REPORT Amritpal

8/2/2019 REPORT Amritpal

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615030716/7127/06,GTBKIET,MALOUT

Chapter-1

INTRODUCTION

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1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW

This project is going to help TPO, Student section and Students as well in a lot of ways. It will

make task easier for student section for handling the records of students in bulk amount. Student

section can add, update and delete student records. He can get the hard copy of Students record.

TPO will be also having ease by using this software because he will not have to handle the

company records manually. His precious time will also be saved by automation. He can add,

update the company details. Company details will contain the company name, field, date and

place of visit, annual package, job designation, eligibility criteria required for appearing in the

recruitment test. TPO can view the registered students and then he can make a list of students

who are actually appearing for the recruitment of that particular company. The students who are

placed in any company will be saved in a table by TPO. It will contain the information about the

company in which he has been selected and the job designation & package he will be getting for

that job. TPO will also be able to generate a hard copy of registered students, appearing students

and the placed students in no time. Admin will act as a administrator. He will allot the username

and password to the students. Students can use this software for getting registered. By the use of

this software Students can view his own record and can see the visiting company details Students

will not have to go to TPO office for getting the details of visiting company, their eligibility

criteria and for getting registered for that company if they have valid username and password.

The main role of this project will come into play when any student will click register button for

getting registered. It will check eligibility criteria of the company and qualification of student. If

student found eligible then he will be registered for that particular company and will be shown a

message REGISTRATION SUCCESSFUL. If the student is not eligible according to the

eligibility required by the company then student will not be registered and the message will be

shown SORRY!! You are not eligible for the company criteria.

1.2 HARDWARE SPECIFICATION

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Minimum System Requirements to Install and Use Visual Studio .NET

The minimum requirements are:

RAM: 256 MB (Recommended)

Processor: Pentium II 450 MHz

Operating System: Windows 2000 orWindows XP

Hard Disk Space: 3.5 GB (Includes 500 MB free space on disk)

1.3 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS

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1.3.1 FRONT END: Visual Basic.Net

1.3.2 BACK END: SQL Server 2000

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Chapter-2

SYSTEM STUDY &

ANALYSIS

2.1 EXISTING SYSTEM

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In existing system there was a lot of headache for student section to manage the student records

manually. He has to handle a lot of files for maintaining the student records which is very

cumbersome. TPO was also suffering with this problem that he has to handle a lot of files for

maintaining the records of various visiting companies. He had to maintain the list of registered

students. Students were also having problems for getting registered. They have to visit the TPO

Cell again & again for confirming about visiting company & getting registered.

The problems faced in existing system are as follows.

2.1.1 Placement Regarding Problems:-

While filling the application form of various companies. There can be fake registrations

and it can be a reason of black listing of college while Recruitment.

It is difficult to find appropriate students for placement.

Students have to go to TPO Cell for getting the information about visiting students.

Students have to wait for getting registered for any particular visiting company.

2.2 PURPOSED SYSTEM

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It is developed in Visual Basic.NET & SQL Server. Visual Basic.NET is used for the design of

the forms and the coding part of the software whereas SQL Server is used for storing the

database for the software. Database will be containing the information about institute students,

registered students, appearing students & placed students. It will also contain the information

about the company details.

Our software TPO Cell Automation will solve all the problems of existing systems.

STUDENT SECTION will be able to add, update, delete, print students record.

TRAINING & PLACEMENT OFFICER will be able to add, update the details of visiting

company. He can view the list of registered students. He can generate list of actually appearing

students and placed students. He can also get hard copy of these lists in no time.

STUDENTS can also view their record in read only mode. Students can easily get the

information about the visiting company and their criteria as well. They can get registered for the

company in a single click.

So TPO Cell Automation software will provide ease to all of its users i.e. TPO, Student Section,

Students because if is very easy to use. It will save their time as well.

2.3 PROBLEM DESCRIPTION

The problem in the existing manual system is that there is a lot of headache for Training &

Placement Officer. He has to manage with all the company records, registered students record,

placed students record etc. which is very cumbersome to manage individually. If there is bulk

amount of data then there will be a lot of chances of error because it is well known To err is

human. Students are also having problem of getting information about the visiting company,

their eligibility criteria etc. They have to visit the TPO cell for getting registered. So these are themain problems for which this project is purposed.

FEASIBILITY STUDY

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The feasibility study proposes one or more conceptual solution to the problem set of the project.

