1

Report

Climate Compatible Development Lessons from MozambiqueDr Luis Artur, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane (UEM), Maputo, Felizberto Afonso and Liz Mangoele, Ministry of Land, Environment and Rural Development (MITADER), ŶƚŽŶŝŽĞůĞnjĂEĂƟŽŶĂůŝŶƐƟƚƵƚĞŽĨŝƐĂƐƚĞƌDĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ;/E'ͿĂŶĚEĂĚŝĂĚƌŝĂŽDŝŶŝƐƚƌLJŽĨĐŽŶŽŵLJĂŶĚ&ŝŶĂŶĐĞ;D&Ϳ'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĨDŽnjĂŵďŝƋƵĞ

March 2015

ĞŶƚƌĞĨŽƌ/ŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚΘdƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ;/dͿhŶŝǀĞƌƐŝƚLJŽĨtŽůǀĞƌŚĂŵƉƚŽŶdĞůĨŽƌĚĂŵƉƵƐdĞůĨŽƌĚ^ŚƌŽƉƐŚŝƌĞd&ϮϵEd h< dĞůнϰϰ;ϬͿϭϵϬϮϯϮϯϮϭϵŵĂŝůĐŝĚƚΛǁůǀ ĂĐƵŬtĞďǁǁǁĐŝĚƚŽƌŐƵŬ

2 3

DISCLAIMER

This document is an output from a project funded by the UK Department for International

Development (DFID) and the Netherlands Directorate-General for International Cooperation (DGIS)

MVY[OLILULÄ[VMKL]LSVWPUNJV\U[YPLZ/V^L]LY[OL]PL^ZL_WYLZZLKHUKPUMVYTH[PVUJVU[HPULKPUP[HYLUV[ULJLZZHYPS`[OVZLVMVYLUKVYZLKI`+-0+VY+.0:;OPZW\ISPJH[PVUOHZILLUWYLWHYLKMVYNLULYHSN\PKHUJLVUTH[[LYZVMPU[LYLZ[VUS HUKKVLZUV[JVUZ[P[\[LWYVMLZZPVUHSHK]PJL@V\ZOV\SKUV[HJ[\WVU[OLPUMVYTH[PVUJVU[HPULKPU[OPZW\ISPJH[PVU^P[OV\[VI[HPUPUNZWLJPÄJWYVMLZZPVUHSHK]PJL5VYLWYLZLU[H[PVUVY^HYYHU[`L_WYLZZVYPTWSPLKPZNP]LUHZ[V[OLHJJ\YHJ`VYJVTWSL[LULZZVM[OLPUMVYTH[PVUJVU[HPULKPU[OPZW\ISPJH[PVUHUK[V[OLL_[LU[WLYTP[[LKI`SH [OLLU[P[PLZTHUHNPUN[OLKLSP]LY`VM[OL*SPTH[LHUK+L]LSVWTLU[2UV^SLKNL5L[^VYRKVUV[HJJLW[VYHZZ\TLHU`SPHIPSP[ YLZWVUZPIPSP[`VYK\[`VMJHYLMVYHU`JVUZLX\LUJLZVM`V\VYHU`VULLSZLHJ[PUNVYYLMYHPUPUN[VHJ[PUYLSPHUJLVU[OLPUMVYTH[PVUJVU[HPULKPU[OPZW\ISPJH[PVUVYMVYHU`KLJPZPVUIHZLKVUP[4HUHNLTLU[VM[OLKLSP]LY`VM*+25PZ\UKLY[HRLUby 7YPJL^H[LYOV\ZL*VVWLYZ337HUKHUHSSPHUJLVMVYNHUPZH[PVUZPUJS\KPUNFundación Futuro

3H[PUVHTLYPJHUVINTRAC3,(+0U[LYUH[PVUHS[OLOverseas Development InstituteHUKSouth

South North

ExecutiveSummary

4 5

0U1\S`[OL*SPTH[LHUK+L]LSVWTLU[2UV^SLKNL5L[^VYR*+25PUWHY[ULYZOPW^P[O[OL*LU[YLMVY0U[LYUH[PVUHS+L]LSVWTLU[HUK;YHPUPUN*0+;H[[OL>VS]LYOHTW[VU<UP]LYZP[`VM<2PUP[PH[LKH3LZZVU3LHYUPUN7YVQLJ[337VUJSPTH[LJVTWH[PISLKL]LSVWTLU[**+;OLTHPUNVHS^HZ[VJHW[\YLZ`U[OLZPZLHUKZOHYLJV\U[Y`ZVS\[PVUZHUKILZ[WYHJ[PJLLTLYNPUNMYVTUH[PVUHSSL]LSJSPTH[LJVTWH[PISLWSHUUPUNPUselected countries in Africa in order to support

SLHYUPUNWVSPJ`KL]LSVWTLU[HUKWVZZPISLYLWSPJH[PVUVMLɈVY[ZHTVUNWHY[PJPWH[PUNHUKV[OLYJV\U[YPLZ;OLWYVQLJ[PZILPUNPTWSLTLU[LKPU4VaHTIPX\L2LU`H,[OPVWPHHUK9^HUKH;OLJ\YYLU[YLWVY[WYLZLU[ZRL`SLZZVUZSLHYULKPUPTWSLTLU[PUN**+PU4VaHTIPX\L

0U4VaHTIPX\L[OLSLHYUPUNWYVJLZZ^HZQVPU[S`KL]LSVWLKI`[OL4PUPZ[Y`MVY*VVYKPUH[PVUVM,U]PYVUTLU[(ɈHPYZ40*6([OL4PUPZ[Y`VM7SHUUPUNHUK+L]LSVWTLU[47+[OL5H[PVUHS0UZ[P[\[LMVY+PZHZ[LY4HUHNLTLU[05.*HUK[OL3LZZVU3LHYUPUN3LHKLY^OVPZIHZLKH[[OL,K\HYKV4VUKSHUL<UP]LYZP[`<,4PU4HW\[V;OLTL[OVKVSVN`\ZLKMVYKH[HNH[OLYPUNHUKHUHS`ZPZPUJS\KLKHUPUJLW[PVU^VYRZOVWPU1\S`PU5HPYVIP2LU`HH[[LUKLKI`HSS[OLJV\U[YPLZPU]VS]LK*+25HUK*0+;;OPZ^VYRZOVWOLSWLK[VPKLU[PM`[OLMV\YSLHYUPUN[OLTLZWVSPJPLZHUKZ[YH[LNPLZVU**+"PUZ[P[\[PVUHSHYYHUNLTLU[ZHUKJVVYKPUH[PVU"WSHUUPUNHUKI\KNL[PUNHUKRUV^SLKNLIHZLKWSHUUPUN;OL^VYRZOVW^HZMVSSV^LKI`PUJV\U[Y`PKLU[PÄJH[PVUVMRL`Z[HRLOVSKLYZHUKPU[LY]PL^ZHSP[LYH[\YLYL]PL MVJ\ZNYV\WKPZJ\ZZPVUZHUKH]HSPKH[PVU^VYRZOVWH[[LUKLKI`UH[PVUHSHJ[VYZMYVTNV]LYUTLU[*P]PS:VJPL[`6YNHUPaH[PVUZ[OLWYP]H[LZLJ[VY<5HNLUJPLZHUKKVUVYZ0[^HZHSZVH[[LUKLKI`HYLWYLZLU[H[P]LMYVT*0+;-VSSV^PUN[OPZ[OLYLWVY[^LU[[OYV\NOHYL]PL^WYVJLZZPU]VS]PUNRL`Z[HRLOVSKLYZPU4VaHTIPX\L*+25HUK*0+;

The following are the key drivers and IHYYPLYZPKLU[PÄLKPU4VaHTIPX\LMVY[OLJV\U[Y`[VW\YZ\L**+

THE CCD POLICY LANDSCAPE

Key drivers6]LY[OLSHZ[[^VKLJHKLZVWPUPVUZHTVUNZ[WVSPJ`THRLYZOH]LJOHUNLK[V[YPNNLY[OLJV\U[Y`»ZLUNHNLTLU[PUJSPTH[LJOHUNLWVSPJ`KL]LSVWTLU[;OPZOHZVJJ\YYLKbecause of incentives to join international

JVU]LU[PVUZHUKILPUNW\ZOLKI`M\UKPUNdonors and civil society in the aftermath of

KPZHZ[LYZZ\JOHZ[OLÅVVKPUNVMHUK"[OLJ`JSVULZVMHUK[OLKYV\NO[VMHUK:\JOPZ[OLZ[YLUN[OVM.V]LYUTLU[JVTTP[TLU[[OH[V]LY[OPZWLYPVK4VaHTIPX\LOHZWYVK\JLKVUH]LYHNLHIV\[[^VYLN\SH[VY`WVSPJ`MYHTL^VYRZVULU]PYVUTLU[HUKJSPTH[LJOHUNLWLY`LHY

;OPZOHZILLUHNVVKKYP]LYMVY**+-VYL_HTWSL[OPZWVSPJ`SHUKZJHWLYLZ\S[LKPUHUPUJYLHZLPU[OLZPaLVMWYV[LJ[LKHYLHZ[VHIV\[TVYL[OHU[^PJL[OLPU[LYUH[PVUHSYLX\PYLTLU[VMH[SLHZ[VM[OLJV\U[Y`HUL_WHUZPVUPU[OL\ZLVMYLUL^HISLLULYN`HUKHYLK\J[PVUPU[OL\ZLVMKPLZLSMVYLULYN`WYVK\J[PVU

Key barriers+LZWP[L[OLHJOPL]LTLU[ZTLU[PVULKHIV]LRL`SPTP[H[PVUZZ[PSSYLTHPU[OH[PUJS\KLHULLKMVYHOHYTVUPaH[PVUVM[OLWVSPJ`MYHTL^VYRZ[OLKPZZLTPUH[PVUHUKLTILKKPUNVM[OLZLWVSPJ`MYHTL^VYRZPUHKLJLU[YHSPZLK^H`UH[PVU^PKLHUKM\UKPUNHUKO\THUJHWHJP[`[VPTWSLTLU[**+;OLYLPZHSZVHULLK[VL_WHUK[OL\ZLVMJSPTH[LJOHUNLRUV^SLKNLPUWSHUUPUNHUKI\KNL[PUNWYVJLZZLZ(KKLK[V[OPZILJH\ZL[OLYLPZ`L[UV4 ,Z`Z[LTVUJSPTH[LJOHUNL[OLLɈLJ[P]LULZZVM[OLZWLUKPUNPZHSZVZ[PSS\UJSLHY

INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT, COORDINATION AND LEADERSHIP

Key drivers0U4VaHTIPX\LWYLZZ\YLMYVTUH[PVUHSJP]PSZVJPL[`[VYLK\JLSVZZVMSPMLHUKKHTHNLPUPUMYHZ[Y\J[\YLJVTIPULK^P[OH]HPSHIPSP[`VMPU[LYUH[PVUHSM\UKPUNOH]LSLK[VPUJYLHZLKH[[LU[PVUVULU]PYVUTLU[JSPTH[LJOHUNLHUKKPZHZ[LYYPZRYLK\J[PVU0U[\YU[OPZOHZKYP]LU[OLPUZ[P[\[PVUHSHNLUKH;OLPUZ[P[\[PVUHSHYYHUNLTLU[MVYJSPTH[LJVTWH[PISLdevelopment has been established and is

^LSSLTILKKLK0UWHY[PJ\SHY40*6(PZ[OLSLHKPUNPUZ[P[\[PVUVULU]PYVUTLU[HUKJSPTH[LJOHUNLPU4VaHTIPX\LHUKPZTHUKH[LK[VJVVYKPUH[L[OLZLPZZ\LZHJYVZZ[OLJV\U[Y (UK^P[OYLZWLJ[[VM\UKPUNHYYHUNLTLU[ZMVYLU]PYVUTLU[HUKJSPTH[LJOHUNL[OLZLare overseen by the National Fund for the

,U]PYVUTLU[-<5()HUH\[VUVTV\ZPUZ[P[\[PVUH[40*6(-<5()PZHSZV[OLKLZPNUH[LK5H[PVUHS0TWSLTLU[PUN,U[P[`50,MVY[OL<5-***(KHW[H[PVU-\UK0U[OL.V]LYUTLU[HWWYV]LK[OL5H[PVUHS:[YH[LN`MVY(KHW[H[PVUHUK4P[PNH[PVU[V*SPTH[L*OHUNL,5(44*<UKLY[OPZZ[YH[LN`UL^units have been proposed and have been

