renz hort update MG 2017 kenosha compressed · 5/2/2017 1 Responding to Horticulture Inquiries...
Transcript of renz hort update MG 2017 kenosha compressed · 5/2/2017 1 Responding to Horticulture Inquiries...
5/2/2017
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Responding to Horticulture InquiriesWeeds/Invasive plants
Mark [email protected]
fyi.uwex.edu/weedsci
Dutchman’s breeches battling garlic mustard
WEATHER DRIVES PLANT POPULATION DEVELOPMENT
Extended fall growing season
What species do well when we have extended fall?
• Perennial species that continue to grow until a hard freeze
– Lawns: Creeping charlie
– Pastures/grasslands: Canada thistle
– Forests/natural areas: Buckthorn/honeysuckle
• Biennials
– Burdock, wild parsnip, garlic mustard
• Winter Annuals (if we get september precip.)
– Chickweed, Shepard's purse
• Ample in fall
• Above average in spring
What about Precipitation?
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Which winter annuals to look for?
Chickweed Identification
• 11 species present in WI,
– some difficult to differentiate
• Opposite, small leaves
• Emerges in cool weather
• Creates mats of plants
Shepherd’s purse
•Plants have mostly rosette leaves
•Leaves lobed
•Stem is elongated stalk with few leaves
•Flowers have four white petals
•Seed pod small; triangular shape
•Like a true “shepherd’s purse”
Shepherd’s purse
Field pennycress
•Entire plant has odor of garlic
•Leaves with wavy margins
•Leaves have ear-like lobes that clasp stem on upper leaves
•Flowers have four white petals
•Seed pods size of dime, notched on the top
Field pennycress
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Horseweed (Conyza canadensis)
Horseweed/Marestail
Typical start to 2017!
How many have heard about “superweeds”?
• More competitive
• Increased risk for herbicide resistance– Multiple herbicides
• Pigweeds are of greatest concern– Palmer amaranth
– waterhemp
Pigweed species (Amaranthus) found in Wisconsin
• 13 species, 6 of agricultural importance
1. Red‐root pigweed (60 counties#)2. Smooth pigweed (14 counties#)3. Prostrate pigweed (48 counties#)4. Powell’s amaranth (34 counties#)
5. Common/tall waterhemp (50 counties*)6. Palmer Amaranth (4 counties*)
# herbarium reports used to determine presence* Added to herbarium reports from knowledge from credible sources
All Pigweeds have notches in tips of young leaves
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Start with the stem when differentiating pigweeds.Hairy: redroot pigweed, smooth pigweed, Powell amaranth
Smooth: waterhemp, Palmer amaranth, spiny amaranth
Pigweed id
Palmer vs Waterhemp
Both have notched leaves at seedling stage
Subtle but important differences in leaf morphology
Palmer: leaf is more rounded or egg-shaped; petiole generally longer than leaf
Waterhemp: leaf is longer; petiole shorter than leaf
Palmer, waterhemp, redroot
Seed heads can be used for identification later in the season.
Palmer: Long terminal seed heads
Waterhemp: Thin, wiry seed heads
Summary of Pigweed ID
• Step 1: smooth or hairy stems
– If smooth Palmer or waterhemp or spiny amaranth
– If ANY hairs, redroot or smooth (others)
• Step 2 petiole longer than leaf
– If yes PALMER
• confirm by leaf shape (more rounded) and inflorescence, long with one main stem> 1 ft long when mature
– If no waterhemp– Confirm by leaf shape (narrow) and twice divide inflorescences (each inches long)
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diecous diecous
Few hairs
Palmer Amaranth Waterhemp
D. Stoltenberg, D Hammer, N Drewitz
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What is the distribution in Wisconsin of these two species?
WI herbarium results + other credible reports
Actively surveyed for new populations in 2016!
• Statewide we did not observe an increase in the presence of waterhemp or Palmer in Wisconsin
• Waterhemp: 5.0 % of fields statewide– 10% in the following counties
• Northcentral counties: Clark, Marathon• Northwest counties: Polk, Barron• Central counties: Portage, Adams• Southcentral counties: Columbia, Dane, Jefferson, Dodge
• Populations of Palmer amaranth continue to be extremely rare (<1%)– Proactive monitoring will be needed to detect
Will be developing outreach material and will be asking for you to report pigweed species this summer!