In fact, it is an evaluation of whether it is worthwhile to proceed with project or not.

Feasibility analysis usually considers a number of project alternatives, one that is chosen as the

most satisfactory solution. These alternatives also need to be evaluated in a broad way without

committing too many resources. Various steps involved in feasibility analysis are:

1. To propose a set of solution that can realize the project goal. These solutions are usually

descriptions of what the new system should look like.

2. Evaluation of feasibility of such solutions. Such evaluation often indicates shortcomings in

the initial goals. This step is repeated as the goals are adjusted and the alternative solutions

are evaluated.

Four primary areas of interest in feasibility study are:

Economic Feasibility:

An evaluation of development cost weighed against the ultimate income of benefit derived from

the development system of product. In economic feasibility, cost benefit analysis is done in

which expected cost and benefits are evaluated.

Technical Feasibility:

Technical Feasibility includes existing and new H/W and S/W requirements that are required to

operate the project on the Visual Basic.Net . The basic S/W requirement is Visual Basic.Net in

which the front end of the TPO CELL AUTOMATION Project has been done. The basic entry

forms are developed in VB.Net and the data is stored in the SQL server 2000.

Operational Feasibility:

Operational feasibility is mainly concerned with issues like whether the system will be used if it

is developed and implemented. Whether there will be resistance from users .The essential

questions that help in testing the technical feasibility of a system are following:

Does management support the project?

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Are the users not happy with current business practices? Will it reduce the time

considerably? If yes, then they will welcome the change and the new system.

Have the users involved in the planning and development of the project? Early

involvement reduced the probability of resistance towards the new system. Will the proposed system really benefit the organization?

Legal Feasibility:

A determination of any violation, or liability that could result from development of the system.

Legal feasibility tells that the software used in the project should be original purchased from the

legal authorities .

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Chapter-3

SYSTEM DESIGN

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3.1 DATABASE DESIGN

3.1.1ADMIN (TABLE FOR USERNAME AND PASSWORD)

ADMIN table is having two fields named uname and pword. Both are of character data type.

Uname refers to the username and pword refers to the password. This table will store the

username and password of all the users who are authorized to use the software. This table is

mainly concern with the login form

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE SIZE

UNAME CHAR 50

PWORD CHAR 50

Description of the fields of the table.

UNAME Username

PWORD Password

3.1.2 REGISTRATION (TABLE FOR STORING THE REGISTERED STUDENTS)


CNAME CHAR 100

FIELD CHAR 50

TDATE DATETIME 8

PLACE CHAR 100

REGISTERED CHAR 15


CNAME Company name for which student is registered

FIELD Field of the company

TDATE Date of test

PLACE Place of visit

REGISTEREDRollno of the registered student

3.1.3 SRECORD (TABLE FOR STORING STUDENTs RECORDS)

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SRECORD table is storing the record of students of the institute. This will be used by Student

Section user. It will contain the following information.

Description of the

fields of the table.

ROLLNO

Rollno of the

student

SNAME

Students name

GENDER

Gender of the student

FNAME Fathers name of the student

DOB Date of birth of the student

STREAM Stream of the student

CSEM Current Semester of the student

MOBILE Mobile no of the student

EMAIL Email Address

ADDRESS Permanent Address of the student

QUALI Previous qualification

PERCENTAGE 10+2/DIPLOMA percentage

YOP Year of passing 10+2/DIPLOMA

BOARD Board of 10+2/DIPLOMA

PSEM previous semester whose result is to be entered

OMARKS Obtained marks in previous semester

MMARKS Maximum Marks of the semester

BACKLOG Overall Backlog in the B.tech

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE SIZEROLLNO CHAR 20

SNAME CHAR 50

GENDER CHAR 10

FNAME CHAR 50

DOB DATETIME 8

STREAM CHAR 30

CSEM INT 4

MOBILE CHAR 20

EMAIL CHAR 50

ADDRESS CHAR 300

QUALI CHAR 20

PERCENTAGE INT 4

YOP INT 4

BOARD CHAR 100

PSEM INT 4

OMARKS INT 4

MMARKS INT 4

BACKLOG INT 4

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3.1.4 COMPANY (TABLE FOR STORING THE COMPANY DETAILS)


CNAME CHAR 100

FIELD1 CHAR 50TDATE DATETIME 8

PLACE CHAR 50

CSE CHAR 10

ECE CHAR 10

MECH CHAR 10

EIE CHAR 10

EE CHAR 10

TCRITERIA CHAR 20

MINSEM INT 4

BPERCENTAGE INT 4DPERCENTAGE INT 4

PACKAGE CHAR 10

JOB CHAR 50

DETAIL1 CHAR 2000

LDATE DOB 8


CNAME Name of the visiting companyFIELD1 Field of the company

TDATE Date for conducting the test


CSE Computer science & Engg.