ZHUJ[PVULKVYHYLPU[OLWYVJLZZVMILPUNLZ[HISPZOLK;OLYLPZ[OL*SPTH[L*OHUNL<UP[<4*JYLH[LKH[[OLHSYLHK`L_PZ[PUNNational Council for Sustainable Development

*65+,:»Z:LJYL[HYPH[H[40*6(;VM\SÄS40*6(»ZM\UJ[PVUHZ[OLJVVYKPUH[VYVMJSPTH[LJOHUNLPZZ\LZ[OL<4*PZJOHYNLKZWLJPÄJHSS`^P[O[OPZYLTP[;OL<4*PZ[LJOUPJHSS`HK]PZLKI`HUPU[LYTPUPZ[LYPHSNYV\WJHSSLK[OL0U[LY0UZ[P[\[PVUHS.YV\WMVY*SPTH[L*OHUNL.004*I`[OL*65+,:[LJOUPJHSNYV\WI`the Disaster Reduction Technical Group (at

05.*HUKI`[OL*LU[YLMVY[OL4HUHNLTLU[VM*SPTH[L*OHUNL2UV^SLKNL*.*4*^OPJOPZIHZLKPU[OL4PUPZ[Y`VM:JPLUJLHUK;LJOUVSVN ;OL<4*JVVYKPUH[LZHUKMHJPSP[H[LZPU[LYPUZ[P[\[PVUHSSPURHNLZWYLWHYLZHUU\HSWYVNYHTTLZHUK^VYRWSHUZTVUP[VYZ[OLPTWSLTLU[H[PVUVM[OL,5(44*HUKNP]LZ[LJOUPJHSHK]PJL[VTPUPZ[YPLZVUJSPTH[LJOHUNLWYVQLJ[ZHUKWYVNYHTTLZ

Key barriers*SPTH[LJOHUNLPU[LY]LU[PVUZPU4VaHTIPX\L[HRLLP[OLY[OL+99HWWYVHJO^OPJOPZSLKI`05.*VY[OLLU]PYVUTLU[HSHWWYVHJOW\YZ\LKI`40*6(;OPZZLWHYH[PVUOHZSVJHSYLJVNUP[PVUHUKPZM\Y[OLYLTILKKLKI`[^VKPɈLYLU[HNLUJPLZ[HRPUN[OLSLHKVULMVYLP[OLYHWWYVHJO>OPSLIV[OHWWYVHJOLZcan be complementary and supportive

VMJSPTH[LJVTWH[PISLKL]LSVWTLU[SP[[SLHY[PJ\SH[PVUVM[OLSPURZIL[^LLU[OLTPUVYKLYto avoid duplication has been observed in

[OLWYLZLU[KH`ZL[[PUN;OLHWWYVHJOLZHWWLHY[VIYPUNKPɈLYLU[JVTTHUKSPULZ[OH[SHYNLS`KVUV[LUNHNL^P[OLHJOV[OLYHUK[OPZOHZSLK[V^LHRJVVYKPUH[PVU)LZPKLZ[OH[[OLYLZLHYJOOHZMV\UK[OH[YLZV\YJLSPTP[H[PVUZJVTWL[P[PVUIL[^LLUPUZ[P[\[PVUZZ[HɈ[\YUV]LYHUKSHJRVMO\THUYLZV\YJLJHWHJP[ SPTP[LKWHY[PJPWH[PVUVMJP]PSZVJPL[`HUKVM[OLWYP]H[LZLJ[VYHZ^LSSHZ[OLSPTP[LKKLJLU[YHSPaH[PVUVMWV^LYHYLHSSIHYYPLYZ\UKLYTPUPUNPUZ[P[\[PVUHSHYYHUNLTLU[ZJVVYKPUH[PVUHUKSLHKLYZOPWMVY**+/LUJL[OLZLHYLRL`PZZ\LZ[OH[ULLK[VILHKKYLZZLKMVYLɈLJ[P]L**+PU4VaHTIPX\L(S[OV\NOUL^PUZ[P[\[PVUZZ\JOHZ[OL<4*OH]LILLULZ[HISPZOLK[OL`HYL`L[[VTH[\YLHUKOH]LMHY[VNV[VV]LYJVTL[OLZLIHYYPLYZ

0THNL!<U[P[SLKI`Rosino is licensed under **)@

6 7

PLANNING AND BUDGETING MECHANISMS

Key drivers;OLWSHUUPUNHUKI\KNL[PUNZ`Z[LTPZ^LSSLZ[HISPZOLKPU4VaHTIPX\LHUKK\L[VWYLZZ\YLMYVT[OLKVUVYJVTT\UP[ RLLU[VZLL.V]LYUTLU[VM4VaHTIPX\L.V4JVTTP[TLU[[VJSPTH[LJOHUNLP[OHZZWHJLMVYJSPTH[LJVUZPKLYH[PVUZ^P[OPUP[;OPZOHZILLUIHJRLK\W^P[OZVTLÄUHUJLZPUJL[OLJV\U[Y`OHZHSZVPU]LZ[LKHIV\[VMP[ZHUU\HSI\KNL[VU+PZHZ[LY9PZR9LK\J[PVU+99HUK*SPTH[L*OHUNL(KHW[H[PVU**(;OL4PUPZ[Y`MVY7SHUUPUNHUK+L]LSVWTLU[47+HUK[OL4PUPZ[Y`VM-PUHUJL4-OH]LJVYLZWVUZPIPSP[`MVYWSHUUPUNHUKI\KNL[PUN;OLUH[PVUHSWSHUUPUNWYVJLZZ\UKLY[OLYLZWVUZPIPSP[`VM47+PZIHZLKVUSVUN[LYTNSVIHSHUKYLNPVUHSKL]LSVWTLU[HNLUKHZLN4+.Z[OL:(+*KL]LSVWTLU[]PZPVUHUK[OLUH[PVUHSSVUN[LYT]PZPVUV\[SPULKPU[OL(NLUKH;VNL[OLY[OLZLHNLUKHZOLSWMYHTL[OLNV]LYUTLU[TPK[LYTWSHUUPUN[OYV\NO[OL-P]L@LHY.V]LYUTLU[7SHU7SHUV8\PUX\LUHSKV.V]LYUV78.HUK[OL-P]L@LHY7V]LY[`9LK\J[PVU:[YH[LN`7SHUVKL(JsqVWHYH9LK\sqVKH7VIYLaH7(97

^P[O[OLZLSHZ[[^V\S[PTH[LS`KYP]PUNZLJ[VYHSZ[YH[LNPLZHUKWSHUZ:PUJL4VaHTIPX\LOHZPU[YVK\JLKHI\KNL[SPULPU[OLHUU\HSWSHUUPUNWYVJLZZI\KNL[SPUL4*(MVYJSPTH[LJOHUNLPZZ\LZ

;OLSVUNHUKTPK[LYTZ[YH[LNPLZHYLVWLYH[PVUHSPaLK[OYV\NOHUU\HSWSHUZHUKI\KNL[Z¶[OLHUU\HS,JVUVTPJHUK:VJPHS7SHU7,:H[UH[PVUHSSL]LSHUK[OL+PZ[YPJ[,JVUVTPJHUK:VJPHS7SHUHUK)\KNL[7,:6+H[KPZ[YPJ[SL]LS¶^OPJOHYLHWWYV]LKQVPU[S`I`47+HUK4-;OLUH[PVUHS7,:¶HWWYV]LKQVPU[S`I`47+HUK4-¶PZZ\ITP[[LK[V[OL*V\UJPSVM4PUPZ[LYZMVYHWWYV]HSILMVYLP[NVLZ[V[OLWHYSPHTLU[MVY[OLÄUHSLUKVYZLTLU[7,:6+OHZ[VILapproved by the District Consultative Council

**+;OLUH[PVUHSWSHUUPUNZ`Z[LTPZLP[OLYNLVNYHWOPJHS[LYYP[VYPHS5H[PVUHS7YV]PUJPHSand District development plans) or sectoral

LHJOZLJ[VYOHZP[ZV^UZ[YH[LNPLZHUKWSHUZMVYP[ZOPNOLYWLYMVYTHUJLHUK[OLZLHYLOHYTVUPaLKILMVYLM\UKPUNPZHWWYV]LK[VH]VPKK\WSPJH[PVU-\UKPUNTLJOHUPZTZMVSSV^ZPTPSHYYV\[LZ;OLYLHYLM\UKZHSSVJH[LKH[UH[PVUHSWYV]PUJPHSHUKKPZ[YPJ[SL]LSZHZ^LSSHZM\UKZHSSVJH[LK[VLHJOZLJ[VY9LNHYKSLZZof the system all plans are supposed to

respond to the major indicators addressed

at the PQG and at PARP and the national

KPYLJ[VYH[LMVYTVUP[VYPUNHUKL]HS\H[PVUH[[OL47+HYL[HZRLK[VLUZ\YL[OPZOHWWLUZ

Key barriers7SHUUPUNMVY**+PUWHY[PJ\SHYYLX\PYLZJSPTH[LJOHUNLRUV^SLKNL¶ZWLJPHSPaLKPUMVYTH[PVUVU[OLPU[LYSPURHNLZVMJSPTH[LJOHUNLHUK[OL]HYPV\ZZLJ[VYZH[HYLZVS\[PVU[OH[PZWYHJ[PJHSMVYWSHUUPUNH[KPɈLYLU[SL]LSZMYVTSVJHS[VUH[PVUHS;OLYLPZZVTLPUMVYTH[PVUVUthe biophysical and socioeconomic impacts of

JSPTH[LJOHUNLSPRLPUMVYTH[PVUVU[OLPU[LYSPURHNLZIL[^LLUJSPTH[LJOHUNLHUKSHUK^H[LYHUKMVYLZ[Y`ZLJ[VYZ/V^L]LYPUKLW[Oand comprehensive analysis of the inter-

SPURHNLZVMJSPTH[LJOHUNLHUK[OL]HYPV\ZZLJ[VYZOHZZ[PSSUV[ILLUHJOPL]LK`L[PZYLX\PYLK[VZ\WWVY[WSHUUPUNMVY**+;OLYLPZHSZVHULLK[V[YHUZSH[LL_PZ[PUNPUMVYTH[PVUVUJSPTH[LJOHUNLPTWHJ[ZHJYVZZ

KPɈLYLU[ZLJ[VYZPU[VWSHUUPUNLSLTLU[Z[OH[JHUILI\KNL[LKI\[[OPZPZZ[PSS]LY`SPTP[LK:VTLZLJ[VYZTH`ZVVULY[OHUV[OLYZILJVTLIL[[LYWVZP[PVULK[VPU[LNYH[LJSPTH[LJOHUNLPUWSHUUPUNHUKI\KNL[PUN-VYPUZ[HUJL[OLTHWWPUNVM[OLUH[PVUHSUH[\YHSJHWP[HSWYLZLU[S`\UKLY^H`\UKLY[OL5H[PVUHS.YLLU,JVUVT`:[YH[LN`HWWYV]LKHM[LY[OL,5(44*TH`JVTL[VMVZ[LY[OLSPURVMJSPTH[LJOHUNLHUKUH[\YHSYLZV\YJLZ6]LYHSS[OV\NO[OPZOHZUV[ILLU[OLJHZL

;OLYLZLHYJOHSZVMV\UK[OH[KPɈLYLU[WLYJLW[PVUZVMJSPTH[LJOHUNL^P[OPUinstitutions limit coherent and coordinated

WSHUUPUNHUKI\KNL[PUN0UVYKLY[VTHRLWYVNYLZZ[OLYLPZHULLK[VZPTWSPM`HUKKPZZLTPUH[LRL`JSPTH[LJOHUNLTLZZHNLZ/V^L]LY[OPZULLKZ[VILHJJVTWHUPLKI`SVII`PUNHUKZLUZP[PaH[PVUVMKLJPZPVUTHRLYZ^P[OPUKPɈLYLU[SPULTPUPZ[YPLZHUKPUZ[P[\[PVUZ(ZOHYLKJYVZZPUZ[P[\[PVUHS\UKLYZ[HUKPUNVMJSPTH[LJOHUNLPZHWYLYLX\PZP[LMVYZ\JJLZZM\SWSHUUPUNHUKI\KNL[PUNMVY**+-PUHSS [OLYLZLHYJOMV\UK[OH[[OLNV]LYUTLU[OHZILLUT\JOMHZ[LYPUHKKYLZZPUNJSPTH[LJOHUNL^P[OPUP[ZV^UWSHUUPUNHUKI\KNL[PUNTLJOHUPZTZ[OHUP[OHZILLUPULUNHNPUN^P[OJP]PSZVJPL[`VYNHUPaH[PVUZHUK[OLWYP]H[LZLJ[VY[VLUZ\YLZOHYLK\UKLYZ[HUKPUN;OPZSPTP[Z[OLTV[P]H[PVUHUKJHWHJP[`[VHJ[ZPNUPÄJHU[S`OHTWLYPUNJV\U[Y`^PKLPTWSLTLU[H[PVU

