Renewables 2016.pptx
Transcript of Renewables 2016.pptx
-
8/19/2019 Renewables 2016.pptx
1/22
Renewable energy
General studies 2016
-
8/19/2019 Renewables 2016.pptx
2/22
2
Basic ideas
• Renewable Energy – “any sustainable energy source that comes
from natural environment.”
• Features of Renewable Energy
– It exists perpetually
– It is a clean alternative to fossil fuels
-
8/19/2019 Renewables 2016.pptx
3/22
3
Introduction• Major Renewable Energy Sources
– Hydro Energy
– in! Energy
– Solar Energy
– Biomass Energy
– Tidal Energy
– Geothermal Energy
– Wave Energy
– Wastes
-
8/19/2019 Renewables 2016.pptx
4/22
Why renewables?
• The benefts o moving to renewablesare immense –
• energy seurity!
• limate "rotetion!
• redued "ollution
• health benefts or "eo"le
-
8/19/2019 Renewables 2016.pptx
5/22
5
IntroductionSolar "anels
in! #urbine $enerators
-
8/19/2019 Renewables 2016.pptx
6/22
6
Wind Energy - Technology• Differential heating of the earths surface
and atmos!here induces vertical and
hori"ontal air currents that are affected #y
the earths rotation and contours of the
land and generates %&'$
• % &ind tur#ine o#tains its !o&er in!ut #y
converting the force of the &ind into a
tor(ue )turning force* acting on the rotor#lades$
• The amount of energy &hich the &ind
transfers to the rotor de!ends on the
!ensity of the air+ the rotor area+ an! the
win! spee!.
• '() of Wind )arm is normally in the range
of ,- to /- de!ending u!on the site
conditions and WTG rating$ ' 'o&er
* %ir Density +,gm./
% Blade %rea -tur#ine +m0/
1 Wind velocity +ms/
" 0 -.1 2 3 2 4 2 5/
-
8/19/2019 Renewables 2016.pptx
7/22
7
• Major 6omponents of in! #urbine
Wind Energy - Technology
-
8/19/2019 Renewables 2016.pptx
8/22
What is #olar $nergy?
• Originates withthe thermonuclearfusion reactions
occurring in thesun.
• Represents theentireelectromagneticradiation (visiblelight, infrared,
ultraviolet, x-rays,and radio waves .
-
8/19/2019 Renewables 2016.pptx
9/22
-
8/19/2019 Renewables 2016.pptx
10/22
%isadvantages•
Sun does not shine consistently.• Solar energy is a diuse source. !oharness it, we must concentrate it intoan amount and form that we can use,such as heat and electricity.
-
8/19/2019 Renewables 2016.pptx
11/22
11
2olar Energy - Technology
• Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity.
• T&o main commercial &ays of conversion of sunlight into electricity$
– 6oncentrating Solar #hermal "lant )6S"*
– "hotovoltaic "lants )"5*
-
8/19/2019 Renewables 2016.pptx
12/22
12
2olar Energy - Technology• 6oncentrating Solar #hermal "lant
)6S"*
It contains3
– 4ollector )ield
– Tur#ine
– Generator
– 4ooling To&er
– Transformer
Courtesy: ESP Solar
-
8/19/2019 Renewables 2016.pptx
13/22
13
• Solar "hotovoltaic "lants )"5*
It contains3
– 2olar %rrays – Inverter
– Transformer
2olar Energy - Technology
-
8/19/2019 Renewables 2016.pptx
14/22
14
2olar Energy - Technology• In #oth 42' and '1 technologies5 solar resources !lays ma6or role$
• 7a!s are availa#le to calculate solar resource of a !articular region$ Ho&ever5 for #oth 42'
and '1 technologies !ifferent solar ra!iations are ta,en into account$
• Basically t&o ty!es of solar radiations are there3
– $lobal 7ori8ontal irra!iations )$7%*
– 'irect &ormal %rra!iation )'&%*
• )or '1 technologies $7% is considered$ GHI
consists of diffuse radiations and direct
hori"ontal radiations +#eam/$
• )or 42'5 '&% is considered$ D8I
is the amount of radiation received #y
a surface &hich is !ermanently aligned
!er!endicular to the incoming #eam$
-
8/19/2019 Renewables 2016.pptx
15/22
&ow muh solar energy?
The surae reeives about '() o thetotal solar energy that reahes the $arth*+nly this amount is usable*
-
8/19/2019 Renewables 2016.pptx
16/22
$,ieny and%isadvantages
• "#ciency is far lassthan the $$% of solarspectrum with usablewavelengths.
• &'% of photon energy
is used to warm thecrystal.• "#ciency drops as
temperatureincreases
• Overall, the e#ciencyis about -&%.
• *nderlying problem isweighing e#ciencyagainst cost. – +rystalline silicon-
more e#cient, moreexpensive tomanufacture
– morphous silicon-half as e#cient, lessexpensive toproduce.
-
8/19/2019 Renewables 2016.pptx
17/22
• Traditional solar ells are made romsilion
• urrently the most e,ient solar ellsavailable or residential use
• aount or around -0. "erent o allthe solar "anels sold around the
world*
• Generally silion based solar ells aremore e,ient and longer lasting than
non silion based ells*
-
8/19/2019 Renewables 2016.pptx
18/22
-
8/19/2019 Renewables 2016.pptx
19/22
Green norms or renewableenergy
• Renewable energy "ro/ets an have ma/or eologialim"ats i they are installed without "ro"er
environmental assessment and management*
• or instane! the im"at o wind "ower on orest eology
an be very high*• &owever! wind "ro/ets are being installed in orest areas
without going through any environmental im"at
assessment $34*
• '!000 hetares o orests have been diverted or wind
"ower develo"ment and ma/ority o this is only in twostates! 5aharashtra and arnata7a*
• 5any o these wind "ower "ro/ets are oming u" in the
eo8sensitive Western Ghats*
-
8/19/2019 Renewables 2016.pptx
20/22
$nvironmental issues in renewables
• #imilarly! small hydro "ro/ets #&94 are e:em"ted rom $3*5ulti"le #&9 on a single river an om"letely destroy a river;seology*
• Guidelines or setting aside eologial theyare land and water intensive*
• These issues should be addressed beore setting8u" largesolar "lants*
• There is now a growing onsensus within the environmentalommunity about the neessity o "ro"er environmentalregulations or the renewable energy setor it should besub/eted to the $3 "roess*
-
8/19/2019 Renewables 2016.pptx
21/22
21
• "resent %nstalle! 6apacity of Renewable Energy Sources
in %n!ia
Renewable Energy Source "resent %nstalle! 6apacity
Wind 9:0:: 7W
2mall Hydro 09:: 7W
Bagasse ;
-
8/19/2019 Renewables 2016.pptx
22/22
inanial status
und allocation %
Total alloation orenergy
10!@'!@A-
5BR$ AA!00A A
Bulear 66!C@0 6