gfa }le Bd} }g `g nu} }le B~j }g ~ej bof& ]g}lot ruet}ogf! }le gye~pleajof` ~etxgfte pbt }lb} ploae }le Bd}tlguam ne ~exebaem! }le B~j tlguam ~ejbof }g i o`l} }le joa o }bf}tbfm `ub~m }le ng~me~t&

b/ B de~}bof yoep*xgof} ygodem n tgje xe~tgft pbt }lb} ng}l}le Bd} bfm }le B~j tlguam ne ~ejgyem i~gj Jbfoxu~&Bddg~mof` }g }lej! }le x~gnaej of Jbfoxu~ ot ettef}obaa b tgdog*edgfgjod gfe bfm fg} gi abp bfm g~me~& Oi }le nbtod ottuet gitgdog*edgfgj od bfm gi xgao}odba fb}u ~e b~e b}}e fm em ! o} pg uam fg}ne fedettb~ }g lbye }le x~etefde gi }le B~j of }le T}b}e!,n/ B moi ie~ef} yoep *xgof} ygodem n b iep eame~a xe~tgft bfmbttgdob}ogft pbt }lb} ng}l }le Bd} bfm }le B~j tlguam ~ejbof of}le of}e~et} gi bfm ig~ eftu~of` }le tbie} gi tjbaa e}lfod `~guxtbfm g}le~ jofg~ o } oet&4& ]le Dg j j o}}ee `b}le~em }le ojx~ettogf }lb } }le~e ot bde~}bof bjguf} gi dgfiutogf of }le jofmt gi jbf do}o{eft~e`b~mof` }le ~etxed}oye xgpe~t gi }le T}b}e xgaode g~`bfo{b}ogftbfm }lb} gi }le b~jem ig~det gi }le Ufogf& ]le b~e ufme~ }leojx~ettogf }lb} }le T}b}e Xgaode Ig~det pe~e batg bd}of` ufme~


44/147

==}le x~g}ed}ogf gi }le Bd}& Bt b dgfteruefde! }le e|dettetdgjjo}}em n }le T}b}e Xgaode bfm Dgjjbfmgt b~e èfe~baa abomb} }le mgg~ gi }le Bd}&=& De~}bof g~`bfo{b}ogft ioaem eabng~b}e aot}t gi baaeèmb}~gdo} oet dgjjo}}em n }le tedu~o} ig~det bfm of xb~} oduab~b`boft} }le jejne~t gi }le Bttbj ôiaet& ]lete aot}t batg do}eoft}bfdet gi co a a of` gi offgdef}t! ofdaumof` pgjef bfm dloam~ef&]lot jb}e~oba! neof` }gg nuac! ot fg} efdagtem }g }le êxg~} nu}ot tef} }g }le @gye~fjef} bagf` po}l }lot êxg~} ig~ tudl ute btjb ne igufm bxx~gx~ob}e n }le dgfde~fem bu }lg~o} oet & O} pbtbatg n~gu`l} }g gu~ fg}ode }lb} of teye~ba dbtet gi baaeème|dettet! efruo~et pe~e leam n dgjxe}ef} bu}lg~o} oet bfm }leùo a } xe~tgffea bpb~mem xufotljef} bfm dgjxeftb} ogf pbt batgòyef }g }le b``~oeyem xe~tgft of tgje dbtet&5& ]le du~~e f} to}ub}ogf of Jbfoxu~ ot b dgjxae| bj ba`bj giibd}g~t& ]le~e b~e agf`t}bfmof` bfojgto} oet bjgf` e}lfod! } ~ onba!xaboft bfm loa a `~guxt& ]le Jeo}eo xegxae plg dgft}o}u}e }lejbkg~o} of }le T}b}e lbye b meexa iea} lot}g~odba xe~txed}oye giJbfoxu~o }e~~ o }g~ oba bfm dua}u~ba ufo}& ]le fe|ut ne}peef d~ojebfm xga o } odt gf gfe lbfm! bfm ig~eo`f ofygayejef} }l~gu`l iufmt!b~jt! bfm tbfd}ub~oet gf }le g}le~! jbce ig~ b lo`la ygab}o aetedu~o} to}ub}ogf& Gye~ }le eb~t! }le fb}u~e gi oftu~èfd lbt *bt eateple~e of }le Fg~}l Ebt} * tloi}em }g bd}t gi }e~~g~otj!e|}g~ } ogf! dge~dogf gi }le xgxuab}ogf òyof` ~ote }g b to}ub}ogf giof}e~fba motg~me~& Of }le abt} }pg medbmet }le fujne~t gi joa o }bf}`~guxt! }leo~ b~tefbat bfm ae}lba o } lbye `~gpf ojjeftea& ]leto }ub} ogf! o} bxxeb~t! dbffg} ne jbfbèm n }le T}b}e abp bfmg~me ~ jbdlofe~ bt b} x~etef}& ]le B~j bfm g}le ~ Def}~baig~det jb dgf }ofue }g xab b j bkg~ ~gae of }le tedu~o}


45/147

=5

edgfgjod jebtu~et neòf }g }bce eiied} bfm }le `gye~fbfde of}le T}b}e ojx~gyet&9& ]le Dgj j o}}ee ot batg gi }le gxofogf }l b} }le ~e ot bmeaone~b}e bfm db~eiuaa xabffem b}}ejx} n joa o}bf} g~`bfo{b}ogft}g mbjbè }le ~exu}b }ogf bfm jg ~bae gi }le B~jem Ig~det& ]le~eruo~ejef} }le~eig~e ot }g eftu~e }lb} }le xgpe~t gi }le b~j }gdgfmud} gxe~b}ogft b`boft} joa o }bf} g~`bfo{b}ogft ~ejbof ploae b}}le tbje }oje! eftu~of` }lb} }lete gxe~b}ogft mg fg} ojxofèuxgf }le ~o`l}t bfm }le tbie} gi }le do} o{eft&

