Report card: Brazil...Report card Brazil 1 Contents Page Obesity prevalence 2 Trend: % Adults living...

Report cardBrazil

1

Contents Page

Obesity prevalence 2

Trend: % Adults living with obesity, 1975-2014 4

Trend: % Adults living with overweight or obesity, 1975-2014 6


Trend: % Adults living with overweight or obesity, 2006-2019 11



Overweight/obesity by education 18

Overweight/obesity by age 22

Overweight/obesity by region 24

Overweight/obesity by socio-economic group 28

Insufficient physical activity 30

Estimated per capita fruit intake 36

Estimated per-capita processed meat intake 37

Estimated per capita whole grains intake 38

Mental health - depression disorders 39

Mental health - anxiety disorders 40

Oesophageal cancer 41

Breast cancer 43

Colorectal cancer 44

Pancreatic cancer 46

Gallbladder cancer 48

Kidney cancer 50

Cancer of the uterus 52

Raised blood pressure 53

Raised cholesterol 56

Raised fasting blood glucose 59

Diabetes prevalence 61

Health systems 62

Obesity prevalence

Adults, 2019

Adults Men Women0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Obesity Overweight

%

Survey type: Self-reported

Age: 18+

Sample size: 52443

Area covered: Regional

References: Vigitel Brazil 2019: surveillance of risk and protective factors for chronic diseases by telephone survey: estimates of

frequency and sociodemographic distribution of risk and protective factors for chronic diseases in the capitals of the 26

Brazilian states and the Federal District in 2019 - report translation provided to WOF by Dra.Andrea Pereira, Presidente e

co-fundadora da ONG Obesidade Brasil

Notes: Data from Capitals of 26 Brazilian States and the Federal District

Unless otherwise noted, overweight refers to a BMI between 25kg and 29.9kg/m², obesity refers to a BMI greater than 30kg/m².

2

Children, 2013-2014

Children Boys Girls0

5

10

15

20

25

Obesity Overweight

%

Survey type: Measured

Age: 12-17

Sample size: 73399

Area covered: National

References: Bloch KV, Klein CH,Szklo M, Kuschnir MCC, Abreu GA, Barufaldi LA et al. ERICA: prevalences of hypertension and

obesity in Brazilian adolescents. Rev Saude Publica. 2016;50(suppl 1):9s.

Notes: Z Score Cut Off (1 to 2 Obesity

Cutoffs: WHO

3

% Adults living with obesity, 1975-2014

Men

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20150

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Obesity

% o

besi

ty


References: For full details of references visit https://data.worldobesity.org/


Different methodologies may have been used to collect this data and so data from different surveys may not be strictly comparable. Please

check with original data sources for methodologies used.

4

Women

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20150

5

10

15

20

25

Obesity

% o

besi

ty






5

% Adults living with overweight or obesity, 1975-2014

Men

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140

10

20

30

40

50

60

Overweight or obesity

% o

verw

eigh

t or o

besi

ty






6

Women

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140

10

20

30

40

50

60


% o

verw

eigh

t or o

besi

ty






7


Women

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 20180

5

10

15

20

Obesity





8

Men and women

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 20180

5

10

15

20

Obesity





9

Men

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 20180

5

10

15

20

Obesity





10

% Adults living with overweight or obesity, 2006-2019

Women

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 20180

10

20

30

40

50






11

Men and women

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 20180

10

20

30

40

50






12

Men

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 20180

10

20

30

40

50

60






13


Men

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 20200

10

20

30

40

50

Obesity, Bahamas Obesity, Brazil Obesity, Chile Obesity, Mexico Obesity, United States

% A

dults

livi

ng w

ith o

besi

ty

References: For full details of references visit

https://data.worldobesity.org/



14

Women

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 20200

10

20

30

40

50

Obesity, Bahamas Obesity, Brazil Obesity, Chile Obesity, Colombia Obesity, GuatemalaObesity, Haiti Obesity, Mexico Obesity, Peru Obesity, United States

% A

dults

livi

ng w

ith o

besi

ty





15


Men

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 20200

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Obesity, Australia Obesity, Brazil Obesity, Chile Obesity, Cuba Obesity, EnglandObesity, Finland Obesity, Japan Obesity, Scotland Obesity, Sweden Obesity, United States

% A

dults

livi

ng w

ith o

besi

ty





16

Women

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 20200

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Obesity, Australia Obesity, Brazil Obesity, Chile Obesity, Cuba Obesity, EnglandObesity, Finland Obesity, Japan Obesity, Scotland Obesity, Sweden Obesity, United States