ECE Electronics & communication Engg.

MECH Mechanical Engg.

EIE Electronics &Instumentaion Engg.

EE Electrical Engg.

TCRITERIA Backlogs allowed

MINSEM Minimum semester candidate should be in

BPERCENTAGE Percentage in B.tech

DPERCENTAGE Percentage in Diploma

PACKAGE Package offered

JOB Job designation

DETAIL1 Any details about the company test

LDATE Last date for registration

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3.1.5 ELIGIBLE (TABLE FOR STORING THE APPEARING STUDENTS)


CNAME CHAR 100

FIELD CHAR 50

TDATE DATETIME 8

PLACE CHAR 100

ELIGIBLE CHAR 20


CNAME Company Name


TDATE Date of the test


ELIGIBLE Appearing student for the company

3.1.6 PLACED (TABLE FOR STORING THE PLACED STUDENTS)


CNAME CHAR 100

FIELD CHAR 50JOB DATETIME 50

PACKAGE CHAR 20

PLACED CHAR 20


CNAME Company name in which candidate is placed


JOB Job designation

PACKAGE Package

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PLACED Placed Students rollno

3.2 USER INTERFACE DESIGN

3.2.1 LOGIN FORM

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It is the LOGIN FORM of TPO Cell Automation software. It will be available to all of its users

Student Section, TPO and Students. Users having their valid username and password can login

from here. Depending upon the type of user next page will be displayed after login. Any user can

change his password by clicking on the Change Password button.

3.2.2 CHANGE PASSWORD

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After clicking the Change Password button this form will be displayed. User will have to type &

retype his new password for confirmation and then OK button. If both matches then the message

will be displayed PASSWORD CHANGED SUCCESSFULLY.

3.2.3 STUDENT PERFORMA

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If the user is Student Section then this form will be displayed. User can add, modify and delete

the records of students. The right side of the form is for adding and modifying the result details.

A hard copy of the students record can be retrieved by clicking the Print button. By typing the

roll no in the Find text box & then clicking the Find button any record can be found if available.

3.2.4 TPO FUNCTIONS

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If TPO has logged on then he will be displayed this form having these four buttons. These are the

functions which TPO can perform by clicking the appropriate button for the required task.

3.2.5 CREATE NEW USER

If TPO clicks the Create New User button then a form will be displayed having username and

password field. TPO can create new users. He will give username and passwords to all its users.

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It is suggested that for better utilization username should be given according to their university

roll no. It will be unique and easy to remember for every user.

3.2.6 ADD/UPDATE COMPANY DETAILS

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TPO can add or update the company details. Company details contain company name, field, date

& place of visit, stream, eligibility criteria of recruitment test, the details of the job, and the last

date for getting registered for the company. Any other information regarding company can be

given in details text box. All this information will be stored in the database. So it can be found by

typing the name in Find text box.

3.2.7 VIEW REGISTERED STUDENTS

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TPO will just have to select any company name from the combo box. It will show the list of

registered students but it is not always true that student who has registered for any company will

appear for the same. So TPO can create a new list of actually appearing students by selecting the

students from the list of registered students. By double clicking on the entry from list one can be

moved to the second list and vice versa and then save the list. To get the hard copy of the list

Print button should be clicked.

3.2.8 VIEW PLACED STUDENTS

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By selecting any company name from the combo box it will show the list of students who

appeared for the company. If any student is placed then just double click on that entry from list

one and it will move to the list of placed students. Save button will save the table in the database

and the Print button will print that list.

3.2.9 STUDENT FORM

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If any student has logged on then he can perform these two basic operations.

1. He can view his own record.

2. He can view the company details for which he want to get registered.

3.2.10 VIEW STUDENTS RECORD

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If any student wants to view his record then it will be displayed in this form which was entered

by Student Section. Information will be displayed in the read only mode so that it remains

correct according to the records of Student Section.