FUNDING MECHANISMS

Key drivers4VaHTIPX\LOHZLZ[HISPZOLK[OLPUZ[P[\[PVUHSTLJOHUPZTZ[VV]LYZLLJSPTH[LM\UKPUN-<5()PZ[OLUH[PVUHSKLZPNUH[LKLU[P[`MVYJSPTH[LM\UKZHUKV]LY[OLWHZ[`LHYZUH[PVUHSH^HYLULZZVM[OLULLK[VM\UK**+OHZPUJYLHZLKHUK[OLNV]LYUTLU[OHZJYLH[LKHZTLU[PVULKLHYSPLYHI\KNL[SPULVUJSPTH[LJOHUNL4*(0[^HZPUÅ\LUJLK[VKV[OPZMYVTH]HYPL[`VMHUNSLZ¶[OL7\ISPJ,U]PYVUTLU[,_WLUKP[\YL9L]PL^VM^HZJVU[YPI\[VY`HZ^LSSHZ[OLWYLZZ\YLMYVT[OLKVUVYZ[VZOV^JVTTP[TLU[[VJSPTH[L

JOHUNL;OLYLZ\S[PZHUPTWVY[HU[KLNYLLVMJSHYP[ HS[OV\NO[OLHJ[\HSPZH[PVUVM**+WYVNYHTTPUNÅV^PUNMYVT[OPZPZ`L[[VILKLTVUZ[YH[LKPUWYHJ[PJL

Key barriers/PZ[VYPJHSS 4VaHTIPX\L»ZKL]LSVWTLU[OHZILLUKLWLUKLU[VUPU[LYUH[PVUHSHPKHUKthe survival of most of the NGOs and the

CSOs depends entirely on the international

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There are several international climate

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0THNL!;YLLI`-4PYH is licensed under **)@

8 9

CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

3PZ[VM-PN\YLZ 3PZ[VM(IIYL]PH[PVUZ .SVZZHY`VM*SPTH[L*VTWH[PISL+L]LSVWTLU[;LYTPUVSVN`

SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION

4VaHTIPX\LHUK*SPTH[L*OHUNL ;OL3LZZVU3LHYUPUN7YVQLJ[ 9LWVY[:[Y\J[\YL

SECTION 2: METHODOLOGY

:L[[PUN\WH5H[PVUHS3LZZVU3LHYUPUN;LHT ;OL0UJLW[PVU>VYRZOVW +LÄUPUN[OL**+*VUJLW[\HS-YHTL^VYRHUK9LZLHYJO;OLTLZ :V\YJLZVM+H[HHUK0UMVYTH[PVU

SECTION 3: PROGRESS ON CCD POLICIES IN MOZAMBIQUE

0U[YVK\J[PVUHUK:\TTHY`VM7VSPJ`+L]LSVWTLU[ 3LZZVUZ3LHYULKVU7VSPJ`+L]LSVWTLU[

SECTION 4: INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS, COORDINATION AND LEADERSHIP

0U[YVK\J[PVUHUK:\TTHY`VM0UZ[P[\[PVUHS(YYHUNLTLU[Z*VVYKPUH[PVUHUK3LHKLYZOPW 3LZZVUZ3LHYULKVU0UZ[P[\[PVUHS(YYHUNLTLU[Z*VVYKPUH[PVUHUK3LHKLYZOPW

SECTION 5: PLANNING AND BUDGETING MECHANISMS

0U[YVK\J[PVUHUK:\TTHY`VU7SHUUPUNHUK)\KNL[PUN4LJOHUPZTZ 3LZZVUZ3LHYULKVU7SHUUPUNHUK)\KNL[PUN

SECTION 6: FUNDING MECHANISMS

0U[YVK\J[PVUHUK:\TTHY`VU-\UKPUN4LJOHUPZTZ 3LZZVUZ3LHYULKVU-\UKPUN4LJOHUPZTZ

SECTION 7: KNOWLEDGE-BASED PLANNING ON CCD

0U[YVK\J[PVUHUK:\TTHY`VU[OL2UV^SLKNL)HZLMVY**+ 2L`3LZZVUZ3LHYULKVU2UV^SLKNL

SECTION 8: CONCLUSIONS AND KEY RECOMMENDATIONS

*VUJS\ZPVUZ6]LYHSS2L`9LJVTTLUKH[PVUZ

SECTION 9: REFERENCES

SECTION 10: PEOPLE INTERVIEWED

03

10

11

12

14

16

16

17

18

18

19

20

21

22

29

30

32

41

47

55

60

61

62

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66

THE USE OF CLIMATE CHANGE KNOWLEDGE IN PLANNING FOR CCD

Key drivers4VaHTIPX\LOHZTV]LK]LY`MHZ[PUWYVK\JPUNJSPTH[LJOHUNLRUV^SLKNLHUKZJPLU[PÄJHUK[LJOUPJHSL_WLY[PZL6]LY[OLWHZ[`LHYZHU\TILYVMJSPTH[LJOHUNLZ[\KPLZOH]LILLUW\ISPZOLK^OPJOOH]LMLKPU[V[OLKL]LSVWTLU[VM[OL,5(44*[OLNYLLULJVUVT`HJ[PVUWSHU[OLKPZHZ[LYSH HUKHU\TILYVMWYVQLJ[ZHUKWYVNYHTTLZZ\JOHZ[OL7PSV[7YVNYHTTLVU*SPTH[L9LZPSPLUJL77*9)LZPKLZ[OH[HU\TILYVM

public and private academic institutions are

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Key barriersDespite the achievements in terms of

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10 11

LIST OF FIGURES

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS((7 (MYPJH(KHW[H[PVU7YVNYHTTL(**9( (MYPJH*SPTH[L*OHUNL9LZPSPLUJL(SSPHUJL*)6 *VTT\UP[`)HZLK6YNHUPaH[PVU** *SPTH[L*OHUNLCCD Climate Compatible Development

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^P[OLJVUVTPLZPU[YHUZP[PVUHPT[VYL[\YUNYLLUOV\ZLNHZLTPZZPVUZUV[JVU[YVSSLKI`[OL4VU[YLHS7YV[VJVS[V SL]LSZI`[OL`LHY;OL*VU]LU[PVULU[LYLKPUMVYJLPU4HYJO

=\SULYHIPSP[`=\SULYHIPSP[`PZ[OLKLNYLL[V^OPJOHZ`Z[LTPZZ\ZJLW[PISL[VHUK\UHISL[VJVWL^P[OHK]LYZLLɈLJ[ZVMJSPTH[LJOHUNLPUJS\KPUNJSPTH[L]HYPHIPSP[`HUKL_[YLTLZ=\SULYHIPSP[`PZHM\UJ[PVUVM[OLJOHYHJ[LYTHNUP[\KLHUKYH[LVMJSPTH[LJOHUNLHUK]HYPH[PVU[V^OPJOHZ`Z[LTPZL_WVZLKP[ZZLUZP[P]P[ HUKP[ZHKHW[P]LJHWHJP[

14 15

SECTION 1

Introduction

=\SULYHIPSP[`PZL_WLJ[LK[VPUJYLHZLover the next two KLJHKLZHZJSPTH[LJOHUNLPTWHJ[ZYLK\JLWLVWSL»Zlivelihood assets HUKPTWPUNLVUMVVKWYVK\J[PVU[O\Z\UKLYTPUPUN4VaHTIPX\L»Zoverarching goal of YLK\JPUNL_[YLTLWV]LY[ 05.* !

46A(4)08<,(5+CLIMATE CHANGE

3VJH[LKPU[OL:V\[OLYU(MYPJH9LNPVUIL[^LLU[OLSH[P[\KLZo27’ and 26o»ZV\[OHUKSVUNP[\KLZo»HUKo»LHZ[4VaHTIPX\LPZHJV\U[Y`VMJVU[YHZ[Z!IL[^LLU^HYHUKWLHJLKL]LSVWTLU[HUKKPZHZ[LYH[[LU[PVU[VJSPTH[LJOHUNLPZZ\LZ`L[PU]LZ[TLU[PUMVZZPSM\LSL_[YHJ[PUNLJVUVTPJHJ[P]P[PLZ6UVULOHUKMVSSV^PUN`LHYZVM^HY¶ÄYZ[MVYPUKLWLUKLUJLMYVT7VY[\N\LZLJVSVUPaH[PVUHUK[OLUHUPU[LYUHSJP]PS^HY6 IL[^LLU-YLSPTVPUWV^LYHUK[OL9LUHTVN\LYYPSSHZ¶[OLJV\U[Y`X\PJRS`TV]LK[VILJVTLVULVM[OL^VYSK»ZMHZ[LZ[NYV^PUNeconomies and a success story of transition

MYVTJP]PS^HY[VKL]LSVWTLU[7LHJLZ[HIPSP[ international aid and private investments

HSSV^LKHUHUU\HSH]LYHNL.+7NYV^[OVMHUK[OLYLK\J[PVUVM[OLL_[YLTLWV]LY[`YH[LMYVTULHYS` I`[OLLUKVM[OLJP]PS^HYPU [VHIV\[PU47-L[HS;OLKPZJV]LY`VMSHYNLTPULYHSZHUKNHZKLWVZP[ZHYLJ\YYLU[S`W\[[PUN4VaHTIPX\LVU[OLNSVIHSTHWVMSHYNLPU]LZ[TLU[Z0U4VaHTIPX\LYLJLP]LKHIV\[<:+IPSSPVUof private investments mainly in the sector

VMMVZZPSM\LSL_[YHJ[PVUPLJVHSHUKNHZ4VaHTIPX\LOHZVULVM[OLOPNOLZ[HPK.+7YH[PVPU(MYPJH¶HIV\[<:+ WLYJHWP[H(M+)L[HS!

6U[OLV[OLYOHUK[OLNHPUZOH]LILLUZ`Z[LTH[PJHSS`^PWLKH^H`LHJO[PTLJSPTH[LYLSH[LKOHaHYKZZ\JOHZJ`JSVULZVYÅVVKZZ[YPRL[OLJV\U[Y 0UHYLJVYKÅVVKRPSSLKHIV\[WLVWSLHUKWYVK\JLKlosses estimated at about USD 700 million

*OYPZ[PLHUK/HUSVU,JVUVTPJNYV^[OKLYHPSLKMYVT[OLL_WLJ[LK[VHIV\[.V4*P[PLZSPRL*OVR^LHUK?HP?HPPUZV\[OLYU4VaHTIPX\L^LYLJVTWSL[LS`Z\ITLYNLKHUKTHU`WLVWSLOHK[VILYLZJ\LKI`OLSPJVW[LYZ0[[VVRZL]LYHSyears for the country and particularly these

JP[PLZ[VYLJV]LY0UKLLKPUSLZZ[OHU`LHYZSH[LY*OVR^L^HZHNHPUZ\ITLYNLKHUKSVZZLZHYLH[[OPZWVPU[PU[PTLZ[PSS[VILM\SS`HJJV\U[LK;OLNV]LYUTLU[JSHPTZ[OH[[OLÅVVKPUNYLZ\S[LKPUKLH[OZabout 176 thousand displaced people and

LJVUVTPJSVZZLZVMHIV\[<:+TPSSPVU7-VY[OLZPaLVM[OLUH[PVUHSHUKSVJHSLJVUVT and for the local people the losses represents

HYL]LYZHSVU[OLPYLɈVY[Z[VI\PSKHIYPNO[LY[VTVYYV (UHZZLZZTLU[I`[OL4PUPZ[Y`VM7SHUUPUNHUK+L]LSVWTLU[47+MV\UKWV]LY[`SL]LSZPUZ[HNUHU[H[since 2003 and it claims recurrent disasters

Z\JOHZ[OLÅVVKPUNVMHUKHZ[OLTHPUYLHZVUZMVY[OPZZSV^KV^UVUWV]LY[`YLK\J[PVU

*\YYLU[S`4VaHTIPX\LPZVULVM[OLWVVYLZ[JV\U[YPLZPU[OL^VYSK0[YHURZ[OPYKMYVT[OLIV[[VTVU[OL/\THU+L]LSVWTLU[0UKL_/+0Q\Z[HIV]L5PNLYHUK+LTVJYH[PJ9LW\ISPJVM*VUNV<5+7*SPTH[LJOHUNLPZHSYLHK`M\LSSPUN[OL4VaHTIPJHU