Loa a Mot}~od}t gi Jb foxu~Tefbgb} o0& ]le Dg j j o}}ee batg yoto}em }le loa a*mot}~od}t gi }le T}b}ebfm leam leb~of`t b} Tefbxb}o bfm Dlu~bdlbfmxu~ gf Bx~oa >2bfm Bx~o a >4! >885


46/147

=9

b`boft} }le Bd} ig~ bajgt} 58 eb~t! fg}lof` pbt mgfe uf}oa }leJbfg~bjb Meyo ofdomef} of Ojxlba x~gjx}em }le @gy}& gi Ofmob }gte} ux }lot Dgjjo}}ee&Dlu~bdlbfmxu~28& To| p~o}}ef ~ex~etef}b}ogft pe~e ~edeoyem n }leDgjjo}}ee b} Dlu~bdlbfmxu~ gf nelbai gi }le g~`bfo{b}ogft~ex~etef}of` }le Cucot! [gjot! Xbo}et! Cgo~ef`t ,Cg~eft/ bfmg}le~t gf Bx~oa >4! >885& ^ex~etef}b}oyet gi igu~ g~`bfo{b}ogft ,b}g}ba gi 20 xe~tgft/ bxxeb~em ig~ g~ba leb~of`t&22& ]le yoept e|x~ettem b} Dlu~bdlbfmxu~ pe~e rubao}b}oyeamoiie~ef} i~gj }lgte ~edeoyem i~gj eateple~e of }le T}b}e& Gfeyoep pbt of ibygu~ gi ~exabdejef} gi }le Bd} n b jg~e eiied}oyeabp tg }lb} xebde bfm lb~jgf dguam ne ~et}g~em of }le T}b}e&Tgje g}le~t pbf}em }lb} }le Bd} tlguam fg} ne aoi}em i~gjDlu~bdlbfmxu~ b~eb ple~e }le xegxae pe~e }le jbkg~ yod}ojt b}}le lbfmt gi ufme~`~gufm gu}io}t! bt b ~etua} gi plodlmeyeagxjef} pg~c lbm dgje }g b t}bfmt}o a a & Gfe yoep pbt }lb}}le B~j tlguam t}b nu} }le e|dettet dgjjo}}em n }lejtlguam ne t}gxxem& Gfa gfe g~`bfo{b}ogf pbt of ibygu~ gidgjxae}e po}lm~bpba gi BITXB&


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=0D L B X ] E ^ * O O

]~ oxu~b

]le Dg jjo}}ee yoto}em B`b ~}bab, ]~oxu ~b/ gf Ien~ub~ 885& ]le ~ex~etef}b}oyet gi ]pox~b T}umef}t Ieme~b}ogf! Ng~gcXegxaet Lujbf ô`l}t G~`bfo{b}ogf! Ofmoèfgut Fb}ogfbaot} Xb~}gi ]~oxu~b bfm }le ]~oxu~b X~bmetl Dgf`~ett Dgjjo}}ee je} }leDgjjo} }ee&>& Pe jut} jef}ogf b} }le gu}te} }lb} b jotdgfdex}ogf pbtx~eyboaof` bjgf` }le xegxae plg bxxeb~em neig~e ut yo{& }lb}}le t}b}e tedu~o} ig~det b~e batg dgye~em n }le Bd} bfm b~eef}o} aem }g e|e~dote baa }le xgpe~t bfm efkg }le ojjufo}oetx~gyomem n o}& ]le Dgjjo}}ee tgu`l} }g e~bte }lot ojx~ettogft}b}of` }lb} }le Bd} lbt fg bxxaodb}ogf }g }le ]~oxu~b T}b}etedu~o} ig~det nu} gfa }g }le b~jem ig~det bfm g}le~xb~bjoao}b~ ig~det gi }le Ufogf& Ne }lb} bt o} jb! }le~ex~etef}b} oyet gi }le }l~ee i o~t} jef}ogfem g~`bfo{b} ogftdgjxabofem gi e|dettet bfm b}~gdo} oet tbom }g lbye neefogjjo}}em n }le ]~oxu~b tedu~o} ig~det bfm ~eruet}em ig~ }le~exeba gi }le Bd}& ]le batg jbme b ie~yef} xaeb }lb} }le ofiau| giNbfàbmetlot of}g ]~oxu~b tlguam ne t}gxxem aet} }le }~onbaxgxuab} ogf gi }le t}b}e ot iu~}le~ jb~òfbaotem&4! ]le ~ex~et ef}b}oyet gi ]~oxu~b X~bmetl Dgf`~ettDg j j o}}ee! lgpeye ~! }ggc bf gxxgto}e t}bfm & ]le tunj o}}em}lb} tofde }le~e ot fg ae} ux of }le oftu~èfd! }le Bd} tlguamdgf}ofue& ]le dgjxabofem }lb} joa o }bf}t pe~e }b~è} of` xebdeiuado} o{eft& ]le tu`èt}em }lb} po}l b yoep }g dledc e|dettetdgjjo}}em n }le tedu~o} ig~det! }le~e tlguam ne b jedlbfotj}g òye e|ejxab~ xufotljef} }g }le ùoa} bjgf` }lej& ]le