3.2.11 VIEW COMPANIES

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Student can view the companies which are visiting for recruitment. By selecting any company

name he can view the eligibility criteria of the company including the last date for registration.

He can get registered for that company by just clicking the register button. If he is eligible then

he will be shown a message REGISTRAION SUCCESSFUL!! else SORRY!! You are not

eligible for the company criteria and will not be registered.

3.3 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

This DFD is showing the flow of data in the software TPO CELL AUTOMATION. The

software is very much helpful for student for the purpose of getting registered for any company.

Here Student Information and T&P information are temporary storage which are shown inparallel bars. In Student section there will be storage of academic results of student. Whenever

any student will click the register button his eligibility will be checked from this storage area i.e

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Student Section record. The other one is T&P information. Here the company related

information will be stored like companys eligibility criteria and the job specification.

Information about registered students, appearing students, placed students will also reside here.

As the DFD is showing that firstly student makes an attempt for registration. Then students

information will be checked from student section record whether he possess the eligibility which

is required by the company. This step is known as the process of verification for registration. If

the student is not eligible then it will be considered as fake entry and he will be eliminated. On

the other hand if he is eligible then he will be get registered and it will add up to the list of

registered students and this information will go to the records of Training & Placement Cell.

This information is also transferred to the general student information

3.4 TESTING

In a software development project, errors can be injected at any stage during development. There

are different techniques for detecting and eliminating errors that originate in that phase.

However, no technique is perfect, and it is expected that some of the errors of the earlier phases

will finally manifest themselves in the code. This is particularly true because in the earlier phases

and most of the verification techniques are manual because no executable code exists.

Ultimately, these remaining errors will be reflected in the code. Hence, the code developed

during the coding activity is likely to have some requirement errors and design errors, in addition

to errors introduced during the coding activity. Behavior can be observed, testing is the phase

where the errors remaining from all the previous phases must be detected. Hence, testing

performs a very critical role for quality assurance and for ensuring the reliability of software.

During testing, the program to be tested is executed with a set of test cases, and the output of the

program for the test cases is evaluated to determine if the program is performing as expected.

Due to its approach, dynamic testing can only ascertain the presence of errors in the program; the

exact nature of the errors is not usually decided by testing. Testing forms the first step in

determining the errors in a program. Clearly, the success of testing in revealing errors in

programs depends critically on the test cases.

Testing a large system is a very complex activity, and like any complex activity it has to be

broken into smaller activities. Due to this, for a project, incremental testing is generally

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performed, in which components and subsystems of the system are tested separately before

integrating them to form the system for system testing. This form of testing, though necessary to

ensure quality for a large system, introduces new issues of how to select components for testing

and how to combine them to form subsystems and systems.

TEST CASES

TC1 To verify user is

able to view themessage when

username and

password are

blank and user

should not be

able to login.

Go to the

LOGIN button.

Press enter key

& enter or clickon submit

button.

PLEASE

ENTER VALIDUSERNAME &

PASSWORD

message should

be displayed and

user should not

be able to login.


able to view the

message when

he gives the

user name valid

and password

invalid and user

should not be

able to login.

Go to the

LOGIN button.

Press enter key

or click on

LOGIN button.

PLEASE

ENTER VALID

USERNAME &

PASSWORD

message should

be displayed and

user should not

be able to login.

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able to view the

message when

he gives invalid

user name and

valid password

and user should

not be able to

login

.

Go to the

LOGIN in

button.

Press enter key

or click on

LOGIN button.

PLEASE

ENTER VALID

USERNAME &

PASSWORD

message should

be displayed and

user should not

be able to login.


able to view the

message when

he gives the

user name and

password

invalid and user

should not be

able to login.

Go to the

LOGIN in

button.

Press enter key

or click on

LOGIN button.

PLEASE

ENTER VALID

USERNAME &

PASSWORD

message should

be displayed and

user should not

be able to login.


able to view the

message when

he gives the

password blank

and user should

not be able to

login.

Go to the

LOGIN in

button.

Press enter key

or click on

LOGIN button.

PLEASE

ENTER VALID

USERNAME &

PASSWORD

message should

be displayed and

user should not

be able to login.


able to login

when he gives

the user name

Go to the

LOGIN button.

Press enter key

or click on

LOGIN button.

User should be

successfully

login and next

form should be

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and password

valid.

displayed acc.

