PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT BY GLASS POWDER AND SAND BY QUARRY DUST

Civil engineering department Srinivas School of Engineering, Mukka

1) Strength Characteristics of Pre Cast Concrete Blocks Incorporating Waste Glass Powder

Authors: Patel Dhirendra , Yadav R.K. and Chandak R

Published in : ISCA journal of engineering sciences

Year of publication: July 2012

•In this study, waste glass powder obtained from the grinding process is used as a cement

replacement material in concrete.

•The use of finely divided glass powder as a cement replacement material has yielded

positive results.

•It is expected to provide:

1. Direct influenced economy in construction.

2. Environmental friendly disposal of waste glass.

3. Strength development and durability of concrete

4. In enhancement of use of such nonconventional materials

Materials used :

Cement + Fine aggregates + Coarse aggregates + Waste glass powder (80% finer than 45 micron)

• Test on materials: Compressive strength test• Results

• Conclusions:

It is expected to provide an impetus to the use of waste glass powder as a partial cement material in region where this material is locally available. The economical and environmental impacts result from the possibility of minimizing cement content.

% replacement with glass powder

28 days compressive strength in N/mm2

0% 25.5%

5% 24.42

10% 24.33

15% 24.00

20% 23.11

2) Experimental investigation of waste glass powder as the partial replacement of cement in concrete

production Authors : Jitendra B. Jangid, Prof.A.C.Saoji

Published in: IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering

Year of publication: 2014• Glass is amorphous material with high silica content, thus making it

potentially pozzolanic when particle size is less than 75μm. • Materials used:

Cement (43 grade)+Sand (maximum size 4.75 mm dia+ Coarse aggregate+

Waste glass powder (size less than 90 μm)• Mix design was carried out for M30 grade of concrete• Mix proportion= 1:1:2• w/c ratio= 0.48

• Test on Materials:

1. Compressive and flexural strength:

Concrete prepared with different percentage replacement of cement by 5% to 40% at interval of 5% each and were tested at 28 days and 60 days.

2. Workability test:

In this experimental work, the slump value of fresh concrete was in the range of 80mm to 100mm.

• Results:

Replacement of GLP by cement

28 days Compressive strength(N/mm2)

28 days flexural strength(N/mm2)

0% 27.01 -

5% 28.62 3.49

10% 29.81 3.63

15% 31.66 3.80

20% 33.42 3.98

25% 30.51 4.21

30% 24.20 4.00

35% 24.21 3.59

40% 19.01 3.43

3) Comparative Study of Waste Glass Powder as Pozzolanic Material in Concrete

Author: Ankur Meena and Randheer Singh

Name of Journal: National Institute of Technology RourkelaYear of publication: 2012

•The coarse and fine glass aggregates could cause ASR(alkali-silica reaction) in concrete , but the glass powder could suppress their ASR tendency.

• Objective: To evaluate the recyclability of powdered waste glass To study the comparative effects of addition of powder glass , fly ash and silica fumes in concrete.

• Matrials used: glass powder + Ordinary Portland cement(43 grade) + fly ash+ silica fumes+ coarse aggregates + fine aggregates. • Mix proportion= 1:2:4

•Test on materials:

- consistency test - compressive strength test

- capillary absorption test

The capillary absorption coefficient (k) was calculated by using formula: k= Q/A* sqrt (t) Q= amount of water absorbed A = cross sectional area in contact with water t = time •Results:

Design mix 28 DAYS Compressive strength in N/mm2

MC1 25.33

MCS1 23.41

MCF1 17.48

MCG11 14.57

MCG12 17.05

•Conclusions: 1. Compared to fly ash concrete, finer glass powder concrete had slightly higher early strength as well as late strength. 2. Micro structural examination shows that glass powder produces a denser matrix which improves the durability property of concrete. 3. The coefficient of capillary absorption test also indicates that incorporation of finer glass powder improves durability. 4. Glass powder of size 150μm - 100μm exhibit initiation of alkali aggregate reaction. 5. The data presented in this study indicates that silica fume is best SCM. It gives highest compressive strength because of its smaller grain size and spherical shapes. 6. The fine glass powder can be used as a replacement for expensive materials like silica fume and fly ash. 7. It can be concluded that 30% of glass powder of size less than 100μm could be included as cement replacement

4) Experimental Study On Replacement Of Cement By Glass Powder

Author: R.Vandhiyan, K. Ramkumar and R. Ramya Name of journals: International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Year of publication:May 2013

• Cement was replaced by the glass powder in the proportion of 5%, 10% and 15%.