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=& M@! Bttbj ôi aet! Tlo a agf` `bye b me}bo aem x~etef}b} ogf gf}le Bttbj ôiaet& Le e|xabofem }le ~gae gi Bttbj ôiaet of }leFg~}l*Ebt}ej T}b}et bfm }leo ~ mexagjef} of ebdl T}b}e& Lekut} o i oem }le ~e}ef} ogf gi BITXB tbof` }lb} o } pguam ne moi i odua}ig~ }le B~jem Ig~det }g pg~c po }lgu} bf ae`ba x~g}ed} ogf& ]leùomea ofet òyef n }le Tux~eje Dgu~} dguam batg ne ofdaumem of}le fep aeòtab} ogf&4& @g y}& gi Je `lbab b! Tlo a agf` ~ex ~et ef}e m n Tl~oB&X~bmlbf! Bmma& M@ gi Xga ode bfm Tl~o Jb~nbfkbf`& BO@ gi Xga odejef} ogfem }lb} }le T}b}e @gy} & lbt fg} efig~dem }l ot Bd} ofJe`lb abb tofde o }t no~ } l of 2?0 >& Lg pe ye~! }l e Ufogf @g y}& ofo }t fg} o i odb} ogf mb}em >0&22&2??8 lbt medab~em >8 co agje}e~t pomenea} of }le T}b}e gi Je`lbabb ng~me~of` Bttbj bt b mot}u~nemb~eb ufme~ Ted}ogf 4 gi }le Bd}&=& Mofg M&@& Mjxex! Ted~e}b~*@efe~ba ! Je`lbab Xegxae 'tLujbf ô`l}t Dgufdo a lbfmem gye~ b p~ o } }ef ~ex~etef}b} ogf }g}le Dgjjo} }ee! t}b} of` }lb} BITXB lbt ib o aem }g dgf}b ofoftu~èfd to }ub} ogf bfm }lb} }le~e b~e g}le~ Bd}t ba~ebm of


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54

ig~de aoce }le Ufabpiua Bd}oyo}oet ,X~eyef}ogf/ Bd}! 2?90 , plodllbt neef bjefmem of >88= eruoxxof` o } }g meba po}l }e~~g~otj/plodl b~e tuiiodoef} }g meba po}l joao}bfd&5& Bf of}e~bd}ogf pbt leam b} }le Fg~}l Ebt}e~f Loaa Uf oye~to}po}l ibdua} jejne~t! x~etomem gye~ n }le Yode Dlbfdeaag~ M~&J~ofba Jo~o! ple~e b ab~`e fujne~ gi bdbmejodobft xb~}odoxb}em!txgce b`boft} }le Bd} bfm }le feem }g efm motd~ojofb}g~} ~eb }jef} &

9& B a ot} gi ofmoyomubat bfm g~`bfo{b}ogft plg je } }le D gj jo}}eeb} Tloaagf` ot xabdem b} B f f e | u ~ e * Y O &


54/147

5=

DLBX]E^*YFbbbabfm

Ig~ feb~a lbai b def}u~! }le Fb`b Loaat lbye neef of}u~jgo a & ]le ofo} oba }~o`è~ pbt }le b~jem jgyejef} teecofòfmexefmefde i~gj Of mob& ]le ux~otof` aem }g b j bkg~ d gfia od}po}l }le @gye~fjef} gi Ofmob! plodl ~utlem }~ggxt! tuxxa oet bfmpebxgft }g }le b~eb }g jee} }le dlbaaefè gi b~jem oftu~~ed}ogf&

>& Ioi} eb~t mgpf }le aofe! metxo}e gf`gof` xebde&fe`g}ob}ogft po}l }le Def}~e! }le t}bfmgii po}l Fep Mealodgf}ofuet! baneo} of b fgf*b~jem tefte& Of }lete xbt} medbmet!}le x~etefde gi }le b~jem ig~det bfm fgf*T}b}e dgjnb}bf}t i~gj}le Fb`b tome lbye xabem lbygd po}l tgdoe} of }le t}b}e bfmeateple~e of }le ~eògf ple~e }le~e b~e oftu~èfdoet g~ b~jemjoa o }bfd& ]le xegxae gi }le t}b}e lbye neef }le pg~t} tuiie~e~t&

4& O} pbt }g meba p o}l }le ux~otof` of }le Fb`b Loaat! }le f ofBttbj! }lb} }le BITXB pbt of}~gmudem of Xb~aobjef} of 2?5< n}le }lef Lgje Jofot}e~! Tl~o @N Xbf}! b`boft} gxxgto} ogf i~gjjejne~t i~gj Jbfoxu~& ]le jebtu~e lbt dgf}ofuem ig~ feb~a =0eb~t&

=& Mu~of` }lot xe~ogm! }le ~edg~m gi }le bxxaodb}ogf gi }le Bd}!lbt! n bf jebtu~e! neef dgf}~gye~toba& Xegxae of }le T}b}edgjxabof gi! plb} }le dbaa! b~no}~b~ co a a of`t bfm }g~}u~e! ibceefdguf}e~t bfm motbxxeb~bfdet! ~bxe gi pgjef! jgaet}b}ogf bfmg}le~ baaeèm e|dettet& B iboau~e gf }le xb~} gi }le b~jem ig~det


55/147

55}g ufme~t}bfm agdba dut}gjt! dgjjufo}oet bfm yoept lbtbddef}ub}em }le x~gnaej&5& ]lot }gg lbt neùf }g dlbfè gye~ }le xbt} e b~t ! p o}l`~eb}e~ tefto} o{b}ogf gi }le b~jem ig~det }g ottuet gi lujbf~o`l}t& Tofde }le ottubfde gi }le ùomeaofet dgf}bofem of }lekumèjef} gi }le Tux~eje Dgu~} of }le Fb`bt Xegxaet Jgyejef}ig~ Lujbf ô`l}t Yt& Ufogf gi Ofmob ,2?>! >885 & B ab~è fujne ~ gi xe~tgft bxxeb~em bfm jbme}leo~ ~ex~etef}b} ogft& ]lete b~e tujjb~o{em neagp;

b/ Aebme~t gi }le Fb`b LGLG!bf uj n~eaab g~`b fo{b}ogf gi >?}~onet pe~e ye~ ygdba of }le o~ d~o} odotj gi BITXB! p lod l! }letbom! lbm meexefem lb}~em bfm efjo} of eye~ Fb`b ibjoa&]le tbom! }le BITXB tlguam ne }g}baa ~exebaem bfm }le~e pe~eefgu`l Bd}tX~gyotogft of }le b~jgu~ gi }le @gy}& }g }bdcae }le


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59

to}u b}og f& ]le B~j tlguam ne mexagem gfa ig~ meiefde ging~me~t ploae xgaode bfm xb~bjoao}b~ ig~det tlguam ne utem ig~jbof}bofof` abp bfm g~me~&n/ ]le Fb`b Jg }le~'t Bttg dob}ogf! Cglojb! txgce gi }le gi }le

jotute gi }le Bd} bfm u~èm o}t ~exeba&d/ ]le X ~etomef} bfm @ efe~ba Ted~e}b~ gi }le Fb`b T}u me f}t '