To the user type.

Conclusion

We conclude our project by saying that it is great attempt toward automation. Because by using

this software staff of TPO cell will save their precious time and it will also help to do their job

fast and easily. This software will help TPO section staff in performing most of their jobs. It will

not only support the TPO staff but also provide help to the student section and the students of the

institute as well. It enables the student to get register for any company very easily. It needs just a

single click by the student and he can view his record which is stored in the records of student

section department. TPO can easily use this software to store the details of any visiting company

and the eligibility criteria for that company. And because this software is build in Visual

Basic.Net so it has future compatibility with any of the windows operating system it means if

someone wants to extend the features of this software then its very easy to do this.. This software

is very much user friendly and easy to handle by new user. The main advantage of this

technology in which this software has been built is, in future if anyone wants to combine all the

departments of college through automation then he will easily do this with the help of this

technology called Visual Basic.NET.

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APPENDIX-A (Visual Basic.NET)

What is Visual Basic?

Visual Basic is a "visual programming" environment for developing Windows (also Web now)

applications. Visual Basic makes it possible to develop complicated applications very quickly.

The programmer designs windows graphically, drags program elements from the Visual Basic

Toolbox and writes basic code for each element. Visual Basic is "event-driven" which means

that procedures are called automatically when the end user chooses menu items, clicks the

mouse, moves objects on the screen, etc.

Why is Visual Basic popular?

Programmers have undergone a major change in many years of programming various machines.

For example, what could take days to create an application in other programming languages like

C, C++ could be done in hours with Visual Basic. Visual Basic provides many interesting sets of

tools to aid us in building exciting applications. Visual Basic provides these tools to make our

life far more easier because all the real hard code is already written for us.

Visual Basic is not only a programming language but also a true graphical development

environment. This environment allows programmers with little programming experience to

quickly develop powerful Windows applications. Visual Basic also has the ability to develop

programs that can be used as a front-end application to a database system, serving as the user

interface which collects user input and displays formatted output in a more appealing and usefulform.

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Visual Basic is very popular for the ease with which it allows the programmer to create nice

looking graphical programs with less coding unlike many other languages that take thousands of

lines of programmer keyed code. As the programmer works in the graphical environment much

of the program code is automatically generated by the Visual Basic program.

Visual Basic .NET

Visual Basic .NET provides the easiest, most productive language and tool for rapidly building

Windows and Web applications. Visual Basic .NET comes with enhanced visual designers,

increased application performance, and a powerful integrated development environment (IDE). It

also supports creation of applications for wireless, Internet-enabled hand-held devices. The

following are the features of Visual Basic .NET with .NET Framework 1.0 and Visual Basic

.NET 2003 with .NET Framework 1.1.

FEATURES OF Visual Basic.NET

Powerful Windows-based Applications

Visual Basic .NET comes with features such as a powerful new forms designer, an in-place

menu editor, and automatic control anchoring and docking. Visual Basic .NET delivers new

productivity features for building more robust applications easily and quickly. With an improved

integrated development environment (IDE) and a significantly reduced startup time, Visual Basic

.NET offers fast, automatic formatting of code as you type, improved IntelliSense, an enhanced

object browserand XML designer, and much more.

Building Web-based Applications

With Visual Basic .NET we can create Web applications using the shared Web Forms Designer

and the familiar "drag and drop" feature. You can double-click and write code to respond to

events. Visual Basic .NET 2003 comes with an enhanced HTML Editor for working with

complex Web pages. We can also use IntelliSense technology and tag completion, or choose the

WYSIWYG editor for visual authoring of interactive Web applications.

Simplified Deployment

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With Visual Basic .NET we can build applications more rapidly and deploy and maintain them

with efficiency. Visual Basic .NET 2003 and .NET Framework 1.1 makes "DLL Hell" a thing of

the past. Side-by-side versioning enables multiple versions of the same component to live safely

on the same machine so that applications can use a specific version of a component. XCOPY-

deployment and Web auto-download of Windows-based applications combine the simplicity of

Web page deployment and maintenance with the power of rich, responsive Windows-based

applications.

Powerful, Flexible, Simplified Data Access

You can tackle any data access scenario easily with ADO.NET and ADO data access. The

flexibility of ADO.NET enables data binding to any database, as well as classes, collections, and

arrays, and provides true XML representation of data. Seamless access to ADO enables simple

data access for connected data binding scenarios. Using ADO.NET, Visual Basic .NET can gain

high-speed access to MS SQL Server, Oracle, DB2, Microsoft Access, and more.

