Report emt

24
TITLE OF THE PROJECT FINAL REPORT BEB 20303 ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND WAVES. Session: 2014/2015 Semester 2 Section: No . Name Matric No. 1. Choong Jia Junn AE120207 2. Nor Nathasha Binti Noor Azhar CE120321 3. Abu Zharr Bin Abd Ghani CE120161 4. Nurul Hidayah Binti Rosli CE120049 5. Rosmawati Binti Aminuddin CE110014 LIST OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction 4 1.1 Project Background 4 1.2 Project Objective

Transcript of Report emt

TITLE OF THE PROJECT

FINAL REPORTBEB 20303ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND WAVES.Session: 2014/2015 Semester 2Section:

No. Name Matric No.1. Choong Jia Junn AE1202072. Nor Nathasha Binti Noor Azhar CE1203213. Abu Zharr Bin Abd Ghani CE1201614. Nurul Hidayah Binti Rosli CE1200495. Rosmawati Binti Aminuddin CE110014

LIST OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1 Introduction 4

1.1 Project Background 41.2 Project Objective 41.3 Project Scope 41.4 Project Team Organisation Chart 5

1.5 Specific Task Delegation 71.6 Project Schedule/Gantt Chart 8

Chapter 2 Methodology 9

2.1 Project Flow Chart 92.2 Project Methodology (Powtoon Software) 102.3 Theory 10

2.3.1 Coulomb’s Law 102.3.2 Conditions for validity 112.3.3 Description 122.3.4 Coulomb’s Law and Calculating the force’s magnitude 12

2.4 Software For Animation 132.4.1 Powtoon video software 132.4.2 History of Powtoon software 132.4.3 Application inside Powtoon software 13

Chapter 3 Project Development

3.1 Storyboard 153.2 Project 183.3 Benefits to the user 20Chapter 4 Cost Evaluation and Industrial Requirement 22

4.1 Cost Evaluation 224.1.1 Bills Of Materials 224.1.2 Development Cost 22

4.2 Industrial Requirement 234.2.1 Executive 234.2.1.1 Benchmarking of Product Specification

with Existing Product 234.2.1.2 Price Competitiveness 234.2.1.3 Identification of Industrial Needs, Market

Sizes and Customer Demand 24

4.2.2 Entry Barriers and Commercialisation Risk 25

Chapter 5 Project Summary 27

References 27

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background Project

According to coulomb's law, any two points charged object will create a force on each other. Charges with

same sign (negative and negative or positive and positive) will make both of them produce a repulsive

force while charges with opposite sign (negative and positive) will make them produce an attractive force.

It also stated that the greater the charges, the force produce will be greater while if the distance between

two charged was greater, the force produce is smaller. If there are more than two charges present, then the

force on any one charge must be found by adding the forces found by Coulomb's law between each pair

of charges.

Coulomb's law states that:The magnitude of the electrostatic force of interaction between two

point charges is directly proportional to the scalar multiplication of the magnitudes of charges and

inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. The force is along the straight line

joining them. If the two charges have the same sign, the electrostatic force between them is repulsive; if

they have different sign, the force between them is attractive .

1.2 Project Objective

Our project are using Coulomb’s Law, in this project we should be able

1.2.1 To demonstrate that two like charges is repel one another whereas two charges of

opposite polarity attract.

1.2.2 To prove the equation of Coulomb’s Law.

1.3 Project Scope

In this project we are using Pow toon software for our video animated. We are using Pow toon because

the software is a simple and easy. This video are related to the force between two charge in Coulombs

Law and it is simple and easy to understand. The target for this video are student itself and the people who

takes this courses.

1.4 Team Members Introduction

1.5 Task Delegation

Task Person in charge

Proposal Abu Zarr bin Abd Ghani

Choong Jia Jun

Nor Nathasha binti Noor Azhar

Nurul Hidayah binti Rosli

Rosmawati binti Aminuddin

Report

Nor Nathasha binti Noor AzharChapter 1

Introduction

Chapter 2

Methodology

• Project Flow Chart/ Block

Diagram

Nurul Hidayah binti Rosli

• Project Methodology

• Theory

• Software for animation

Chapter 3

Project Development Abu Zarr bin Abd Ghani

Chapter 4

Cost Evaluation and Industrial

Requirement

Choong Jia Jun

Chapter 5

Summary Rosmawati binti Aminuddin

Video animation Nor Nathasha binti Noor Azhar

Abu Zarr bin Abd Ghani

1.6 Project planning and scheduling

1.6.1 Gantt Chart For Project Emt

Activities Weeks1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1 Meeting with lecturer• Confirmation