Ieme~b}ogf! batg btte~}em b tojoab~ yoep ig~ ~exebaof` }le Bd}&m/ ]le Jejne~t gi }le Xebde Dgftua}b}oye Dgjjo}}ee tbom }lb} }le

@gy}& pbt gfa aggcof` b} oftu~èf}t bfm ot fg} pg~~oem bngu} }leèfe~ba xunaod& ]le xunaod! of ibd }! pbt neb~of` }le n~u f} gi }leyogaefde gi }le j oao}bf} t bfm B~je m Ig~det& ]lot to}u b}og f! }letbom! d~eb}et }le jgt} dgfmudoye b}jgtxle~e ig~ oftu~èf}t }g}l~ oye &

e/ ]le Fb`babfm Nb~ Bttgdob}ogf ~ex~etef}em n o}t X ~etomef} bfm}pg g}le~ giiode neb~e~t! jbme b me}boaem x~etef}b}ogf bfm tbom}l b} Ofmob neof` }le ab~èt} mejg d~bd! tudl Abpt feemem }g ne~exebaem&?& ]le T}b}e @g y}& gi Fb`babfm pbt ~ex~et ef}em n tefog~ doyoabfm xgaode giiodobat gi }le ~bfc gi Bmma& Dloei Ted~e}b~ bfm Bmma&M@X& ]le tbom }lb} }le Bd} tlguam ne ~exabdem po}l b jg~elujbfe aeòtab}ogf tofde o} lbm èfe~b}em lb}~em bfm tutxodogfne}peef }le Fb`bt bfm g}le~t& ]le tbom }lb} }le abp bfm g~me~xgto} ogf lbm ojx~gyem bfm }le T}b}e @gy}& lbm fg} ~edgjjefmemiu~ }le ~ e|}ef togf gi }lot Bd}& B aot} gi ofmoyomu bat bfmg~`bfo{b}ogft plg bxxeb~em neig~e }le Dgjjo}}ee ot b}B f f e | u ~ e * Y O O &28& ]le Bttbj ôiaet of Cglojb batg jbme b x~etef}b}ogf&]le tunjo}}em }lb} tofde }le medab~b}ogf gi debteio~e! }le~e lbtneef fg dabtlet g~ dgfi~gf}b}ogf ne}peef }le Bttbj ôiaet bfm}le j oa o }bf} `~guxt gi }le g~`bfo{b}ogft& ]le ! lgp eye~! t}b}em


57/147

50}lb} }le }e~jt gi debteio~e b~e fg} neof` gnte~yem n }le joao}bf}`~guxt! pl odl b~e xb~} }g }le debte io~e& ]le tbom }l b } oi }legf*`gof` fe`g}ob}ogft ne}peef }le Fb`b `~guxt bfm Def}~ba@gy}& ~ebdl bf b`~eej ef} }lef }le x~gnaejt gi oftu~`efddguam efm& Oi! lgp eye~! }lete }bact mg fg} tuddeem! }legxe~b}ogft pguam lbye }g ne ~edgjjefmem& B ae`ba jedlbfotjtlguam ne of xabde x~gyomof` ig~ }le dgfmud} gi gxe~b}ogft n }leB~jem Ig~det&


58/147

5 2 ! >88 5/! plodl pbt b}}efmem n x ~gj ofef}xe~tgft! Mealo nbtem lujbf ~o`l}t g~`bfo{b}ogft bfm t}umef}ti~gj }le fg ~}l*ebt }e~f ~eògf t}umof` of Mealo& Jbk& @ef&,ê}m&/ Tb}no~ Tof`l! plg ot ~etomof` of @u~`bgf! lbfmem gye~ b~ex~etef}b} ogf bfm batg jbme bf g~ba x~etef}b} ogf }g }leD gj j o}}ee& Le tbom }lb } baae`b}ogft gi b}~gdo} oet gf }le xegxaedgj j o}}em n B~jem Ig~det pe~e e|b` è~b}em& Gf }le g}le~lbfm! feb~a >!888 tgamoe~t lbm abom }leo~ aoyet gf of}e~fbatedu~o} mu} oet& Le t}b}em }lb }! .Gfe p~gf` mget fg} p~gf ` }leplgae B~j.& ]le ~uaet tlguam ne t}~od}a bxxaoem bfm igaagpem&Le tbom }lb} }le T}b}e bmjofot}~b}ogf tlguam ne ~etxgftoye bfm}le x~etef} ojn~gàog pbt mue }g ofeiied}oye bfm uf*~etxgftoyeT}b}e jb dlofe ~& Of }le of}e~et} gi fb}ogfb a ted u~o}! BITXBtlguam dgf}ofue&>& @ef& Y& C& Fbb~! ig~je~ @gye~fg~ Fb`babfm bfm Jbfoxu~!jbme b ye~ ig~deiua x~etef}b} ogf neig~e }le Dgjjo}}ee bfmmpea} b} aef`}l gf }le dbutet gi oftu~èfd of }le fg~}l*ebt} bfmxb~}oduab~a of Jbfoxu~3 tudl bt tgdog*xgao} odba*edgfgjodx~gnaejt! `~gux dabtlet! ofbddettonae b~ebt! dgft}~bof}t giedgfgjod meyeagxjef}! ~bjxbf} dg~~ux} ogf of }le T}b}ebmjofot}~b} ogf bfm fe|ut ne}peef xgao} odobft bfm oftu~èf}`~gu xt& Le tbom }lb } b fep xlefg je fgf lbm dgje of }leig~ei~gf} fgp ple~e ejg}oye ottuet pe~e neof` ~botem n }lexunaod bfm }lef lokbdcem n joao}bf}t mue ofbmerub}e ~etxgfte


59/147

5?