-YLSPTVZ[HY[LK[OLHYTLKZ[Y\NNSLMVYPUKLWLUKLUJLPU HUK4VaHTIPX\LNV[P[ZPUKLWLUKLUJLMYVT7VY[\NHSPU 6*P]PS^HYZ[HY[LKPTTLKPH[LS`HM[LYPUKLWLUKLUJLPU HUKLUKLKPU 77YLZZJVUMLYLUJLVU1\S`

16 17

JVU[L_[VMWV]LY[`HUKKPZHZ[LYZHUKHZOPNOSPNO[LKPU[OLPU[YVK\J[VY`X\V[H[PVUP[PZL_WLJ[LK[VJVU[PU\L[VWYVK\JLV]LY^OLSTPUNKHTHNLZ(JJVYKPUN[V[OL05.* V]LY[OLWHZ[`LHYZH]LYHNL[LTWLYH[\YLZPU4VaHTIPX\LOH]LPUJYLHZLKI`IL[^LLUo*o*HUKHYLL_WLJ[LKto increase by up to 6oC at the turn of the

JLU[\Y`PMNSVIHS*6LTPZZPVUZRLLWJ\YYLU[WHJL(Z[LTWLYH[\YLZOH]LYPZLU[OLYLOH]LILLU\UWYLKPJ[HISLHUKYLK\JLKYHPUMHSSZHUKPUJYLHZLZPUKY`ZWLSSZHUKKYV\NO[K\YH[PVURainy seasons have also started later and

LUKLKLHYSPLY"[OLU\TILYVMOV[KH`ZHUKUPNO[ZOHZPUJYLHZLKHUK[OLYLOHZILLUHreduction in the number of cold days and

UPNO[Z05.* (SVUN[OLZLJOHUNLZ[OLMYLX\LUJ`HUKPU[LUZP[`VMOHaHYKZZ\JOHZJ`JSVULZÅVVKZHUKKYV\NO[ZOHZPUJYLHZLKHUKPZL_WLJ[LK[VJVU[PU\L[VPUJYLHZL05.* ;OLPU[LY[^PUPUNVMOPNOLYWV]LY[`YH[LZ^P[O[OLZLOHaHYKZTHRLZ4VaHTIPX\L^P[OP[ZSVUNOPZ[VY`VMKPZHZ[LYZL]LUTVYL]\SULYHISL[V[OLTPUM\[\YL6UH]LYHNL4VaHTIPX\LPZHɈLJ[LKI`HKPZHZ[LYVMNYLH[THNUP[\KLL]LY``LHY05.*et al.!HUKYHURZ[OVUNSVIHS]\SULYHIPSP[`<5<,/:HUK[OPYKVUNSVIHS^LH[OLYYLSH[LKKHTHNLMVSSV^PUN)HUNSHKLZOHUK,[OPVWPH)\`Zet al!.P]LU[OLJVU[L_[WYLZLU[LKHIV]LKLHSPUN^P[OJSPTH[LJOHUNLHUKLTIYHJPUNJSPTH[LJVTWH[PISLKL]LSVWTLU[PU4VaHTIPX\LPZVMNYLH[relevance for the country to sustain its

KL]LSVWTLU[HUKLYHKPJH[LWV]LY[

;/,3,::65LEARNING PROJECT

;OPZHZZLZZTLU[PZ^YP[[LU\UKLY[OL3LZZVU3LHYUPUN7YVQLJ[337VU**+M\UKLKI`[OL*SPTH[LHUK+L]LSVWTLU[2UV^SLKNL5L[^VYR(CDKN) and implemented by the Centre for

0U[LYUH[PVUHS+L]LSVWTLU[HUK;YHPUPUN*0+;H[[OL<UP]LYZP[`VM>VS]LYOHTW[VUPU[OL<2PUWHY[ULYZOPW^P[O[OL,K\HYKV4VUKSHUL<UP]LYZP[`<,4[OL40*6([OL4PUPZ[Y`VM7SHUUPUNHUK+L]LSVWTLU[47+HUK[OL5H[PVUHS0UZ[P[\[LMVY+PZHZ[LY4HUHNLTLU[05.*;OL(MYPJH*SPTH[L9LZPSPLUJL(SSPHUJL

(**9(^HZHSZVWP]V[HSPUZV\YJPUN[OLYLZLHYJO[LHTHUKPUWYV]PKPUN[LJOUPJHSHUKSVNPZ[PJHSZ\WWVY[;OPZ^PSSILKPZJ\ZZLKM\Y[OLYPU[OLTL[OVKVSVN`ZLJ[PVU

;OLTHPUVIQLJ[P]LVM[OLWYVQLJ[PZ[VJHW[\YLsynthesise and share country solutions

HUKILZ[WYHJ[PJLLTLYNPUNMYVTUH[PVUHSSL]LSJSPTH[LJOHUNLWSHUUPUNPUZLSLJ[LKJV\U[YPLZPU(MYPJHPUVYKLY[VZ\WWVY[SLHYUPUNpolicy development and possible replication

VMLɈVY[ZHTVUNWHY[PJPWH[PUNHUKV[OLYJV\U[YPLZ;OLWYVQLJ[PZILPUNPTWSLTLU[LKPU4VaHTIPX\L2LU`H,[OPVWPHHUK9^HUKH^P[O[OLMVSSV^PUNRL`L_WLJ[LKSLHYUPUNV\[JVTLZ!

7VSPJ`THRLYZPU[OLWYVQLJ[JV\U[YPLZSVVRIHJR^HYKZHUKYLÅLJ[VU^OH[OHZOHWWLULKHUK^O`"

Participants from the other countries

involved in the project learn from each

V[OLYPUHJVUÄKLU[PHSHUK[Y\Z[PUNLU]PYVUTLU["

-\Y[OLYJV\U[YPLZ^OVTH`UV[`L[ILH[the same level of articulation of national

WVSPJPLZPUJVYWVYH[PUNJSPTH[LJVTWH[PISLKL]LSVWTLU[^PSSNH[OLY]HS\HISLSLHYUPUNPUZPNO[ZMYVT[OLPU]VS]LKJV\U[YPLZ"

;OLNSVIHSJVTT\UP[`^VYRPUNVU**+NH[OLYSLHYUPUN[OH[TH`OLSW[OLTPTWYV]L[OLPYWYHJ[PJLZ

9,769;:;9<*;<9,;OLYLWVY[PZZ[Y\J[\YLKPU[VLPNO[ZLJ[PVUZSection 1 above introduces the reader

[V[OLJV\U[Y`HUK[OL3377YVQLJ[^OPSLZLJ[PVUKLZJYPILZ[OLTL[OVKVSVN`MVSSV^LKMVYWYVQLJ[PTWSLTLU[H[PVUHUKYLWVY[PUN:LJ[PVUZ[VWYLZLU[WYVQLJ[ÄUKPUNZSVVRPUNZ`Z[LTH[PJHSS`H[WVSPJPLZHUKZ[YH[LNPLZZLJ[PVUPUZ[P[\[PVUHSHYYHUNLTLU[JVVYKPUH[PVUHUKSLHKLYZOPWZLJ[PVUWSHUUPUNHUKI\KNL[PUNTLJOHUPZTZZLJ[PVUM\UKPUNTLJOHUPZTZZLJ[PVUHUKRUV^SLKNLIHZLKWSHUUPUNZLJ[PVU:LJ[PVUWYLZLU[Z[OLJVUJS\ZPVUZHUKRL`YLJVTTLUKH[PVUZLTLYNPUNMYVT[OLYLZLHYJO

SECTION 2

Methodolgy

18 19

:,;;05.<7(NATIONAL LESSON LEARNING TEAM

0U1\UL[OL*SPTH[LHUK+L]LSVWTLU[2UV^SLKNL5L[^VYR*+25[OYV\NOthe Centre for International Development

HUK;YHPUPUN*0+;H[[OL<UP]LYZP[`VM>VS]LYOHTW[VU<2HWWYVHJOLK[OL.V]LYUTLU[VM4VaHTIPX\L.V4HUK(**9([VKPZJ\ZZ[OLWVZZPIPSP[PLZVMZ[HY[PUN[OL3LZZVU3LHYUPUN7YVQLJ[337VU*SPTH[LJVTWH[PISLKL]LSVWTLU[PU4VaHTIPX\L;OLWYVQLJ[WHY[ULYZPUJS\KLKH337SLHKLYHUKZ[YVUNPU]VS]LTLU[I`RL`SPULTPUPZ[YPLZVUJSPTH[LJOHUNLPU4VaHTIPX\L

;OL.V]LYUTLU[[OYV\NO[OL4PUPZ[Y`VM7SHUUPUNHUK+L]LSVWTLU[47+[OL4PUPZ[Y`MVY[OL*VVYKPUH[PVUVM,U]PYVUTLU[HS(ɈHPYZ40*6(HUK[OL5H[PVUHS0UZ[P[\[LMVY+PZHZ[LY4HUHNLTLU[05.*UVTPUH[LKWYVQLJ[MVJHSWVPU[Z^P[O[OLTHPUVIQLJ[P]L[VQVPU[S`JVSSLJ[PUMVYTH[PVUHUKWYVK\JLSLZZVUZVURL`KYP]LYZHUKIHYYPLYZVU[OLJV\U[Y`»ZLɈVY[Z[VWSHUHUKPTWSLTLU[**+0UZVKVPUN[OLnational authorities helped the Project team

[VMYHTL\ZLM\SSLHYUPUNX\LZ[PVUZVMUH[PVUHSPU[LYLZ[HUKNSVIHSSLHYUPUN;VOLSWNH[OLYKH[HHUKYLWVY[[OLWYVQLJ[ZL[\WPUJS\KLK[OLHWWVPU[TLU[VMH3LZZVU3LHYUPUN3LHKLY3330U[OLJHZLVM4VaHTIPX\L[OLWVZP[PVU^HZÄSSLKI`+Y3\PZ(Y[\YH<UP]LYZP[`SLJ[\YLY^LSSRUV^UPU[OLJV\U[Y`HZHYLZLHYJOLYVUJSPTH[LJOHUNLPZZ\LZ

;OPZ337[LHTTL[VUth July 2013 to

discuss preliminary research topics and

to identify institutions and people to be

PU]VS]LKPU[OLWYVJLZZHZ^LSSHZLZ[HISPZOthe mechanisms to communicate the

SLZZVUZSLHYULK)HZLKVU[OLTLL[PUNHUKKPZJ\ZZPVUZ[OL[LHTKYHM[LKRL`[OLTH[PJHYLHZHUK[OLJV\U[Y`»ZTL[OVKVSVN`MVY[OLSLHYUPUNWYVJLZZ;OPZ^HZ[OLUWYLZLU[LKHUKKPZJ\ZZLKH[HWYVQLJ[PUJLW[PVU^VYRZOVWOLSKPU5HPYVIPVU1\S

;/,05*,7;065WORKSHOP

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Co-author all country’s project

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+,-0505.;/,CCD CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND RESEARCH THEMES

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20 21

:6<9*,:6-+(;(AND INFORMATION

;OPZYLWVY[^HZIHZLKVUKH[HHUKPUMVYTH[PVUVI[HPULKMYVTKPɈLYLU[ZV\YJLZUHTLS`!