of project title• Discuss about

project proposal

2 Project proposal preparation

3 Proposal submission4 Material &

component preparation

5 Development process• Hardware

development• Software

development6 Troubleshoot &

testing7 Presentation of

project8 Submission of project

final report

CHAPTER 2

FORCE BETWEEN TWO CHARGE

2.1 Project Flowchart

NO

YES

Figure 2.1: Flowchart of software project animation

2.2 Project Methodology (Powtoon Software)

In the figure 2.1 show the flowchart of the project using Powtoon software. Firstly what step that need to

do is,Powtoon software have been install in order to make project video and then icon software button

was click in order to start to design the project item inside the video. In the project topic given is force

between two charges. The positive and negative charges was created inside the software and it determine

the charges as female in negative charge part and as male in positive charge part.

On the other hand after the charges was create , then start to analyze their pair in different

situation. In description which is in given situation when the charges is pair with the same polarity for

example the negative charge pair with negative charge , they will attract each other ,while the same likely

charge will attract each others. So ,in this software animation if the female meet the male, they will attract

each other and if the male meet with male, it will repel each other.

2.3 Theory

In the 18th century, Charles Coulomb uncovered the secrets of electrostatic force between charged

particles. The results of his experiments led to what is now known as Coulomb's Law which is how force,

charge, and distance are all related.

2.3.1 Coulomb’s Law

In the 18th century, it was well known that an electrically charged particle would exert a force on any

other charged particle. The problem was no one knew how strong the force was or what factors affected

its strength. That is, until one scientist by the name of Charles Coulomb conducted several experiments

that led him to propose what is now known as Coulomb's law. Charles Coulomb found that the force

between charged particles was dependent on only two factors which is the distance between the particles

and the amount of electric charge that they carried[2].

Coulomb’s Law state that the magnitude of the electrostatic force of interaction between two

point charges is directly proportional to the scalar multiplication of the magnitudes of charges and

inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. The force is along the straight line

joining them. If the two charges have the same sign, the electrostatic force between them is repulsive, if

they have different sign, the force between them is attractive[4].

Figure 2.2 : The direction of force between to charges

In the figure 2.2 state that the vector   is the force experienced by  , and the vector   is the

force experienced by  . When   the forces are repulsive (as in the image) and when   

the forces are attractive (opposite to the image). The magnitude of the forces will always be equal.

Coulomb's law can also be stated as a simple mathematical expression.

The scalar and vector forms of the mathematical equation are;

 and   

Figure 2.3 : The mathematical expression in Coulomb's law

Where ke is Coulomb's constant  ke =( 8.987 x 10^9 Nm^2.c^-2), q1 and q2 are the signed

magnitudes of the charges, the scalar r is the distance between the charges, the

vector    is the vectorial distance between the charges, and   (a

unit vector pointing from q2 to q1). The vector form of the equation calculates the force F1 applied

on q1 by q2. If r12 is used instead, then the effect on q2 can be found. It can be also calculated

using Newton's third law:  F2=-F1.

Electromagnetic theory is usually expressed using the standard SI units. Force is measured

in newtons, charge in coulombs, and distance in meters. Coulomb's constant is given by  .

The constant   is the permittivity of free space in C2 m−2 N−1. And   is the relative permittivity of the

material in which the charges are immersed, and is dimensionless[3].

2.3.2 Conditions for Validity

There are three conditions to be fulfilled for the validity of Coulomb’s law:

• The charges considered must be point charges.

• They should be stationary with respect to each other.

• The two point charges should be placed in a single medium.

2.3.3 Description

The force between charged particles is directly related to the amount of charge carried by each particle.

Aside from negative and positive charged, most charged particles carry a variable amount of charge. For

example given situation someone was rubbing a balloon on their hair, the balloon will pick up negative

charges from their hair and begin to act like one big charged particle. The amount of charge on the

balloon will depend on how long she or he rubs it on their hair. Now if she or he repeats this experiment

with a second balloon, the two will try to repel each other, and the strength of that repelling force will

depend on how much charge each balloon picked up from their hair.

In this Coulomb's equation, we can see that the amounts of charge carried by each balloon are

represented by the terms q1 and q2. To allow us to focus on the relationship between the force and the

charges, the equation is given as below. In this part of the equation tells us is that the force is directly

related to the product of the two charges. In other words, if the product of the charges increases, then the

force will also increase.