i~gj }le T}b}e bmj ofot}~b}og f& Nedbute gi abdc gi tgdog*edgfgj odmeyeagxjef} bfm ~etxgfte }g }le xunaod `~oeybfdet n }le T}b}ebmjofot}~b}ogf! xunaod bfè~ aoce of }le dbte gi Jbfg~jb exotgmepbt neof` e|xago}em n }le j oao}bf}t& ]le to}ub }ogf pbt tg nbm}lb} eyef }le of}eaaoèfde bèfdoet pe~e ~eaud}bf} }g bddex}~etxgftonoao}! bt }le T}b}e jbdlofe~ pbt dgjxae}ea ofeiied}oye&4& Tl~o Tulbt Dlbc jb ! Mo~ed}g~! Btobf Def}~e ig~ Luj bfô`l}t! tunjo}}em b me}boaem ~ex~etef}b}ogf bfm jbme b ye~`ggm x~etef}b} ogf neig~e }le Dg j j o}}ee& Le t}b}em }lb }x~bd}odbaa }le T}b}e Bmjofot}~b}ogf pbt ofeiied}oye bt b ~etua}! giplodl }le j ote~ gi }le xegxae lbm ofd~ebtem& Le tbom }l b} }leB~j pbt fg} bddguf}bnae i~gj }le }oje gi b~~et} gi }le xe~tgf}g }le }oj e gi lbfmof` loj gye~ }g }le X gaode& ]le B~jem Ig~detfeemem }g ne x~gxe~a emudb}em bngu} }le lujbf ~o`l}t bfm}le~e tlguam ne x~gxe~ dledct bfm nbabfdet of }le BITXB! plodlmget fg} lbye me}boaem x~gdemu~eùomeaofet }g ne bmgx}em n }leB~jem*Ig~det xe~tgffea& ]le igdut gi gxe~b}ogft tlguam neaojo}em }g }le xgdce}t gi oftu~èf}t bfm fg} }le ef}o~e T}b}e&= && B meae`b}ogf gi _uyb Nlb~b}! Fep Mealo! bxxeb~em neig~e}le D gj j o}}ee & O} t}b}em }lb} BITXB pbt of ig~de ig~ feb~a igu~medbmet nu} o} lbm iboaem }g bdloeye o}t gnked}oyet bfm tlguam ne~exebaem&5& B me ae`b}ogf gi Ufo}em F@Gt Jottogft! Jbfoxu ~! aem n&Fgygcotlg~e Tof`l tunjo}}em b ~ex~etef}b} ogf }g }le Dgjjo}}ee}e~ j of` }le BITXB bt b m~bdgfobf abp bfm tlgu am ne ~exe baem&9& Jt&Fbfmo}b Lbctb~! Bmy gdb}e! Fep Me alo! tun j o}}em bjejg~bfmuj }g }le Dgjjo}}ee xaebmof` ig~ ~exebojef} giBITXB bt o} yogab}em }le x~gyotogft gi }le Ofmobf Dgft}o}u}ogf bfmOf}e ~f b}og fb a Luj bf ô`l}t T}bfm b~mt& Tle tbom }l b} oi XG]Bdguam ne ~exebaem pl tlguam BITXB fg} ne ~exe baem& Tle


60/147

98

~omoduaem }le mg't bfm mgf}'t ottuem n }le B~j & Tle do}emde~}bof dbtet b`boft} }lot Bd}! plodl pe~e xefmof` of moiie~ef}dgu~}t&0& B meae`b }ogf gi X~g`~ettoye T}ume f}t Ufogf Ig~uj gfnelbai gi fb}ogfba dbjxbo`f ig~ }le ~exeba gi BITXB bxxeb~emneig~e }le Dg j j o}}ee& O } t}b}em }lb} }le~e pbt fg tdgxe }gbjefm }lot Bd} g~ jbce o} jg~e lujbfe bt o} lbm iboaem }gbdloeye }le gnked}oyet ig~ plodl o} pbt efbd}em bfm }le~eig~e }leBd} tlguam ne ~exebaem ojj emob }ea& B aot} gi ofmoyom ubat !g~`bfo{b}ogft bfm F@Gt bagf` po}l b `ot} gi }le tunjottogftjbme n }lej ot xabdem b} Bffe|u~e YO O O &


61/147

92

DLBX]E^*YOO

B~ufdlba X~bmetl

Bi}e~ dgjxae}of` }le xunaod leb~of` b} Mon~u`b~l ,Bttbj/gf Bx~oa >=! }le Dgjjo}}ee x~gdeemem }g ]o~bx mot}~od} giB~ufbdlba X~bmetl& ]o~bx bfm Dlbfàbf` mot}~od}t gi B~ufbdlbaX~bmetl lbe neef fg}oioem bt .mot}u~nem b~ebt. ufme~ }le BITXB&>& X~etef}b}ogft pe~e n jbme n }le Dgjjbfmbf}! Bttbjôiaet bfm }le Tuxe~of}efmef} gi Xgaode! ]o~bx mot}~od} b} Clgftbgf Bx~oa >5 ! >885 & ]le Dgjjjbfmbf} gi }le agdba ufo} gi }leO]NX batg xb~}odoxb}em of }le motduttogft& ]le Dgjjbfmbf} gi}le Bttbj ôiaet ~edgjjefmem }lb} }le BITXB tlguam dgf}ofuepo}lgu} bf moau}ogf ploae }le Tuxm}& gi Xgaode! ]o~bx t}~ettem gfjgme~fo{b}ogf gi }le T}b}e Xgaode Ig~de& Le batg ~edgjjefmem}lb} tgje b~ebt gi Aglo} tlguam batg ne n~gu`l} ufme~ BITXB&Ploae x~etef}b}ogft ofmodb}em leo`l}efem ufme~`~gufm bd}oyo}bfm abdc gi of}eaaoèfde gf bddguf} gi }le ieb~ xtdlgtotèfe~b}em n joao}bf}t! fg x~g*bd}oye bd}ogf pbt neof` }bcef bfmbt tudl }le~e pe~e fg xunaod dgjxabof}t b`boft} }le tedu~o}ig~det& B dgx gi }le ~exg~} gi }le Dgjjo}}ee ot b} Bffe|u~e*O\ &4& Gf Bx~oa >9 ! tgje x~gjofef} agdba xe~tgft batg je} }leDgjj o}}ee& ]le lo`lao`l}em }le x~eyboaof` oftedu~o} mue }gFb`b joao}bf}t bd}oyo}oet bfm ~edgjjefmem }le ~e}ef}ogf gi }leBd}&


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9>DLBX]E^ * Y O O O

Y o e p t g i B ~j! B ttbj ^ o i a et ! N T I ! D^XI b f m T } b } e@ g y e ~ f j e f } t]le Dgjjo } }ee p bt òyef n~ oei of`t n B~j Lebmrub~ }e ~t !