3P[LYH[\YLYL]PL^(UL_WHUKLKKLZRIHZLKYL]PL^VMNV]LYUTLU[HSHJHKLTPJHUK5.6H\[OVYLKKVJ\TLU[Z^HZJHYYPLKV\[V]LYHWLYPVKVM[^VTVU[OZZ\WWSLTLU[LKHZHWWYVWYPH[L[OYV\NOV\[[OLYLWVY[^YP[PUNWLYPVKI`HWWS`PUN[OLJVU[LU[HUHS`ZPZ[LJOUPX\L9;OPZ^HZWHY[PJ\SHYS`YLSL]HU[PUVYKLY[VJHW[\YLUH[PVUHSWVSPJPLZHUKZ[YH[LNPLZHYV\UK**+

Interviews; LU[`[OYLLRL`PUMVYTHU[ZMYVT[OLNV]LYUTLU[5.6ZWYP]H[LZLJ[VYHUKHJHKLTPH^LYLPU[LY]PL^LK;OLPU[LY]PL^Z^LYLJVUK\J[LKIHZLKVU[OLYLZLHYJOX\LZ[PVUZWYLZLU[LKPU(UUL_VM[OPZYLWVY[

-VJ\ZNYV\WKPZJ\ZZPVU(NYV\WKPZJ\ZZPVU^HZOLSKH[05.*^P[OZ[HɈTLTILYZVU6J[VILYHUKHUV[OLYVUL^HZOLSK^P[OTHZ[LYZ[\KLU[ZH[[OL-HJ\S[`VM(NYVUVT`HUK-VYLZ[Y`

,UNPULLYPUNVU5V]LTILY ;OLTHZ[LYZ[\KLU[Z^LYLH[[OLÄUHSZ[HNLVM[OLPYJV\YZLVUKPZHZ[LYTHUHNLTLU[HZWHY[VM[OLPYTHZ[LYVUY\YHSKL]LSVWTLU[)V[OKPZJ\ZZPVUZ^LYLVUWSHUUPUNHUKPTWSLTLU[PUNPU[LY]LU[PVUZVUJSPTH[LJOHUNLKPZHZ[LYZHUKKL]LSVWTLU[PU4VaHTIPX\L)LZPKLZ[OLZLL]LU[Z[OL333HSZVH[[LUKLKHKH`MVJ\ZNYV\WVYNHUPaLKI`(**9(6J[VILY[VKPZJ\ZZ4VaHTIPX\L»ZWSHUUPUNTVUP[VYPUNHUKL]HS\H[PVU4 ,TLJOHUPZTZVUJSPTH[LJOHUNL;OPZ^VYRZOVWOLSWLK[OL337[VNL[HKLLWLY\UKLYZ[HUKPUNVU[OLUH[PVUHSWVSPJ`HUKPUZ[P[\[PVUHSMYHTLZHUKLɈVY[ZILPUNTHKL[VZL[\WHU4 ,Z`Z[LTVU**+PU4VaHTIPX\L

=HSPKH[PVU^VYRZOVW(]HSPKH[PVU^VYRZOVW[VVRWSHJLVU4HYJOHUK^HZH[[LUKLKI`WHY[PJPWHU[ZMYVT[OLNV]LYUTLU[*:65.6HUKWYP]H[LZLJ[VYZ;OLTHPUVIQLJ[P]LVM[OL^VYRZOVW^HZ[VWYV]PKLYLZ\S[ZVM[OLSLZZVUSLHYUPUN[V[OVZL^OV[VVRWHY[PUP[HUKM\Y[OLYKPZ[PS[OLSLZZVUZPU[VTLHUPUNM\SHUKHJJLW[HISLSLZZVUZMVY[OPZYLWVY[0[HSZVWYV]PKLKHWSH[MVYT[VZVSPJP[PKLHZHUK]PL^ZVU¸^OH[UL_[&¹PU[LYTZVMOV^[OLSLZZVUZJHUIL\ZLKHUK[HRLU\WPU4VaHTIPX\LHUKL_[LYUHSS

SECTION 3

Progress on CCD Policies in

Mozambique

9*VU[LU[(UHS`ZPZPZKLÄULKHZH[LJOUPX\LMVYTHRPUNPUMLYLUJLI`Z`Z[LTH[PJHSS`HUKVIQLJ[P]LS`PKLU[PM`PUNZWLJPHSJOHYHJ[LYPZ[PJZVMTLZZHNLZ/VYZ[P 0UJVU[LU[HUHS`ZPZYLZLHYJOLYZL_HTPULHY[LMHJ[ZVMZVJPHSJVTT\UPJH[PVU^OPJO[`WPJHSS`HYL^YP[[LUKVJ\TLU[ZVY[YHUZJYPW[ZVMYLJVYKLK]LYIHSJVTT\UPJH[PVU

0THNL!*0-F77*9F4VaHTIPX\LFI`CIF Action

is licensed under **)@

22 23

05;96+<*;065(5+SUMMARY OF POLICY DEVELOPMENT

;OPZZLJ[PVUWYV]PKLZHUV]LY]PL^VM[OL**+WVSPJ`JVU[L_[^OPSLHUHS`ZPZHUKSLZZVUZSLHYULKVUWVSPJPLZHYLWYLZLU[LKPUZLJ[PVU

/PZ[VYPJHSS 4VaHTIPX\L»ZPUZ[P[\[PVUHSYLZWVUZL[VLU]PYVUTLU[KLNYHKH[PVUHUKJSPTH[LJOHUNLJHUIL[YHJLKIHJRHZMHYHZ -VSSV^PUN[OL>VYSK:\TTP[VU:\Z[HPUHISL+L]LSVWTLU[PU9PV 4VaHTIPX\LLZ[HISPZOLK[OL4PUPZ[Y`MVY[OL*VVYKPUH[PVUVM,U]PYVUTLU[(ɈHPYZ40*6(PU+LJLTILY 4VaHTIPX\LYH[PÄLK[OL[OYLL9PV*VU]LU[PVUZ¶[OL*VU]LU[PVUVU)PVKP]LYZP[`HUKVUJSPTH[LJOHUNLPU HUKVU+LZLY[PÄJH[PVUPU 10:PUJL [OL.V4OHZILLULTILKKPUNPZZ\LZVMenvironmental protection in the Five-year

.V]LYUTLU[7SHUZ78.PU[OL5H[PVUHS:[YH[LN`MVY7V]LY[`9LK\J[PVU7(97HZ^LSSHZPU[OL5H[PVUHS,JVUVTPJHUK:VJPHS7SHUZ7,:HUK+PZ[YPJ[,JVUVTPJHUK:VJPHS7SHUZ7,:6+

;OLJVUJLW[HUKMYHTL^VYRMVY5H[PVUHS(KHW[H[PVU7SHUVM(J[PVU5(7(Z^LYLNSVIHSS`KPZJ\ZZLKHUKHWWYV]LKI`[OL4HYYHRLZO4PUPZ[LYPHSKLJSHYH[PVUPU^OLYLJV\U[YPLZHNYLLK[VJYLH[LN\PKLSPULZfor the preparation of NAPAs and to establish

3LHZ[+L]LSVWLK*V\U[Y`3+*L_WLY[NYV\WZ[VOLSWKL]LSVW5(7(Z5(7(ZKL[LYTPUL[OLLSPNPIPSP[`[VHWWS`MVY[OL3+*M\UKTHUHNLKI`[OL.SVIHS,U]PYVUTLU[-HJPSP[`.,-;OLÄYZ[5(7([VYLHJO[OL<UP[LK5H[PVUZ-YHTL^VYR*VU]LU[PVUVU*SPTH[L*OHUNL<5-***ZLJYL[HYPH[^HZMYVT4H\YP[HUPH5V]LTILY0[^HZUV[MVYZL]LYHS`LHYZ\U[PS4VaHTIPX\LMVJ\ZLKTVYLJSLHYS`VUJSPTH[LJOHUNLHKHW[H[PVU+\LTHPUS`[VSPTP[LKL_WLY[PZL[VKL]LSVWP[Z5(7([OL*V\UJPSVM4PUPZ[LYZ^LYLVUS`HISL[VHWWYV]L[OLJV\U[Y`»Z5(7(VU+LJLTILY^P[O

[OL,UNSPZO]LYZPVUZ\ITP[[LK[V[OL<5-***ZLJYL[HYPH[PU1\S`

4HU`MHJ[VYZJVU[YPI\[LK[V4VaHTIPX\LKL]LSVWPUNP[Z5(7(;OLNSVIHSJVU[L_[VM[OL<5-***HUK4HYYHRLZO+LJSHYH[PVU^HZMH]V\YHISLMVY[OPZPUJS\KPUN[OLH]HPSHIPSP[`VMÄUHUJPHSHUK[LJOUPJHSZ\WWVY[MYVT<5-***HUK.,-0U[LYUHSS [OL5(7(^HZKL]LSVWLKTHPUS`HZHMYHTL^VYR[VHKHW[to the increased occurrence of disasters and

[VILLSPNPISLMVYNSVIHSJSPTH[LM\UKZ;OLÅVVKPUNVMHUK"[OLJ`JSVULZVMHUK[OLKYV\NO[VMHUKOH]LHSS[YPNNLYLK[OLULLKMVY[OLJV\U[Y`[VLUNHNLPU5(7(40*6(!5.6ZHUKJP]PSZVJPL[`VYNHUPaH[PVUZ^LYLHSZVW\ZOPUN[OLJV\U[Y`[VLUNHNLTVYLÄYTS`VU[OLPZZ\LVMJSPTH[LJOHUNL11

(JJVYKPUN[V=PSSHY[OL5(7(^HZ[OLÄYZ[WVSPJ`KVJ\TLU[ZWLJPÄJHSS`HKKYLZZPUNHKHW[H[PVUPU4VaHTIPX\L[OH[^HZWVSP[PJHSS`LUKVYZLKH[[OLSL]LSVM*V\UJPSVM4PUPZ[LYZ

The overall objective of the NAPA is to

Z[YLUN[OLU[OLUH[PVUHSJHWHJP[`[VJVWL^P[O[OLHK]LYZLPTWHJ[ZVMJSPTH[LJOHUNLIt outlined interventions in four major areas

UHTLS`!PZ[YLUN[OLUPUN[OLLHYS`^HYUPUNZ`Z[LT"PPZ[YLUN[OLUPUN[OLJHWHJP[`VMWYVK\JLYZ[VJVWL^P[OJSPTH[LJOHUNL"PPPYLK\JPUNJSPTH[LJOHUNLPTWHJ[ZPUJVHZ[HSaVULZHUKP][OLTHUHNLTLU[VM^H[LYYLZV\YJLZ\UKLYJSPTH[LJOHUNL

4VYLYLJLU[S PU[OLNV]LYUTLU[HWWYV]LK[OL5H[PVUHS:[YH[LN`MVY(KHW[H[PVUHUK4P[PNH[PVU[V*SPTH[L*OHUNL,5(44*;OL,5(44*PZKL]LSVWLKHYV\UK[OYLL[OLTLZ!

H(KHW[H[PVUHUKJSPTH[LYPZRTHUHNLTLU[¶HKKYLZZPUNPU[LY]LU[PVUZHYV\UKZ[YH[LNPJZLJ[VYZUHTLS`+PZHZ[LY9PZR9LK\J[PVU">H[LY"(NYPJ\S[\YL-PZOLYPLZHUK-VVK:LJ\YP[`":VJPHSWYV[LJ[PVU"/LHS[O")PVKP]LYZP[`"-VYLZ[Y`HUK0UMYHZ[Y\J[\YLZ"

I4P[PNH[PVUHUKSV^JHYIVUKL]LSVWTLU[ HKKYLZZPUNPU[LY]LU[PVUZHYV\UKZ[YH[LNPJHYLHZUHTLS`,ULYN`"0UK\Z[Y`"3HUK<ZLHUK>HZ[L4HUHNLTLU["HUK

J*YVZZJ\[[PUNPZZ\LZ that include

PUZ[P[\[PVUHSHUKSLNHSYLMVYTMVYJSPTH[LJOHUNL"YLZLHYJOVUJSPTH[LJOHUNLHUK[YHPUPUNHUK[LJOUVSVN`[YHUZMLY

0U[OLNV]LYUTLU[HSZVHWWYV]LK[OL4VaHTIPX\L.YLLU,JVUVT`(J[PVU7SHU^OPJOV\[SPULZPU[LY]LU[PVUZMVY4VaHTIPX\L[VLTIYHJLHNYLLULYLJVUVT 0UIL[^LLUV[OLYWVSPJPLZHUKZ[YH[LNPLZYLSH[LK[V**+OH]LILLUHWWYV]LKI`[OLNV]LYUTLU[=PSSHYJVTWPSLKHSPZ[VM SLNHSHUKpolicy instruments relevant to CCD (directly

VYPUKPYLJ[S`YLSH[LK[VHKHW[H[PVUTP[PNH[PVUSV^JHYIVUKL]LSVWTLU[HUKYLZPSPLUJL[OH[^LYLHWWYV]LKPU[OLWLYPVKMYVT [V ;OPZYLZLHYJOZOV^Z[OH[V]LY[OLWHZ[`LHYZ4VaHTIPX\LOHZWYVK\JLKWLY`LHYVUH]LYHNL[^VWVSPJ`MYHTL^VYRZYLSH[LK[V**+:PTPSHY[V[OLKL]LSVWTLU[VM[OL5(7(IV[OL_[LYUHSHUKPU[LYUHSKYP]LYZZ\JOHZNSVIHSWYV[VJVSZHUKM\UKZYLJ\YYLU[disasters and a push from donors and civil