% A

dults

livi

ng w

ith o

besi

ty





17

Overweight/obesity by education

Men, 2019

0-8 9-11 12+0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Obesity Overweight

%


Age: 18+

Sample size: 52443






Notes: Data from Capitals of 26 Brazilian States and the Federal District Education based on years of education


18

Women, 2019

0-8 9-11 12+0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Obesity Overweight

%


Age: 18+

Sample size: 52443






Notes: Data from Capitals of 26 Brazilian States and the Federal District Education based on years of education


19

Boys, 2007

0-8 9-11 ≥ 120

5

10

15

20

25

30


%


Age: 7-14

Sample size: 2826

Area covered: Subnational - Municipality of Florianópolis

References: Bernardo, Carla de Oliveira, & Vasconcelos, Francisco de Assis Guedes de. (2012). Association of parents' nutritional

status, and sociodemographic and dietary factors with overweight/obesity in schoolchildren 7 to 14 years old. Cadernos

de Saúde Pública,28(2), 291-304. Retrieved April 04, 2016, from

http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-311X2012000200008&lng=en&tlng=en.

Notes: Prevalence of obesity based on Father's schooling years. For the analyses, the schoolchildren were classified into two

groups: not overweight or obese (values equivalent to BMI < 25kg/m2 in adults) and overweight or obese (values

equivalent to BMI ≥ 25kg/m2 in adults)

Cutoffs: IOTF

20


Girls, 2007

0-8 9-11 ≥ 120

5

10

15

20


%


Age: 7-14

Sample size: 2826

Area covered: Subnational - Municipality of Florianópolis

References: Bernardo, Carla de Oliveira, & Vasconcelos, Francisco de Assis Guedes de. (2012). Association of parents' nutritional

status, and sociodemographic and dietary factors with overweight/obesity in schoolchildren 7 to 14 years old. Cadernos

de Saúde Pública,28(2), 291-304. Retrieved April 04, 2016, from


Notes: Prevalence of obesity based on Father's schooling years. For the analyses, the schoolchildren were classified into two

groups: not overweight or obese (values equivalent to BMI < 25kg/m2 in adults) and overweight or obese (values

equivalent to BMI ≥ 25kg/m2 in adults)

Cutoffs: IOTF

21


Overweight/obesity by age

Adults, 2019

Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men WomenAge 18-24 Age 25-34 Age 35-44 Age 45-54 Age 55-64 Age 65+

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Obesity Overweight

%


Sample size: 52443








22

Children, 2013-2014

Boys Girls Boys GirlsAge 12-14 Age 15-17

0

5

10

15

20

25

Obesity Overweight

%


Sample size: 73399


References: Bloch KV, Klein CH,Szklo M, Kuschnir MCC, Abreu GA, Barufaldi LA et al. ERICA: prevalences of hypertension and

obesity in Brazilian adolescents. Rev Saude Publica. 2016;50(suppl 1):9s.

Definitions: WHO

Cutoffs: WHO

23

Overweight/obesity by region

Men, 2019

Aracaju

Belem

Belo H

orizonte

Boa V

ista

Cam

po Grande

Cuiaba

Curitiba

Distrito Federal

Florianopolis

Fortaleza

Goiania

Joao Pessoa

Macapa

Maceio

Manaus

Natal

Palmas

Porto Alegre

Porto Velho

Recife

Rio B

ranco

Rio de Janeiro

Salvador

Sao Luis

Sao Paulo

Teresina

Vitoria

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Obesity Overweight

%


Age: 18+

Sample size: 52443








24

Women, 2019

Aracaju

Belem

Belo H

orizonte

Boa V

ista

Cam

po Grande

Cuiaba

Curitiba

Distrito Federal

Florianopolis

Fortaleza

Goiania

Joao Pessoa

Macapa

Maceio

Manaus

Natal

Palmas

Porto Alegre

Porto Velho

Recife

Rio B

ranco

Rio de Janeiro

Salvador

Sao Luis

Sao Paulo

Teresina

Vitoria

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Obesity Overweight

%


Age: 18+

Sample size: 52443








25

Boys, 2004-2005

Center-West North North East South South East0

5

10

15

20

Obesity Overweight

%


Age: 10-15

Sample size: 36976


References: Pelegrini, Andreia, Luiz Petroski, Edio, da Silva Coqueiro, Raildo, & Araujo Gaya, Adroaldo César. (2008). Overweight and

obesity in brazilian schoolchildren aged 10 to 15 years: data from a Brazilian sports project. Archivos Latinoamericanos de

Nutrición, 58(4), 343-349. Recuperado en 04 de abril de 2016, de

http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-06222008000400004&lng=es&tlng=en.