M@ Bttbj ôiaet bfm }le NTI& Tgje gi }le T}b }e @gye~fjef}tof } l e Fg~}l*Ebt} dgjjufodb}em }le o ~ y oept of p~o } of`& ]lete b ~etujjb~ o {em o f }l e ig a agpof` xb~b`~bxlt&B ~ j y ; X~etef}b} ogft pe~e jbme n B~j Lebmrub~ }e~t bf m o}ttung~m ofb}e lebmrub~ }e~t of }le fg ~}l ebt }& Mb}b b f m bfbatotpbt batg x~gyomem } g }le D gjjo } } ee & ] le bttettjef} b f m~edgjjefmb } o gf g i }l e B~j b ~e a ot }em neagp;*,b/ ] le oftu~èfd t o }ub} ogf of }le fg~ }l *ebt } lbt pg~tefemtofde } l e BITXB lbm neef bxxa oem o f }le 2?58t& ] le o ftu~èf }`~guxt lbye `~eb} a ofd~ebtem& ]leo ~ dbm~et! pebxgft! }bd} odbadbxbno a o } oet lbye e|xbfmem b f m ojx~gyem ojjemob}e a & ]lelbye ye~ ab~è iufmt b } }leo ~ dg j j bf m& ]le batg ~edeoyetuxxg~ } bf m tlea }e~ i ~gj g}le~ dguf }~ oet& ]lete oftu~` ef}`~guxt dggxe~b}e b f m fe}pg~c p o }l }e~ ~g~ ot } `~guxt e ateple~e ofOfm ob b f m bn ~gbm &,n/ ]le `~guxt plodl t}b~}em bt oftu~èf }t teecof` tedettogfi~gj Ofmob lbye fgp nedgje e|}g~}ogfot}t! gxx~ettg~t gi }lexegxae! bfm b~e jg~e of}e~et}em of lgamof` ux }le iufd}ogfof` gi}le T}b}e }l~gu`l ynbfmlt'& ]le b~e of eye~ tefte gi }le pg ~m !b te} gi xu~ea }e~~g~ot} `~guxt&,d/ ]le B~j bfm Bttbj ôiaet ufme~ o}t dgj j bfm lbye }gdgfmud} dgf}ofugut gxe~b}ogft gye~ b ab~è }e~~o }g~ }g mgjofb}etudl `~guxt bfm x~gyome bf bddex}bnae aeyea gi tedu~o} }g }leT}b}et bfm xegxae& ]le fuj ne~ gi xb }~gat! teb~dl 4fm dg~mgfgxe~b}ogft ~eruo~em }g dgfmud} tudl baa peb}le~! baa }e~~bof


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94

gxe~b}ogft b~e ye~ ab~è& ]lot ~eruo~et }lb } Fgf*D gj jottogfemGiiode~t aebm tudl gxe~b}ogfb a }eb j t& ]le FDG ot bf e|xe~oefd embfm lo`la }~bofem ofmoyomuba bfm ot }g ne }~ut}em }g e|e~dote}bd}odba kum`jef}! dbu}ogf! bfm x~umefde of gxe~b}ogft&,m/ ]le B~j ~eruo~et bmerub}e bu }lg ~o} }g dgfmud} eiied}oyegxe~b }ogft& Tudl bu}l g~o} tlguam dgye~ bd}ogft ofygayof` e f}~bfm teb~dl po}lgu} pb~~bf}! teo{u~e gi pebxgft bfm e|xagtoyet!ute gi ig~de ofdaumof` gxefof` i o~e plef feemem! bfm met}~ud}ogfgi b~jem dbjxt bfm joa o }b~ t}gdct leam n oftu~èf} `~guxt&]le B~j batg ~eruo~et bmerub}e tbieùb~mt b`boft} txu~ogutbfm jg}oyb}em bddutb}ogft gi e|dettet neof` aeyeaem bfm ae`bax~gdeemof`t dgjj efdem b`boft} o }t xe~tgff ea& Tudl bu }lg~ o}bfm ae`ba tbieùb~mt b~e x~gyomem n }le BITXB&,e/ ]le B~j ~edgjj efmem }lb } }le bu}l g~o } bfm tbieùb~mtdgf}bofem of }le BITXB tlguam ig~j }le i~bjepg~c gi bf fepBd} g~ bjefmjef} }g BITXB! plodl }le Dgjjo}}ee jb~edgjjefm&,i/ ]le B~j x~gyome m mb}b bfm eyomefde }g ofmodb}e }lb} o} ot{ebagut bfm mo a oèf} of bmle~of` }g }le ùomea ofet gi }le Tux~ejeDgu~} bfm }le Mg't bfm Mgf'}t ottuem i~gj }le giiode gi }le Dloeigi B~j T}bii& ]le B~j batg ofmodb}em }l b } o} pguam peadgje~edgjjefmb}ogft }g jbce o}t gxe~b}ogfba dgfmud} jg~e}~bftxb~ef} bfm of ceexof` po}l Lujbf ô`l}t t}b}u}et&,`/ O} pbt xgof}em gu } }lb} b dlbfè of }le BITXB g~ o}t~exabdejef} n bfg}le~ bd} pguam lbye bf ojxbd} gf }le tojoab~abpt fgp of ig~de of K)&C&Bttbj ôi aet; ]le Bttbj ôiaet lbt lbm b agf` x~etefde bfmlot}g~ gi gxe~b}ogft of }le Fg~}l*Ebt}& ]le lbye! of ~edef}eb~t! dgje ufme~ ig~ d~o } odotj i~gj doyo a ~ o`l}t g~`bfo{b}ogft bfmg}le ~ `~guxt gf baaeèm e|dettet b`b oft} do}o{eft& ]le Mo~ed}g~


