Renewable Energy System integration - greenpeace.org · DIgSILENT PowerFactory. Lines are...
Transcript of Renewable Energy System integration - greenpeace.org · DIgSILENT PowerFactory. Lines are...
Renewable Energy
System integration Ljubljana, 7 June 2011
Frauke Thies
System criteria suggested by the International Energy Agency (May 2009)
Source IEA
THE BATTLE OF THE GRIDS 2030/2050 (ENERGYNAUTICS/GREENPEACE)
STRUCTURE
- BATTLE OF THE GRIDS OBJECTIVES
- 6 ANALYTICAL STEPS (EXAMPLE 2030 CASE)
- SPECIALTIES FOR 2050
- KEY FINDINGS
Concrete example for Europe
Objectives
Determine the grid infrastructure
required for Energy [R]evolution
Scenario
Explore different measures for
optimal integration of Renewable
Energy Sources into the European
electricity grid
Grid Study 2030/2050
Grid upgrades
Demand-side
Management
Storage
Back-up generation
RES dispatch priority in
power markets
RES distribution and energy
mix
Assumed Power Mix in the Energy [R]evolution
1. Grid upgrades
2. RE dispatch priority
3. Additional lines to remove bottlenecks
4. DSM and smart grids
5. Storage
6. Sensitivity: power mix
6-step analysis (example 2030)
1. Grid upgrades
2. RE dispatch priority
3. Additional lines to remove bottlenecks
4. DSM and smart grids
5. Storage
6. Sensitivity: power mix
Step 1: Grid upgrades
Model of European network in
DIgSILENT PowerFactory.
Lines are aggregated to form a 224-
node model connecting load centres.
Due to its simplicity it is well suited
for a general European grid upgrade
study.
European Electricity Grid Model
Methodology – Grid Planning
1
• Determine maximum generator availability based on extreme weather event and standard year (hourly data).
2
• Assign maximum generator availability and forecast load at each node in network model.
3
• Perform DC optimum power flow feasibility check with constraints
• Limit line flow to 80% of maximum capacity in order to cover for (N-1) contingency.
• Dispatched generation must be within specified limits.
4
• Assess where the bottlenecks exist and determine cost optimal grid upgrade.
• Only node to node upgrades are considered.
• Distribution grid not considered.
Extreme Winter Event
Low wind
production!
Extreme Winter Event
Low solar
production!
Extreme Winter Event
High demand!
Source: Reproduced with permission
of ENTSO-E by energynautics.
1. South to Central Europe
2. North Sea Offshore
Critical areas for grid upgrads
1. Grid upgrades
2. RE dispatch priority
3. Additional lines to remove bottlenecks
4. DSM and smart grids
5. Storage
6. Sensitivity: power mix
Step 2: Priority dispatch
1. Grid upgrades
2. RE dispatch priority
3. Additional lines to remove bottlenecks
4. DSM and smart grids
5. Storage
6. Sensitivity: power mix
Step 3: Additional grid links
12%
3%
By further upgrading the grid, the amount of curtailed energy can be strongly reduced
1. Grid upgrades
2. RE dispatch priority
3. Additional lines to remove bottlenecks
4. DSM and smart grids
5. Storage
6. Sensitivity: power mix
Step 4: DSM and smart grids
Demand aligned to PV output
Curtailed energy for Base Scenario 2030
1. Grid upgrades
2. RE dispatch priority
3. Additional lines to remove bottlenecks
4. DSM and smart grids
5. Storage
6. Sensitivity: power mix
Step 5: Storage
Curtailed energy for Base Scenario 2030 with storage
1. Grid upgrades
2. RE dispatch priority
3. Additional lines to remove bottlenecks
4. DSM and smart grids
5. Storage
6. Sensitivity: power mix
Step 6: Sensitivity: power mix
Curtailed energy resulting from dispatch
with inflexible conventionals
Cost of renewables curtailment
SPECIALTIES 2050
RE growth and phaseout nuclear/coal
Feasib
ility a
rea
Grid €149-173bn
Grid €528-679bn
Production: • Wind: 497GW • Solar PV: 898GW • Imported: 60GW
Production: • Wind: 667GW • Solar PV: 974GW • Imported: 0
Pathways to 100% renewables
Source: Reproduced with permission
of ENTSO-E by energynautics.
The proposed HVDC supergrid in 2050
(High Grid case)
1. Grid upgrades
2. RE dispatch priority
3. Additional lines to remove bottlenecks
4. DSM and smart grids
5. Storage
6. Sensitivity: power mix
Key results
Storage and DSM
Back-up Capacity
Grid upgrade
RES curtailment Security of Supply
RES Integration
1. Large-scale integration of renewables is entirely feasible
- Phase-out of inflexible power station (nuclear and coal)
- Gas as bridging technology, increasingly replaced with dispatchable renewables
(hydro, geothermal, CSP, biomass/biogas)
2. This requires a change in the energy mix
Optimised
Scenario 2030
Import
Scenario 2050
Regional
Scenario 2050
Distance
(thousand km)
HVAC 170 242 190
HVDC Onshore 19 125 26
HVDC Offshore 43 135 62
Total 233 501 278
Cost of
upgrades vs
2010 grid
(billion euro)
HVAC 20 59 31
HVDC Onshore 21 -49 300 – 452 65 – 89
HVDC Offshore 29 168 53
Total 70 - 98 528 - 679 149 – 173
© Copyright to energynautics GmbH.
3. Grid investments of € 70-98 bn by 2030 and € 149-679 bn
by 2050
4. Priority dispatch for renewables and smart system
management
BACKUP
Base
Scenario
2030
Base
Scenario
2030 with
DSM20%
Base
Scenario
2030 with
storage
Base
Scenario
2030 with
inflexible
generation
2030 Grid
optimised
for
curtailment
2050 Grid
with 60GW
import
2050 Grid
without
import
Total
generation
(TWh)
3886 3888 3863 3782 3867 4492 4543
RES
(TWh) 2537 2643 2543 2250 2567 4438 4517
% RES 65% 68% 66% 59% 66% 99% 99%
Curtailed
RES
(TWh)
98 89 77 150 32 219 294
% curtailed 4% 3% 3% 6% 1% 4% 5%
Grid
investments
(billion Euro)
50 to 70 - - -
19 - 28 in
addition to
Base
Scenario
2030
(70 - 98 vs
2010)
458 – 581 in
addition to
2030 (528 -
679 vs
2010)
74 - 79 in
addition to
2030
(149 - 173
vs 2010)
© Copyright to energynautics GmbH.
Overview of key results of all scenarios