2.3.4 Coulomb’s Law and Calculating the Force’s Magnitude

Charles A. de Coulomb came up with a math model for describing the magnitude of the force of

attraction between any two charges. The equation he came up with is referred to as Coulomb's Law and is

shown below.

Figure 2.4 : The equation in Coulomb's law to calculate the force between two charges

k = Coulomb’s constant = 8.99x10^9 Nm²/C²

q1= Magnitude of one particle’s charge in Coulomb’s(C)

q2= Magnitude of other particle’s charge in Coulomb’s(C)

r = Distance between the particle (m)

2.4 Software for Animation

2.4.1 Powtoon Video Software

PowToon is a company which sells cloud-based software for creating animated presentations and

animated explainer videos. The interesting part of this software is, it free for animation software

presentation tool that can be used by student or lecturer to create video or exciting presentation by

manipulating pre-created object, imported images, .provided music and user created voice overs.

Furthermore, this software using an Adobe Flex engine to generate an XML file that can be generate the

Powtoon online viewer and exported to the YouTube or it can be download as an MP4 file[5].

2.4.2 History of Powtoon Software

PowToon was founded in January 2012. The company released a beta version in August 2012 and has

seen fast subscriber growth since. In December 2012 PowToon secured $600,000 investment from LA

based Venture Capital firm Startup Minds. In February 2013 PowToon introduced a free account option

allowing users to create animated videos that can be exported to YouTube.

2.4.3 Application Inside Powtoon Software

PowToon loads up in the website with a set of pre-made styles and formats for create the movie or

presentation. Beside that if the presenter want to create their own images, he or she only need to upload

them to a server such as imgur.com. To start design the video, the easy step is just simply drag and drops

the characters to the movie area and adds text. In addition this software is able to export the straight to

YouTube, no hassle and no fuss. If the presenter need a voice over or background music for the video,

there’s a marketplace where he or she can source great extras at affordable prices. Figure below is

example of the tools that have inside the software[6].

Figure 2.5: Example of female icon with their text that need help

Figure 2.6: Example of female and male icon with their text and image to promote their product

CHAPTER 3

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT

This slide show the Force from the Coulomb’s Law which is created between two charges either

in same polarity or different polarity. The formula for the Force is .

This slide shows from the formula given (), F is represents for resulting force between two

charges. K is for coulomb constant which is equal to 9x109 N (m2/c2) while Q1 and Q2 is the value for the

amount of charge for each particles and R is represents the distance between two charges.

This slide shows simple concept for more understanding about Force. Positive charge is represent

by male while positive charge is represent for female.

These slide shows the opposite gender will attract each other while for same gender; it will push

away each other. Similar also with the concept of the force between two charges such as one positive and

one negative or vice versa move towards each other. Meanwhile, for two positive or two negative push

away from each other.

These slides show the example of different polarity of two charges. When positive charge move

directly towards negative charge, a Force was create. This force can be representing by F 12. F stand by

Force, 1 is representing the location of the Force and 2 are representing by the cause of the Force. This

also vice versa with Force that created at negative charge (F21).

This is an example of different polarity of two charges. Force at charge positive and negative can

be calculated by using formula, (). Assume positive charge, Q1 is 1C while for negative charge, Q2 is -1C.

The distance between two charges, R is 1m. by substitute the value given into the formula, we can get F=

9x109N.

These slides show the example of same polarity of two charges. When both of positive charges

meet up, it will move away from each other. A Force was creating. This force can be representing by F 12.

Forces are created at Q1 due to charges in Q2.

This is an example of same polarity of two charges. Force at both positive charges can be

calculated by using formula, (). Assume positive charge, Q1 is 6µC while for another positive charge, Q2

is 14µC. The distance between two charges, R is 10cm. By substitute the value given into the formula, we

can get F= 75.6N.

CHAPTER 4

COST EVALUATION AND INDUSTRIAL REQUIREMENT

4.1 Cost Evaluation

4.1.1 Bills of Materials

Items Cost (RM)

Powtoon software (license) 300Photoshop (License) 400Computer 2,000Storyboarding paper template 20Drawing tools 50Total 2,770

March (RM)

April (RM)

May (RM)

June (RM)

July (RM)

Total (RM)

Marketing Cost• Advertisement• Social media

5,000 4,500 4,000 4,500 4,500 22,500

Operating Cost• Electricity• Water• Telephone• Transportation

1,000 2,000 1,500 2,000 1,400 7,900

Product Design• Design

software• Multimedia

software

500 500 500 500 500 3,500

Total (RM) 6,500 7,000 6,200 7,000 6,400 33,900

• Development Cost

4.2 Industrial Requirement

4.2.1 Executive Summary

4.2.1.1 Benchmarking of Product Specification with Existing Product

4.2.1.2 Price Competitiveness

As our product using the Powtoon software, which has the cheapest price among the software in

the market. Our animation production fees become much cheaper as compare with other product. This

had made our product able to compete with other high standard product. With lower budget, we can create

a same standard product with other advance company.