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9=

@efe~ba! Bttbj ôiaet! of b me}boaem x~etef}b}ogf b~ùem ig~ }le~e}ef }ogf gi }le BITXB& Lot bfbatot gi }le to}ub }ogf ! bfm }lefeem ig~ ng}l }le bu}lg~o} }g dgfmud} gxe~b}ogft bfm tbieùb~mtb`boft} o~~etxgftonae ae`ba bd}ogf! pe~e gf }le aofet gi }lgte gi}le B~j&NTI; Of o}t me}boaem x~etef}b}ogf! }le NTI ejxlbto{em }lb} }leB~j bfm g}le~ ig~det gi }le Ufogf gi Ofmob pguam dgf}ofue }g ne~eruo~em }g dgf }bof }le oftu~èfd to}ub }ogf & ]le NTI! aoce }leB~j! jef}ogfem }lb} bf medotogf }g bjefm g~ ~exabde }le bd}pguam lbye bf ojx bd} gf }le abpt pl odl gxe~b}e of K)C& O} batg~edgjjefmem }lb} }le x~ ofdoxae gi 'jofojuj ig~de' tlguam neofdg~xg~b}em bt bf gxe~b}ogfba x~ofdoxae&&Jofot}~ gi Lgje Biibo~t; Of o}t x~etef}b}ogf }g }le Dgjjo}}ee!}le JLB t}b}em }lb} B~jem Ig~det bfm g}le~ ig~det gi }le Def}~epguam ne x~g`~ettoyea po}lm~bpf i~gj }le fg~}l*ebt}! gfde }ledbxbnoao} oet gi }le T}b}e b~jem xgaode b~e ux }g }le ~eruo~emt}bfmb~m t& Uf}o a }lef }le ig~det gxe ~b}of` of }le fg~}l*eb t} poa a~eruo~e ng}l }le bu}lg~o} bfm ae`ba tbieùb~mt x~gyomem of }leBITXB& O} pbt batg t}b}em }lb} }le x~gyotogf gi medab~of` bf b~ebbt b 'mot}u~nem b~eb' ot b fedettb~ gfe&>& M@! D^XI dgfyeem }le o~ ~edgj jefm b}ogft ,Mealo *>2&>&>885/ }lb} }le BITXB tlguam dgf}ofue bt }le~e pbt fg~etxo}e of }le yogaef} bd}oyo} oet gi oftu~èf}t gxe~b}of` of Fg~}l*Ebt}e~f êògf bfm }le~e pbt b tefte gi oftedu~o} of }le jofmtgi }le èfe~ba xunaod& O} ot t}b}em }lb} po}lm~bpba gi BITXB i~gj}le Jufodoxba aojo}t gi Ojxlba of Buùt} >88= lbt ~etua}em ofofd~ebtem ofdomef}t gi yogaefde& ]le~e pe~e ofnuoa} dbu}ogfb~jebtu~et b`boft} jotute gi BITXB n }le Tedu~o} Ig~det of }leùomeaofet ottuem n }le Tux~eje Dgu~} gi Ofmob&


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95

4& ]le @gy}& gi Je`lbabb ofig~je m ,Tloa agf` * 22 &>&>8 85 *Dgx b} Bffe|u~e \ / }lb} }le T}b}e @gy}& lbt fg} efig~dem }lotBd} of Je`lbabb nu} }le Ufogf @gy}& lbt medab~em >8 Coagje}e~tpome nea} ng~me~of` Bttbj bt b .Mot}u~nem B~eb. ufme~ ted}ogf 4gi BITXB&=& ]le T}b}e @gye~fjef} gi Bttbj of} ojb}em ,yome }leo~ ae}}e~mb}em Ien~ub~! >885 * dgx b} B f f e | u ~ e * \ O / }lb} }le ef} o ~eT}b}e gi Bttbj lbt neef medab~em bt b .M ot}u~ne m B~eb.* ufme ~Ted}ogf 4 gi BITXB n }le @gy}& gi Ofmob tofde 2??8& Mu~of`>88=! 4=9 yogaef} ofdomef}t }ggc xabde ~etua}of` of coa a of` gi >8>doyoa obft! 245 e|}~ejot}t bfm >5 TI xe~tgffea bfm 28884! =04 yogaef} ofdomef}t gddu~~em of plodl>98 doyoa obft bfm >09 e|}~ejot}t pe~e coa aem& Bt tudl BITXB~ejboft b d~o } odba ~eruo~ejef} ig~ bu`jef}of` dguf}e~ oftu~èfdgxe~b}ogft ufme~ }le .Ufoi oem Dgjjbfm. of }le T}b}e&

5& ]le Jo{g~bj T}b}e @g y}& lbt of}oj b}e m ,yome ae}}e ~ mb}em2&>&>885 * Dgx b} B f f e | u ~ e * \ O O / }lb} BITXB lbt fg} neefutem ig~ }le abt} }pg medbmet bi}e~ }le Xebde Bddg~m pbt to`femgf 48&9&2?88= mb}em 24&5&>885 * dgx b} B f f e | u ~ e * \ O O O /}lb} }le Bd} tlguam dgf}ofue tg }lb} }le B~jem Ig~det! ofe|e~dote gi xgpe~t x~gyomem ufme~ }le Bd}! dbf meba po}loftu~èfd bfm j bof}bof abp bfm g~me~& B} x~etef} }le mot}~od}tgi ]o~bx bfm Dlbfàbf` bfm >8 CJ pome nea} of B~ufbdlbaX~bmetl ng~me~of` Bttbj lbt neef medab~em bt Mot}u~nem B~ebt


