RENT A CAR AND/OR DVD AND GET RENT A CAR AND/OR DVD AND GET ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT BACTERIA ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT BACTERIA

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Ghenghesh KS., Nashnoush H., Ghenghesh KS., Nashnoush H., Shaker A., and El-Naami MM.Shaker A., and El-Naami MM.

Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science, Tripoli University of Science, Tripoli University

Tripoli-LibyaTripoli-Libya

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Inanimate common objects touched by people (toys, Inanimate common objects touched by people (toys, computer keyboards, door knobs, etc) may transmit computer keyboards, door knobs, etc) may transmit bacterial infections particularly in hospitals as well bacterial infections particularly in hospitals as well as in the community. as in the community. Recently the number of rent a car agencies as well Recently the number of rent a car agencies as well as DVD rental shops has increased tremendously all as DVD rental shops has increased tremendously all over the country particularly in the main cities of over the country particularly in the main cities of Libya (Tripoli and Benghazi).Libya (Tripoli and Benghazi).The aim of the present work was to isolate and The aim of the present work was to isolate and identify the bacteria from the surfaces of steering identify the bacteria from the surfaces of steering wheels of rented cars and rented DVDs and wheels of rented cars and rented DVDs and determine the susceptibility of the isolated bacteria determine the susceptibility of the isolated bacteria to antibiotics.to antibiotics.

METHODSMETHODS

Using sterile moistened swabs two samples were obtained Using sterile moistened swabs two samples were obtained from each steering wheel (SW) of 30 cars (20 rented) and from from each steering wheel (SW) of 30 cars (20 rented) and from 60 rented DVDs.60 rented DVDs.Samples were plated on Mannitol Salt agar for isolation of Samples were plated on Mannitol Salt agar for isolation of staphylococci, MacConkey agar and Salmonella-Shigella agar staphylococci, MacConkey agar and Salmonella-Shigella agar (SSA) for salmonellae, shigellae and other enterobacteria, (SSA) for salmonellae, shigellae and other enterobacteria, Blood agar for streptoccoci and Blood agar for streptoccoci and PseudomonasPseudomonas spp., and spp., and inoculated into Selenite F broth (SF) and Alkaline Peptone inoculated into Selenite F broth (SF) and Alkaline Peptone water (APW, pH 8.6, enrichment for water (APW, pH 8.6, enrichment for AeromonasAeromonas). After ). After overnight incubation at 37°C, loopsful from SF and APW were overnight incubation at 37°C, loopsful from SF and APW were plated on SSA and BA supplemented with 15mg ampicillin, plated on SSA and BA supplemented with 15mg ampicillin, respectively. respectively. Suspected colonies were identified using standard Suspected colonies were identified using standard bacteriological procedures and API 20NE whenever bacteriological procedures and API 20NE whenever appropriate.appropriate.Susceptibility of isolated organisms to antibiotics was carried Susceptibility of isolated organisms to antibiotics was carried out by the disc diffusion method.out by the disc diffusion method.

RESULTSRESULTS

Bacteria isolated from steering wheels of Bacteria isolated from steering wheels of cars and rented DVDs cars and rented DVDs

No (%) positiveNo (%) positiveBacteriaBacteria SWs SWs DVDs DVDs

((nn=30)=30) ((nn=60)=60)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------S. aureusS. aureus 20 (67)20 (67) 35 (58.3) 35 (58.3) S. epidermidisS. epidermidis 7 (23.3) 7 (23.3) 20 (33.3)20 (33.3)Pseudomonas Pseudomonas 1 (3.3) 1 (3.3) 3 (5) 3 (5)

aeruginosaaeruginosaBacillusBacillus species species 10 (33)10 (33) 23 (38.3) 23 (38.3) Gram-negative rods Gram-negative rods - - 7 (11.7) 7 (11.7) Gram-negative cocci Gram-negative cocci - - 1 (1.7) 1 (1.7)

Resistance of Resistance of Staphylococcus aureusStaphylococcus aureus isolated isolated from steering wheels of cars and rented DVDsfrom steering wheels of cars and rented DVDs

No. (%) resistantNo. (%) resistantAntibioticAntibiotic SWs SWs DVDs DVDs

((nn=20)=20) ((nn=35)=35)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------AmpicillinAmpicillin 18 (90) 18 (90) 20 (57.1) 20 (57.1)Methicillin (MRSA) Methicillin (MRSA) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 4 (11.4)4 (11.4)ErythromycinErythromycin 6 (30) 6 (30) 17 (48.6) 17 (48.6) Tetracycline Tetracycline 4 (20) 4 (20) 5 (14.3) 5 (14.3) Fusidic acidFusidic acid 7 (35) 7 (35) 24 (68.6) 24 (68.6) Ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (2.9)1 (2.9)VancomycinVancomycin 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)0 (0.0)

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

Multiple antibiotic-resistant Multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria are not uncommon on the bacteria are not uncommon on the surfaces of SWs (of rented cars) surfaces of SWs (of rented cars) and of rented DVDs.and of rented DVDs.

Can steering wheels of rented cars Can steering wheels of rented cars transmit antibiotic-resistant bacteria transmit antibiotic-resistant bacteria

in the community?in the community?

Can rented DVDs transmit antibiotic-Can rented DVDs transmit antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the community?resistant bacteria in the community?

These inanimate objects may play a These inanimate objects may play a role in the transmission of multiple role in the transmission of multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the community.community.

More ?sMore ?s

How we can make a bug’s life on How we can make a bug’s life on SW and DVD hard?SW and DVD hard?

Wash hands with soap and running water Wash hands with soap and running water after using a rented car and/or DVDafter using a rented car and/or DVDDisinfect SWs and DVDs before use with Disinfect SWs and DVDs before use with pre-injection swabspre-injection swabs– MediSawbs, Sterets, others.MediSawbs, Sterets, others.

Designing surfaces that kill bacteria on Designing surfaces that kill bacteria on contactcontact– Amino glass slides acylated with acryloyl Amino glass slides acylated with acryloyl

chloride, copolymerized with 4-vinylpyridine, chloride, copolymerized with 4-vinylpyridine, and and NN-alkylated with different alkyl bromides -alkylated with different alkyl bromides (porpyl to hexadecyl). (porpyl to hexadecyl).

– The resultant surfaces, depending on the The resultant surfaces, depending on the alkyl group were able to kill up to 94 alkyl group were able to kill up to 94 ++ 4% of 4% of S. aureusS. aureus cells sprayed on them. cells sprayed on them.

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