Renewable heat in France and

Germany – international perspectives

Dr. Ute Collier, Renewable Energy Division

Paris, 26 April 2017

©Fotosearch/GraphicObsession

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Most reductions will have to come from energy efficiency and renewables. With heat accounting for

over 50% of final energy consumption, it ought to be a key focus for reductions.

The global energy transition challenge

Required contributions to CO2 reductions for well-below 2 DS

0

10

20

30

40

2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

GtCO2

Efficiency Renewables CCS Fuel switching Nuclear Other

NDC trends

“Well below 2°C”

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But heat remains the elephant in the room

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Heat is the largest energy end-use

Heat is >50% of global final energy consumption & 38% of CO2 emissions.

Cooling is around 2% of end-use but growing.

Global consumption of heat, 2014

Total: 211 EJ

Other heat 71%

Electricity 6%

Modern renewables 7%

Traditional biomass 16%

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0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

0

5

10

15

20

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Renewa

ble heat (EJ)

Modern bioenergy Solar thermal Geothermal Renewable commercial heat Share of renewable heat (right axis)

Renewable heat – slow progress globally

Use of renewables for heating is increasing but more slowly than for electricity

Global final renewable energy use for heat 2007-21

(excluding traditional biomass)

Historical data Scenario 2015-2021

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The EU is the global leader in renewable heat

But much more progress is needed – renewable heat is increasingly lagging behind renewable power.

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Total heat consumption Renewable heat consumption

Share of g

loba

l total

Rest of world

Brazil

Rest of Europe/Eurasia

India

Russia

EU28

North America

China

Global heat vs renewable heat consumption 2014

Source: IEA statistics

Note: IEA statistics do not include heat pumps

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How do France and Germany compare against the best?

Source: Eurostat

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Pe

r ce

nt

Top 3

Bottom of the class 22nd

17th

But

• Different starting points &

challenges

• And some good policies:

Fond Chaleurs

Marktanreizprogramm

Share of renewable heating and cooling 2015

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Lessons from Sweden

Sweden has the highest share of renewable heat globally (68.1%). What can Germany and France learn

from Sweden?

Fuel input for steam and hot water in Swedish CHP and heat-

only plants (1990-2015)

Source: Statistics Sweden

Key success factors:

• Ambitious targets

• High carbon taxes

• Public investment in

district heating

• High energy efficiency

standards

• Good biomass resource

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The pivotal role of district heating in cities

Heat is fundamentally a local issue – local heat planning is important. But also needs an appropriate

national/regional policy and regulatory framework.

Munich

• 100% renewable district

heating by 2040

• Geothermal as main option

Frankfurt

• 100% renewable energy by

2050

• Various renewables, waste

heat, power to heat

Paris

• 25% renewable energy by

2020

• Biomass and geothermal +

waste incineration

© Mainova © SWM © Engie

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The way forward - system integration at local level

Cross-sector coupling and a strong push for energy efficiency are key elements of an effective long-

term decarbonisation strategy at local level

Source: Fraunhofer ISE, 2016

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Conclusions

• Both France and Germany are lagging behind the

leading renewable heat countries

• But need to recognise different starting points

• Some good policies but need more to scale-up

• Need for an energy systems approach – greater

coupling of heat and electricity & energy efficiency

• Role of local authorities important but also need

national policy & regulatory framework

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IEA work on renewable heat

http://www.iea.org/workshops/iea-

renewable-heating-and-cooling-

workshop.html

Policy perspectives on

renewable heat

forthcoming

IEA Renewable heating and cooling

workshop 7 Feb 17

Forthcoming later in 2017:

Renewables Market Report

Bioenergy Roadmap

© IEA 2017