ZVJPL[`VYNHUPaH[PVUZ[VHKKYLZZLU]PYVUTLU[HUKJSPTH[LJOHUNLOH]LHSSJVU[YPI\[LK[V[OPZWVSPJ`JVU[L_[

-PN\YLILSV^WVY[YH`ZHUV]LY]PL^VM[OLRL`UH[PVUHSWVSPJ`MYHTL^VYRYLSH[LK[V**+HWWYV]LKZPUJL

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24 25

-PN\YL!+LWPJ[PVUVMRL`WVSPJPLZYLSL]HU[MVY**+

3,::65:3,(95,+65POLICY DEVELOPMENT

-PN\YLWYV]PKLZHUV]LY]PL^VMRL`SLZZVUZlearned on policy development on CCD in

4VaHTIPX\L[OH[HYLKPZJ\ZZLKM\Y[OLYILSV

3LZZVU

**+YLX\PYLZSVUN[LYT]PZPVUHUKWVSP[PJHSJVTTP[TLU[(JJVYKPUN[VTHU`PU[LY]PL^LLZPU4VaHTIPX\LYHWPKWVSPJ`KL]LSVWTLU[PZJVYYLSH[LK^P[OZ[YVUNJVTTP[TLU[I`[OLNV]LYUTLU[VULU]PYVUTLU[HUKJSPTH[LJOHUNLPZZ\LZ6]LY[OLWHZ[`LHYZZL]LYHSSHYNLZJHSLHKHW[H[PVUHUKTP[PNH[PVUPU[LY]LU[PVUZOH]L[HRLUWSHJL-VYPUZ[HUJLNV]LYUTLU[ZWLUKZHIV\[<:+TPSSPVUVMP[ZHUU\HSI\KNL[VUKPZHZ[LYYPZRYLK\J[PVU+99HJYVZZKPɈLYLU[ZLJ[VYZ(S[OV\NO[OPZTH`SVVRSPRLHZTHSSHTV\U[P[YLWYLZLU[ZHIV\[VMHUU\HSNV]LYUTLU[I\KNL[HUKP[PZULHYS`[OLZHTLI\KNL[HSSVJH[LK[V[OLOLHS[OZLJ[VYPU<:+TPSSPVUHIV\[VM[OLUH[PVUHSI\KNL[12;OLNV]LYUTLU[OHZHSZVILLUW\YZ\PUNZWLJPÄJWYVNYHTTLZHUKOHZI\KNL[SPULZVUJSPTH[LJOHUNLVULU]PYVUTLU[HSLK\JH[PVUHUKVUYLUL^HISLLULYN`13;OLLU]PYVUTLU[YLN\SH[VY`MYHTL^VYROHZOLSWLK[VPUJYLHZL[OLZPaLVMWYV[LJ[LKHYLHZ[VHIV\[VM[OLUH[PVUHSSHUKHYLHYLWYLZLU[PUNTVYL

[OHU[^PJL[OLPU[LYUH[PVUHSYLX\PYLTLU[MYVT[OLIPVKP]LYZP[`JVU]LU[PVUVMH[SLHZ[40*6((JJVYKPUN[VNV]LYUTLU[VɉJLYZPU[LY]PL^LK[OL7YLZPKLU[VM4VaHTIPX\L4Y(YTHUKV.\LI\aHOHZILLUHRL`ÄN\YLPU[OPZWYVJLZZ(SVUN^P[O[OLYLN\SH[VY`MYHTL^VYR[OL7YLZPKLU[OPTZLSMOHZILLUWYVTV[PUN[OLPUP[PH[P]L¸6ULZ[\KLU[VUL[YLLHUKVULSLHKLYVULMVYLZ[Y`¹(\THS\UV\THWSHU[HL\TSxKLY\THÅVYLZ[H)

ZPUJLPUVYKLY[VPUJYLHZLLU]PYVUTLU[HSH^HYLULZZHUKMVYLZ[LKHYLHZ+\L[V[OLZLLɈVY[ZVULU]PYVUTLU[WYV[LJ[PVUPU[OL4VaHTIPJHU7YLZPKLU[YLJLP]LK[OLº.PM[[V[OL,HY[O»H^HYKI`[OL>VYSK^PKL-\UKMVY5H[\YL>>-MVYOPZSLHKLYZOPWVULU]PYVUTLU[

7VSPJPLZHUKI\KNL[Z[VL_WHUKJSLHUHUKYLUL^HISLLULYN Z\JOHZMYVTO`KYVWV^LYV\[SPULKPU[OLLULYN`WVSPJ`HUKZ[YH[LN HYLHSZVJVU[YPI\[PUN[V[OLTP[PNH[PVUVMJSPTH[LJOHUNL6]LY[OLWHZ[`LHYZ[OLNV]LYUTLU[OHZL_WHUKLKO`KYVWV^LYLULYN`HJJLZZ[VULHYS`HSSKPZ[YPJ[Z/V^L]LYPU[OLZOVY[[VTLKP\T[LYTZPUJL[OLUL^WL[YVSL\TSH^HWWYV]LKI`[OLWHYSPHTLU[VU(\N\Z[ZH`ZVMNHZWYVK\JLKmust remain in the country to boost national

industry and there are plants in pipeline

[VJVU]LY[JVHSHUKNHZPU[VLSLJ[YPJP[ :VLSLJ[YPJP[`TH`ILJVTLSLZZNYLLUPU[OLULHYM\[\YLPU[OLH[[LTW[[VNYV^[OLLJVUVT`HUKL_WSVP[UH[\YHSYLZV\YJLZ/`KYVWV^LYLSLJ[YPJP[`WYVK\J[PVUOHZPUJYLHZLKI`

PU`LHYZMYVT[VQ\TWPUNMYVTHIV\[ .>O[V.>O^OPSLLSLJ[YPJP[`WYVK\J[PVUMYVTKPLZLSOHZYLK\JLKMYVT[OV\ZHUK4>O[VQ\Z[ 4>O4PUPZ[LYPVKL,ULYNPH!)`HIV\[VM[OLTPSSPVU4VaHTIPJHUZOHKHJJLZZ[VJSLHULULYN`TPSSPVUWLVWSLOH]LHJJLZZ[VO`KYVWV^LYHUKHUHKKP[PVUHSTPSSPVUto solar panels0U-LIY\HY`WYP]H[LO`KYVWV^LYJVTWHUPLZ^LYLNP]LU[OLNVHOLHK[VJVUZ[Y\J[[^VO`KYVLSLJ[YPJWSHU[ZHSVUN[OLAHTILaP9P]LY[OH[^PSSWYVK\JLTLNH^H[[ZVMLSLJ[YPJP[`H[H[PTL;OLHWWYV]HSVM[OL5H[PVUHS.YLLU,JVUVT`:[YH[LN`HUKYLZWLJ[P]L(J[PVU7SHU^OPJOZ\WWVY[Z[OLSPURIL[^LLUJSPTH[LJOHUNLHUKUH[\YHSYLZV\YJLZTH`W\ZO[OLJV\U[Y`[VTV]LMVY^HYK[VHULU]PYVUTLU[HSS`MYPLUKS`LJVUVT YLPUMVYJPUN[OLSVUN[LYTWVSP[PJHSJVTTP[TLU[MVY**+

9LZWVUKLU[ZMYVT[OLNV]LYUTLU[ZLJ[VYOH]LOPNOSPNO[LK[OLZLKL]LSVWTLU[ZHZL]PKLUJLVMWVSP[PJHSJVTTP[TLU[HUKHSVUN[LYT]PZPVUI`[OLNV]LYUTLU[HUKOH]LYLMLYYLK[V[OPZHZJY\JPHSMVY**+/V^L]LYPU[OL]HSPKH[PVU^VYRZOVWWHY[PJPWHU[ZMYVTJP]PSZVJPL[`^LYLZJLW[PJHSHIV\[UL^KL]LSVWTLU[ZVUJVHSHUKVU[PTILYSVNNPUN;OLJV\U[Y`PZL_WLJ[PUN[VZ[HY[I\YUPUNJVHS[VWYVK\JLLSLJ[YPJP[`HUK[PTILYSVNNPUNOHZPUJYLHZLKZ[LHKPS`VU^OH[ZVTLOH]LJHSSLKº*OPULZL[HRLH^H`»4HJRLUaPL(ZVULWHY[PJPWHU[MYVT[OLJP]PSZVJPL[`W\[P[!

“We need to be clear that all LɈVY[ZZVMHYTH`ILT\S[PWSPLKI`aLYVPM^LHYLUV[HISL[VJVU[YVS[PTILYSVNNPUNHUKKVnot know what to do with the JVHS¹

3LZZVU

.SVIHSHNLUKHZHUKM\UKPUNHYLOPNOS`YLSL]HU[MVYW\ZOPUNthe national CCD agenda4VaHTIPX\L»ZJVTTP[TLU[[VLU]PYVUTLU[HSPZZ\LZYLÅLJ[Z[VHSHYNLL_[LU[P[ZJVTTP[TLU[Z[VNSVIHSHNLUKHZ4VaHTIPX\LYH[PÄLK[OL[OYLL9PVJVU]LU[PVUZHUKTHU`V[OLYZ\IZLX\LU[NSVIHS[YLH[PLZ)`YH[PM`PUN[OLJV\U[Y`PZVISPNLK[VW\YZ\LHUKYLWVY[NSVIHSS`VUP[Z**+TLHZ\YLZ-VY[OPZ[OLcountry has also been entitled access to

NSVIHSM\UKZJYLH[LKMVYJV\U[YPLZ[VW\YZ\L[OLHNLUKH9LZWVUKLU[ZOH]LKPZJ\ZZLK[OH[ILJH\ZLVMNSVIHSHNLUKHZNV]LYUTLU[can claim international funds and international

KVUVYZJHUKLTHUKUH[PVUHSHJ[PVU

“Signing international treaties is PTWVY[HU[MVY\Z4VaHTIPX\LILJVTLZLSPNPISL[VM\UKZHUK^LKVUVYZJHUHS^H`Z\ZL[OPZ[VQ\Z[PM`[VV\YJVUZ[P[\LU[ZPUOVTLJV\U[YPLZ^O`^LHYLM\UKPUN[OPZJV\U[Y ¹0U[LY]PL^^P[OHKVUVYYLWYLZLU[H[P]L

;OPZPZLZWLJPHSS`UV[PJLHISL[OYV\NO[OLLZ[HISPZOTLU[VM[OL7YVNYHTTL(PK7HY[ULYZOPW7(7¶HQVPU[JVTTP[TLU[I`KVUVYZHUKUH[PVUHSNV]LYUTLU[[VW\YZ\LºNVVK»KL]LSVWTLU[PU[LY]LU[PVUZHJYVZZT\S[PWSLZLJ[VYZ)LJH\ZLVM4VaHTIPX\L»Zdependence on the international community

HZMYVTUV^HIV\[VM[OLNV]LYUTLU[I\KNL[JVTLZMYVTL_[LYUHSKVUVYZinternational funds are still very relevant

to frame and implement the national

KL]LSVWTLU[HNLUKH

12 Group discussion at the INGC130U[LY]PL^ZH[40*6( 0U[LY]PL^TPUPZ[Y`VMLULYN`[VTLKPH5V]LTILY

O[[W!^^ ]LU[\YLZHMYPJHJVTTVaHTIPX\LVRZJVUZ[Y\J[PVUVM[^VT^JHWHJP[`O`KYVWV^LYWSHU[Z (accessed

[O-LIY\HY`

1. CCD

requires long-

term vision

and political

commitment

2. Global

agendas and

funding are

extremely

relevant for

pushing

national CCD

agendas

3. Active

national

citizenship is

relevant for the

national CCD

agenda

4. Disasters

can catalyze

national and

global CCD

political

commitments

5. Policies

are not per

se enough for

countries to

pursue CCD

6. Limited

harmonization

RIGLσHUHQWpolicy

frameworks

limits CCD

agenda

7. Limited

knowledge

of CCD

policies in the

countryside

limits CCD

agenda

LESSONS LEARNED ON POLICY DEVELOPMENT

26 27

3LZZVU

(J[P]LUH[PVUHSJP[PaLUZOPWPZrelevant for global agendas on **+[VIL[\YULKPU[VUH[PVUHSWVSPJ`MYHTL^VYRZ0U[LY]PL^LLZWVPU[LKV\[[OH[P[PZUV[LUV\NO[OH[[OLJV\U[Y`ZPNUZNSVIHS[YLH[PLZHUKHJJLZZLZNSVIHSM\UKZ(Z[YVUNUH[PVUHSJP]PSsociety is important for these to be turned into