Improved Coding

You can code faster and more effectively. A multitude of enhancements to the code editor,

including enhanced IntelliSense, smart listing of code for greater readability and a background

compiler for real-time notification of syntax errors transforms into a rapid application

development (RAD) coding machine.

Direct Access to the Platform

Visual Basic developers can have full access to the capabilities available in .NET Framework

1.1. Developers can easily program system services including the event log, performance

counters and file system. The new Windows Service project template enables to build real

Microsoft Windows NT Services. Programming against Windows Services and creating new

Windows Services is not available in Visual Basic .NET Standard, it requires Visual Studio 2003

Professional, or higher.

Full Object-Oriented Constructs

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You can create reusable, enterprise-class code using full object-oriented constructs. Language

features include full implementation inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism. Structured

exception handling provides a global error handler and eliminates spaghetti code.

XML Web Services

XML Web services enable you to call components running on any platform using open Internet

protocols. Working with XML Web services is easier where enhancements simplify the

discovery and consumption of XML Web services that are located within any firewall. XML

Web services can be built as easily as you would build any class in Visual Basic 6.0. The XML

Web service project template builds all underlying Web service infrastructure.

Mobile Applications

Visual Basic .NET 2003 and the .NET Framework 1.1 offer integrated support for developing

mobile Web applications for more than 200 Internet-enabled mobile devices. These new features

give developers a single, mobile Web interface and programming model to support a broad range

of Web devices, including WML 1.1 for WAPenabled cellular phones, compact HTML

(cHTML) for i-Mode phones, and HTML for Pocket PC, handheld devices, and pagers. Please

note, Pocket PC programming is not available in Visual Basic .NET Standard, it requires Visual

Studio 2003 Professional, or higher.

COM Interoperability

You can maintain your existing code without the need to recode. COM interoperability enables

you to leverage your existing code assets and offers seamless bi-directional communication

between Visual Basic 6.0 and Visual Basic .NET applications.

Reuse Existing Investments

You can reuse all your existing ActiveX Controls. Windows Forms in Visual Basic .NET 2003

provide a robust container for existing ActiveX controls. In addition, full support for existing

ADO code and data binding enable a smooth transition to Visual Basic .NET 2003.

Upgrade Wizard

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You upgrade your code to receive all of the benefits of Visual Basic .NET 2003. The Visual

Basic .NET Upgrade Wizard, available in Visual Basic .NET 2003 Standard Edition, and higher,

upgrades up to 95 percent of existing Visual Basic code and forms to Visual Basic .NET with

new support for Web classes and UserControls.

NET Framework

.NET is a "Software Platform". It is a language-neutral environment for developing rich .NET

experiences and building applications

that can easily and securely operate within it. When developed applications are deployed, those

applications will target .NET and will execute wherever .NET is implemented instead of

targeting a particular Hardware/OS combination. The components that make up the .NET

platform are collectively called the .NET Framework.

The .NET Framework is a managed, type-safe environment for developing and executing

applications. The .NET Framework manages all aspects of program execution, like, allocation of

memory for the storage of data and instructions, granting and denying permissions to the

application, managing execution of the application and reallocation of memory for resources that

are not needed.

The .NET Framework is designed for cross-language compatibility. Cross-language

compatibility means, an application written in Visual Basic .NET may reference a DLL file

written in C# (C-Sharp). A Visual Basic .NET class might be derived from a C# class or vice

versa.

The .NET Framework consists of two main components:

Common Language Runtime (CLR)

Class Libraries

Common Language Runtime (CLR)

The CLR is described as the "execution engine" of .NET. It provides the environment within

which the programs run. It's this CLR that manages the execution of programs and provides core

services, such as code compilation, memory allocation, thread management, and garbage

collection. Through the Common Type System (CTS), it enforces strict type safety, and it

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ensures that the code is executed in a safe environment by enforcing code access security. The

software version of .NET is actually the CLR version.