Notes: International cut-off BMI values were used for the evaluation of nutritional status (Cole et al)

Cutoffs: IOTF

26


Girls, 2004-2005

Center-West North North East South South East0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Obesity Overweight

%


Age: 10-15

Sample size: 36976


References: Pelegrini, Andreia, Luiz Petroski, Edio, da Silva Coqueiro, Raildo, & Araujo Gaya, Adroaldo César. (2008). Overweight and

obesity in brazilian schoolchildren aged 10 to 15 years: data from a Brazilian sports project. Archivos Latinoamericanos de

Nutrición, 58(4), 343-349. Recuperado en 04 de abril de 2016, de


Notes: International cut-off BMI values were used for the evaluation of nutritional status (Cole et al)

Cutoffs: IOTF

27


Overweight/obesity by socio-economic group

Adults, 2008-2010

< Median ≥ Median0

10

20

30

40

50

Obesity Overweight

%


Age: 20-59

Sample size: 527

Area covered: Regional - N. Eastern Brazil

References: Lima R P A, Pereira D C, Luna R C P, et al. BMI, Overweight Status and Obesity Adjusted by Various Factors in All Age

Groups in the Population of a City in Northeastern Brazil. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 4422-4438;

doi:10.3390/ijerph120404422

Notes: WHO BMI classification of 1995 used for Adults. Median family income, R$1000.00, or $492.02.


28

Children, 2010

Low Medium High0

5

10

15

20

25

Obesity Overweight

%


Age: 6-10

Sample size: 939

Area covered: Municipality of Cruzeiro do Oeste, Southern Brazil.

References: Azambuja, Ana Paula de O., Netto-Oliveira, Edna Regina, Oliveira, Amauri Aparecido B. de, Azambuja, Maximiliano dos

Anjos, & Rinaldi, Wilson. (2013). Prevalence of overweight/obesity and economical status of schoolchildren. Revista Paulista

de Pediatria, 31(2), 166-171. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-05822013000200006

Notes: The socioeconomic status was defined through a questionnaire of economic classification by the Brazilian Association of

Research Companies – AssociaâÃâÂ£o Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa, ABEP. This classification is based on items such

as ownership of goods (television, radio, car, vacuum cleaner, VCR and/or DVD player, fridge, freezer and washing machine),

services (housemaid), household characteristics (number of bathrooms) and educational level of the head of the household.

The total score for each item results in the classification of respondents into seven strata identified as "social classes" A1,

A2, B1, B2, C, D, and E(17). For analysis purposes, the eight economic levels, proposed by ABEP, were regrouped and

named as follows: A1, A2, and B1 in High Economic Level (H); B2, C1 and C2 in Medium Economic Level (M) and, D and E in

Low Economic Level (L).

Cutoffs: Other

29

https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-05822013000200006

Insufficient physical activity

Adults, 2016

Dominica

UruguayChile

EcuadorCanada

GrenadaMexico

Venezuela

St Kitts & Nevis

JamaicaCuba

Guatemala

Paraguay

Trinidad & Tobago

Dominican Republic

St LuciaUnited States

Argentina

Barbados

Bahamas

Colombia

Suriname

Costa Rica

Brazil

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

% in

suffi

cien

t phy

sica

l act

ivity

References: Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled

analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-

109X(18)30357-7

30

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109Xhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X

Men, 2016

Dominica

UruguayGrenada

St Kitts & Nevis

ChileEcuador

MexicoCanada

St LuciaTrinidad & Tobago

JamaicaBarbados

Venezuela

Bahamas

CubaUnited States

Dominican Republic

Guatemala

Argentina

Costa Rica

Paraguay

Suriname

Colombia

Brazil

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

% in

suffi

cien

t phy

sica

l act

ivity



109X(18)30357-7

31


Women, 2016

UruguayChile

EcuadorDominica

CanadaMexico

Venezuela

GrenadaJamaica

Paraguay

Guatemala

St Kitts & Nevis

CubaDominican Republic

Argentina

United States

Trinidad & Tobago

Colombia

Suriname

St LuciaBrazil

Costa Rica

Barbados

Bahamas

0

10

20

30

40

50

% in

suffi

cien

t phy

sica

l act

ivity



109X(18)30357-7

32


Children, 2016

United States

Canada

Antigua & B

arbuda

Belize

Suriname

Barbados

Costa R

ica

Trinidad & Tobago

Uruguay

St Kitts & Nevis

Mexico

Paraguay

Brazil

Honduras

Colom

bia

Guyana

Dom

inica

Grenada

St Lucia

Baham

as

Peru

Argentina

Bolivia

St Vincent & G

ren.