WVSPJPLZHUKUH[PVUHSZ[YH[LNPLZ-VYL_HTWSLin order that small scale farmers and poor

households remain entitled to their land and

MVYLZ[Y HUH[PVUHSJHTWHPNUCampanha Terra^HZSH\UJOLKPU ^OPJOSLK[V[OLHWWYV]HSVMUH[PVUHSSHUKHUKMVYLZ[Y`SH^Zin 1997 that protect poor farmers and their

LU]PYVUTLU[¶NSVIHSS`YLJVNUPZLKHZVULVM[OLILZ[SHUKSH^ZPU[OL^VYSK0[HSZVOLSWLKPU[OLZL[[SPUNVM[OL5H[PVUHS*V\UJPSMVY:\Z[HPUHISL+L]LSVWTLU[*65+,:H[40*6(

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28 29

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SECTION 4

Institutional Arrangements,

Coordination and Leadership

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30 31

05;96+<*;065AND SUMMARY OF INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS, COORDINATION AND LEADERSHIP

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32 33

3,::65:3,(95,+ON INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS, COORDINATION AND LEADERSHIP

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LESSONS LEARNED ON INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS, COORDINATION AND LEADERSHIP

7. CSO

still weakly

organized

and under-

represented

in the CCD

debate

8. Private

sector needs

clarity on

EHQHðWVRIengaging CCD

9. Building and

empowering

institutions

takes time

and long-term

commitment

10. De-

centralization

is necessary

for an

HσHFWLYH&&'

11. Database

and reporting

systems are

necessary for

HσHFWLYH&&'

1. Weak inter-

institutional

coordination

2. Intra-

and inter-

institutional

competition

usurping of

mandates and

duplication of

HσRUWV

3. Limited

resources for

implementation

and monitoring

4. Fast policy

development,

limited time

IRUUHñHFWLRQand alliance

building

6WDσturnover

hampers the

implementation

of CCD

6. Proliferation

of unmonitored

indicators

12. Need to clarify

and inform others

of the roles and

responsibilities

RIGLσHUHQWgovernment

entities directly

linked to climate

change issues

34 35

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And someone from the UN system provided

[OLMVSSV^PUNL_HTWSLVMK\WSPJH[PVU!

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Private sector needs clarity VU[OLILULÄ[ZVMWSH`PUNHUactive role in CCDThe private sector is crucial in the climate

JOHUNLHNLUKH;OLPYPU[LY]LU[PVUJHUOLSWVYhinder adaptation measures and importantly

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;OVZL^OVH[[LTW[LK[VHWWS`MVY[OL*SLHU+L]LSVWTLU[4LJOHUPZTZ*+4OH]LZLLUtheir proposals rejected either nationally or

38 39

at the international levels and furthermore

[OLYLX\PYLTLU[Z[VHJJLZZ[OLJSPTH[LM\UKZare beyond the capacities and means of

TVZ[SVJHSWYP]H[LZLJ[VYVYNHUPZH[PVUZ;OLprivate sector has been invited to participate

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PUJVUZPZ[LU[HUKSPTP[LK

The representative of the private sector

claimed that there is a need for a much more

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Currently there are misconceptions such

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5LLK[VJSHYPM`HUKPUMVYTothers of the roles and YLZWVUZPIPSP[PLZVMKPɈLYLU[NV]LYUTLU[LU[P[PLZKPYLJ[S`SPURLK[VJSPTH[LJOHUNLPZZ\LZ(U\TILYVMNV]LYUTLU[HSPUZ[P[\[PVUZWSH`YVSLZVUJSPTH[LJOHUNL(ZWYL]PV\ZS`L_WSHPULK40*6(PZ[OLSLHKPUNPUZ[P[\[PVUI\[[OLYLHYLHSZV[OL05.*[OL47+[OL4PUPZ[Y`VM-PUHUJL[OL*VUZLSOV5HJPVUHSWHYH+LZLU]VS]PTLU[V:\Z[LU[m]LS5H[PVUHS*V\UJPSMVY:\Z[HPUHISL+L]LSVWTLU[¶*65+,:[OL<4*[OL-\UKV5H[PVUHS(TIPLU[L5H[PVUHS,U]PYVUTLU[-\UK¶-<5()[OL.Y\WV0U[LY0UZ[P[\JPVUHSWHYH4\KHUsHZ*SPTm[PJHZ0U[LY0UZ[P[\[PVUHS.YV\WVU*SPTH[L*OHUNL¶.004*[OL*.*4*[OLConselho Tecnico de Gestão de Calamidades

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41

SECTION 5

Planning and Budgeting

Mechanisms

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*VVYKPUH[PVUHUKSLHKLYZOPWKVLZUV[OHWWLUQ\Z[ILJH\ZL[OLYLPZHWVSPJ`THUKH[L*VVYKPUH[PUNSLHKLYZOPWPZULLKLKMVY[OLVUNVPUNLɈVY[VMLUNHNPUNWHY[ULYZPUH[YHUZWHYLU[HUKZ`Z[LTH[PJTHUULYPUWYVJLZZLZ[OH[HɈLJ[[OLPYL]LY`KH`SP]LZ0[HWWLHYZ[OH[40*6(Z[PSSULLKZZ\WWVY[PU[LYTZVMO\THUYLZV\YJLZHUKÄUHUJPHSTLHUZ[V\UKLY[HRL[OPZ[HZR

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0THNL!*0-F77*9F4VaHTIPX\LFI`CIF Action is licensed under **)@

42 43

05;96+<*;065(5+SUMMARY ON PLANNING AND BUDGETING MECHANISMS

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47+OHZILLUZ[YLUN[OLUPUNP[ZJHWHJP[`[VLTILKJSPTH[LJOHUNLPU[V[OLWSHUUPUNWYVJLZZ6]LY[OLWHZ[Ä]L`LHYZHUK[OYV\NOHU\TILYVMWYVNYHTZZ\JOHZ[OL(MYPJHU(KHW[H[PVU7YVNYHTTL((7[OL(MYPJHU*SPTH[L*OHUNL9LZPSPLUJL(**9(WYVNYHTTLHUK;YHJRPUN(KHW[H[PVUHUK4LHZ\YPUN+L]LSVWTLU[;(4+HU\TILYVM47+Z[HɈH[UH[PVUHSWYV]PUJPHSHUKKPZ[YPJ[SL]LSZ^LYL[YHPULKVUOV^[VPUJS\KLJSPTH[LJOHUNLPUWSHUUPUN

(WHY[MYVT[OL[YHPUPUNWYVNYHTTLZTLU[PVULKH[[OLJLU[YHS47+PU4HW\[V[OLYLPZHMVJHSWVPU[VUJSPTH[LJOHUNLPZZ\LZ^OVWYV]PKLZHK]PJLVU[OLPZZ\L^OLUL]LYZVSPJP[LKVYPUWHY[ULYZOPW^P[O40*6([VVYNHUPaL[YHPUPUNZMVYV[OLYPUZ[P[\[PVUZ

+LZWP[L[OLZLHJOPL]LTLU[ZTHU`ZLJ[VYZZ[PSSSHJRJSPTH[LJOHUNLRUV^SLKNL[VHSSV^MVYWYVWLYI\KNL[PUN)\PSKPUNJVKLZ\UKLYJSPTH[LJOHUNLHYLJ\YYLU[S`UV[H]HPSHISLHUKYVHKZOV\ZLZHUKTHU`V[OLYW\ISPJPUMYHZ[Y\J[\YLHYLILPUNI\PS[\ZPUN[OL¸I\ZPULZZHZ\Z\HS¹HWWYVHJO;OPZPZHZOVY[[LYTHUKYPZR`L_LYJPZL^OPJOJVZ[ZHZPNUPÄJHU[HTV\U[VMTVUL`L]LY``LHYHUKJV\SKSLHK[VTV\U[PUNSVUNLY[LYTJVZ[Z

LESSONS LEARNED ON PLANNING AND BUDGETING

1. Planning for

CCD requires

climate change

knowledge

'LσHUHQWperceptions

on climate

change limits

planning and

budgeting for

CCD

3. Government

is far ahead

on planning

and budgeting

CCD that CSO

and private

sector

4. De-

centralization

with budget

SD\VRσ

5. Planning for

CCD requires

DGLσHUHQWmindset

'HðQLQJpriority

interventions

for CCD is

contentious

-PN\YL!:\TTHY`SLZZVUZSLHYULKVUWSHUUPUNHUKI\KNL[PUN

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helped many households to reduce their

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As pointed out by a representative from

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47

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SECTION 6

Funding Mechanisms

0THNL!*0-F77*9F4VaHTIPX\LFI`CIF Action is licensed under **)@

48 49

05;96+<*;065(5+SUMMARY ON FUNDING MECHANISMS

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JOHUNL;OLZLJHUIL[OL(KHW[H[PVU-\UKGreen Climate Fund or any other that may

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¸>LHYLH[[OL[\YUPUNWVPU[Either we change to lead in [OPZWYVJLZZVY^LTH`ILSLM[V\[>LKLJPKLK[OH[^LULLK[VJOHUNL[VSLHK[OLWYVJLZZ/LUJLRL`Z[LWZHUKYHKPJHSchanges have been taking WSHJL-PYZ[^LKLJPKLK^Lneed a direction and now we HYLÄUPZOPUNV\YZ[YH[LNPJWSHU^OPJOZL[Z[OLKPYLJ[PVU:LJVUK^LKLJPKLKMVYPUJS\ZP]LULZZHUKV\YIVHYKUV^PUJS\KLZUL^Z[HRLOVSKLYZZ\JOHZWYP]H[LZLJ[VYHUKZVVU^PSSPUJS\KLHJHKLTPHHUK*:6;OPYKPUVYKLY[VHJJLZZJSPTH[LM\UKZ[OLYL^HZHJHWHJP[`HZZLZZTLU[[V-<5()^OPJOV\[SPULKV\YZ[YLUN[OZHUKTHPU^LHRWVPU[ZHUK*+25HUK274.OH]LOLSWLK\Z[VV]LYJVTL[OLZL^LHRWVPU[Z;OLZL^LYLTHPUS`HYV\UKHKTPUPZ[YH[PVUUVYTZHUKY\SLZ

1. FUNAB still

limited but fast

growing

2. Donor’s

shifting

agendas

DσHFWV&&'

3. Funds not

a problem but

capacity to

mobilize and

manage

'LσHUHQWcapacity to

mobilize and

manage funds

across actors

and sectors

5. Reaching

the poor is

still a big

challenge

6. Weak

M&E system

on CCD

interventions

7. Weak

database on

IXQGLQJñRZ

LESSONS LEARNED ON FUNDING MECHANISMS

50 51

>LOH]LUV^ZL[[SLKH9LZ\S[)HZLK:`Z[LT^LOH]LHTVUP[VYPUNHUKL]HS\H[PVUZ`Z[LTHUK^LHYLÄUHSPZPUN[OLYLZV\YJLTVIPSPaH[PVUZ[YH[LN >LOH]LHSZVYLJY\P[LKHKKP[PVUHSZ[HɈTLTILYZ[VOLSWPTWYV]PUNÄUHUJPHSTHUHNLTLU[HUK^LHYLZ[PSSKPZJ\ZZPUNM\Y[OLYTLHZ\YLZWe want stakeholders to believe PU-<5()HUK^LKVU»[^HU[[VSVVRSPRLI\[^L^HU[[VIL¹

)\[[OL*,6OHZHSZVUV[LK!

¸¯[OLYLZ[Y\J[\YPUNWYVJLZZ^HZUV[TLHU[MVY[OLHJJYLKP[H[PVUMVY[OL(-I\[PTWVY[HU[S`MVYV\YZLS]LZZV[OH[MYVTUV^VU^LJHUI\PSK[Y\Z[HUKJYLKPIPSP[ >OLU`V\HYLJYLKPISLHSSWLVWSL^PSSQVPU`V\¹

3LZZVU

+VUVYZ»ZOPM[PUNHNLUKHZHɈLJ[**+PU[LY]LU[PVUZPU4VaHTIPX\L0U[OLWYL]PV\ZZLJ[PVUP[^HZZ[H[LK[OH[NV]LYUTLU[HZ^LSSHZ5.6I\KNL[ZKLWLUK[VHSHYNLL_[LU[VUKVUVYZ

:VTLPU[LY]PL^LKZ\JOHZH[<5(*HUK**4OH]LZ[YLZZLK[OH[ZVTLKVUVYZOHKMHJLKKPɉJ\S[PLZPUJVTWS`PUN^P[O[OLPYWYVTPZLZV]LY[OLWHZ[Ä]L`LHYZLP[OLYILJH\ZL[OL`^P[OKYL^M\UKPUNK\L[V[OLNSVIHSÄUHUJPHSJYPZPZVYILJH\ZL[OL`ZOPM[LK[OLPYHNLUKH0U[OLHUU\HSTLL[PUNZ^P[O[OL

UH[PVUHS)\KNL[:\WWVY[KVUVYZRUV^UHZ.[OL.V]LYUTLU[OHZYLWLH[LKS`Z[YLZZLK[OLPTWHJ[VM[OPZPZZ\L[VKVUVYZ;OPZHɈLJ[ZWSHUUPUNHUKPTWSLTLU[H[PVUHZL_LTWSPÄLKI`[OLX\V[H[PVUMYVTHZ[HɈTLTILYMYVTVUL5.6!

