Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall Senior Thesis ... Powerpoint.pdf · Renovation to Father...

The Catholic University Of America Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall

Penn State University

Kevin Andreone

Mechanical Option

Advisor: Dr. Laura Miller

Senior Thesis Presentation


Introduction

Building Overview

Existing Mechanical

Combined Heat and Power Analysis

Electrical Breath

Recommendations

Acknowledgments

Questions

Building Overview

General Building Data Location:

Size:

Height:

Construction Dates:

Cost:

Occupancy

Project Team

Owner:

Architect:

MEP/FP Engineer:

Structural Engineer:

Civil Engineer:

Project Management:

Washington, DC

54,000 GSF

4 Stories above grade, 1 below

July 2013-May 2014

15 million

Administrative/Office

Catholic University of America

SmithGroupJJR

SmithGroupJJR

McMullan & Associates, Inc.

ADTEK

Mark G Anderson Consultants, Inc.

Site Analysis

The Catholic University Of America Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall Existing Mechanical Systems

Air-Side

3 Existing AHU’s

East wing not in scope

AHU-4 and AHU-6

Use VAV and Fan powered

boxes with hot water reheat

in basement and first floors

AHU-5

Displacement ventilation on

first floor for two story

banquet hall

OAHU-1

Dedicated Outdoor AHU

Ventilates floors 2-4 and

uses 4 pipe Fan Coil Units

Basement Floor 1st Floor

2nd Floor 3rd Floor

4th Floor

(E)-Existing

Introduction

Building Overview

Existing Mechanical


Electrical Breath

Recommendations

Acknowledgments

Questions

The Catholic University Of America Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall Existing Mechanical Systems

Basement Floor 1st Floor

2nd Floor 3rd Floor

4th Floor

(E)-Existing

Water-Side

Cooling One 97.7 ton electric air-cooled chiller

• Two chilled water pumps with

VFD’s

Heating

Two 500 MBH Condensing Boilers

84% Efficient

Low Pressure (2psi) 2 inch

gas pipe provided by

Washington Gas Company

Three hot water pumps with

VFD’s

Introduction

Building Overview

Existing Mechanical


Electrical Breath

Recommendations

Acknowledgments

Questions

The Catholic University Of America Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall CHP Introduction

Introduction


CHP Introduction

Building Demands Profiles

CHP Demands

Primary Fuel Utilization Efficiency

Cost Analysis

Emissions

Electrical Breath

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Questions

Introduction

CHP Goals

Simultaneous production of heat

and power with on-site generation

Reliable power during grid

blackout or brownout

Higher overall efficiencies

Lower emissions

Absorption Cooling Goals

Utilize waste heat in summer

months

Reduce existing chiller size

Reduce power demand in

summer months


Introduction


CHP Introduction


CHP Demands


Cost Analysis

Emissions

Electrical Breath

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Questions

Spark Gap

Difference between price of

natural gas and electricity

Building Demand Profiles

Demands

Thermal to power ratio

λD = Qq

Qe

Driving factor

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

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mb

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KW

Bu

ild

ing

De

ma

nd

(B

tu)

24 Hour Building Demands per Month

Cooling Heating Power


Microturbine

Produce lowest power(15-250KW)

Low electrical Efficiency

Low Maintenance Cost

Low emissions

Table from EPA

Capstone C30 Microturbine Introduction


CHP Introduction


CHP Demands


Cost Analysis

Emissions

Electrical Breath

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Questions

Prime Movers


Microturbine




Low emissions

Capstone C30 Microturbine Introduction


CHP Introduction


CHP Demands


Cost Analysis

Emissions

Electrical Breath

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Questions

Prime Movers


Microturbine




Low emissions

Capstone C30 Microturbine

Net Heat Rate

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Btu

/h

KW

Fuel Input and Useful Exhaust vs KW Produced

Useful Exhaust Fuel Input

Introduction


CHP Introduction


CHP Demands


Cost Analysis

Emissions

Electrical Breath

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Questions


Microturbine




Low emissions

Capstone C30 Microturbine

Net Heat Rate

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

140.00

160.00

180.00

200.00

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Po

we

r (K

W)

Lo

ad

(B

tu)

Percentage

Load Duration Curve

Thermal Load Cooling Load Power Load

Introduction


CHP Introduction


CHP Demands


Cost Analysis

Emissions

Electrical Breath

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Questions


0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

900,000

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Octo

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No

vem

be

r

De

ce

mb

er

He

ati

ng

Lo

ad

(B

tu)

24 Hour Heating Demands

CHP Heating Boiler Heating

Introduction


CHP Introduction


CHP Demands


Cost Analysis

Emissions

Electrical Breath

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Questions

January Sample Calculations

Heating Demands


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

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De

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mb

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Co

olin

g D

em

an

d (

Ton

s)

24 Hour Cooling Demands

Absporption Cooling Electric Cooling

Introduction


CHP Introduction


CHP Demands


Cost Analysis

Emissions

Electrical Breath

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Questions


Cooling Demands


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

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ce

mb

er

Ele

ctr

ica

l D

em

an

d (

KW

)

24 Hour Power Distribution

Purchased Power CHP Power

Introduction


CHP Introduction


CHP Demands


Cost Analysis

Emissions

Electrical Breath

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Questions


Power Demands


0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

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mb

er

Use

ful E

xha

ust

(Btu

)

24 Hour Waste Heat Usage

Heating Cooling Wasted Exhaust

Introduction


CHP Introduction


CHP Demands


Cost Analysis

Emissions

Electrical Breath

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Questions


Useful Waste Heat


Introduction


CHP Introduction


CHP Demands


Cost Analysis

Emissions

Electrical Breath

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Questions

PEUF SHP= hGTDhB(1 + l D)

hB + hGTDl D PEUF CHP= heCHP( 1 + l D)