•Materials used: River sand + Broken stones from quarry + Cement (OPC) + Waste glass (green colored glass)

•Concrete mix proportion:

A plane concrete with water cement ratio of 0.45 was used a control mix. In other three mixes 5%, 10%, 15% of cement is replaced by glass powder in weight.

• mix ratio of 1:4

•Test on materials: Plastic state test Compressiv9e strength of cement mortar Compressive strength of concrete Split tensile strength of concrete Flexural strength of concrete Alkali-silica reactivity •Results:

•Conclusions:

-10% replacement of cement by glass powder is the best proportion. -Alkali-silica reactivity effect is controlled when glass powder with high Na2O is used.

Replacement of glass powder

28 days compressive strength N/mm2

0% 33.70

5% 34.7

10% 36.18

15% 32.04

Authors: Dr. G.Vijayakumar, Ms H. Vishaliny, Dr. D. Govindarajulu

5) Studies on Glass Powder as Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete Production

Name of journal: International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Year of publication: Feb 2013

•Materials used: Cement ( OPC, 43 grade)+Clean river sand ( max size 4.75mm)+

Machine crushed blue granite stone angular+ waste crushed powder (sizes less than size 150 μm and sieved in 75 μm)

•Mix proportion of materials is 1:2.33:3.6•w/c ratio = 0.53•The replacement levels of cement, glass powder were used in terms of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% in concrete.•Chemical admixture is not used.

•Test on materials: Durability test,Workability test, Alkalinity test, flexural strength, compressive strength, split tensile test.

•Result And Discussion:

-The compressive strength test on both conventional and glass added concrete was performed on standard compression testing machine of 3000kN capacity.

• Conclusion:

-The specimen tested found to be more alkaline and hence more resistant towards corrosion.

-Replacement of glass powder in cement by 20%, 30% and 40% increases the compressive strength by 19.6%, 25.3% and 33.7% respectively. -Replacement of glass powder in cement by 40% increases the split tensile strength by 4.4% respectively. -Replacement of glass powder in cement by 20%, 30% and 40% increases the flexural strength by 83.07%, 99.07% and 100% respectively.

6) FLEXURAL AND TENSILE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE USING

LATERITIC SAND AND QUARRY DUST AS FINE AGGREGATE

Author: Joseph. O. Ukpata and Maurice. E. Ephraim Published in:Joseph. O. Ukpata and Maurice. E.Ephraim

Year of publication :March 2012

•Structural characteristics of concrete using lateritic sand and quarry dust as fine aggregate.

• Flexural and tensile characteristics of concrete

• MATERIALS REQUIRED: Lateritic sand+Quarry dust+ Cement+ Coarse Aggregate+Water

• Test on Materials: 1. Flexural strength test 2. Tensile splitting strength test

• Concrete mix : 1 : 1.5 : 3• Water cement ratio : 0.65

• Results: 1. Flexural strength: 3.28 N/mm^2 for 50% Laterite : 50% Quarry Dust 2.88N/mm^2 for 25% Laterite : 75% Quarry Dust 2. Tensile strength: 2.91N/mm^2 for 50% Laterite : 50% Quarry Dust 1.67N/mm^2 for 25% Laterite : 75% Quarry Dust

• Conclusions: 1. Both flexural and tensile strengths increase in lateritic sand 2. Concrete containing mixtures of lateritic sand and quarry dust can be reasonably used in structural elements as for normal concrete

7) INHIBITIVE EFFECT OF ORGANIC INHIBITORS IN CONCRETE CONTAINING

QUARRY DUST AS FINE AGGREGATE • Author : Prof. M. Devi , Prof. V. Rajkumar , Dr. K. Kannan

• Name of journal : International Journal of Advances in Engineering Sciences Vol. 2

• Year of publication : Jan 2012

• Objective : Study the strength and corrosion resistive properties of concrete containing quarry dust with organic inhibitors.

• Materials Required : Cement+ Coarse Aggregate+Quarry Dust+Super Plasticizer+Inhibitors

• Test on Materials : 1. Compressive strength

2. Split tensile strength

3. Flexural strength

4. Bond strength in addition to water absorption

• RESULTS : 1. Replacement of sand by well graded quarry dust along with super plasticizer increases the strength concrete.

2. Inhibitors offers very good resistance against chemical attack

3. Increases corrosion resistanc

• CONCLUSION :

1. The concrete containing well graded quarry dust as fine aggregate along with plasticizer can be effectively utilized in the construction industry

2. Among the various percentages (1%, 2%, 3% and 4%) of Triethanolamine and Diethanolamine added, the quarry dust replaced concrete with 2% addition of inhibitor shows maximum improvement in the compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, and bond strength when compared to the control specimen.