El Salvador

Ecuador

Guatem

ala

Chile

Venezuela

0

20

40

60

80

% in

suffi

cien

t phy

sica

l act

ivity


Age: 11-17

References: Global Health Observatory data repository, World Health Organisation,

https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en (last accessed 16.03.21)

Notes: % of school going adolescents not meeting WHO recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, i.e. doing less

than 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity daily.

Definitions: % Adolescents insufficiently active (age standardised estimate)

33

https://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A893ADO?lang=en

Boys, 2016

United States

Canada

Antigua & B

arbuda

Uruguay

Costa R

ica

Belize

Barbados

Brazil

Suriname

St Kitts & Nevis

Mexico

Trinidad & Tobago

Paraguay

Argentina

Honduras

Baham

as

Colom

bia

Guyana

Grenada

Dom

inica

Bolivia

Peru

El Salvador

St Lucia

Ecuador

St Vincent & G

ren.

Chile

Guatem

ala

Venezuela

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

% in

suffi

cien

t phy

sica

l act

ivity


Age: 11-17






34


Girls, 2016

United States

Canada

Belize

Antigua & B

arbuda

Suriname

Trinidad & Tobago

St Lucia

Dom

inica

St Kitts & Nevis

Guyana

Peru

Barbados

Grenada

Colom

bia

Honduras

Mexico

Baham

as

Costa R

ica

Paraguay

St Vincent & G

ren.

Bolivia

Brazil

Guatem

ala

Uruguay

El Salvador

Argentina

Ecuador

Chile

Venezuela

0

20

40

60

80

% in

suffi

cien

t phy

sica

l act

ivity


Age: 11-17






35


Estimated per capita fruit intake

Adults, 2017

Nicaragua

Guyana

Guatem

ala

Haiti

Honduras

Chile

El Salvador

Bolivia

Paraguay

Trinidad & Tobago

Venezuela

Uruguay

Suriname

United States

Belize

Panama

Mexico

Barbados

Peru

Jamaica

St Vincent & G

ren.

Dom

inica

St Lucia

Argentina

Grenada

Canada

Brazil

Colom

bia

Costa R

ica

Antigua & B

arbuda

Cuba

Ecuador

Dom

inican Republic

Baham

as

0

50

100

150

200

250

g/da

y


Age: 25+

References: Global Burden of Disease, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://ghdx.healthdata.org/

Definitions: Estimated per-capita fruit intake (g/day)

36

http://ghdx.healthdata.org/

Estimated per-capita processed meat intake

Adults, 2017

Haiti

Bolivia

Peru

Honduras

Nicaragua

Guyana

Belize

Jamaica

Guatem

ala

Cuba

El Salvador

Paraguay

St Vincent & G

ren.

Dom

inica

St Lucia

Grenada

Colom

bia

Dom

inican Republic

Suriname

Venezuela

Barbados

Costa R

ica

Antigua & B

arbuda

Baham

as

Panama

Brazil

Trinidad & Tobago

Argentina

Ecuador

Uruguay

Mexico

Chile

Canada

United States

0

5

10

15

20

g/da

y


Age: 25+


Definitions: Estimated per-capita processed meat intake (g per day)

37


Estimated per capita whole grains intake

Adults, 2017

Uruguay

Baham

as

Trinidad & Tobago

Argentina

Chile

Jamaica

Belize

Barbados

Dom

inica

St Vincent & G

ren.

St Lucia

Costa R

ica

Grenada

Haiti

Antigua & B

arbuda

Ecuador

United States

Bolivia

Canada

Cuba

Guyana

Dom

inican Republic

Colom

bia

Guatem

ala

Suriname

Peru

El Salvador

Paraguay

Honduras

Brazil

Nicaragua

Venezuela

Panama

Mexico

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

g/da

y


Age: 25+


Definitions: Estimated per-capita whole grains intake (g/day)

38


Mental health - depression disorders

Adults, 2015

Guatem

ala

Honduras

Mexico

Nicaragua

Venezuela

Haiti

Belize

Bolivia

El Salvador

Panama

Guyana

Ecuador

Argentina

Canada

Colom

bia

Costa R

ica

Dom

inican Republic

Grenada

Jamaica

Peru

Suriname

St Lucia

St Vincent & G

ren.