“We had three years ago HSP]LSPOVVKWYVQLJ[^OPJOPUJS\KLKMVYLZ[THUHNLTLU[HUKHNYPJ\S[\YL0[^HZMVY`LHYZ;OLUH[[OLLUKVM[OLÄYZ[`LHY^L^LYL[VSK[OH[[OLWYVQLJ[^V\SKILYLK\JLK[V`LHYZK\L[VÄUHUJPHSJYPZPZThen after the second year we ^LYL[VSK[OH[WHY[VM[OLI\KNL[^V\SKILJOHUULSSLKMVYNVVKNV]LYUHUJLHUKNLUKLYLX\P[`ZV[OLSP]LSPOVVKI\KNL[^HZJ\[HUKZVTLVMT`JVSSLHN\LZ^LYLKPZTPZZLKL]LUILMVYL[OL[O`LHY¹

(UV[OLYOHZHKKLK!

¸6ULJYP[PJHSPZZ\LVUM\UKPUNPZ[OH[^LKLWLUKVUKVUVY»ZPU[LYLZ[;OL`KLÄUL[OLSPULZand we have to dance their T\ZPJ:VPMP[PZUV[HWYPVYP[`MVYKVUVYZ[OLU^LKVU»[OH]LM\UKPUNHUKOH]L[VTV]L[VUL^[OLTLZ;OLYLZ\S[PZ^OH[OHWWLULKPU+\L[VÄUHUJPHSJYPZPZSV[ZVMJP]PSZVJPL[`VYNHUPaH[PVUZJYHTISLKILJH\ZLM\UKZILJHTL]LY`SPTP[LK¹

3LZZVU

-\UKZPU[OLTZLS]LZHYLUV[[OLTHPUWYVISLTI\[YH[OLY[OL[LJOUPJHSL_WLY[PZL[VTVIPSPaLHUKTHUHNLNSVIHSM\UKZ+LZWP[LHKPZJV\YZLVUSHJRVMM\UKZMVYPTWSLTLU[H[PVUVMWVSPJPLZHUKZ[YH[LNPLZVUJSPTH[LJOHUNLWLVWSL[OH[H[[LUKLK[OL=HSPKH[PVU>VYRZOVWPU4HW\[V4HYJOhave noted that the problem is not the non-

L_PZ[LUJLVYJOHUNPUNUH[\YLVMPU[LYUH[PVUHSfunds but rather the national technical

JHWHJP[`[VHJJLZZ[OLT;OPZPZILJH\ZLfunds are provided under competitive bids

and for such endeavours institutions need

WLVWSL[V^YP[LNVVKWYVWVZHSZPU,UNSPZO^OPJOPZ[OLTHPUJOHSSLUNL40*6(OHZWYV]PKLKHSPZ[VMTVYL[OHUM\UKPUNZV\YJLZVUJSPTH[LJOHUNLHUKTHU`Z[HɈat national level have been trained on project

^YP[PUNI\[^OLUP[JVTLZ[V^YP[PUNHNVVKSLNPISLWYVWVZHSPU,UNSPZOPUZ[P[\[PVUZHYLISVJRLK4VZ[VM[OLWYVQLJ[ZVUJSPTH[LJOHUNLPU4VaHTIPX\LHYLKL]LSVWLKI`JVU[YHJ[LK,UNSPZOZWLHRPUNJVUZ\S[HU[ZVYI`[OL<5,UNSPZOZWLHRPUNZ[HɈ[OYV\NOP[ZKPɈLYLU[\UP[Z;OPZPZOPNOSPNO[LKI`[OL5(7((S[OV\NO[OL5(7(^HZHWWYV]LKPU2007 and climate funds for NAPAs have been

[OLYLL]LYZPUJLVUS`VUL5(7(WYVQLJ[OHZILLUZLJ\YLK^OPJO^HZHJ[\HSS`^YP[[LUI`HUPU[LYUH[PVUHSJVUZ\S[HU[(Z[HɈTLTILYMYVT<5+7OHZWVPU[LK[OPZV\[PU[OLMVSSV^PUN[LYTZ!

¸0MVULSVVRZIHJR4VaHTIPX\LYLJLP]LKSV[VMM\UKZHM[LY[OLÅVVKPUN^OLUSV[ZVMPU[LYUH[PVUHSZ[HɈ^LYLZ[PSSHYV\UKI\[[OLU0[OPUR^L^LYLUV[HISL[VZ\Z[HPU[OH[HTV\U[VMM\UKZ6U[OLV[OLY^LOH]LOHKNVVKWYVNYLZZVU+99V]LY

[OLWHZ[`LHYZHUK^LULLK[VTHRLZ\YL[OH[^L^PSSILHISL[VZ\Z[HPU[OLZLWYVNYLZZLZHUK[OPZ^PSSYLX\PYLM\UKZV]LY[PTL0[OPUR^LOH]LWLVWSLHISL[VKV[OPUNZPU4VaHTIPX\LL]LU[V^YP[LNVVKWYVWVZHSZ7LVWSLOH]LSPTP[H[PVUZ[VL_WYLZZ[OLTZLS]LZPU,UNSPZOI\[[OLYLHYLNVVKHUK^LSSX\HSPÄLKWLVWSLHYV\UKPU4VaHTIPX\L¹

:VTLVULPU[LY]PL^LKMYVT[OLNV]LYUTLU[OHZHSZVWVPU[LKV\[!

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52 53

TVIPSPaPUNM\UKZ^OPSLTHU`V[OLYZLZWLJPHSS`those that are service provides such as

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2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 20100.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 20100.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

Cereal Yield National 7\SZLZ@PLSK5H[PVUHS

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+VUVYZ»JVTTP[TLU[ZVUJSPTH[LM\UKZULLK[VILZ[HISLZLJ\YLHUK[YHUZWHYLU[ZV[OH[ZOVY[HUKSVUN[LYTPU[LY]LU[PVUZ[VHKKYLZZSVUN[LYTPTWHJ[ZVMJSPTH[LJOHUNLHUKSVUN[LYTH[[LTW[ZVMYLK\JPUN./.HYLUV[\UKLYTPULK

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SECTION 7

Knowledge-Based Planning on CCD

56 57

05;96+<*;065AND SUMMARY ON THE KNOWLEDGE BASE FOR CCD

;OPZZLJ[PVUWYV]PKLZHUV]LY]PL^VM[OLRUV^SLKNLIHZLMVY**+PU4VaHTIPX\LAnalysis and lessons learned over these

HZWLJ[Z^PSSILWYLZLU[LKPUZLJ[PVUHUKJHUILZLLUILSV^PU-PN\YL

4VaHTIPX\LOHZHSVUNOPZ[VY`VMJSPTH[LYLSH[LKKPZHZ[LYZPUJS\KPUNÅVVKZKYV\NO[ZJ`JSVULZHUKJSPTH[LPUK\JLKWSHN\LZ3VJHSWLVWSLHUKUH[PVUHSYLZLHYJOLYZhave produced a comprehensive body of

RUV^SLKNLVUOV^WLVWSLHKKYLZZJSPTH[Lissues and this tacit (or documented) and

VYHSVYUV[KVJ\TLU[LKRUV^SLKNLOHZILLU\ZLKV]LY[PTL[VMYHTLWVSPJPLZHUKPU[LY]LU[PVUZ;OLTLZZHNLMYVTJSPTH[LZJPLUJLPZ[OH[[OLZLVSKTHUPMLZ[H[PVUZ^PSS[LUK[VPUJYLHZLPUMYLX\LUJ`HUKPU[LUZP[ HɈLJ[PUNVSKHUKUL^HYLHZHUK^LJV\SKL_WLJ[UL^THUPMLZ[H[PVUZ[VHYPZL:[\KPLZMYVT[OL05.* "HUK>VYSK)HUROH]LZOLKSPNO[VUM\[\YLJSPTH[Lconditions and outlined intervention areas

MVYHKHW[H[PVUHUKTP[PNH[PVU;OPZSLK[V[OL

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/LUJLPU4VaHTIPX\L[OLYLPZUV[HZPUNSLmoment and study that could be declared

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2,@3,::65:LEARNED ON KNOWLEDGE

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SVJHSRUV^SLKNLHUKP[ZWYVJLZZVMWYVK\J[PVUHUKPTWHJ[ZVUWLVWSL»ZWYHJ[PJLZ

LESSONS LEARNED ON KNOWLEDGE FOR CCD PLANNING

1. Climate

change

expertise is

on the rise

6FLHQWLðFclimate change

knowledge

QRWVXτFLHQWO\DQGHσHFWLYHO\disseminated

3. Limited

appreciation

and

documentation

of local

knowledge

4. Limited

lessons

learned on

CCD

5. Challenges

in translating

climate change

knowledge

into really

practical

interventions

6. Key climate

change

knowledge

needs to be

in Portuguese

and local

languages

58

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SLHYULK6YNHUPaH[PVUZKVWYVK\JLX\HY[LYS annual and other reports but these are not

TLHU[MVYHUL_[LYUHSHUKW\ISPJH\KPLUJLKey lessons (either positive or failures) are

OHYKS`KVJ\TLU[LKHUKZOHYLK^P[OH^PKLYH\KPLUJL4HU`OH]LHK]VJH[LK[OH[L]LY`ZPUNSLWYVQLJ[ZOV\SKW\[KVJ\TLU[H[PVUVMlessons learned as one of its pivotal activities

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;YHUZSH[PVUVMZJPLU[PÄJJSPTH[LRUV^SLKNL[VYLHSWYHJ[PJHSPU[LY]LU[PVUMHJLZKV\ISLchallenges*SPTH[LHKHW[H[PVUPU[LY]LU[PVUZ[HRLWSHJLH[SVJHSSL]LSZ^OLYLPUKLLK[OLZJPLU[PÄJ\UKLYZ[HUKPUNVMJSPTH[LJOHUNLPZZ[PSSSPTP[LK/LUJLTVZ[VM[OLZ[HɈPU]VS]LKPUY\UUPUNclimate interventions at the rural local level

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An assessment on a climate project by FAO in

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60 61

SECTION 8

Conclusions and Key Recommendations

*65*3<:065:;OPZYLWVY[OHZSVVRLKH[4VaHTIPX\L»ZL_WLYPLUJLZPUWSHUUPUNHUKPTWSLTLU[PUNJSPTH[LJVTWH[PISLKL]LSVWTLU[**+-VY[OPZLUKLH]V\Y[OLYLWVY[\ZLKHMYHTL^VYR^OPJOHKKYLZZLZ[OLWSHUUPUNHUKPTWSLTLU[H[PVUVM**+HZKLWLUKPUNVUTHPUJVTWVULU[Z-PYZ[PUVYKLYMVYHJV\U[Y`[VW\YZ\L**+P[ULLKZ[VZL[P[ZYLN\SH[VY`MYHTL^VYR^OPJOPUJS\KLZWVSPJPLZHUKZ[YH[LNPLZMVY**+"ZLJVUK[OLJV\U[Y`T\Z[JYLH[LHUHKLX\H[LPUZ[P[\[PVUHSSHUKZJHWL[OH[JHUPTWSLTLU[[OLWVSPJ`MYHTL^VYR"[OPYKS P[ULLKZWSHUUPUNHUKM\UKPUNTLJOHUPZTZ^OPJOHYLHSPNULK[V**+-PUHSS`HSS[OLZLKPTLUZPVUZLZWLJPHSS`[OL[OPYKVUWSHUUPUNULLK[VILRUV^SLKNLIHZLK;OYV\NOV\[[OL]HYPV\ZZLJ[PVUZ[OLYLWVY[SVVRLKH[[OLZLKPTLUZPVUZHUKIHZLKVU[OH[[OLMVSSV^PUNRL`JVUJS\ZPVUZHYLKYH^U!

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62 63

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SECTION 9

References

64 65

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SECTION 10

PeopleInterviewed

66 67

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MORE INFORMATION

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