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99

ufme~ }le BITXB& ]le to}ub}ogf of }lete b~ebt ot ~ey oep emxe~ogmodbaa bfm @gy}& gi Ofmob ot e|}efmof` }le Fg}oi odb}ogf po}lp~o} }ef dgftef} gi }le T}b}e @gy}&25& Giiodoba yoept i~gj }le T}b}et gi Jbfoxu~! ]~oxu~b bfmFb`babfm lbye fg} neef ~edeoyem&


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90

XB^]* OYêdgjjefmb} ogft

]le Dgjjo}}ee lbt db~eiua a dgftome~em }le yb~ogut yoept!gxofogft bfm tu`èt}ogft xu} ig~pb~m n }le ~ex~etef}b}oyet gig~`bfotb}ogft bfm ofmoyomubat plg bxxeb~em neig~e o} bt batg }lex~etef}b}ogft bfm ~ex~etef}b}ogft jbme n }le dgfde~femmexb~}jef}t gi }le `gye~fjef}t! tedu~o } bèfdoet bfm g}le~g~`bfotb}ogft bfm ofmoyomubat&>& Ploae meyotof` b tgau}ogf }g }le x~gnaej ~eie~~em }g }le

Dgjjo}}ee! o} lbt }g neb~ of jofm }le igaagpof` }l~ee nbtoddgfmo}ogft yo{&!

GFE * ]le tedu~o} gi }le fb}ogf! plodl ot gi xb~bjguf}ojx g~}bf de & Ted u~o} gi }le fb}ogf ofygayet tedu~o} gi }l e T}b}etbt peaa& ]le ye~ io~t} ef}~ of }le Ufogf Aot} of }le Teyef}lTdlemuae }g }le Dgft}o}u}ogf txebct gi meiefde gi Ofmob bfm eye~xb~} }le~egi plodl jebft bfm ojxaoet }lb} o} ot }le xgpe~ bfmgnao`b}ogf gi }le X~etomef}! }le Xb~aobjef} bfm }le Ufogf@gye~fjef} }g eftu~e }le meiefde gi Ofmob bfm gi eye~ xb~}}le~egi& ]lgu` l xu ~xg~}of` }g ne b moyotogf gi aeòtab}oye xgpe~tne}peef }le Ufogf bfm }le T}b}et! }le Teyef}l Tdlemuae }g }leDgft}o}u}ogf! o} ot peaa bddex}em! mget ~ex~etef} }le moyotogf gixgpe~t ne}pe ef }le Ufogf bfm }le T}b}et& Eyef oi b abp ot fg}jbme ufme~ bfm po}l ~eie~efde }g b xb~}oduab~ ef}~ aeòtab}oyelebm! }le e|edu}oye xgpe~ pguam t}o a a ne byboabnae ufme~ }lb}ef }~& Aot}t*O bfm OO te} gu} }le aeòtab}oye lebmt xgpe~t gi }leUfogf bfm }le T}b}et ~etxed}oyea ploae Aot}*Oa a te}t gu} }leaeòtab}oye lebmt! po}l ~eie~efde }g plodl ng}l }le Xb~aobjef}bfm }le T}b}e Aeòtab}u~et dbf jbce abpt! tunked}! gi dgu~te! }g


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95= & Ig~ eft u~of` }le meiefde gi Ofmob bfm gi o}t eye~ x b~ }! }leXb~a objef} dbf jbce tudl abp bfm g~ }le Ufogf `gye~fjef}dbf }bce tudl e|edu}oye bd}ogf! bt jb ne igufm fedettb~ g~x~gxe~& Tgje gi }le pbt of plodl }le Ufogf `gy e~f j ef }xe~ig~jt }le tbom gnao`b}ogf b~e jef}ogfem of B~}odaet 45> }g459! ,bt xgof}em gu } of Dlbx}e~ O O gi Xb~} O O g i }lot êxg ~}&B~}odae 455! plodl xabdet bf gnao`b}ogf uxgf }le Ufogf }g x~g}ed}eye~ T}b}e b`boft} e|}e~fba b``~ettogf bfm of}e~fba mot}u~nbfdebfm batg }g eftu~e }lb} }le @gye~fjef} gi eye~ T}b}e ot db~~oemgf of bddg~mbfde po}l }le x~gyotogft gi }lot Dgft}o}u}ogf! lbt batgneef ~eie~~em }g b} tgje aef`}l of }le tbom xb~} gi }lot êxg~}/&O} ot fedettb~ }g dab~oi }lb} }le Dgft}o}u}ogf mget fg}dgf}ejxab}e }lb} }le gnao`b}ogf }g x~g}ed} }le T}b}et of }le Ufogftlbaa ne db~~oem gu} n }le Ufogf @gye~fjef} gfa n ofygcof`B~}odae 45> ,e| }e~f ba b``~ettogf g~ of}e~fba ~e neaaogf/ g ~ B~}odae459 ,}g eftu~e }lb} }le `gye~fjef} gi eye~ T}b}e ot db~~oem gfof bddg~mbfde po}l }le x~gyotogft gi }le Dgft}o}u}ogf/3 }le tbomgnao`b}ogf dbf ne xe~ig~jem of tudl jbffe~ bt jb ne igufmbxx~gx~ob}e! po}lgu} gi dgu~te yogab}of` }le txo~ o } bfm ae}}e~ gi }leDg ft}o}u}ogf & Fgp! dgjof` }g B~}odae 455! o} jb ne ~eo}e~b}em}lb} }le gnao`b}ogf d~eb}em n B~}odae 455 ofdaumet }le mu} }gx~g}ed} eye~ T}b}e b`boft} of}e~fba mot}u~nbfde bt peaa&.Of}e~fba mot}u~nbfde.! bt xgof}em of Xb~} OO gi }lot êxg~}!~ex~etef}t b ye~

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE TO REVIEW THE ARMED FORCES (SPECIAL POWERS) ACT, 1958

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Transcript of REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE TO REVIEW THE ARMED FORCES (SPECIAL POWERS) ACT, 1958