Chile

Uruguay

Antigua & B

arbuda

Baham

as

Paraguay

Trinidad & Tobago

Barbados

Cuba

Brazil

United States

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

% o

f pop

ulat

ion

References: Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and

Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-

NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

Definitions: % of population with depression disorders

39

http://ghdx.healthdata.org

Mental health - anxiety disorders

Adults, 2015

Mexico

Guatem

ala

Honduras

Venezuela

Nicaragua

Panama

Costa R

ica

El Salvador

Canada

Bolivia

Haiti

Ecuador

Belize

Dom

inican Republic

Grenada

Guyana

Jamaica

Peru

Colom

bia

St Vincent & G

ren.

Suriname

St Lucia

Antigua & B

arbuda

Barbados

Cuba

Trinidad & Tobago

Baham

as

Argentina

United States

Uruguay

Chile

Paraguay

Brazil

0

2

4

6

8

% o

f pop

ulat

ion

References: Prevalence data from Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (http://ghdx.healthdata.org) published in: Depression and

Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017. Licence: CC BY-

NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

Definitions: % of population with anxiety disorders

40

http://ghdx.healthdata.org

Oesophageal cancer

Men, 2018

Nicaragua

Guyana

Suriname

Mexico

Belize

Honduras

Guatem

ala

El Salvador

Peru

Ecuador

Barbados

Costa R

ica

Trinidad & Tobago

Bolivia

Panama

Haiti

Colom

bia

St Lucia

Dom

inican Republic

Chile

Venezuela

Jamaica

Baham

as

Argentina

Canada

United States

Uruguay

Paraguay

Brazil

Cuba

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Inci

denc

e pe

r 100

,000

Age: 20+

References: Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer incidence rates http://gco.iarc.fr/ (last accessed 30th June 2020)

Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, oesophagus, adults ages 20+. ASR (World) per

100,000

41

http://gco.iarc.fr/

Women, 2018

Belize

St Lucia

Suriname

Nicaragua

Trinidad & Tobago

Baham

as

Barbados

Mexico

Panama

Guyana

Ecuador

Venezuela

Bolivia

Costa R

ica

El Salvador

Guatem

ala

Colom

bia

Peru

Honduras

Jamaica

Dom

inican Republic

United States

Cuba

Paraguay

Canada

Brazil

Argentina

Chile

Uruguay

Haiti

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

Inci

denc

e pe

r 100

,000

Age: 20+


Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, oesophagus, adults ages 20+. ASR (World) per

100,000

42

http://gco.iarc.fr/

Breast cancer

Women, 2018

Haiti

Guatem

ala

Bolivia

Honduras

Ecuador

Nicaragua

Belize

Mexico

El Salvador

Peru

Chile

Panama

Colom

bia

Cuba

Guyana

Costa R

ica

Paraguay

St Lucia

Venezuela

Suriname

Jamaica

Dom

inican Republic

Brazil

Baham

as

Uruguay

Trinidad & Tobago

Barbados

Argentina

Canada

United States

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Inci

denc

e pe

r 100

,000

Age: 20+


Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, breast, females, ages 20+. ASR (World) per

100,000

43

http://gco.iarc.fr/

Colorectal cancer

Men, 2018

Guyana

Guatem

ala

Bolivia

El Salvador

Honduras

Belize

Haiti

Nicaragua

Ecuador

Mexico

St Lucia

Dom

inican Republic

Peru

Venezuela

Paraguay

Cuba

Colom

bia

Costa R

ica

Panama

Suriname

Brazil

Jamaica

Trinidad & Tobago

Chile

Baham

as

United States

Argentina

Canada

Uruguay

Barbados

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Inci

denc

e pe

r 100

,000

Age: 20+


Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, colorectum, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per

100,000

44

http://gco.iarc.fr/

Women, 2018

Guyana

Bolivia

Guatem

ala

Honduras

El Salvador

Mexico

Belize

Ecuador

Haiti

Nicaragua

Peru

Paraguay

Venezuela

Suriname

Dom

inican Republic

Panama

Colom

bia

Costa R

ica

St Lucia

Trinidad & Tobago

Chile

Brazil

Cuba

Baham

as

Argentina

United States

Canada

Uruguay

Jamaica

Barbados

0

10

20

30

40

50

Inci

denc

e pe

r 100

,000

Age: 20+


Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, colorectum, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per

100,000

45

http://gco.iarc.fr/

Pancreatic cancer

Men, 2018

Belize

Guatem

ala

Baham

as

Bolivia

Ecuador

Jamaica

El Salvador

Guyana

Mexico

St Lucia

Nicaragua

Panama

Suriname

Colom

bia

Costa R

ica

Haiti

Cuba

Venezuela

Dom

inican Republic

Peru

Brazil

Paraguay

Honduras

Chile

Trinidad & Tobago

Canada

Barbados

Argentina

United States

Uruguay

0

5

10

15

20

Inci

denc

e pe

r 100

,000

Age: 20+


Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, pancreas, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per