Resources UWEX will point you to for weed identification
• GENERAL RESOURCES
– Weed ID Website: http://weedid.wisc.edu
– Weeds of the Northeast (book)
– Weeds of Ontario (book)
• INVASIVE PLANTS
– DNR NR40 Guide (field guide)
– Invasive Plant videos (my website/YouTube)
– Invasive plant factsheets (learning store/my website)
Invasive plantsWild Chervil
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What is an invasive species?
4 main points
URL: WIFDN INVASIVE SPECIES INTRO
http://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/code/admin_code/nr/001/40.pdf
What is an invasive plant?
• A non‐native plant that causes economic, environmental impact to WI or harm to human health
• We have an invasive species rule that regulates invasive species (NR:40)
– Updated (May 2015)
– Over 130 plants regulated to some degree
Are all non‐native species invasive?
Estimated 1% of introduced species become invasive (Groves 1986)
A few bad actors
What is the legal definition of an invasive species?
• NR 40, WI‐DNR (2009): A nonnative species including hybrids, cultivars, subspecific taxa, and genetically modified variants whose introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health”
http://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/code/admin_code/nr/001/40.pdf
How WI‐DNR regulates
• Prohibited
– Control required
– Illegal to knowingly spread
• Restricted
– Control encouraged
– Illegal to knowingly spread
• Split listed
– Category changes depending on location in state
How many are regulated?
• 68 prohibited species
– Yellow star thistle
– Kudzu (not in WI)
• 63 restricted species– Wild parsnip
– Common buckthorn
– Garlic mustard
• 14 split listed– Hill mustard
– Eurasian marsh thistle
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SOME ornamental are invasive
Japanese Barberry in WI Natural Area
INFORMING CONSUMERS ABOUT BETTER CHOICES
SMART PHONE APPLICATION
• Benefits• Reach more
people
• Provide more information than brochure
• Product that’s with you at all times
• Apple & Android versions now available
iPhone and iPad:Go to the App Store and search for “landscape
alternatives”
Android:https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.
bugwood.landscapealternatives
OR search for “Bugwood Android apps” in your web browser
HOW TO GET THE (FREE!) APP
INVASIVE ORNAMENTALS IN WI
Common Name Common Name
Buckthorn spp. Crown vetch
Honeysuckle spp (several) Purple loosestrife
Autumn olive Japanese knotweed
Black locust Yellow iris
Japanese barberry Lilly of the valley
Multiflora rose Orange daylillys
Oriental bittersweet White poplar
Dame's rocket Common Periwinkle
Phragmites Tree of heaven
Reed canarygrass Burning bush
Citizen Science to Detect Invasive Species
Anne Pearce [email protected]; 608‐262‐9570
fyi.uwex.edu/wifdn
Wisconsin First Detector Network
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What is WIFDN?
• Statewide citizen science network
• Provide educational resources
• Support volunteer opportunities
Education and Training
• Website resources fyi.uwex.edu/wifdn• In person workshops• Annual webinar series (Fridays, noon – 1:30
pm)
•March 17th: What to Look for in 2017•April 7th: Passengers vs. Drivers•April 21st: Take Action! Control Efforts
in Wisconsin•May 5th: Citizen Science + Volunteer
Opportunities
Register at fyi.uwex.edu/wifdn
2016 Efforts
• 542 webinar + workshop participants
• 2978 volunteer hours
• 1800 invasive species reports
WIFDN volunteers work across the state
But which species do I report?
• Over 100 regulated invasive plants in WI
– More are not listed
• Invasions can be specific to areas of Wisconsin.
• Creating resources to assist in prioritizing which species to REPORT!
– Search for: Priority Invasive Plant Lists in Wisconsin
The Process of Creating a Priority Species List
Percent of county deemed “suitable habitat”
Priority LIST(top species)vs
High Priority LIST(top species with limited presence points)
ArcGIS Story Map
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We are asking for your help!!!!!
We create predictive models for habitat that CAN be invaded from
reports!Leafy spurge predictive map
Report new infestations
Several options on how to report1. Contact me, DNR staff, county agent
2. Submit observation via the Great Lakes Early Detection Network/WIFDN
– Visit fyi.uwex/edu/wifdn for training info on how to report• Website
• Smartphone app (free)
Join now and help inform us about the potential future spread of new invaders!
Thank you!fyi.uwex.edu/[email protected]