Working of the CLR

When the .NET program is compiled, the output of the compileris not an executable file but a

file that contains a special type of code called the Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL),

which is a low-level set of instructions understood by the common language run time. This

MSIL defines a set of portable instructions that are independent of any specific CPU. It's the job

of the CLR to translate this Intermediate code into a executable code when the program is

executed making the program to run in any environment for which the CLR is implemented. And

that's how the .NET Framework achieves Portability. This MSIL is turned into executable code

using a JIT (Just In Time) complier. The process goes like this, when .NET programs are

executed, the CLR activates the JIT complier. The JIT complier converts MSIL into native code

on a demand basis as each part of the program is needed. Thus the program executes as a native

code even though it is compiled into MSIL making the program to run as fast as it would if it is

compiled to native code but achieves the portability benefits of MSIL.

Class Libraries

Class library is the second major entity of the .NET Framework which is designed to integrate

with the common language runtime. This library gives the program access to runtime

environment. The class library consists of lots of prewritten code that all the applications created

in VB .NET and Visual Studio .NET will use. The code for all the elements like forms,

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controls and the rest in VB .NET applications actually comes from the class library.

Common Language Specification (CLS)

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If we want the code which we write in a language to be used by programs in other languages

then it should adhere to the Common Language Specification (CLS). The CLS describes a set of

features that different languages have in common. The CLS defines the minimum standards

that .NET language compilers must conform to, and ensures that any source code compiled by

a .NET compiler can interoperate with the .NET Framework.

Some reasons why developers are building applications using the .NET Framework:

o Improved Reliability

o Increased Performance

o Developer Productivity

o Powerful Security

o Integration with existing Systems

o Ease of Deployment

o Mobility Support

o XML Web service Support

o Support for over 20 Programming Languages

o Flexible Data Access

APPENDICES-B [SQL SERVER]

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INTRODUCTION TO SQL SERVER

Microsoft SQL Server is a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) designed to run

on platforms ranging from laptops to large multiprocessor servers. SQL Server is commonly

used as the backend system for websites and corporate CRMs and can support thousands of

concurrent users. SQL Server comes with a number of tools to help you with your database

administration and programming tasks. SQL Server is much more robust and scalable than a

desktop database management system such as Microsoft Access. Anyone who has ever tried

using Access as a backend to a website will probably be familiar with the errors that were

generated when too many users tried to access the database. Although SQL Server can also be

run as a desktop database system, it is most commonly used as a server database system.

Server Database Systems

Server based database systems are designed to run on a central server, so that multiple users can

access the same data simultaneously. The users normally access the database through an

application.

Stored procedures

Stored procedures are a powerful part of SQL Server. They can assist programmers and

administrators greatly in working with the database configuration and its data. A stored

procedure is a precompiled group of Transact-SQL statements, and is saved to the database

(under the "Stored Procedures" node). Programmers and administrators can execute stored

procedures either from the Query Analyzer or from within an application as required. Transact-

SQL, which is based on SQL (Structured Query Language), is the programming language used

to interface between applications and their databases. Transact-SQL is a relatively easy language

to learn and I highly recommend becoming familiar with it.

Benefits of Stored Procedures

Modular programming

You can write a stored procedure once, then call it from multiple places in your application.

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Performance

Stored procedures provide faster code execution and reduce network traffic.

Faster execution: Stored procedures are parsed and optimized as soon as they are

created and the stored procedure is stored in memory. This means that it will execute

a lot faster than sending many lines of SQL code from your application to the SQL

Server. Doing that requires SQL Server to compile and optimze your SQL code every

time it runs.

Reduced network traffic: If you send many lines of SQL code over the network to

your SQL Server, this will impact on network performance. This is especially true if

you have hundreds of lines of SQL code and/or you have lots of activity on your

application. Running the code on the SQL Server (as a stored procedure) eliminates

the need to send this code over the network. The only network traffic will be the

parameters supplied and the results of any query.

Security

Users can execute a stored procedure without needing to execute any of the statements directly.

Therefore, a stored procedure can provide advanced database functionality for users who

wouldn't normally have access to these tasks, but this functionality is made available in a tightly

controlled way.

Features of SQL Server:-

Server is a powerful application, and this tutorial has provided an overview of the main concepts

involved in administering SQL Server.

created databases

created database tables

inserted data into those tables

used the Query Analyzer to run a query

created a login account

created and executed a DTS package

executed that same DTS package via a scheduled job and more

REFERENCES40


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[1] Visual Basic .NET Programming BY Holzner Steven (BLACK BOOK).

[2] SQLPL/SQL BY Ivan Bayross.

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