100,000

46

http://gco.iarc.fr/

Women, 2018

Baham

as

St Lucia

Guatem

ala

Guyana

Bolivia

Panama

Haiti

El Salvador

Jamaica

Ecuador

Nicaragua

Mexico

Costa R

ica

Dom

inican Republic

Colom

bia

Cuba

Honduras

Belize

Venezuela

Brazil

Trinidad & Tobago

Peru

Paraguay

Suriname

Chile

Barbados

Canada

Argentina

United States

Uruguay

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Inci

denc

e pe

r 100

,000

Age: 20+


Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, pancreas, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per

100,000

47

http://gco.iarc.fr/

Gallbladder cancer

Men, 2018

Belize

Guyana

Haiti

Dom

inican Republic

Jamaica

Panama

Guatem

ala

Suriname

Honduras

St Lucia

Venezuela

Paraguay

Barbados

Cuba

Trinidad & Tobago

Costa R

ica

El Salvador

Mexico

Brazil

Nicaragua

United States

Colom

bia

Canada

Argentina

Baham

as

Ecuador

Peru

Uruguay

Chile

Bolivia

0

5

10

15

20

Inci

denc

e pe

r 100

,000

Age: 20+


Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, gallbladder, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per

100,000

48

http://gco.iarc.fr/

Women, 2018

Guyana

Suriname

St Lucia

Haiti

Trinidad & Tobago

Belize

Dom

inican Republic

Guatem

ala

Venezuela

Barbados

Panama

Baham

as

Cuba

United States

Brazil

Jamaica

Costa R

ica

Paraguay

Canada

Argentina

Uruguay

Mexico

Nicaragua

Ecuador

Colom

bia

Honduras

El Salvador

Peru

Chile

Bolivia

0

5

10

15

20

25

Inci

denc

e pe

r 100

,000

Age: 20+


Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, gallbladder, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per

100,000

49

http://gco.iarc.fr/

Kidney cancer

Men, 2018

St Lucia

Dom

inican Republic

Haiti

Guatem

ala

Belize

Guyana

Jamaica

Honduras

Nicaragua

El Salvador

Suriname

Baham

as

Bolivia

Trinidad & Tobago

Colom

bia

Ecuador

Paraguay

Mexico

Panama

Costa R

ica

Cuba

Brazil

Venezuela

Peru

Barbados

Chile

Argentina

Canada

United States

Uruguay

0

5

10

15

20

25

Inci

denc

e pe

r 100

,000

Age: 20+


Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, kidney, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per 100,000

50

http://gco.iarc.fr/

Women, 2018

Belize

Suriname

Haiti

Dom

inican Republic

Jamaica

Nicaragua

Guatem

ala

El Salvador

Guyana

Honduras

Paraguay

St Lucia

Baham

as

Trinidad & Tobago

Colom

bia

Ecuador

Costa R

ica

Barbados

Bolivia

Mexico

Panama

Brazil

Cuba

Peru

Venezuela

Chile

Argentina

Canada

United States

Uruguay

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Inci

denc

e pe

r 100

,000

Age: 20+


Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, kidney, adults, ages 20+. ASR (World) per 100,000

51

http://gco.iarc.fr/

Cancer of the uterus

Women, 2018

Canada

United States

Baham

as

Mexico

Costa R

ica

Brazil

Chile

Uruguay

Colom

bia

St Lucia

Cuba

Trinidad & Tobago

Barbados

Argentina

Dom

inican Republic

Haiti

Ecuador

El Salvador

Panama

Honduras

Guatem

ala

Nicaragua

Peru

Venezuela

Suriname

Belize

Jamaica

Paraguay

Guyana

Bolivia

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Inci

denc

e pe

r 100

,000

Age: 20+


Definitions: Estimated age-standardized incidence rates (World) in 2018, cervix uteri, females, ages 20+. ASR (World) per

100,000

52

http://gco.iarc.fr/

Raised blood pressure

Adults, 2015

United States

Canada

Peru

Bolivia

Ecuador

Venezuela

Costa R

ica

El Salvador

Cuba

Colom

bia

Mexico

Panama

Uruguay

Nicaragua

Baham

as

Chile

Guatem

ala

Honduras

Dom

inican Republic

Jamaica

Suriname

Dom

inica

Argentina

Belize

Guyana

Brazil

St Vincent & G

ren.