3. By adding corrosion inhibitor permeability & water absorption properties were considerably reduced.

4. Addition of the organic inhibitors to quarry dust replaced concrete, offered very good resistance against chemical attack and increases corrosion resistance by forming thin oxide layer to prevent outside agents and shielding the anodic sites.

8) EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF WASTE GLASS POWDER AS PARTIAL

REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT IN CONCRETE

Author : Dhanaraj mohan patil, Dr. keshav k. sanglePublished in : International Journal of Advanced Technology in Civil

Engineering , ISSN 2231-5721Year of publication : 2013

• Objective :For checking strength effect of replacement of cement by glass powder and also checking the size effect of glass powder on strength of

concrete.• Materials Required :Cement (Portland cement grade 43)+Fine Aggregate (Size of 4.75mm)+Coarse Aggregate(20mm–4.75mm) + Quarry

Dust+Water

• M30 grade of concrete.• Test on materials : Compressive strength • Equipments used : 1. Specimens of dimensions 150x150x150mm 2. Compressive testing machine

• For checking strength effect of replacement of cement by glass powder, the cement is replaced at 10%, 20% and 30%.

• For study of size effect of glass powder the powder is divided in to two grades one is glass powder having size less than 90 micron and another is glass powder having particle size ranges from 90 micron to 150 micron.

• RESULTS :

1. Initial strength gain is very less due to addition of GLP on 7th day.But it increases on the 28th day.

2. It is found that 20% addition of GLP gives higher strength and GLP size less than 90 micron is very effective in enhancement of strength.

• CONCLUSION :

1. Addition of GLP increases the strength of concrete.

2. At the level of 20% replacement of cement by GLP meets maximum strength as compare to that of normal concrete and other percentage of replacement of cement.

3. As the size of GLP particle decreases in concrete the strength of concrete increases. From results it is conclude that particle size less than 90 micron get higher strength than that of particle size ranges from 90 to 150 micron.

9) Performance of Using Waste Glass Powder In Concrete As Replacement Of Cement

Author : Gunalaan Vasudevan, Seri Ganis Kanapathy pillayPublished in : American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER)

Year of publication : 2013• Objectives : 1. To check the compressive strength of the concrete using the waste glass powder.2. To check the workability of the concrete using the waste glass powder.3. To check the density of the concrete.

• Materials Required : Cement + Fine Aggregate + Coarse Aggregate + Waste Glass Powder + Water .• Test on materials : 1. Workability Test ( Slump test , Compacting Factor Test ) 2. Density Test 3. Compressive Strength Test• Equipments used : 1. Cubes (150x150x150mm) 2. Compressive testing machine 3. Slump , Tamping rod 4. Compaction factor test machine• M30 grade of concrete

• Results :

• Results indicate that the concrete with using waste glass powder were able to increases the workability and compressive strength.•But density is reduced compare to standard mixture of concrete.

•Conclusion :

1. From the research using waste glass powder is giving positive value even though the value compare to standard mix it just less about 1N/mm^2.

2. Concrete become lighter when mix with waste glass powder.

3. The average cube density of concrete with using more percentages of waste glass powder averagely gives lowest value compared to control sample.

Days Replacement Compressive Strength

Control sample

7 20% 20N/mm^2 19N/mm^2

14 20% 29N/mm^2 26N/mm^2

28 20% 32N/mm^2 33N/mm^2

10) The Effect of Recycled Glass Powder and Reject Fly Ash on the Mechanical Properties of Fibre-Reinforced Ultrahigh Performance Concrete

Author : Shi Cong Kou and Feng Xing

Name of journals : Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

Year of publication : 2012

• Objectives : study for the purpose of reducing the cost of producing ultrahigh performance fibre-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC). Reject fly ash (r-FA) and recycled glass powder (GP) were examined as replacement materials for the silica sand and cement used to prepare UHPFRC, respectively. In addition, curing UHPFRC specimens at and was investigated to determine differences in mechanical properties.

• Materials Required : Cementitious Material + Aggregate (Silica Sand +Reject Fly Ash (r-FA) ) + Steel Fibre + Superplasticiser

• Test on matrials : 1. Compressive strength 2. Flexural strength 3. Workability

• Results :

1. Using r-FA and GP reduces the flowability of fresh UHPFRC.

2. The use of GP increased the mechanical properties of the UHPFRC.

3. Test results indicate a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of plain concrete by the inclusion of r-FA as partial replacement of fine aggregate (sand) and can be effectively used in UHPFRC.

4. specimens cured at 25◦C give lower compressive strength, flexural strength, and fracture energy than specimens cured at 90◦C .