PEUF Hybrid = hCHPhGTDhB (1 + lD )

(hCHPhBfeD,GTD + hGTDhBfeD,CHP + hGTDhCHP l QD, B

CHP vs SHP

CHP INPUT

ήCHP 0.26

KW Produced 30 kw

Net Heat Rate 13100 btu/kw

ήHRU 0.6

ήB 0.84

ήGTD 0.33

Absorption Chiller COP 0.7


-3.0

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

Fe

d, C

HP

Fe

d, G

TD

PU

EF

λD


SHP Hybrid PFESR FED,CHP Fed,GTD


Primary Fuel Utilization Efficiency (PUEF) λD < 0.7 SHP has a higher PUEF

λD > 0.7 CHP has a higher PUEF

λD > 1.7 start over producing electricity and start to lose money

λD = 2.3 maximum PUEF and percent fuel savings ratio

λD < 2.3 start supplemental boiler and PFESR starts to decline but still

positive

CHP INPUT

ήCHP 0.26

KW Produced 30 kw


ήHRU 0.6

ήB 0.84

ήGTD 0.33


Introduction


CHP Introduction


CHP Demands


Cost Analysis

Emissions

Electrical Breath

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Questions


-3.0

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

Fe

d, C

HP

Fe

d, G

TD

PU

EF

λD


SHP Hybrid PFESR FED,CHP Fed,GTD


Introduction


CHP Introduction


CHP Demands


Cost Analysis

Emissions

Electrical Breath

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Questions


0

2.5

5

Jan

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Fe

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r

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mb

er

λ D c

hp

Hourly λD CHP

λD 2.3 0.7 1.7

Primary Fuel Utilization Efficiency (PUEF) λD < 0.7 SHP has a higher PUEF

λD > 0.7 CHP has a higher PUEF

λD > 1.7 start over producing electricity and start to lose money

λD = 2.3 maximum PUEF and percent fuel savings ratio

λD < 2.3 start supplemental boiler and PFESR starts to decline but still

positive

CHP INPUT

ήCHP 0.26

KW Produced 30 kw


ήHRU 0.6

ήB 0.84

ήGTD 0.33



Introduction


CHP Introduction


CHP Demands


Cost Analysis

Emissions

Electrical Breath

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Questions

-23000

-20000

-17000

-14000

-11000

-8000

-5000

-2000

1000

4000

7000

10000

0

1:0

0 A

M - 1

0:0

0 P

M

2:0

0 A

M - 9

:00

PM

3:0

0 A

M - 8

:00

PM

4:0

0 A

M - 7

:00

PM

5:0

0 A

M - 6

:00

PM

6:0

0 A

M - 6

:00

PM

7:0

0 A

M - 6

:00

PM

8:0

0 A

M - 6

:00

PM

9:0

0 A

M - 6

:00

PM

10

:00

AM

- 6

:00

PM

11

:00

AM

- 6

:00

PM

No

on

- 6

:00

PM

24

Ho

urs

Sa

vin

gs (

$)

Hours of Operation

Cost Analysis

15 KW 30 KW 65 KW

Cost Analysis

Cost Analysis


Introduction


CHP Introduction


CHP Demands


Cost Analysis

Emissions

Electrical Breath

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Questions

-23000

-20000

-17000

-14000

-11000

-8000

-5000

-2000

1000

4000

7000

10000

0

1:0

0 A

M - 1

0:0

0 P

M

2:0

0 A

M - 9

:00

PM

3:0

0 A

M - 8

:00

PM

4:0

0 A

M - 7

:00

PM

5:0

0 A

M - 6

:00

PM

6:0

0 A

M - 6

:00

PM

7:0

0 A

M - 6

:00

PM

8:0

0 A

M - 6

:00

PM

9:0

0 A

M - 6

:00

PM

10

:00

AM

- 6

:00

PM

11

:00

AM

- 6

:00

PM

No

on

- 6

:00

PM

24

Ho

urs

Sa

vin

gs (

$)

Hours of Operation

Cost Analysis

15 KW 30 KW 65 KW

Cost Analysis

Payback Period


Introduction


CHP Introduction


CHP Demands


Cost Analysis

Emissions

Electrical Breath

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Questions

Emissions Spreadsheet from EPA

Emissions

Emissions


Introduction


Electrical Breath

Recommendations

Acknowledgments

Questions

Electrical Breadth

Emergency Power

150 KW emergency generator

Duel fuel microturbine to

replace emergency generator

Reduce payback period

Power Connection

Replace Switchgear with

Parallel Switchgear

208/120V, 3PH-4W 3000A

Syncs power from two

sources

Add 480V:208/120V

transformer

Size wires and breakers


Introduction


Electrical Breath

Recommendations

Acknowledgments

Questions

Recommendations

Recommendations

Economically

Do not recommend CHP System

14 year payback period

Not enough heat load

Environmentally

Recommend CHP system

Save 27% Fuel Consumption

Reduce Carbon footprint by 47%


Introduction


Electrical Breath

Recommendations

Acknowledgments

Questions

Acknowledgments

Thank You!

Dr. Laura Miller – AE Senior Thesis Advisor

SmithGroupJJR

Dr. James Freihaut – Help with CHP systems

AE Faculty and Students

Friends and Family


Introduction


Electrical Breath

Recommendations

Acknowledgments

Questions

Questions

Questions?

The Catholic University Of America Renovation to Father O’Connell Hall Questions

Cost Analysis

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