4.2.1.3 Identification of Industrial Needs, Market Sizes and Customer Demand

The animation product play an important role in different kinds of industries for presentation, teaching purposes, entertainment, communicating tools and so on. As our product title implies “Force between Two Points” our product will be suitable for education field. The lecturing process in teaching academic such as secondary school, college and university will becomes much more easier as our product explain the theory behind the forces between two points.

Besides, engineers can explain the theory to their superiors who usually have less knowledge about the physics filed. By using our product, everything becomes more interesting

and understandable. Next, our product can be used as an entertainment tools for children under age of 6. With interesting animated images, they not only will attract by the animation, but also understand about the theory of forces between two points.

4.2.2 Entry Barriers and Commercialisation Risk

Brand loyalty may become one of the entry barriers for our product. As some of the products have already

been used by the users for so many years, it is difficult for them to change into a new product. As such,

we will face difficulty to compete with them. We may need to invest a lots of money in advertising our

products.

Besides, our company scale is much smaller compare to others company. They have more money

to invest into their product compare to our company. They can keep on upgrading their products and

attract their customers. Since we are new company, we may need some time to bring our products to the

market. Customers need time to get to know our product. Many money need to be invested in mass media

for advertisement such as the social network, newspaper, television and broadcasting FM.

Next, we may have the patent and copyright issues for our product. Since our product is about

animation, many companies may have the same products elements with us. Those companies may use this

opportunities to eliminate their competitors by file a court case to us.

CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY

The Coulomb's Law is one of the basic ideas of electricity in physics. The law looks at the forces created

between two charged objects. As distance increases, the forces and electric fields decrease. This simple

idea was converted into a relatively simple formula. The force between the objects can be positive or

negative depending on whether the objects are attracted to each other or repelled. We can think about a

few concepts related to some point charge and how the charges can attracted to each other. Positive and

negative charges like to move towards each other. Similar charges such as two positive or two negative

push away from each other.

The objectives of this projects are to demonstrate that two like charges is repel one another

whereas two charges of opposite polarity attract and to prove the equation of Coulomb’s Law. In this

project, the Pow toon software is used to created the video animated. This software is simple and easy to

uses to created the video.

The video animated in this project show the Force from the Coulomb’s Law which is created

between two charges either in same polarity or different polarity. As an example; the opposite gender will

attract each other while for same gender; it will push away each other. Similar also with the concept of the

force between two charges such as one positive and one negative or vice versa move towards each other.

Meanwhile, for two positive or two negative push away from each other. The formula to calculate the

force is F= (|kQ1Q2|)/R^2 ), F represents for resulting force between two charges. K is for coulomb

constant which is equal to 9x109 N (m2/c2) while Q1 and Q2 are the value for the amount of charge for

each particle and R represents the distance between two charges.

For the estimation cost, our product using the Powtoon software, which has the cheapest price

among the software in the market. Our animation production fees become much cheaper as compare with

other product. This had made our product able to compete with other high standard product. With a lower

budget, we can create a same standard product with other advance company.

REFERENCES

[1] In Coulomb (1785a) "Premier mémoire sur l’électricité et le magnétisme," Histoire de l’Académie Royale des Sciences, pages 569-611.

[2] Wikipedia, Coulomb's Law, March 26, 2015. [Online]. Available : http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb's_law#cite_note-1785a-12.

[3] Jim Heald (Coulomb's Law: Variables Affecting the Force Between Two Charged Particle http://study.com/academy/lesson/coulombs-law-variables-affecting-the-force-between-two-charged-particles.html.

[4] Coulomb, Charles Augustin (1788) [1785]. "Premier mémoire sur l’électricité et le magnétisme". Histoire de l’Académie Royale des Sciences. Imprimerie Royale. pp. 569–577.

[5] Perez, Sarah. TechCrunch, June 26th, 2012, "Now Everyone Can Make Marketing Videos: PowToon Launches DIY Presentation Tool.

[6] Perez, Sarah, TechCrunch , Dec 14, 1212, "DIY Animation Platform PowToon Grabs $600K For Its Video Creation Software".

[7] William H. Hayt, JR., John A. Buck. Engineering Electromagnetics. 8th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2012.