• Conclusions :

1. The replacement of cement by glass powder decreased the early (before 7 days), but increased the later (after 28 days) compressive strength, flexural strength, and fracture energy of UHPFRC.

2. Compressive strength, flexural strength, and fracture energy of silica-sand-replaced r-FA UHPFRC specimens were higher than for the control specimens at all ages.

3. At all ages, the replacement of cement and sand by GP and r-FA, respectively, increased the compressive strength, flexural strength, and fracture energy.

11)Partial Replacement of Sand with Quarry Dust in Concrete

• Author : Chandana Sukesh, Katakam BalaKrishna Lakshmi SaiTeja •Published in :International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE)

• Year of publication : May 2013

• The reduction in the sources of natural sand and the requirement for reduction in the cost of concrete

production has resulted in the increased need to identify substitute material to sand as fine aggregates in

the production of concretes especially in Concrete. Quarry dust, a by-product from the crushing process

during quarrying activities is one of such materials

• Materials used: Cement + Fine Aggregates + Coarse Aggregates + Quarry Dust

• Test on materials: Specific gravity

Particle size analysis

Bulking

Workability

Compressive strength

•Result And Conclusion

1. Specific gravity : The average value of the specific gravity of natural river sand and quarry dust is 2.596 and 2.552

2. Bulking of aggregate: Average percentage of bulking of sand is 22.71%; Average percentage of bulking of quarry dust is 24.51%

3. Compressive strength :

Days Ordinary Mix

10% 20%

7 days 23.12 22.86 22.65

14 days 24.45 23.87 23.50

21 days 30.52 31.45 31.69

27 days 33.0 34.46 35.21

4. Workability:

Conclusions:

•The Replacement of the sand with quarry dust shows an increase in the compressive strength of the concrete. •As the replacement of the sand with quarry dust increases the workability of the concrete is decreasing due to the absorption of the water by the quarry dust•The specific gravity is almost same both for the natural river sand and quarry dust. •The ideal percentage of the replacement of sand with the quarry dust is 55% to 75% in case of compressive strength. •The further increasing the percentage of replacement can be made useful by adding the fly ash along with the quarry dust so that 100% replacement of sand can be achieved.

Water cement ratio

% of replacement

0.5 0.55 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

0 30 28 26 23

10 30 28 28 26 24 23

20 30 29 27 26 24 24

30 30 29 27 26 24 24

40 30 30 28 28 26 25

50 30 30 30 30 28 26

60 30 30 30 30 29 29

12)Optimum utilization of Quarry dust as partial replacement of sand in concrete

• Author : Lohani T.K. , Padhi M. , Dash K.P. , Jena S. Published in: Lohani et al.,

•Year of publication : April 2012• Large scale exploitation of natural sand creates environmental impact on society. River sand is most commonly used fine aggregate in concrete but due to acute shortage in many areas, availability, cost & environmental impact are the major concern (Ahmed et.al., 1989). To overcome from this crisis, partial replacement of sand with quarry dust can be an economic alternative • Materials used: Cement + Fine aggregate +coarse aggregate +Quarry dust•Test on properties of fresh concrete:

Workability

Compaction factor

Compressive strength

Split tensile strength

Flexural strength

Modulus of elasticity of concrete

Water absorption capacity

Result :

• Workability : For water cement ratio 0.55

• Compaction factor : For water cement ratio 0.55

% OF QUARRY DUST

0 20 30 40 50

Slump value 37 45 50 54 60

% of quarry dust

0 20 30 40 50

Compaction factor

0.90 0.851 0.845 0.827 0.802

Flexural strength of mixes with age (53 grade)% Quarry dust

Age (days)

0 20 30 40 50

7 3.8 3.7 2.7 2.1 1.8

28 5.1 4.7 4.4 3.7 2.9

91 5.4 5.2 4.8 4.6 3.4

• Compressive strength : Compressive strength of mixes with age (53 grade)

% quarry dust

Age(days) 0 20 30 40 50

7 22 25 26 23 21

28 30 34 31 29 26

91 34 36 37 35 33

• Conclusion Aggregates with higher surface area are requiring more water in the mixture to

wet the particle surfaces adequately and to maintain a specific workability. Obviously increasing in water content in the mixture will adversely affect the quality of concrete

The measured slump values of quarry dust concrete with constant water cement ratio 0.55 are found to be 37, 45, 50, 54 and 60 mm for different mixes

The measured compaction factor value for quarry dust concrete with constant w/c ratio (0.55) are found to be 0.90, 0.851, 0.845, 0.827 and 0.802 for different mixes

The split tensile strength at 28 days curing for control mix M1 achieved 2.72 Mpa for 53 grades.