Antigua & B

arbuda

Grenada

Barbados

Haiti

Paraguay

St Kitts & Nevis

Trinidad & Tobago

St Lucia

0

5

10

15

20

25

% ra

ised

blo

od p

ress

ure


http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A875?lang=en

Definitions: Age Standardised estimated % Raised blood pressure 2015 (SBP>=140 OR DBP>=90).

53


Men, 2015

United States

Canada

Peru

Bolivia

Ecuador

El Salvador

Cuba

Costa R

ica

Colom

bia

Venezuela

Nicaragua

Guatem

ala

Mexico

Panama

Honduras

Dom

inican Republic

Belize

Guyana

Jamaica

Suriname

Uruguay

Baham

as

Haiti

Chile

Dom

inica

St Vincent & G

ren.

Antigua & B

arbuda

Brazil

Grenada

Barbados

Argentina

Trinidad & Tobago

Paraguay

St Kitts & Nevis

St Lucia

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

% ra

ised

blo

od p

ress

ure




54


Women, 2015

United States

Canada

Peru

Venezuela

Ecuador

Bolivia

Costa R

ica

Chile

Baham

as

Uruguay

Colom

bia

Cuba

El Salvador

Mexico

Panama

Argentina

Dom

inican Republic

Jamaica

Dom

inica

Brazil

Nicaragua

Suriname

Honduras

Antigua & B

arbuda

Guatem

ala

St Vincent & G

ren.

Belize

Paraguay

Guyana

Grenada

Barbados

St Kitts & Nevis

Haiti

Trinidad & Tobago

St Lucia

0

5

10

15

20

25

% ra

ised

blo

od p

ress

ure




55


Raised cholesterol

Adults, 2008

Haiti

Guyana

Guatem

ala

Nicaragua

Honduras

Jamaica

Cuba

Dom

inican Republic

Belize

Grenada

El Salvador

Suriname

Bolivia

St Vincent & G

ren.

St Lucia

Dom

inica

Paraguay

Venezuela

Peru

Trinidad & Tobago

Ecuador

Costa R

ica

St Kitts & Nevis

Uruguay

Colom

bia

Barbados

Panama

Antigua & B

arbuda

Brazil

Chile

Argentina

Mexico

Baham

as

Canada

United States

0

10

20

30

40

50

% ra

ised

cho

lest

erol


http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A885

Definitions: % Raised total cholesterol (>= 5.0 mmol/L) (age-standardized estimate).

56


Men, 2008

Haiti

Guyana

St Vincent & G

ren.

Guatem

ala

Honduras

Nicaragua

Jamaica

Cuba

Dom

inican Republic

Grenada

Belize

El Salvador

Dom

inica

Suriname

Venezuela

Bolivia

St Lucia

Paraguay

Trinidad & Tobago

Costa R

ica

Peru

Ecuador

St Kitts & Nevis

Barbados

Panama

Antigua & B

arbuda

Colom

bia

Uruguay

Brazil

Mexico

Chile

Baham

as

Argentina

United States

Canada

0

10

20

30

40

50

% ra

ised

cho

lest

erol




57


Women, 2008

Haiti

Guyana

Guatem

ala

Nicaragua

Honduras

Jamaica

Cuba

Dom

inican Republic

Belize

Grenada

Bolivia

El Salvador

Suriname

St Vincent & G

ren.

Peru

Paraguay

St Lucia

Uruguay

Trinidad & Tobago

Ecuador

Venezuela

Colom

bia

Dom

inica

Brazil

St Kitts & Nevis

Costa R

ica

Barbados

Panama

Antigua & B

arbuda

Chile

Argentina

Canada

Mexico

Baham

as

United States

0

10

20

30

40

50

% ra

ised

cho

lest

erol




58


Raised fasting blood glucose

Men, 2014

Canada

United States

Peru

Paraguay

Ecuador

Brazil

Colom

bia

Haiti

Bolivia

Costa R

ica

Venezuela

Argentina

Cuba

Panama

Uruguay

Honduras

Guatem

ala

El Salvador

Chile

Nicaragua

Dom

inican Republic

Mexico

St Vincent & G

ren.

Guyana

Antigua & B

arbuda

Trinidad & Tobago

Grenada

Suriname

Dom

inica

Baham

as

Barbados

Jamaica

St Lucia

Belize

St Kitts & Nevis

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

% ra

ised

fast

ing

bloo

d gl

ucos

e



Definitions: Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication).

59


Women, 2014

Canada

Bolivia

Peru

Cuba

Ecuador

Brazil

Paraguay

United States

Colom

bia

Dom

inica

Honduras

Dom

inican Republic

Haiti

Costa R

ica

Grenada

Guatem

ala

Panama

Guyana

Uruguay

Nicaragua

El Salvador

Jamaica

St Vincent & G

ren.

Antigua & B

arbuda

Argentina

Venezuela

Belize

Chile

Trinidad & Tobago

Barbados

Mexico

Suriname

Baham

as

St Kitts & Nevis

St Lucia

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

% ra

ised

fast

ing

bloo

d gl

ucos

e



Definitions: Age Standardised % raised fasting blood glucose (>= 7.0 mmol/L or on medication).

60


Diabetes prevalence

Adults, 2017

Argentina

Ecuador

Peru

Venezuela

Haiti

Bolivia

Uruguay

Honduras

Canada

Colom

bia

Brazil

Dom

inican Republic

Cuba

Paraguay

Panama

Chile

Costa R

ica

El Salvador

Guatem

ala

Grenada

United States

Trinidad & Tobago

Jamaica

Nicaragua

Dom

inica

Guyana

St Lucia

St Vincent & G

ren.

Suriname

St Kitts & Nevis

Mexico

Antigua & B

arbuda

Baham

as

Barbados

Belize

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

% d

iabe

tes

prev

alen

ce

References: Reproduced with kind permission of IDF, International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 8th edition. Brussels,

Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2017. http://www.diabetesatlas.org

Definitions: Diabetes age-adjusted comparative prevalence (%).

61

http://www.diabetesatlas.org

Health systems

Economic classification: Upper Middle Income

Health systems summary

Brazil has a universal, publicly funded healthcare system that is known as the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). SUS is funded by taxes and contributions from government (at a federal, state and municipal level). The private sector, however, currently serves approximately 25% of the population, as many individuals have the option to purchase insurance plans via their employer or choose to purchase individually (with many receiving tax relief on these payments).

It is widely reported that there is great disparity in treatment availability and quality between public and private healthcare, and so it seems that those that can afford private healthcare purchase it. As a result, out of pocket expenditure in Brazil is relatively high.

Indicators

Where is the country’s government in the journey towards defining ‘Obesity as a disease’? Some progress

Where is the country’s healthcare provider in the journey towards defining ‘Obesity as a

disease’?

Some progress

Is there specialist training available dedicated to the training of health professionals to

prevent, diagnose, treat and manage obesity?

No

Have any taxes or subsidies been put in place to protect/assist/inform the population around

obesity?

No

Are there adequate numbers of trained health professionals in specialties relevant to obesity

in urban areas?

Some progress

Are there adequate numbers of trained health professionals in specialties relevant to obesity

in rural areas?

No

Are there any obesity-specific recommendations or guidelines published for adults? Yes

Are there any obesity-specific recommendations or guidelines published for children? Yes

In practice, how is obesity treatment largely funded? Insurance

62

Perceived barriers to treatment

Lack of political will, interest and action

Influence of food industry

Lack of training for HCPs and and lack of

trained HCPs

Poor health literacy and behaviour

Poor availability of pharmaceutical

treatments

Obesity not recognised as a

disease

Summary of stakeholder feedback

It appears that although obesity is considered a public health priority in Brazil, there is little government action. Obesity is commonly seen as a lifestyle issue and treatment options are limited.

In the public system it appears that only bariatric surgery is covered, meaning that comprehensive treatment and management is only available in the private sector. Private care, however, is unaffordable for most of the Brazilian population, so only the wealthiest can afford obesity-related treatments. Associação Brasileira para o Estudo da Obesidade are currently working towards the approval of obesity medications through the SUS healthcare scheme, which will hopefully make them more affordable. One stakeholder reported that obesity medication is difficult to get privately too, with private insurers rarely funding it.

While a national strategy on NCDs exists, stakeholders were unclear whether there is an accompanying implementation guide. There are also clinical guidelines for obesity treatment, but rate of uptake is reportedly low. In the public system is appears that patients need to have a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m² with comorbidities (or ≥ 40 kg/m² without) to qualify for bariatric treatment but even then, there is a long waiting list. Treatment is said to be particularly difficult to access in the rural areas.

Overall, there are inadequate numbers of trained health professionals in specialties relevant to obesity, with there being little to no specialist training available. It was noted that although there are increasing numbers of physicians, they do not have specific obesity training and so qualify ill-equipped to treat and manage obesity.

Based on interviews/survey returns from 5 stakeholders

Last updated: June 2020

PDF created on May 19, 2021

63

Report card: Brazil...Report card Brazil 1 Contents Page Obesity prevalence 2 Trend: % Adults living...

Documents

Transcript of Report card: Brazil...Report card Brazil 1 Contents Page Obesity prevalence 2 Trend: % Adults living...